CANDIDATES DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in the Project Report titled
ONLINE MONITORING OF BREATHING PATTERN, BODY TEMPERATURE
AND PPG SIGNAL of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of
Technology in Control & Instrumentation Engineering, from Instrumentation and
Control Department of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National institute of Technology, Jalandhar
is an authentic record of my own work carried out from July 2014 to June 2015 under the
supervision of Mrs Roop Pahuja and Dr. S. K. Phuja Department of Instrumentation
and Control Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National institute of Technology.
The matter presented in this dissertation report has been not submitted by me for the
award of any other degree of this Institute or any other Institute.
Place: Jalandhar
Date:

RAMAWATAR MEENA

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of
my knowledge.
Mrs. Roop Pahuja
(Associate Professor)

Dr. S. K. Pahuja
(Associate Professor)

The final viva-voce examination of Mr. Ramawatar Meena was conducted successfully
on.................... and accepted for the award of M.Tech. Degree.

External Examiner Dissertation Guide

Head of the Department

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First and the foremost, I wish to place on record our deep sense of gratitude to my Guides
Mrs. Roop Pahuja and Dr. S. K. Pahuja Department of Instrumentation and Control
Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, for
their valuable advices and guidance. Both were generous and kind in providing the
necessary support and guidance for consistent improvements.
I would also like to thank Dr. Dilbag Singh, Associate professor & Head, Department
of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute
of Technology, Jalandhar, for providing necessary co-operation from the department.
I am grateful to all our faculty members and other staff members of Instrumentation and
Control Engineering Department for their suggestions and constant encouragement.
With a grateful heart, I acknowledge my friends and classmates who help me a lot. Once
again, I would like to thank my family for their blessings and endless support.

Dated:

Ramawatar Meena

ii

CONTENTS

CONTENTS NAME

PAGE
NO.

CANDIDATES DECLARATION

CERTIFICATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ii

CONTENTS

iii-v

LIST OF FIGURES

vi-vii

LIST OF TABLE

viii

LIST OF ACRONYMS

ix

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER NO. 1 INTRODUCTION

1-10

1.1 BREATHING AND BREATHING RATE

1.2 DETECTION OF BREATHING

1.2.1 Using a high precision single point infrared sensor

1.2.2 Using pressure sensor, thermistor temperature sensor and a

Microphone
1.2.3 Using a miniature device consisting of an omnidirectional

microphone and aluminum conical bell

1.2.4 Using infrared imaging

1.2.5 Using remotely enhanced hand-computer interaction device

1.3 PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPHY (PPG)

1.3.1 Types of PPG

3
5

1.4 HEART RATE

1.5 RELATION BETWEEN BREATHING RATE AND HEART RATE

1.6 DATA ACQUITION

1.7 THESIS OBJECTIVE

1.8 ORGNISATION OF THESIS

CHAPTER 2: LITRETURE SURVEY

11-15

iii

CHAPTER 3: SYETEM HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

16-25

3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

16

3.2 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SYSTEM HARDWARE

16

3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HARDWARE DESIGN TO BREATHING

17

AND BODY TEMPERATURE DETECTION

3.3.1 LM35 temperature sensor

17

3.3.2 AD620 amplifier

18

3.3.2.1 Pin diagram

19

3.3.2.2 Gain selection

20

3.3.3 Low pass filter

20

3.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF HARDWARE DESIGN FOR PPG

20

DETECTION
3.4.1 PPG Sensors

21

3.4.1.1 IR Transmitter OEP 5794

21

3.4.1.2 IR Receiver BPV10F

21

3.4.2 Current to voltage converter

21

3.4.2.1 LT1006 operational amplifier

22

3.5 DAQ SYSTEM

22

3.4.1 Physical input/output signal

24

3.4.2 DAQ Device /hardware

24

3.4.3 Driver software

24

3.4.4 Application software

25

CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND DESIGN METHODOLOGY

26-31

4.1 SYSTEM SOFTWARE

26

4.2 INTRODUCTION TO LabVIEW

26

4.2.1 Dataflow programming

26

4.2.2 Graphical programming

26

4.3 FLOW CHART OF SYSTEM ALGORITHM

4.4 FLOW CHART IMPLEMENTATION IN LabVIEW

29

4.4.1 Sensoers data acquition

29

4.4.2 Calculation of breathing rate and body temperature

30

iv

4.4.3 Calculation of heart rate from ppg signal

CHAPTER 5 EXPEREMENTALWORK AND RESULTS

30
32-40

5.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

32

5.2 HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT

32

5.3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

33

5.4 FRONT PANEL FOR ONLINE MONITORING

33

5.5 PHYSIOLOGICAL RESULTS IN NORMAL CONDITION

34

5.5.1 Breathing signal of subject in normal state

35

5.5.2 Body temperature of subject in normal state

35

5.5.3 PPG Signal of subject in normal state

36

5.6 RESULTS AFTER EXERCISE OF SUBJECT

36

5.6.1 Breathing signal of subject after exercise

37

5.6.2 body temperature of subject after exercise

37

5.6.3 PPG Signal of subject after exercise

38

5.7 COMPARISON OF THE SIGNALS IN NORMAL AND AFTER

38

EXERCISE STATE
5.7.1 Comparison between breathing patterns in both states

38

5.7.2 Comparison between body temperatures in both states

39

5.7.3 comparison between PPG signals in both sates

39

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

41-42

REFERENCES

43-44

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE OF FIGURE

PAGE

NO.

NO.

1.1

Optical property of human body

1.2

PPG signal with AC and DC components

1.3

Illustration of finger PPG

1.4

Transmitted type PPGs probe

1.5

Reflection type PPGs probe

1.6

Area of detected signal with each type of Photoplethysmograph

3.1

Block diagram of system hardware for breathing, body temperature

16

and photoplethysmograpgy(PPG)
3.2

Block diagram of hardware for breath detection and body

17

temperature
3.3

3 pin diagram of AD620

19

3.4

Block diagram of hardware for PPG detection circuit

20

3.5

General Data acquisition system

23

4.1

Flow chart of system algorithm

29

4.2

flow chart of sensors data acquisition

29

4.3

flow chart for breathing rate and body temperature

30

4.4

flow chart for heart rate calculation

31

5.1

System hardware development for breathing pattern, body

32

temperature and PPG signal

5.2

Representation of breathing signal, body temperature and PPG

33

signal on front panel

5.3

Results of physiological parameters of subjects

35

5.4

Breathing signal in normal state of subject

35

5.5

Body temperature of subject in normal state of subject

36

5.6

PPG signal in normal state of subject

36

5.7

Breathing signal after exercise of subject

37

vi

5.8

Body temperature after exercise of subject

37

5.9

PPG signal after exercise of subject

38

5.10

Comparison between breathing pattern of subject in normal and

38

after exercise state

5.11

Comparison between body temperatures of subject in normal and

39

after exercise state

5.12

Comparison between PPG signals of subject in normal and after

exercise state

vii

39

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE

TABLE NAME

NO.

PAGE
NO.

5.1

Status of subject for physiological parameters

34

5.2

Recorded data of subjects in resting state

34

5.3

Recoded data of subjects after exercise state

37

viii

LIST OF ACRONYMS

ACRONYMS

PAGE
NO.

FULL FORM

SAR

Socially Assistive Robotics

USB

Universal Serial Bus

IR

Infra Red

RR

Rehabilitative Robotics

PPG

Photoplethsmography

BPM

Beats Per Minute

GUI

Graphical User Interface

EEG

Electroencephalography

11

MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

11

FMRI

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

11

DAQ

Data Acquisition

12

PWV

Pulse Wave Velocity

12

CVD

cardiovascular diseases

12

OS

Operating System

14

VI

Virtual Instrumentation

15

PPM

Parts per million

18

ECG

Electrocardiography

20

Breathing Rate Per Minute

32

BRPM

ix

ABSTRACT
In thesis, a device is developed to detect breathing pattern, body temperature and PPG
signals of subjects. This device is cost efficient, Easy to use and Safe. Easy to use
addresses the user friendly nature needed for the device to be useable by the large number
of subjects. Safe addresses that device must be safe for the users. Thus the device must
be secured against the user to avoid false measurements. This device consist a LM35
temperature sensor is used to detect breathing pattern and body temperature and infrared
LED of peak wavelength 940 nm at 20 mA current and a photo transistor with similar
technical specifications to detect PPG signal.
DAQ card are used for the acquisition of signals coming from the device and processed
for further processing. A computer based online monitoring system was designed using
LabVIEW, a graphical programming language for engineering applications.
LabVIEW was used as application software in the thesis, allows developing user defined
tools for real time monitoring, data logging, data analysis, process and visualization of
data. With the increasing performance of the personal computer, computer based signal
processing systems are becoming an efficient and cost-effective way of acquiring and
analyzing these signals.
The detection of signals was done in low noise intensity indoor environment and various
algorithms were developed and then implemented using LabVIEW to calculate breathing
rate, body temperature and PPG signal.