SRATN Operating Manual

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT
SRAT N KENYA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
CHAPTER 1 TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

1.1 Generalities
1.2 Technical characteristics
1.3 Constructive description
1.4 Electric circuits description
1.5 Operating description
CHAPTER 2 INSTRUCTIONS OF COMMISSIONING
2.1 Documentation necessary for setting into operation
2.2 Necessary measurement devices
2.3 Setting the equipment into operation
CHAPTER 3 REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS.
CHAPTER 4 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
2
2
2
4
5
14
24
24
24
24
35
37
S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA
2 / 37
CHAPTER 1 TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

1.1 Generalities
These Instructions for Operation and Maintenance refer to the static excitation
equipment for the supply, control and adjustment of the excitation winding for hydro
generators with alternative current exciters (+rotating diodes) that have a rated current
of maximum 25A d.c. and maximum voltage 200V d.c.
1.2 Technical characteristics
1.2.1 Environment conditions
The product is destined to operate in environment conditions corresponding to
the normal climate, climatic zone: N, operating category: 3.
- temperature range: -10...40C;
- maximum relative humidity: 80% to 30C;
- environment void of active chemical agents and dust.
1.2.2 Operational characteristics
power supply voltage from internal
power plant services:
power supply voltage from the
transformer linked to the terminals
of the generator:
supply voltage for fieldflash
auxiliary D.C. voltage
rated current of the rectifier:
maximum output voltage:
current forcing margin:
voltage forcing margin:
Working modes on MAIN excitation
The AUTOMATIC working mode
has the following adjustment and
limitation loops:
3 x 415V a.c. +/-10% , +Null / 50Hz 5%

= rectifier supply voltage:
3 x 90V a.c. - MERILA
3 x 75V a.c. - MARAGUA
110 V d.c. +10%, max. 10A
110V d.c. 10%, max.5A
Max. 20A
Minimum 1.2xU rectifier supply
Minimum 2*In excitation for 20 sec.
Minimum 2*Un
AUTOMATIC and MANUAL
- AVR with the correction of Q (cross current
compensation)
- I*sin regulator.
- cos regulator.
- limitation of minimum excitation current
- limitation of maximum excitation current
- inverse time limitation of maximum
excitation current
- limitation of maximum voltage at the
The MANUAL working mode (field

current regulator) comprises:
Supply sources:
a. Supply from the transformer

connected to the terminals of the
generator
stator
(field-flash
ignition).
3 / 37
generator terminals
- inverse time limitation of maximum stator
current in the lag
- limitation of running in lead according to P;
- correction of U/f in no load running;
- operating at Q=0 (usually used at the
normal stop of the generator);
- IEX (exciter excitation current) regulator
- limitation of minimum excitation current
- limitation of maximum excitation current
- limitation of maximum voltage at the
generator terminals
a. Supply from the transformer connected to
the terminals of the generator stator.
b. Supply from internal power plant services
Enables the start-up of the generator without
the presence of the excitation power supply
voltage.
When the speed of the generator is higher
than 90% from nN and there is an excitation
start-up command, the contactor KA shall be
switched on by PLC, the voltage of 110V d.c.
of the battery shall be applied on the field
winding and after the voltage at the generator
terminals reaches 0.5 from UNG (within a
maximum admitted adjustable time from
O.P.), KA shall be automatically switched off
and the excitation on:
- In the MANUAL working mode the
excitation current increase up to Imin exc.
adjustable from O.P.
- In the AUTOMATIC working mode the
excitation current increase up to Istratup
adjustable from O.P.,
Attention!!! - In this working mode the
excitation protections are set into operation
after reaching the voltage of 0.5*UNG (those
related to the presence of the power voltage
in the rectifier).
4 / 37
b. Supply from the internal power Enables the operating of the equipment with
plant services
the power supply regardless of the on or off
status of the group. The operating mode is
identical to the field flash one, only that KA
is no longer connected on start-up and the
protections are continuously operating.
Field discharging:
- at the normal stop or from generator
protections (without faults in excitation) with
inverter followed by discharge on the linear
resistor of the value 2 6 times the rotor
resistance by static breaker;
- at faults in excitation by discharge on a
linear resistor of the value 2 6 times the
rotor resistance with static breaker.
Working modes on BACKUP MANUAL
excitation:
The MANUAL working mode (field - IEX (exciter excitation current) regulator
current regulator) comprises:
Supply sources:
Supply from internal power plant services Enables the operating of the equipment with
the power supply regardless of the on or off
status of the group.
Field discharging:
- by discharge on a linear resistor of the value
2 6 times the rotor resistance with static
breaker.
Switching from MAIN to BACKUP With the excitation system and generator
excitation and reverse
stopped
Cooling down
Natural
1.3 Constructive description
The static excitation equipment has the sizes: 700 x 600 x 2200 mm.
It is made as a cabinet with front-back doors.
The protection degree of the cabinet is IP54.
The cabinet is divided into 2 compartments.
The front side of the cabinet comprises:
- PLC of the Allen Bradley type with numeric regulator
- power sources with + 24V d.c. output
- interface relays with PLC, transformers for the adjustment of voltages and currents;
- switch breakers, clip row
5 / 37
- firing pulses boards DCGN (formation and enhancement of impulses) for the MAIN
and BACKUP excitation
- electronic circuit - BASCRN (adaptation block, sensing, conversion for numeric
adjustment) for the MAIN excitation
- analogical regulator (PRGL) for the BACKUP excitation
The rear side of the cabinet comprises:
- excitation transformer;
- field discharge resistors, ballasting resistor, field flash limitation resistor;
- 2 thyristor bridges (MAIN and BACKUP excitation), static breaker for field
discharge, SBR separator (MAIN and BACKUP excitation selection), SAL separator
(supply from the transformer connected to the terminals of the generator stator/ AC
service supply);
- field flash circuit composed of contactor and rectifier diode.
On the cabinet door are assembled the following:
- Allen Bradley operating panel (O.P.) View panel made up of an alpha-numeric
display device, buttons with figures and functions for the communication with the PLC,
hereinafter called O.P.;
- voltmeter to check the static breakers;
- ammeter and voltmeter for the concerned excitation current and voltage;
- REMOTE/LOCAL CONTROL selection key and potentiometer for the LOCAL set
point control of the BACKUP excitation.
- relay to monitor the temperature of the excitation transformer.
1.4 Description of the electric circuits
1.4.1 Electric power circuit
The power circuit is made of two fully controlled thyristor bridges placed above
the excitation transformer supplied from the internal power plant services. The
protection of the thyristors at over-current is made of high speed fuses. The protection
at overvoltage due to the supply network and the switching of the thyristors is
performed through the individual RC group mounted on the electronic board U9.
The AVR rectifier may be supplied from the transformer connected to the
terminals of the generator stator or from the transformer mounted in the equipment
cabinet, through a cam switch (SAL).
The BACKUP excitation rectifier is supplied from the transformer mounted in
the cabinet of the equipment.
The outputs of the rectifiers are linked to a cam switch (SBR).
The field discharge of the excitation winding is performed by the static breakers
V7, V8 series with field discharge resistor. The static breakers V7, V8 also ensure the
protection to rotor overvoltage higher than 1000V.
6 / 37
The field-flash circuit is made of the KA relay, the VA diode and the limitation
resistance RLA series connected with the field discharge resistor RD.
1.4.2 Adjustment and control circuits
The adjustment and control circuits are divided according to the functional criterion
into:
- supply circuits
- measure circuits
- regulator circuits
- thyristor firing pulses circuits
- protection circuits
- monitoring and parameter setting devices
- SUPPLY CIRCUITS
The supply of the PLC U6 and of the control electronics is performed with the
stabilized voltage of: +24V noted in the scheme B2 (+24V) and B1 (0V).
This voltage is obtained from 220V a.c. - internal services/power supply
(voltage supplies U1, U2) and from the 110V d.c. - battery (voltage supply U3).
Switch mode power supplies U1, U2, U3 are parallel connected, decoupled by
diodes and form the bars B2 (+24V), B1(0V); the pulse transformers supply voltage is
taken from B2 through the diodes V12.1 and V12.2.
- MAIN EXCITATION MEASUREMENT CIRCUITS
In order to obtain the feedback measurements of UG, IG, USIST, Q, P, f, IE, UE,
UEG, the equipment receives from the generator the following signals:
- 3x110V a.c. measure of UG in clips X-8 phase R, X-9 phase S, X-10 phase T.
- 3x110V a.c. measure of Ugrid in clips X-12 phase R, X-13 phase S, X-14 phase T
- 1A a.c. measure of IG in clips X-1 phase R, X-2 phase T, X-4,5 NULL, by supply with
diagram in V.
- measure of the excitation current from the current transformers T6, T7 - 75A/0.15A
mounted on the alternative current circuit of the rectifiers (phase R and phase T) in
diagram V.
- 40V d.c. - MERILA/ 31Vdc - MARAGUA measure of UE from the d.c. power circuit
of the excitation.
The measure circuits from the U5 block (BASCRN) comprise:
The measure circuit UG (voltage at the generator terminals)
- consists of adjustment transformers T1, T3 and rectifying bridges D5, D6;
- the block supplies a feedback signal 3.6V in pin 2, U3 for the generator rated voltage;
- the level of the feedback is established by resistor R26;
The supervision of the feedback voltage is established by means of the circuits U1A,
U1B, U1C and U3. On the voltage decrease on one of the generator phases below
7 / 37
0.2...0.4 from UN (adjustable from D16...D18), the board shall send a signal to PLC by
the saturation of transistor Q34, a signal that shall automatically switch the regulator
from automatic to manual. This will happen only if the excitation current exceeded the
value of 0.5 from the current of no load running (adjustable from R29).
Measure circuit IG (generator stator current);
- consists of: the bridges D10, D11, resistors R39, R40;
- the level of the current feedback may be modified from P2;
- the level of the current feedback is of 2.25V/X3-5 for the generator stator rated
current;
Measure circuit Q (reactive power):
- the formula is used:
Q = Ugen x Igen x sin
The measure of is made with D21...D30, U2A, U2C and U3.
Measure circuit P (active power):
- the measure is made of using the formula:
P = Ugen x Igen x cos
Measure circuit f (voltage frequency at the generator terminals);
- consists of: the bridges D21...D24, integrated circuits U2A, U3
Measure circuit IE (total excitation current)
- consists of: the bridges D8, D9, resistors R33, R34
- the level of the feedback may be modified from the potentiometer P1;
- the level of the excitation current feedback is of -2.25V/X3-3 for the rated excitation
current;
All measure circuits, i.e. Ugen, Iex, Istator, f, are transmitted to PLC in numeric
form through the processor U3.
This processor has inscribed a program that reads the converter AN0 (Ugenerator),
converter AN1 (Iex), converter AN3 (Istator or Ugrid), computes f according to the
impulses from RB0 or according to the impulses from RB0 and RB4.
The read or computed measures are transmitted according to the requests of the
PLC, as follows: on the first 2 bits the transmitted measure, on the following bits is set
1 to transmit the first 5 bits of the measure to be transmitted (the most significant ones)
or 0 to transmit the last 5 bits of the measure to be transmitted.
Remark: for , the first two most significant bits represent the sign, i.e. 11 for
lag, 00 for lead.
The changing of the significant bits with the transmission of less significant bits
is performed automatically at 0.5 ms from the transmission of the significant bits.
All input measures are sampled on 10 bits (less that is on 8 bits), thus a
precision of 1/1000.
The transmission is performed continuously, Ugen, Iex are read from 4 in 4 ms,
Istator , f and are read from 16 in 16 ms. Thus a succession of reading is presented as
8 / 37
follows: Iex, Ugen, Iex, Ugen, Iex, Ugen, I ex, Ugen, Istator (or Ugrid), Iex, Ugen , , Iex, Ugen, Iex,
Ugen, a.s.o.
The forcing blocking circuit is made of solid-state circuit U2D. R75 is chosen so
that the voltage in pin 10 (Ugenerator) should be higher by 10% versus the voltage
from pin 11 (Ugrid) of U2D in the conditions in which the generator voltage and the
system voltage are rated values.
In case of a sudden short-circuit at the generator terminals, the voltage in pin 10
will drop far more than the system voltage (due to the reactance of the block
transformer) and the comparator U2D will oscillate from 0 in +5 V, the signal will be
processed by PLC.
The voltage equalization circuit is made inside the software inscribed in U3.
U3 compares the generator voltage (AN0) the system voltage (AN3) a voltage
that is applied in AN3 only in open circuit through the relay K2 from the cabinet. At the
parallel operation on AN3 is applied the stator current.
If the generator voltage is higher than 0.9 V ( UNGen) and the system voltage is
higher than 2.5 V (0,7UNsist) then on the outputs 2RC3 or 2RC5 shall be given the order
to increase or decrease the reference to PLC according to the result of the comparison
by the software of AN0 with AN3.
When AN0 = AN3 1% 2, RC4 is 1 and gives the signal to PLC to allow closing I.O.
Measure circuit UE
The circuit for the measurement of the excitation voltage comprises the
electronic voltage adjustment board PACTC (U12) that reduces the excitation voltage
from 110V d.c. to 10V d.c. and transmits it to the voltage/current transducers U13, and
U14. U13 transmits the excitation voltage measure to the analogical input module U6.6
of the PLC; U14 transmits the excitation voltage measure outside to a hierarchically
superior system.
- BACKUP EXCITATION MEASURE CIRCUITS
In order to obtain the feedback of IE, the equipment receives:
- measure of the excitation current from the current transformers T6R, T7R 75A/0.15A mounted on the alternative current circuit of the rectifiers (phase R and
phase T) in the diagram in V.
- MAIN EXCITATION REGULATORS CIRCUITS
The regulators that can be selected to function are cos, Isin, AVR or IEX (field
current regulator.
Circuits to form the set point value
The choice of the cos, Isin, AVR or IEX regulation working mode is
performed remotely or locally depending on the position of the selection key on the
9 / 37
equipment door. If it is selected the REMOTE CONTROL, the working modes can
from the control rooms through the relays KI5 for the cos working mode, KI6 for the
IEX working mode or KI8 for Isin working mode. If it is selected LOCAL
CONTROL, the working modes can from the operating panel through the key buttons
F8 for the cos working mode, F9 for Isin working mode, F7 for AVR working mode,
or F3 for the IEX working mode.
The value set point in every working mode is formed by the PLC. In theory it is
formed, as follows: in PLC there is a numeric register that represents the value set point
for the regulators from PLC. This may be set from O.P. between certain variations
limits.
The orders INCREASE, DECREASE are given from the control room through
the relays KI9, KI10 if REMOTE CONTROL is selected or from the operating panel
through the key buttons F6, F10, that modify according to the chosen working mode the
set-point register. The variation speed of the set points from minimum to maximum
may be set from the operating panel in the series 1030 sec. (parameter of Set point
Variation Time).
Regulation and limitation circuits in AVR, cos
, Isin
working mode
These circuits are built inside the PLC.
- AVR (generator voltage regulator) type PI with U/t forcing function
- cos regulator
- Isin regulator
- limitation of maximum stator current - The limitation occurs when the generator is
connected to the system and it is in lag working mode, as follows: when the stator
current exceeds the value K2xISN (K2 = 0.8....1.5 adjustable from O.P.), PLC starts to
compute the diagram (I2t) of the generator and after exceeding the time from the
diagram, the PLC modifies the regulator output, so that the stator current should drop
below the value of K2xISN for TLFS/IN (1...999 sec parameter adjustable from O.P.).
Also on the operating panel may be set the time for which the generator may debit the
double of the rated stator current (T = 0.1......9.9 sec)
- limitation for maximum excitation current - When the excitation current is more
than the 1.15 * Isn value, PLC begins to compute the diagram (I2*t) of exciter field and
when the time is more than the diagrams time the PLC modifies excitation current
setpoint so the excitation current becomes IEXN. The IEXN is maintained a period of time
called TLFex/IN (1...30 min - adjustable parameter from O.P.).
10 / 37
- limitation of running in lead - the limitation occurs when the generator is connected
to the system and it is in lead working mode on the AVR regulator, as follows: The
maximum reactive power allowed for running in lead shall be computed according to
the active power with the following formula:
QM - Qm
Q* = QM - P x -------------- ,
Pn
where: Qm = values of running in lead at the active rated power; QM = values of running
in lead at the active power = 0 adjustable from O.P.
If the reactive power exceeds the value Q*, PLC modifies the regulator outputs,
so that the reactive should not exceed the value Q*.
- U/f correction - the limitation occurs in case the generator is running no load and the
generator voltage is higher than 20% from the rated value, as follows: When the
generator frequency drops below the value of Kfx50Hz (Kf = 0.5......0.9 adjustable
from PLC), the AVR output is modified, so that the relation UG/f should be constant
versus UGN/fN.
- limitation of the maximum voltage at the generator terminals accomplished by

means of the PLC operates, as follows:
- the limitation is accomplished by limiting the set-point register and by limiting the
regulator output at no load running.
- on tripping the generator switch breaker, remaining with the aggregate on no load
excited running, the PLC automatically brings the set-point register to the value at
which the parallel was performed.
Adjustment and limitation circuits in IEX working mode
The adjustment circuits in MANUAL working mode are also in PLC and
comprise the following adjustment loops:
- the excitation current regulator
- the limitation of the maximum excitation current accomplished by limiting the setpoint register and by limiting the regulator output at no load running.
- the limitation of the maximum generator voltage on tripping the generator switch
breaker, remaining with the aggregate on no load excited running, the PLC
automatically brings the set-point register to the value at which the parallel was
performed.
11 / 37
AVR - IEX switching

The switching from one working mode to another, as well as the monitoring
between the AVR and IEX working modes is described in Appendix PLC.
When the equipment is stopped, the switching is performed through the input
relays or the operator panel key buttons with no conditioning.
On receiving the switching orders, PLC displays on O.P. the selected working
mode and activates or deactivates the loops from PLC corresponding to the selected
working mode.
If the excitation equipment is started, the switching is performed as in the status
of stopped equipment with the following specifications:
- if it operates on AVR, cos or Isin the equipment through PLC it is immediately
switched on IEX (by observing the tracking) when the U5 board detects the " Generator
feedback voltage is missing " (IN13 = 1) or " Generator feedback current is missing "
(IN14 = 1).
- if it operates on IEX, it does not execute the order to switch to AVR, cos or Isin if
the board U5 detects the " Generator feedback voltage is missing " (IN13 = 1) or "
Generator feedback current is missing " (IN14 = 1).
- BACKUP EXCITATION CIRCUIT REGULATOR
Circuits for the formation of the set point value
The set point of the excitation current within the BACKUP excitation system may be
formed in two ways: analogical and numeric. The selection of the set point mode is
performed by means of the switch mounted on the door of the excitation equipment.
In the ANALOGICAL mode, the current set point is established by the operator
from the potentiometer mounted on the excitation equipment door and under the
NUMERIC working mode, through increase/decrease orders, locally from the operating
panel or remotely.
Regulation circuits
The set point value of the excitation current and the current feedback is transmitted
to the electronic board PRGL (U8R) that comprises the analogical current regulator in
PI configuration.
The output of the current regulator is the control voltage for the pulse generating
circuit to trigger the rectifiers, made of the U7R board of the DCGN type.
- THYRISTOR FIRING PULSES CIRCUITS
Circuit to form triggering pulses on gates
The MAIN excitation equipment has 2 identical pulse generating circuits electronic boards U7 - channel 1 and U8 - channel 2 of the DCGN type. The equipment
normally operates on channel 1. The equipment switches onto channel 2 in case of fault
of channel 1.
12 / 37
The BACKUP excitation equipment has 1 impulse formation circuit - electronic

board U7R of the DCGN type.
The DCGN block receives the following signals:
- 3 x Ualim thyristor bridge synchronization voltage in X1-2, X1-5, X1-8.
- 0 5V (0 2,5V for the inverter working mode, 2,5 5V - for rectifier working
mode) control voltage from the output of the regulator operational in X2-1, X2-2.
- 0V in X2-3 from A.P. the order to block the pulses on stop and switching onto
channel 2.
- inverter order (+24V) in X2-4;
The DCGN block comprises:
- the circuits that form for the synchronization voltage rectangles of phase R, S, T made
of the transformers T1, T2, T3 and the integrated circuits U2A, U2B, U2C that
transform the input sinusoids from X1-2, X1-5, X1-8 (minimum voltage 30V,
maximum voltage 110) in synchronization rectangles with transits through 0 from
minus to plus with a delay of ~80.
- the device that generates the trigger pulses for the thyristors - the processor U3.
- the circuits that transmit the trigger pulses to the pulse transformers consist of the
transistor chain Q5-Q11
- the circuits that transmit the presence of the triggering pulses in the primary of the
pulse transformers to the processor U3 are made of the integrated circuits U5, U6, U7.
By the software the presence of the pulses in the primary of the impulse
transformers is monitored. An interruption of the pulse transformer primary, the
breakdown of a pulse way on the transistor chain Q5-Q11 is detected by U3 that
controls, in case of a breakdown, the transistor Q2 that transmits a fault signal.
If one of the synchronization phases is missing (F1, F2, F3 burnt out) or the high
speed fuses from the rectifier are burnt out, on Q3 or Q4, a signal is transmitted to the
PLC of the fault. If the synchronization frequency exceeds the limit 25Hz 100Hz a
fault signal is transmitted again on Q3.
If the succession of the phases on X1-2, X1-5, X1-8 is not R, T, S, a fault signal
is transmitted on Q4.
Each of the boards U7, U8 has own pulse transformers, so that on the switching
from one channel to another there should be a 100%-redundancy in the thyristor firing
pulses circuit.
The circuit of transmitting pulses to the thyristors
The circuit of transmitting pulses to the thyristors accomplishes the adaptation of
the firing pulse parameters and the galvanic separation between the rectifier and the
impulse formation circuit.
This circuit is made up of pulse transformers planted on the electronic board
(U9) that is mounted on the rectifier with thyristors.
13 / 37
- PROTECTION CIRCUITS on the MAIN EXCITATION

The protection of the generator against over-voltage is ensured by PLC. The
trip threshold and the delay are adjustable from the operating panel (5 sec. after exiting
the parallel).
The protection of functioning with faulty rotating diodes is ensured by the
electronic board U5. This receives a voltage pro rata to the generator excitation voltage
from U4 conversion and galvanic insulation board (which has also role to separate the
rotor voltage of the generator from the control voltage in (24V)) and processes it in
view of detecting. When detected, the fault will be transmitted further to the PLC.
The protection against rotor earth fault is ensured by the relay U17 that
transmits the information to PLC.
The protection against excitation over-voltage of the exciter is ensured by
PLC. The trip threshold and the delay are adjustable from the operating panel.
The protection at the over-temperature of the MV transformer is
accomplished by means of relay U18 that transmits the information to the PLC.
The protection against the maximum excitation current of the exciter is
ensured by PLC. The trip threshold and the delay are adjustable from the operating
panel.
The protection against the minimum excitation current of the exciter is
ensured by PLC. The triggering threshold and the delay are adjustable from the
operating panel.
- DEVICES TO MONITOR AND DETERMINE PARAMETERS
The monitoring of the excitation system is accomplished by means of three
measurement devices:
P1 excitation voltage
P2 excitation current
P3 static breaker test voltage.
The Operating Panel PV300 has been loaded with a program by means of which are
viewed and set the parameters of the excitation system.
14 / 37
1.5 Operating description

1.5.1 Controls on the Operating panel of the excitation equipment
Pressing
- F4 the Main Menu appears
From the screen of the Main menu by typing:
-F2 STATUS of the System
-F3 Tests ( Static Breaker Test and Rectifier Test)
-F4 setting Parameters (password 1122; Protect Parameters have a special
password)
-F5 Messages: Faults, Alarms
-F6 Measures (electric measures)
-F7 Local Commands (password 44)
1.5.2 Tests
Rectifier Test
In the PLC program with the equipment stopped was provided an automatic
checking circuit of rectifiers that is initiated, as follows: on O.P. are pushed keys F4,
F3, F3, F2 if there are no faults in the equipment, the static breaker is disconnected, it
switches onto IEX, the pulses are enabled and the operator may control the increase and
decrease of the excitation current from the wanted value.
Throughout this period, PLC checks the condition of the rectifiers.
On pushing F3 after starting the test, the firing pulses channel 2 is enable and the firing
pulses channel 1 is disable.
On pressing on key F2 from O.P., the equipment is stopped by blocking the impulses
and connecting the static breaker.
Static Breaker Test

If the equipment is stopped, PLC enables the checking of the static breakers when a
control is given from O.P. for testing C.S. (pressing on F4, F3, F2).
- On pressing F2 the test starts at the terminals of the static breaker 24Va.c. is
applied and the voltmeter it shall indicate the voltage 20 - 24V.
Faults:
1. The voltage measured at P3 is 12V:
Possible causes: One of the thyristors is fault (short-circuit) or receives the control in
the gate (board U11 in fault or does not receive correct orders);
2. The voltage measured at P3 is 0V:
Possible causes: Both thyristors are in fault (short-circuit) or receive control in the gate
(board U11 in fault or does not receive accurate orders);
15 / 37
- On pressing F3 - the controlled thyristor V7 - P3 will indicate voltage 10-15V.

Faults:
1. The voltage measured at P3 is 24V permanent:
Possible causes: Thyristor V7 in fault; Thyristor V7 is not controlled - in fault on the
board U11 or presence of the order for V7 from PLC;
2. The voltage measured at P3 is always 0V.
Possible causes: Thyristor V8 in fault (short-circuit); the thyristor V8 receives the
permanent order - in fault on the board U11 or the presence of the order for V8 from
PLC;
- On pressing F3 - the thyristor is ordered V8 - P3 will indicate the voltage 10-15V.
Faults:
1. The voltage measured at P3 is 24V permanent:
Possible causes: Thyristor V8 in fault; the thyristor V8 is not controlled - in fault on the
board U11 or lack of control for V8 from PLC.
2. The voltage measured at P3 is always 0V:
Possible causes: Thyristor V7 in fault (short-circuit); the thyristor V7 receives
permanent order - in fault on the board U11 or absence of order for V7 from PLC.
- On pressing F3 - P3 it shall indicate the voltage 20 - 24V.
- On pressing F2 the test is stopped.
At the control from O.P. for stopping the checking of the static breakers (F2 is clicked),
the stopping of the test is ordered by disconnecting 24 V a.c. and connection of static
breakers.
1.5.3 Messages
Messages on the MAIN EXCITATION
Messages are of three types:
- INT FLT: ** internal faults;
- EXT FLT: ** external conditions;
- WARNINGS: ** alarms;
Internal Faults
With excitation stopped - if any of the internal faults occurs the fault output relay will
be enabling and the excitation system will not start:
- RD temperature >80C; (there is a high current on RD due to the fact that the pulses
on the thyristors are not blocked or the thermal contact is in fault)
- Fault of measurement board; (BASC/RN on AN1 U5 there is a voltage >0,7Vd.c.,
due to a residual current, that unblocks the protections or the U5 is in fault.
- PIC communication fault (fault on the conversion or the transmitting way for the
measures on the U5/U6- the excitation current signal, the generator voltage signal,
etc).
16 / 37
- Absence of one synch phase; (the absence of 1 synchronization phase is assessed on

both firing pulses channels)
- Absence of two synch phases or frequency over limits; (the absence of 2 or more
synchronization phases or frequency outside the limits 25Hz-100Hz on both firing
pulses channels)
- Overtemperature of excitation transformer; (the second stage of the temperature
protection occurred - if this protection is selected to be internal fault)
With excitation started/ generator no load - if any of the internal faults occurs the fault
output relay will be enable and the excitation system will trip
pulses channels)
- Fault of thyristor firing pulses (a fault of the thyristor firing way, is assessed on
- Absence 1 synch phase on PG1, fault on PG2;
- Absence 2 synch phases or frequency on PG1, fault on PG2;
- Fault of thyristor firing pulses on PG1, fault on PG2;
protection occured - if this protection is selected to be internal fault)
- Exceeding of fieldflash time (the generator voltage has not reached the value
0.5*Ugnom during the field flash time set on O.P.)
- Repetitive switch of firing channels (in 15 sec. were switched the firing pulses
channels from one to another for more than 5 times, loose links on both firing pulses
channels)
measures on the U5/U6- the excitation current signal, the generator voltage signal, etc)
- Maximum generator voltage exceeded (Ugen > threshold / t(s))
- Fault of rotating diodes; if this input signal is set as fault
With excitation started/ generator connected to the grid - if any of the internal faults
occurs the fault output relay will be enable and the excitation system will trip after
generator circuit breaker tripping:
17 / 37
pulses channels)
- Fault of thyristor firing pulses (a fault of the thyristor firing way, is assessed on
protection occured - if this protection is selected to be internal fault)
- Exceeding of fieldflash time (the generator voltage has not reached the value
0.5*Ugnom during the field flash time set on O.P.)
- Repetitive switch of firing channels (in 15 sec. were switched the firing pulses
channels from one to another for more than 5 times, loose links on both firing pulses
channels)
measures on the U5/U6- the excitation current signal, the generator voltage signal, etc)
- Maximum generator voltage exceeded (Ugen > threshold / t(s))
- Excitation current over limit (Iex > threshold / t(s))
- Loss of excitation current (Iex < threshold / t(s))
- Fault of rotating diodes; (when the electronic circuit from the U5 board detects fault
of the rotating diodes - open circuited or short circuited - if this input signal is set as
fault
Warnings:
- Commands switch breaker disconnected (Q2 disconnected)
- Incorrect working mode selection (the orders Isin cos AVR MANUAL are in
the same time)
- Firing pulses fault on PG1 (fault of the triggering way for the thyristors on channel 1
board DCGN; it switched onto firing pulses channel 1 and immediately a firing pulses
fault was assessed on channel 1 )
- Absence 2 synch phases or freq. overlimit on PG1 (an high speed fuse on the
thyristors burnt out or a fuse from the channel 1 DCGN board or the frequency
exceeded the limits 25-100Hz)
18 / 37
- Absence 1 synch phase on PG1 (an high speed fuse on the thyristors burnt out or a
fuse from the channel 1 board DCGN)
- Firing pulses fault on PG2 (fault of the triggering way for the thyristors on channel 2
board DCGN; it switched onto firing pulses channel 2 and immediately a firing pulses
fault was assessed on channel 2)
- Absence 2 synch phases or freq. overlimit on PG2 (an high speed fuse on the
thyristors burnt out or a fuse from the channel 2 board DCGN or the frequency
exceeded the limits 25-100Hz)
- Absence 1 synch phase on PG2 (it switched onto firing pulses channel 2 and
immediately was assessed the absence of phase S or T; an high speed fuse on the
thyristors burnt out or a fuse from the channel 2 board DCGN)
When the alarms 3, 4, 5 or 6, 7, 8 occur on the active firing pulses channel the firing
pulses channel will be automatically switch the backup one (from one DCGN pcb to the
other pcb DCGN).
- Fault of rotating diodes (when the electronic circuit from the U5 board detects fault
of the rotating diodes - open circuited or short circuited)
- Generator feedback voltage is missing (if the voltage feedback for voltage regulator
or frequency measuring is missing)
- Generator feedback current is missing (if the current feedback is missing)
When alarms 10 and 11 occur the excitation system will be switched automatically to
the manual mode.
- 90 < PHY < 270 alarm (the PHY angle is outside measure limits)
- Rotor earth fault (the exciter field winding has an earth fault - if this protection is
selected to be an alarm )
External conditions
With excitation stopped - if any of the external conditions occurs the excitation system
will not start :
- Incorrect generator circuit breaker position; (the position of the generator circuit
breaker position is closed)
- Presence of stopping command; (the command to stop the excitation system is
present more than 3 seconds)
- Presence of tripping order by generator protections; (the excitation system was
stopped from generator protections or the stop command from generator protections is
present)
protection occurred - if this protection is selected to be external condition)
With excitation started:
- Rotor earth fault (the exciter field winding has an earth fault - if this protection is
selected to be external condition )
19 / 37
If Overtemperature of excitation transformer or Rotor earth fault occur, the fault

output relay will be enable and the excitation system will trip after generator circuit
breaker tripping ;
If Presence of stopping command and Presence of tripping order by generator
protections occur when the generator is connected to the grid the excitation system
will not stop until the generator circuit breaker is disconnected.
1.5.4 Commands
MAIN EXCITATION and BACKUP EXCITATION are selected by means of key
SBR
SBR on position 1 - selects MAIN EXCITATION
SBR on position 2 - selects BACKUP EXCITATION
a. MAIN EXCITATION SELECTED
START-UP
The supply of the equipment may be performed from the generator terminals or from
the internal services of the power plant. The selection of the supply source is performed
by means of the SAL key: on position 1 supply from the generator stator; on position 2
supply from internal services. The selection of the supply source shall be performed
with the equipment stopped and it shall not change in operating.
From the REMOTE/ LOCAL selector switch it can be chosen the way that the
excitation will be controlled: remotely from UCB or locally from the Operating Panel;
the position of the selector switch can be changed any time.
The equipment starts on receiving the order start (excitation of relay KI-2 permanent or
key button F2) if:
- there are no faults in the excitation equipment
- no order for Rectifier Test or Static Breaker Test is given
- minimum 10 sec elapsed from the last stop.
- there is speed signal > 90% (excitation of relay KI-11 permanent)
The PLC breaks of the order from the thyristor gates from the static breaker and
enables the triggering pulses for the rectifier bridge.
If the cos or Isin working mode is selected, until the generator will be connected to
the grid the working mode will be AVR.
Regardless of the chosen working mode, the start-up of the equipment is performed
under IEX working mode.
20 / 37
- If the supply is selected from the generator stator, after the occurrence of the start-up
order, the excitation winding is supplied with direct current from the power plant
battery by closing relay KA until the generator voltage exceeds the value 0,5*Ugnom.
When the generator voltage exceeded this value, the field flash breaker is de-energized.
The excitation starts with a start-up set point (Start-up manual) different from 0, so that
the field current should generate minimum 0,5*Ugnom. Then according to the initially
chosen regulation working mode (IEX or AVR), the equipment remains at the initial
current value (in IEX working mode) or it shall increase the excitation current until a
set point AVR start-up and then it switches to the AVR working mode and the voltage
of the generator is equalized with the one of the system in view of synchronization.
- If the supply is selected from the internal services of the power plant, after the
occurrence of the start-up order, the set point of the excitation current shall have the
value set in the operating panel: according to the initially chosen regulation working
mode (IEX or AVR), the equipment is excited at the start-up value set as a reference
from the operating board, respectively IEX start-up (adjustable between 0 and 50%In)
in IEX working mode or it shall increase the excitation current until a set point AVR
start-up, and then it switches on to the AVR working mode.
In the IEX working mode, the excitation system will control the field current of
the exciter. The current set point may vary between the values of minimum and
maximum current at no load running set in the operating panel.
In AVR working mode, excitation system will control the generator voltage. The
voltage set point may vary between the values of minimum and maximum voltage at no
load running set in the operating panel.
The variation time of the excitation current set point on start-up is established
according to the incremental quantum.
The variation time of the set points from the minimum to the maxim value is
established in seconds from the operating panel.
By the PLC program until the connection of the generator to the system is activated the
forcing limitation".
If the absence of the generator voltage measure is detected, it switches on the IEX
working mode and it shall not be allowed to switch on to the AVR working mode.
If the AVR working mode is selected and the frequency decreases below an adjustable
value in parameters, the voltage set point is modified, so as to keep constant the U/f
relation.
In the IEX working mode, after closing the generator switch, the operator varies
the current set point in order to load with reactive power the generator.
In AVR working mode, after closing the generator switch takes place an
automatic charging with reactive power until an adjustable value (the power factor is
set) and then the equipment remains in the wanted working mode (voltage regulator or
21 / 37
reactive power regulator or power factor regulator) and the operator may establish the
operating point.
The set point varies between the minimum and maximum limits at parallel
running set in the operating panel.
In AVR working mode are also active the following functions:
The operating in lead working mode is limited according to a linear characteristic
P=f(Q) ( subroutine SMQC).
If the stator current exceeds an overload value set in OP, the operating time at the
measured current shall be limited according to a thermal characteristic I2t (subroutine
SCMS)
If the excitation current exceeds the value 1.15 In, the operating time at the
measured current shall be limited according to the thermal characteristic I2t (subroutine
SLF).
In cos and Isin working modes is active only the SCMS subroutine.
The resuming of the no load running is performed by tripping on the generator switch
breaker. According to the actual operating working mode shall take place the
following:
Irrespective of the operating working mode, unless activated the function of
resuming zero at the set points, the current set points and the voltages are brought to the
actual value at the moment of connecting the generator to the network on IEX or AVR
working modes.
If the function of the set points of resuming zero is activated in the IEX working
mode, the excitation current set point will drop to the minimum set point in the
MANUAL working mode.
If the function of resuming zero at the set points is activated (see the program
PLC - STZ) in AVR working mode, the set point of the excitation current will decrease
from the minimum set point in the IEX working mode to a time interval adjustable in
OP and then shall be resumed the start-up process in AVR working mode.
The equipment normally operates on firing pulses channel 1. At the absence of R
or S, T for more than 3 sec or a "firing pulses fault GI 1", the equipment starts/switches
to firing pulses channel 2 if this is operational.
STOPPING
The stopping of the excitation equipment is performed in 3 ways:
- normal stop (at external order excitation of relay KI3 or key button F4)
- generator protection (at the external order - excitation KI4)
In AVR with the generator connected to the system, after receiving the stopping order,
the reactive power is brought to Q<5%.
22 / 37
After confirming that I.O. is disconnected, PLC orders the sending of the firing pulses
angles into the inverter for approximately 3 sec, after which the connection of the static
breaker and the blocking of the impulses on the thyristors from the bridge is ordered.
- stopping of the excitation equipment by fault
On stopping from faults after confirming that I.O. is disconnected, the pulses are
blocked and the static breaker is ordered directly.
NOTE: The equipment can restart only after 10 sec from the last stop.
b. BACKUP EXCITATION SELECTED
START-UP
From the REMOTE/ LOCAL selector switch it can be chosen the way that the
excitation will be controlled: remotely from UCB or locally from the Operating Panel;
REMOTE CONTROL selected orders from UCB:
The equipment starts on receiving the order start (excitation of relay KIR-2 permanent)
if:
- there are no faults in the excitation equipment
- there is speed signal > 90% (excitation of relay KIR-11 permanent);
The current set point is varied from the PLC by using the orders increase and decrease
from UCB.
LOCAL CONTROL selected:
The potentiometer must turned on the 0(minimum) position.
The equipment starts on receiving the signal speed > 90% (excitation of relay KIR-11
permanent) if:
- there are no faults in the excitation equipment;
The current set point is varied using the potentiometer from the equipment door.
Changing the position of the REMOTE/ LOCAL selector switch on the BACKUP
excitation the fault output will be enabled.
STOPPING
The order of intentionally stopping (the excitation of relay KIR-3) or the stopping order
from the generator protections (the excitation of relay KIR-4) is stopping the excitation
only after opening the generator circuit breaker. The pulses are blocked and the static
breaker is controlled. The order of intentionally stopping cannot be performed on the
23 / 37
LOCAL CONTROL. A stop signal can be forced, meaningly changing the position of
the REMOTE/ LOCAL selector switch.
If the control is remote, the set-point decreases to 0 after the generator circuit
breaker trips.
If the control is local, the operator must turn manually the potentiometer to zero.
A backup excitation fault enables the fault output and the stopping order from the
generator protections will stop the excitation system.
24 / 37
CHAPTER 2 INSTRUCTIONS OF COMMISSIONING

2.1 Necessary documentation
In order to commission the static excitation equipment, the product INSTRUCTIONS
FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE are necessary together with the attached
drawings.
2.2 Measurement devices necessary for setting into operation and adjustment
- Oscilloscope with 2 spots, memory and probes for reducing the voltage
- Digital multimeter
- insulation resistance: min. 1 M
- 4 digits
- measurement range: 0,1 V - 500 V
- Universal measurement device
2.3 Setting the equipment into operation
ATTENTION!
1. The personnel ensuring the setting into operation, repair and operation of the electric
equipment should have a training and labor protection sheet according to the effective
norms and they are under the obligation to know the equipment and the content of the
Instruction for operation and maintenance of the equipment.
Before the supply, the earthening link shall be checked.
Rubber carpets are provided in front and in the rear of the equipment.
The testing and checking of the pulses for the firing of the thyristors shall be performed
by using an oscilloscope supplied mandatory from the plug without protection contact
supplied from the separator transformer.
2. This chapter comprises the works for the setting into operation of the equipment after
the deliver from ICPE ACTEL or after a major repair of the equipment (replacement of
electronic block, thyristors, current and voltage transformers, etc.).
2.3.1. Preparing checking for commissioning.
2.3.2. Checking of the MAIN static excitation equipment.
2.3.3. Checking of the BACKUP static excitation equipment.
25 / 37
2.3.1. Preparing checking for commissioning

Before supplying the equipment with voltage, a visual inspection is necessary that aims
at:
-equipping the product with component elements according to the gear specification
-checking the accuracy of the links of the equipment with the outside, to the
generator and in the automation of the power plant
-checking the correct tying of the force links, as well as of the cable sections
-checking the non-occurrence of modifications during transport and mounting
operations.
Checking the power supplies
The equipment is supplied with:
3 x 415V +N a.c./5A in clips XI.R,S,T,N ac service supply
110V d.c. in clips X.+BAT and X.-BAT supply of battery for field flash
110 V d.c./5A from the battery of the power plant:
terminal + in clip X-53;
terminal - in clips X-52;
+24V at source U1 in terminals +24/0V;
+24V at source U2 in terminals +24/0V;
+24V at source U3 in terminals +24/0V.
2.3.2. Checking the MAIN excitation equipment
Turn the cam switch SBR to position 1 to select the MAIN excitation.
The switch breaker Q1 are closed to transmit the voltage of 24V d.c. to the supply bars
BA.0V, BA.24V and Q2 to supply the commands relays with 110V d.c.
Wait until O.P. displays the absence of 24Vcc. Click on F1. As of this moment U6.I
I 7 (PLC) should flash intermittently and on O.P. should be displayed the main
screen.
If I I 7 do not flash, U5 or U6 are in fault.
1. Checking the static excitation equipment on the generator excitation with
non-spinning rotor.
- Checking the synchronization
- Preparation: the connections are untied from the firing pulses circuits on the
thyristor gates.
- The ac service supply is coupled, the SAL key on position 2 and Q3 is closed;
- The IEX working mode is chosen. The RECTIFIER TEST start order is given. The
enable of the firing pulses signal corresponding to channel 1 is observed
turning on the green LED U7.
26 / 37
- The presence of the pulses on the thyristors is checked, as well as their correct
synchronization, as follows:
With an oscilloscope are viewed the wave forms between the cathode-gate at each
thyristor, connecting the hot terminal of the oscilloscope to the gate of the thyristor.
They should have the shape:
Their amplitude is variable between 1V and 6V according to the internal

resistance GK of each thyristor.
For thyristors with common cathode V1, V3, V5 the impulses should be
positioned versus their phase voltage, as follows:
Remarks
1. The phase shall be oscillographed by using a separation transformer connected
between the concerned phase and null.
2. The oscilloscope shall be connected as follows:
- probe 1 + is connected to the polarized terminal of the separation transformer on
the secondary part;
- probe 2+ is put on the gate of the thyristor;
- the tables of the oscilloscope terminals are connected to the separation
transformer 0V on the secondary part and the thyristor cathode.
For thyristors with common anodes V2, V4, V6, the impulses should be versus the
voltage of their phase, as follows:
27 / 37
- The stopping of the excitation is ordered.

- The movement by 60 electric to the right of the impulses on the thyristors (the
inverter working mode) is checked for approximately 3 sec and then the impulses
should disappear simultaneously with the control of the static contactors (2OUT1=0
and 2OUT3=1 from U6.2).
The above operations are executed for both regulation channels.
- Protection checking
After simulating a fault or a malfunction, it is necessary to reset the equipment remotely
or from the operating panel of PLC by the key F1.
(Absence of phase R or limit f) or (absence of phases S or T) channel 1 malfunction
One or more of the fuses F1, F2, F3 is removed from U7.
- the LED 1IN1 or 1IN0 flashes on U6.1.
- the firing pulses of the thyristors is switched onto channel 2; the LED OUT.0 from U6
is turned off and the LED OUT.1 on U6 is turned on
- on the operating panel is displayed the message DF
(Absence of phase R or limit f) or (absence of faze S or T) channel 2 - malfunction
One or more of the fuses F1, F2, F3 is removed from U8.
- the LED 1IN4 or 1IN3 on U6.1 is turned on.
- the firing pulses of the thyristors is switched onto channel 1; the LED O.1 from U6 is
turned off and the LED O.0 from U6 is turned on
- on the operating panel is displayed the message DF
Firing pulses fault on GI1
The wire X3-3 is removed from U7 with the turned on equipment.
It is assessed that 1IN2 from U6.1 is turned on for a short while and then O.0 is turned
off and O.1 is turned on from U6 and the fault message appears.
Firing pulse fault on GI2
The wire X3-3 is removed from U8 with the turned on equipment.
It is assessed that 1IN5 from U6.1 is turned on for a short while and then O.0 is turned
on and O.1 is turned off from U6 and the fault message appears.
- Checking the static breakers
With the equipment turned off, from O.P. is ordered the checking of the static
breakers.
28 / 37
- Checking remotely orders and signaling

The selector switch REMOTE/ LOCAL should be on the REMOTE position
The following shall be checked:
1. the equipment receives all orders from the control room
2. the equipment receives information from the position of the generator circuit
breaker.
3. the equipment receives a stopping order from the generator protections and
turbine.
4. the equipment sends correct signals to the control room
- Checking the rectifier and the thyristors firing pulses generator boards
The connections between the output terminals of the excitation (1X.1 and 1X.2)
and the excitation of the generator are checked. (ADR is closed if exist).
The IEX working mode is chosen. The RECTIFIER TEST start order is given.
The enable of the firing pulses signal corresponding to channel 1 is observed turning
on the green LED U7.
The order INCREASE is given, aiming to increase the voltage on the voltmeter
P1 from the equipment door for no more than *UN EXC. The order DECREASE is
given, aiming to decrease the voltage on the voltmeter P1 from the equipment door
towards 0.
The order normal STOP is given. The turning off of the rotor field is aimed at.
- Tunning of the current feedback level
The RECTIFIER TEST start order is given. The button INCREASE is activated
until the set point displayed on the operating panel shows 50%. The level of the
excitation current feedback measured on the shunt (or on the ammeter) should be of
50%In. If the case may be, adjust the level from the potentiometer P1 from U5. The
order DECREASE is given until the minimum.
NOTE: All adjustments or modifications from O.P. should be performed by personnel
that know the implications of the modifications very well.
2. Checking the static excitation equipment on the generator, running no
load
A.
Select the supply from the internal services of the power plant SAL can switch
is on the position 2.
Adjusting the current regulator under IEX working mode
The generator is excited under IEX working mode up to 90% from the rated voltage of
the generator.
29 / 37
The amplifying factor of the main current regulation PLC is adjusted, as follows:
- the regulator is put in P (TIM = 0.001 is set)
- on the entry of the regulator are applied small perturbations 1-2%
- the KRM amplification is increased until the oscillation limit
- the amplification of the KRM regulator is established at 1/2 from the value at which
the oscillation occurred
The integrating factor of the current regulator is adjusted, as follows:
- TIM maxim (0.99) is inserted
- gradual signals are applied and the feedback of the regulator is monitored, aiming to
obtain an over-adjustment of maximum 10% by modifying TIM.
Determination of the feedback level of UG
With the excitation on IEX, the equipment is excited until the rated voltage of the
generator.
It is checked that on the board U5 pin 2 circuit U3 (processor), there is a voltage
of 3.6 Vdc; if not, it is adjusted from R26 of board U5.
The presence is checked in clips X-8 for phase R, X-9 for phase S, X-11 for
phase T of the voltage feedback on the terminals (approximately 3x100Vac/
3x110Vac).
Checking the regulator UGmax IEX working mode
The order is given to increase the reference continuously and it is assessed that
the voltage on the terminals does not exceed 1.2*UNG by limiting the maximum IEX
set-point.
Set the field current level for startup on AVR working mode and startup with
fieldflash
Decrease the field current in order to decrease the generator voltage to 85%
UGnom. The value of the excitation current in percents is put as the Startup current on
AVR
Decrease the field current in order to decrease the generator voltage to 50%
UGnom. Now the parameters of Minimum current set-point and Fieldflash startup
current set-point can be set.
The adjustment of the regulator of UG AVR
The function of voltages equalizing is disabled.
With the excitation on IEX, the equipment is excited until the rated voltage of the
generator.
The excitation system is witched from IEX to the AVR working mode. The
amplification factor of the voltage regulator is adjusted from O.P. KRA and the
integration time TIA the same way as the current regulator was adjusted.
30 / 37
Checking the regulator UGmax AVR working mode

The limiter UGmax on AVR is ensured by limiting the maximum AVR set-point.
Checking the monitoring and switches AVR - IEX
The generator is excited at a voltage comprised between 0.8...1.1 UGnom. The
order to switch between IEX/AVR working modes and vice-versa is given. The
switching should be performed without a shock in the excitation current. The condition
that the excitation equipment should operate in AVR working mode is that the
generator voltage (measured in clips x-8, x-9, x-10) should exceed the threshold of 0.8
rated Ugen.
BkS at no load running (Backup Supply - if ac service has to power supplies
that can be switched during excitation functioning)
ON notifying BkS (1IN0=1 or 1IN1=1 and 1IN3=1 or 1IN4=1), if:
- it is operating under IEX working mode, the constant excitation current regulator
takes the value of Limiting the Current Regulator BkS -5V - +5V for Time to
Memorize BkS on Manual and then until Time of Memorizing BKS on
Manual the regulator will operate within the margin Limitation of Manual
Regulator BkS -5V - +5V a value adjustable from the computer and then the
regulator is released from the BkS limitations;
- it is operating under AVR working mode, the program for the constant excitation
current regulator shall perform the same program as on operating under a IEX
working mode; additionally, the constant voltage regulator Ugen shall take the
value of Limiting the Voltage Regulator BkS 0-5V. For the Time to
Memorize BKS on Automatic and then the regulator is released from BkS
limitations.
Attention! If for 3 sec. the supply voltage of the excitation force does not appear again,
the excitation equipment shall control the triggering of the group. On O.P. shall appear
the message: Absence of phases S or T and Absence of phase R or limit f.
Remark: On BkS in parallel, regulators have no limitations. The BkS break is accepted
for maximum 3 sec.
Checking the correction of U/F
The generator frequency decreases below 48 Hz with the excitation on AVR until
the rated voltage.
It is noticed when the voltage at the generator terminals start to decrease
(between 46...48Hz). By means of the computer is established the weighting of the
correction.
31 / 37
Checking the starting of the excitation system on AVR working mode

Select the AVR working mode. Start the generator and the excitation system. The
generator voltage should be increased to a value between the minimum and maximum
AVR set-points set on the operating panel.
B.
Select the supply from the internal services of the power plant SAL can switch
is on the position 1.
Checking the starting of the excitation system on AVR working mode, using
generator stator voltage
Select the AVR working mode. Start the generator and the excitation system. First
exciter field circuit will be supplied from the battery voltage. After the generator
voltage is built up to 50% UGnom, the rectifier uses this voltage to build up the
generator voltage to the synchronizing value.
3. Checking the static excitation equipment on the generator operating in
charge (coupled to the system)
The IEX adjustment working mode is selected.
- Adjustment of the reactive power feedback Q and the active power P
The generator is excited; it is synchronized with the system and it is coupled to
the system.
The generator is charged at P = 1/3*PN and Q = 1/3*QN.
The stator current feedback measure is checked. The displayed value on O.P.
(percentage from rated value for stator current) must indicate a correct value. If any
errors appear, an adjustment on the electronic board BASC can be made: P2
potentiometer (if there is a big error then operator must verify connection mode for
wires in clamps X1, X2, X3 and, if needed, change R39 and R40 from U5- BASC:
(R39 in parallel with R40) than P.V. displayed value - any changes for resistances
are made with motor and excitation equipment stopped and with Q1 opened).
The power factor measure is checked. If the displayed value on O.P. is not a
correct value the followings can be done:
- modify potentiometer P3 on the U5 BASC board
- change the condenser C10 with one that has a lower value to increase the angle
value or with one that has a higher value to decrease the angle value;
- modify P.V. parameter "CORRECTION PHY" (screen 43) the correction factor
is the amount of degrees needed to be added or subtracted multiply with 2,
positive or negative;
32 / 37
The P and Q measure is checked. Use, if it is needed, the cos and sin
correction parameters on the O.P. to display the correct values
The MAIN excitation can be further switched onto AVR or cos or Isin. On AVR the
device is charged with active power until PN aiming that Q remains approximately
constant at 1/3*QN, without giving orders to INCREASE-DECREASE the excitation on
the door of the equipment cabinet.
If the reactive variations are higher, they are adjusted from KST-O.P.
2.3.3. Checking the BACKUP excitation equipment
Turn the cam switch SBR to position 2 to select the BACKUP excitation.
The switch breaker Q1R are closed to transmit the voltage of 24V d.c. to the supply
bars BAR.0V, BAR.24V and Q2 to supply the commands relays with 110V d.c.
If the relay KE3 is switched off, the relay K1R will be switch ON.
1. Checking the static excitation equipment on the generator excitation with
non-spinning rotor.
- Checking the synchronization
- Preparation: the connections are untied from the firing pulses circuits on the
thyristor gates.
- The ac service supply is coupled and Q3 is closed;
- Switch the REMOTE/LOCAL switch to LOCAL
- Simulate the 90% speed signal and the firing pulses will be enabled.
- The presence of the pulses on the thyristors is checked, as well as their correct
synchronization, as follows:
With an oscilloscope are viewed the wave forms between the cathode-gate at each
thyristor, connecting the hot terminal of the oscilloscope to the gate of the thyristor.
They should have the shape:
Their amplitude is variable between 1V and 6V according to the internal

resistance GK of each thyristor.
For thyristors with common cathode V1, V3, V5 the impulses should be
positioned versus their phase voltage, as follows:
33 / 37
Remarks
1. The phase shall be oscillographed by using a separation transformer connected
between the concerned phase and null.
2. The oscilloscope shall be connected as follows:
- probe 1 + is connected to the polarized terminal of the separation transformer on
the secondary part;
- probe 2+ is put on the gate of the thyristor;
- the tables of the oscilloscope terminals are connected to the separation
transformer 0V on the secondary part and the thyristor cathode.
For thyristors with common anodes V2, V4, V6, the impulses should be versus the
voltage of their phase, as follows:
- The stopping of the excitation is ordered.

- The impulses should disappear simultaneously with the control of the static
contactors.
The above operations are executed for both regulation channels.
- Protection checking
(Absence of phase R or limit f) or (absence of phases S or T) channel 1 malfunction
One or more of the fuses F1, F2, F3 is removed from U7R.
The K6R relay is switched on.
Firing pulses fault
The wire X3-3 is removed from U7R with the turned on equipment.
The K6R relay is switched on.
REMOTE/LOCAL selection switch wrong position
The REMOTE/LOCAL selection switch changes its position after the BACKUP
excitation was started.
34 / 37
-Tunning of the current feedback level

Simulate the 90% speed signal and the firing pulses will be enabled. Increase the
field current using the potentiometer, turning it to the maximum. The maximum field
current must be 1.1In.
NOTE: All adjustments or modifications should be performed by personnel that know
the implications of the modifications very well.
Adjusting the current regulator
Simulate the 90% speed signal and the firing pulses will be enabled.
The amplifying and integrating factors of the current regulator are adjusted, as follows:
- change the value of the R6 resistor and the C1capacitor on the U8R board until on a
set-point step, the reaction of the regulator has an over-adjustment of maximum 10%
and 3 quivers around the output steady value.
35 / 37
CHAPTER 3 REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS

The necessary documentation and the devices are the ones from chapter 2
setting into operation.
No.
1
Manifestation of
Possible causes
fault
The equipment
- the READY conditions are
does not start
not fulfilled
- the STOP order is present
- the equipment has not been
reset after a fault stop
Remedy
- check whether there are

STOP orders
- the breakdown messages are
checked from the operating
panel
- the presence of the force
voltage at the rated value is
checked
The excitation
- the breakdown of the way
- check the switching on of the
equipment starts, to transmit the order
relay KI9
but does not react INCREASE from the control - check the turning on of LED
to the
room up to the level of the
1IN14 from U6.1
INCREASE order PLC
- check the blocks DCGN
- the breakdown of the
U7, U8
regulation way and its
- check the presence of the
sending to the thyristors
order to enable the pulses from
DCGN board
- check the transmission of the
pulses from DCGN through
the firing pulses circuits to the
thyristor gates
The excitation
-absence of the UG or Ie
- check whether the set point
voltage measured in terminal
equipment
feedback for the start-up
generate high
under the AUTOMATIC or
X2-1, X2-2 of U7, U8 boards
is the minimum value
excitation current MANUAL working mode
on start-up
- fault of DCGN boards
(02.5V)
- check the presence of the Ie
feedback (excitation current)
and of the Ug feedback
(voltage in the terminals) on
U5-BASCRN.
- check the DCGN boards
- the presence of imperfect

contacts on the way of the
set point, adjustment and
transmission to the thyristors
contacts on the way to form
the Iex feedback excitation
current
contacts on the way of
forming the UG or Q
feedback for the
AUTOMATIC working
mode
The excitation
- the modification of the
current cannot be variation series of the set
varied in the
points
entire wanted
series
values of the feedback
measures
established values from O.P.
- the disappearance of a
firing pulse
The excitation
- fault : generator
equipment
feedback voltage is
switches from the missing
AUTOMATIC
- fault : generator
working mode to feedback current is missing
the MANUAL
working mode
The excitation
- fault of the excitation
equipment stops
equipment
- STOP by generator or
without the
intentional STOP turbine
order
36 / 37
The excitation
equipment has
excitation current
variations without
the order
INCREASE or
DECREASE
- the settings from O.P. are

checked
- the presence of all firing
pulse are checked
- the voltage measure is

checked from the measure
board BASC.
- the presence of fault

messages on the operating
panel of PLC is checked
- the presence of the STOP
order is checked
37 / 37
CHAPTER 4 INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAINTENANCE

4.1 Daily inspection
During the operation, the following are checked on a daily basis:
- the noise caused by the equipment during operation
- the messages on the operating panel of the PLC on the cubicle door
- the indications of the measurement devices.
4.2 Periodic inspections and checking
The static excitation equipment needs periodic revisions (at least once every 6 months),
when the following operations are executed:
- cleaning the cabinets of dust. The blowing with dry air jet at 2 atm. is executed. They
shall execute the blowing with dry air jet at 2 atm. They shall especially insist on the
clip row, the plugs of the relays, and the radiators of the thyristors. The electronic
blocks shall be blown from a distance of minimum 50 cm.
- the electric and mechanic checking of the earthing links;
- the correct screwing of the connections to the from the clip row and the links from
the force circuits;
- checking the correct screwing of the assembly screws of the subassemblies; checking
the mechanical insurance of the relays through the concerned blocking bridles;
- checking the mechanical blocking of the electronic boards;
- a visual inspection upon all subassemblies is executed, aiming at tracking faults; the
components that are in fault condition or unsafe in operating are replaced;
- the components that are galvanic covered and the components that present corrosion
of the basic material shall be replaced;
- the components covered by painting are examined and the components that present
corrosion of the basic material are repainted;
- the normal operation of the fans is checked
At least once a year the following electric checking activities are executed:
- checking the supply sources
- checking by simulation all protections and signaling
- checking the proper operating of the static contactors by means of the checking
circuit from the cabinet
- checking the set point measures of PLC under AVR and IEX working mode
- checking the value of the feedback measures from the adjustment: the voltage at the
terminals, stator current, excitation current, active power, reactive power, frequency
- checking the thresholds of the limitation regulators under AVR and IEX working
mode
- orders of START-STOP, INCREASE-DECREASE, AUTOMATIC-MANUAL are
given with the equipment not coupled in charge.

SRATN Operating Manual

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

SRATN Operating Manual

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT

CHAPTER 1 TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

CHAPTER 1 TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

3 x 415V a.c. +/-10% , +Null / 50Hz 5%

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

The MANUAL working mode (field

a. Supply from the transformer

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

- limitation of the maximum voltage at the generator terminals accomplished by

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

AVR - IEX switching

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

The BACKUP excitation equipment has 1 impulse formation circuit - electronic

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

- PROTECTION CIRCUITS on the MAIN EXCITATION

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

1.5 Operating description

Static Breaker Test

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

- On pressing F3 - the controlled thyristor V7 - P3 will indicate voltage 10-15V.

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

- Absence of one synch phase; (the absence of 1 synchronization phase is assessed on

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

STATIC EXCITATION EQUIPMENT SRAT N KENYA

S.C. ICPE ACTEL S.A.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE