Maths Quest 9 - Chapter 1

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 1 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM
Number skills
Year
World population
1950
2 555 078 074
1960
3 039 332 401
1970
3 707 610 112
1980
4 456 705 217
1990
5 283 755 345
2000
6 080 141 683
2010
6 823 634 553
2020
7 518 010 600
2030
8 140 344 240
2040
8 668 391 454
2050
9 104 205 830
1
There are many factors
that affect the environment
of our planet. One of these
is world population.
The data supplied in the
table give the estimated or
projected world
population for the middle
of the year. In which
ten-year period did (or
will) the world population
increase the most?
In which ten-year period
is the percentage increase
the largest?
This chapter refreshes
your skills in working with
numbers expressed as
fractions, decimals,
percentages or in index
form and applying those
skills to real-life situations.
Maths Quest 9 for Victoria
Order of operations
Anton has calculated the answer to 5 + 6 4 as
44, while Marco insists that the answer is 29.
Who is correct?
In mathematics, it is important to ensure that
everybody obtains the same result from a calculation; so the order in which mathematical operations are worked is important.
The order of operations requires that:
1 all brackets are evaluated first, beginning
with the innermost brackets
2 then, all multiplication and division are
evaluated, working from left to right
3 and finally, any addition and subtraction,
working from left to right.
To obtain the correct answer to the calculation 5 + 6 4, we must complete the
operations of + and in the correct order. That is, first then +.
5+64
= 5 + 24
= 29
WORKED Example 1
Evaluate each of the following without using a calculator.
a 4 + 12 5 + 6
b 4 + 12 (5 + 6)
c 6 + 21 7
d [4 (5 + 8)] 2
THINK
WRITE
a 4 + 12 5 + 6
= 16 5 + 6
= 11 + 6
= 17
b 4 + 12 (5 + 6)
= 4 + 12 11
=5
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
Write the calculation.

Perform the addition and subtraction
from left to right.
Write the answer.
Evaluate the bracket first.
Perform the addition and subtraction
from left to right and write the answer.
Perform the division.
Perform the addition.
Remove the brackets by working the
innermost bracket first.
Divide and write the answer.
c 6 + 21 7
=6+3
=9
d [4 (5 + 8)] 2
= [4 13] 2
= 52 2
= 26
In other examples you will need to read the question carefully to interpret the correct
order of operations and the correct way to write the calculation.
Chapter 1 Number skills
WORKED Example 2
Mum bought 2 packets of Easter eggs to hide
in the garden for her 4 children to find. Each
packet contained 20 eggs. While she was
hiding them, the dog ate 4 eggs, Dad ate 3,
and 1 was squashed. If all the other eggs were
found, and each child found the same number
of eggs, how many eggs did each child have?
THINK
1
WRITE
Write a mathematical sentence showing

what happened. Find the total number of
eggs and subtract the number that were
eaten or squashed. Then divide by the
number of children looking for eggs.
Use order of operations to solve the
problem.
Write the answer in a sentence.
[2 20 (4 + 3 + 1)] 4
= (2 20 8) 4
= [40 8] 4
= 32 4
=8
Each child found 8 eggs.
remember
remember
Evaluate in the following order.
1. Brackets first, beginning with the innermost pair, then working through to the
outermost pair.
2. Multiplication and division in order from left to right.
3. Addition and subtraction in order from left to right.
1A
Order of operations
1 Evaluate each of the following without using a calculator.

a 3 + 12 5 + 6
b 7 + 5 11 + 2 3
1
d 18 11 + 4 + 12 14
e 25 + 5 10 + 2 10
g 10 6 4 2
h 18 4 3 0
j 25 5 6
k 8243
m 16 + 2 5
n 80 2 + 28
p (4 + 6) 8
q (35 11) 6
s 12 (9 3)
t 75 (12 + 13)
Math
Example
10 2 3 + 4
32 8 + 6 7 5
80 4 5
72 2 6 3
12 14 0
(7 + 2 3) 8
Order of
operations
Math
cad
c
f
i
l
o
r
cad
WORKED
Ascending and
descending
order
Mat
d
hca
Adding
whole
numbers DIY
Mat
d
hca
Subtracting
whole
numbers DIY
Mat
d
hca
Multiplying
whole
numbers DIY
Mat
d
hca
Dividing
whole
WORKED
numbers Example
2
DIY
2 multiple choice
a What is 12 (4 + 2) 8 equal to?
A 10
B 12
C 9
b What is 36 3 4 + 2 equal to?
A 2
B 72
C 50
c What is 8 5 + 3 (8 5) is equal to?
A 49
B 192
C 59
D 8
E 1
D 5
E 10
D 129
E 339
3 Evaluate each of the following.

a 8 9 10 6
b 14 (3 + 2) 7
c 72 (2 + 7 1)
d 80 5 60 6
e 35 (8 + 4 6 2)
f (13 3) 2 + 4 6
g (17 12) 5 2
h (14 + 7 8) 6
i [14 + (2 6 3)] 4
j [(2 + 1) 7 3 5] 6 3
k {[(3 + 9) 12] + 4 4} 17
l {40 [(8 + 2) 3 5]} 5
m 16 4 + 24 6 + 5 5 19
n 108 4 (4 4) 4
o {11 + (4 + 3) 2 + 5 6 + (8 2) 5} 4
p [16 3 2 + 40 4 2 3 11 + 14] 5 + (6 2 + 4) 2 (7 5 + 2)
4 Takiko has brought 3 packs of nut biscuits to share with the 20 members of her class. If
each pack contains 12 nut biscuits and 3 girls and 5 boys are allergic to nuts or dont eat
biscuits, so dont have any; how many nut buscuits will each of the other class members
receive?
5 The Wimbletons wanted to buy a

tennis racquet for each of their
3 children. The normal price of
a racquet is $100 but the shop
is offering a special deal. If two
racquets are bought at the same
time, the price is reduced by $25
for each one. If the Wimbletons
buy one at the normal price and two
on the special deal, how much do they
pay altogether? Write an equation to
show how you could have found the answer.
Integers
Integers include positive whole numbers, negative whole numbers and zero. They can
be represented on the number line.
5 4 3 2
The rules for using integers are:

Rule 1 When adding integers with the same sign, keep the sign and add; 3 + 2 = 5.
Rule 2 When adding integers with different signs, find the difference and use the sign
of the number further from zero; 3 + 4 = 1.
Rule 3 When subtracting integers, add the opposite; 5 7 = 12.
Rule 4 When multiplying integers, the following rules are obeyed.
(a) Positive Positive = Positive
5 8 = 40
(b) Positive Negative = Negative
5 8 = 40
(c) Negative Positive = Negative
5 8 = 40
(d) Negative Negative = Positive
5 8 = 40
Rule 5 When dividing integers, use the same rules as for multiplication.
(a) 16 2
=8
(b) 16 2
= 8
(c) 16 2
= 8
(d) 16 8 = 2
WORKED Example 3
Calculate each of the following without the use of a calculator and using the correct order
of operations.
a 15 5 3
b 7 + 5 8
c 4 60 (4 6)
THINK
WRITE
a 15 5 3
= 75 3
= 25
b 7 + 5 8
= 2 8
=2+8
= 10
c 4 60 (4 6)
= 4 60 10
= 4 6
=4+6
= 10
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
4

Multiplication and division are the only
operations; so work from left to right.
Addition and subtraction are the only
operations; so work from left to right.
Work the brackets.
Perform the division.
Perform the subtraction.
WORKED Example 4
Insert operation signs to make this equation true.
5 K 3 K 4 K 1 = 2
(Trial and error is a suitable method.)
THINK
WRITE
5 3 4 1 = 3 2
1 The answer (2) is less than the first
number in the question; so try subtraction.
5 3 4 + 1 = 1 2
2 The result of the first try (3) is a little too
small; so change the last sign to +.
5341
3 The result of the second try (1) is too big;
so try multiplying the last digit, which is 1,
=534
remembering to use the order of operations.
= 2
remember
remember
1. When adding integers with the same sign, keep the sign and add.
2. When adding integers with different signs, find the difference and use the sign
of the number further from zero.
3. When subtracting integers, add the opposite; for example 5 7 = 12.
4. When multiplying and dividing integers, like signs give positive answers,
unlike signs give negative answers.
5. When using order of operations, evaluate brackets before multiplication and
division, then evaluate addition and subtraction.
1B
1.1
SkillS
HEET
1 Calculate each of the following without the use of a calculator and using the correct
order of operations.
3a
a 7 + 12
b 14 + 7
c 18 8
d 25 24 2
e 2 3 6
f 7 11 + 5
g 14 15 + 11
h 13 19 6 + 9
i 10 2 5
j 6 3 2
k 4 3 5
l 64 16 4
m 12 4 16
n 120 10 2
o 36 6 5
p 6 1 10 4
WORKED
Example
1.2
Example
Mat
d
hca
Order of
operations
with integers
et
reads
L Sp he
EXCE
3b
a 8 + 7 + 3
b 15 18 + 8
c 6 + 7 + 10
d 6 7
e 5 2
f 7 2 7
g 4 + 8 5
h 7 13
i 9 + 9 9
j 4 + 6 + 2 1 k 3 6 10 + 5
WORKED
SkillS
HEET
Integers
Arithmetic
timer
3 multiple choice
a 7 8 + 2 3 is equal to:
A 2
B 16
C 14
b 12 8 4 2 is equal to:
A 12
B 12
C 48
c 9 + 5 4 + 2 1 is equal to:
A 9
B 1
C 23
D 20
E 0
D 48
E 316
D 11
E 1
3c
a 3 + 3 3
b 9 2 6
c 15 5 5
d 705
e 6 (0 6)
f 14 2 2 10 g 2 6 3
h 8 + 2 5
i 3857
j 12 3 4
k 0 3 6 + 6 l 90 5 26
m 5 (3 + 5) + 7
n 128 16 + 3 5
o (3 + 7) 2 + 4
p 60 4 3 43
q 28 2 (2 5)
r 56 7 + 70 10
s 94 2 + 3 3
t 14 4 (5 + 6)
WORKED
Example
5 multiple choice
a What does 5 4 10 6 equal?
A 40
B 40
C 80
D 80
E 180
b What does 5 (4 10) 6 equal?
A 420
B 420
C 180
D 180
E 40
c (2 4) (8 5 4) is equal to:
A 244
B 216
C 16
D 48
E 72
d 64 8 8 is equal to:
A 4
B 4
C 0
D 16
E 16
e The correct operation signs to make 2 K 5 K 2 K 5 = 3 a true statement are:
A , ,
B , +, +
C , , +
D , +,
E , , +
6 Insert operation signs to make these equations true:
a 5 K 6 = 11
b 7 K 4 = 28
4
d 7 K 3 = 4
e 3K4K5=2
g 5 K 4 K 10 = 2
h 6 K 3K 3 = 0
j 2 K 3 K 5 K 4 = 26
k 16 K 8 K 8 = 6
m 12 K 18 K 2 = 21
n 8 K 4 K 2 = 0
p 5 K 2 K 3 K 3 = 2
WORKED
Example
c
f
i
l
o
18 K 2 = 9
7 K 2 K 3 = 17
8 K 5 K 2 = 2
12 K 18 K 2 = 21
10 K 3 K 4 K 2 = 0
GAME
time
7 Thanh stands on a cliff top 68 m above sea level and drops a stone into the water.
It stops on the bottom 27 m below sea level. How far has the stone fallen?
Number skills
001
8 The temperature range in Melbourne on 29 April was 7C. If the maximum temperature
was 15C, what was the minimum temperature?
Golf scores
In golf, par is the number of strokes considered necessary to complete a hole in
expert play. A birdie is a score of one stroke under par and a bogey is one stroke
over par. An eagle is a score of 2 strokes under par while 3 strokes under par is
called an albatross. A double bogey is 2 strokes over par and a triple bogey is
3 strokes over par.
1 Use integers to represent:
a par
b a birdie
c a bogey
d an eagle
e an albatross
f a double bogey
g a triple bogey.
2 Which score for a hole would be the most difficult to achieve?
3 Leon and Dion have finished a round of 18 holes with the following information
shown on their scorecards.
Leon
pars
birdies
bogeys
eagles
double bogeys
albatrosses
triple bogeys
Final score
Dion
4
3
6
1
2
0
2
pars
birdies
bogeys
eagles
double bogeys
albatrosses
triple bogeys
Final score
6
2
4
0
2
1
3
What integer represents each persons final score as a number of strokes over,
under or at par?
4 Who wins this round of golf?
5 Two professional golfers achieve overall final scores for 18 holes of 8 and 6.
a What does this mean?
b Who achieved a better score for this round of golf?
c How many strokes did each player make for the 18 holes if the course is
considered to be a par 71 course?
Estimation and rounding

Rounding to a given number of decimal places
Ms Shoppers bill at the supermarket comes to $94.68 and she pays $94.70. Mr
Shoppers bill is $83.72 and he pays $83.70. The bills have been rounded to the nearest
5 cents because the 5-cent is the smallest coin used. Ms Shoppers bill has been
rounded up because 68 cents is closer to 70 cents than to 65 cents. Mr Shoppers bill
has been rounded down because 72 cents is closer to 70 cents than to 75 cents.
Measuring distances is another one of the many practical situations where it is
necessary to round an answer to a given number of decimal places. For example, the
distance between two towns is given to the nearest kilometre. It is not practical or
useful to the average motorist that the distance between Melbourne and Sydney by a
certain route is 1024.352 km. We give the distance simply as 1024 km.
The accuracy of measurement is limited by what is practical and by the accuracy of
the instrument being used to take the measurement. For example, with your ruler it would
not be possible to measure anything more accurately than to the nearest millimetre.
The measurement 5.6713 cm 5.7 cm because 5.6713 is closer to 5.7 than it is to
5.6. The rounded answer, 5.7, is the closest approximation to the exact answer.
To round an answer to a given number of decimal places, consider only the first
digit after the required number of decimal places.
If that digit is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, then leave it and all following digits out of the answer.
If that digit is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, then the last digit to be written is increased by
1 and all else is left out.
Many calculators are able to round off using the
FIX function.
On some scientific calculators, you need to press

MODE first.
On a TI graphics calculator, press MODE , arrow

down to the second row, then arrow across to
highlight the number that corresponds to the required
number of decimal places. Press ENTER to set this
rounding condition. To undo this operation, press MODE , arrow down to highlight
FLOAT and press ENTER .
Any rounded answer is not an exact answer but a close approximation.
WORKED Example 5
Round 15.439 657 to:

a 1 decimal place
b 3 decimal places.
THINK
WRITE
a 1 Write the number.
a 15.439 657
Look
at
the
second
decimal
place
to
determine
whether
to
15.4
2
leave it or to round it up. The digit is 3; so rewrite the number
without all digits after the first decimal place.
b 1 Write the number.
b 15.439 657
15.440
2 Look at the fourth decimal place to determine whether to
leave it or to round it up. The digit is 6; so increase the third
decimal place by 1. Note: Adding 1 to 9 gives 10, thus 439
becomes 440 and the zero must be included.
Note: The more decimal places, the closer the approximation is to the exact answer.
10
There were 70 000 people at the Melbourne Cricket Ground for Australias one-day match
against the West Indies.
Rounding to a given number of significant figures

Although the caption describes a crowd of 70 000, in reality there may have been
70 246 people. The number has been rounded to 1 significant figure because the rest
of the number, 246, has no impact on our image of the size of the crowd. When using
very large or very small numbers, rounding to a given number of significant figures is
often used.
To round to 1 significant figure means having only 1 non-zero digit beginning from
the left with the other digits being zeros. The number 367 rounded to 1 significant
figure is 400 because 367 is closer to 400 than to 300.
To write 452 correct to 2 significant figures, we need to consider whether 452 is
closer to 450 or 460. It is closer to 450, and 4 and 5 are the 2 significant figures.
The method of deciding whether to leave or round up is the same as rounding to a
number of decimal places.
WORKED Example 6
Round 347 629 to:

a 1 significant figure
b 3 significant figures.
THINK
WRITE
a 1 Write the number.
a 347 629
300 000
2 Look at the second significant figure to determine whether to
leave it or to round it up. The digit is 4, so rewrite the number,
replacing all digits after the first significant figure with zeros.
b 1 Write the number.
b 347 629
Look
at
the
fourth
significant
figure
to
determine
whether
to
it
348 000
2
leave or to round it up. The digit is 6 so write the answer by
adding 1 to the third digit and replace all other digits with zeros.
11
Note: The more significant figures taken, the closer the approximation is to the exact
answer.
When the first non-zero significant figure appears after the decimal point, any zeros
before that figure are not significant.
WORKED Example 7
Round 0.004 502 6 to 3 significant figures.
THINK
1
2
WRITE
Write the number.

The first significant figure is the 4.
Round to 3 significant figures
beginning with the 4. The last zero
must be included in the answer because
it is one of the significant figures.
0.004 502 6
0.004 50
Estimation
Rounding is also used when making an estimation or mental approximation of an
answer. Estimation is a method of checking the reasonableness of an answer or a calculator computation. We can estimate an answer by rounding the numbers in the question
to simple numbers that can be calculated mentally.
WORKED Example 8
Estimate answers to the following without calculating the exact answer.
a 31 58
b 46 679 + 2351 65
THINK
WRITE
a 31 58
30 60
= 1800
b 46 679 + 2351 65
50 000 + 2000 70
= 50 000 + 140 000
= 190 000
1
2
3
1
2
3

Round each number to 1 significant figure.
Perform the mental calculation.
Round each number to 1 significant figure.
Perform the mental calculation.
remember
remember
1. When rounding to a given number of decimal places, count only those places
after the decimal point.
2. When rounding to a given number of significant figures, begin counting from
the first non-zero digit.
3. A quick mental estimation can be used to check the accuracy of calculations.
4. Rounding is often used to convey a concept of size rather than an exact number.
12
1C
Estimation and rounding
1 Round the following to: i 1 decimal place ii 2 decimal places iii 3 decimal places.
a 5.893 27
b 67.805 629 c 712.137 84 d 81.053 72
e 504.896 352
5
2 Round the following to 0 decimal places. (To 0 decimal places means to the nearest
whole number.)
a 25.68
b 317.19
c 1027.8
d 19.53
WORKED
Example
3 Round the following to 1 decimal place.

a 3047.2735 b 24.7392
c 8.2615
EXCE
et
reads
L Sp he
Rounding WORKED
Example
and
6
significant
figures DIY
d
hca
4 Round the following to: i 1 ii 2 iii 3 iv 4 significant figures.

a 574 248
b 430 968
c 28 615
d 1 067 328
e 458 610
5 Round the numbers in question 2 to 2 significant figures.
6 Round the following correct to 3 significant figures.

a 0.085 246
b 0.000 580 4
7
d 0.006 765 73
e 0.000 026 973
WORKED
Mat
Example
Rounding
c
f
0.000 008 067 3

0.000 352 1
7 Estimate answers to the following without calculating the exact answer.

a 183 58
b 78 11
c 632 + 169
d 1010 98
8
e 17 19
f 476 8 + 52
g (51 + 68) 12 h 68 + 19 9
i 5 (78 59)
j 42 8 + 18 5
k 176 18 + 689 7
397
l
m 473 248
n 657 239 49
o 12 345 + 549 146
WORKED
Example
Mat
Estimation
1.1
9 Each of the 178 students who attend the Year 9 Social has to pay $55. If the cost of
hiring the band is $1000, estimate how much money would be available to pay for the
supper and the security people.
QUEST
EN
M AT H
ET
SHE
8 multiple choice
a The number 49.954 correct to 1 decimal place is:
A 49.9
B 49.0
C 50
D 50.0
E 50.1
b The number 3 056 084 correct to 3 significant figures is:
A 3 050 000 B 3 056 000 C 3 057 000 D 306
E 3 060 000
c The number 0.008 065 3 correct to 3 significant figures is:
A 0.008
B 0.008 065 C 0.008 06
D 0.008 07
E 0.806
d A number rounded to 2 decimal places is 6.83. The original number could have been:
A 6.835
B 6.831
C 6.8372
D 6.85
E 6.8
GE
d
hca
Work
d 19.9804
CH
AL
1 In 1832, a young runner named Mensen Ehrnot reportedly ran nearly

8950 km over a 59-day period. On each of those days he ran 16 hours
and rested for 8 hours. Estimate how many kilometres he ran, on
average, per hour.
2 In the hundred consecutive whole numbers from 1 to 100, how many
times does each of the ten digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 occur?
MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 13 Wednesday, September 19, 2001 8:34 AM
13
1
1 Evaluate 9 13 14.
2 Evaluate 8 8 4.
3 Evaluate (13 + 5 7) 12.
4 Evaluate 25 + 10 50.
5 Evaluate 84 12 3.
6 Evaluate 18 + (9 + 11) 14.
7 Insert signs to make the following equation true. 5 K 21 K 7 K 5 = 20
8 Round 1.746 582 to 4 decimal places.
9 Round 0.006 059 9 to 4 significant figures.
10 Give an estimate for 78 + 43 + 55 86.
Decimal numbers
Decimal numbers are so much a part of everyday life that we need to be able to use
them, put them in order and convert them to simple fractions and percentages.
When using either your graphics calculator or a scientific calculator, enter the calculation as written and the calculator will perform the calculation using the correct order
of operations. There are, however, many things that we need to be able to do ourselves
with decimals without the aid of a calculator.
Ordering decimal numbers

Ascending order means from lowest to highest and descending order means from
highest to lowest. This is done by first writing each number with the same number of
decimal places, adding zeros where necessary. We then look at the left-most digit. The
greater this digit, the greater the decimal number. If the left-most digits are the same,
we move to the next digit, and so on.
WORKED Example 9
Write the following decimal numbers in ascending order:
0.66, 0.606, 0.6.
THINK
WRITE
1
2
Write the numbers.

Write all numbers with the largest
number of decimal places, in this case
3, then compare.
Write the original numbers in
ascending order after looking at the
second and third decimal places.
0.66, 0.606, 0.6

0.660, 0.606, 0.600
0.6, 0.606, 0.66
14
Finite or terminating decimal numbers

Finite decimal numbers have a fixed or finite number of decimal places and can be
written as a fraction with a denominator that is a multiple of 10. If the decimal number
has 1 decimal place, the denominator of the fraction is 10; if there are 2 decimal places,
the denominator is 100; if there are 3 decimal places, the denominator is 1000 and so
on. In each case the numerator is the decimal number without the decimal point. These
fractions are simplified where possible.
WORKED Example 10
Convert each of the following to fractions in simplest form:
a 0.65
b 1.2
c 0.6275.
THINK
WRITE
a 1 Write the decimal number.
a 0.65
13
There are 2 decimal places, so write as a fraction

with a denominator of 100 and simplify by
cancelling. (You may use a calculator to simplify.)
Write the answer.
Write the decimal number.
There is 1 decimal place, so write as a fraction with a

denominator of 10 and simplify by cancelling. (You
may use a calculator to simplify.)
Write the answer as a mixed number.
There are 4 decimal places, so write the fraction with

a denominator of 10 000 and simplify. (You may use
a calculator to simplify.)
6275
= --------------------400
10 000
Write the answer.
251
= --------400
65
= -----------20
100
13
= -----20
b 1.2
6
12
= -------510
1
= 1 --5
c 0.6275
251
Converting decimal numbers to percentages

To convert a decimal number to a percentage, we multiply the decimal number by 100
and include the % sign.
WORKED Example 11
Convert 0.357 to a percentage.
THINK
1
2

Multiply the decimal number by 100 by moving the
decimal point 2 places to the right. Remember to include
the percentage sign.
WRITE
0.357
= (0.357 100)%
= 35.7%
15
remember
remember
1. To order decimal numbers, write each with the same number of decimal places
and compare.
2. To write finite decimal numbers as fractions, make the denominator an
appropriate multiple of 10 and simplify where possible. The number of zeros in
the denominator should be the same as the number of digits after the decimal
point.
3. To convert a decimal number to a percentage, multiply by 100 and include the
percentage sign.
Decimal numbers
c
f
i
l
Math
5.6 7.04
(8.6 4.4) 7 Operations
with
7.2 0.12 6
decimal
6.2 + 3.5 2
numbers
cad
1 Calculate each of the following.

a 6.56 + 3.214
b 4.87 2.493
d 5.75 0.25
e (4.5 + 2.1) 3.5
g 4.8 2.16 0.18
h 3.2 (6.4 + 0.78)
j 7.2 (0.12 6)
k 5.8 (3.1 0.4)
HEET
1.4
3 Write each of the following sets of decimal numbers in ascending order.

a 0.66, 0.4, 0.71
b 2.3, 0.23, 23
c 0.7, 1.32, 1.04
d 1.02, 1.1, 1.22
e 0.5, 0.56, 0.06
f 0.323, 0.4, 0.35
HEET
1.5
SkillS
Example
1.3
SkillS
2 Calculate each of the following, rounding your answers to 2 decimal places.

a 6.46 2.356
b 8.12 5.4 9.6
c 8 0.35 + 2.1
d (6.509 + 4.804) 0.341 e 3.2 4.057 13.91 2.43
WORKED
HEET
SkillS
1D
4 Write each of the following sets of decimal numbers in descending order.

a 0.24, 0.204, 0.2004
b 0.062, 0.081, 0.11
c 0.7, 0.77, 0.707
d 0.082, 0.09, 0.0802
e 1.2304, 1.23, 1.204
f 0.359, 0.39, 0.3592
5 multiple choice
a The expression 6.43 2.356 (2.1 0.365) correct to 2 decimal places is equal to:
A 0.36
B 6.85
C 87.31
D 8.73
E 6.84
b The false statement is:
A 0.67 < 0.7
B 0.506 < 0.51
C 0.735 > 0.73
D 0.203 < 1.3
E 0.085 > 0.85
c The expression 0.9 + 6.5 0.004 1.2 0.6 is equal to:
A 1.074
B 2.874
C 2.64
D 20.874
E 0.84
d A good estimate for 5.2 0.2 + 1.18 0.012 is:
A 101
B 11
C 110
D 99.373
E 1010
WORKED
11
7 Convert each of the following to percentages.

a 0.72
b 0.31
c 0.89
d 0.57
f 0.06
g 0.782
h 0.6175
i 0.0094
k 1.602
l 11
m 2.3
n 5.75
e 0.9
j 1.35
o 2.485
L Spread
XCE
Converting
decimals to
percentages
HEET
1.6
SkillS
Converting
decimals to
fractions
sheet
Example
L Spread
XCE
HEET
SkillS
10
6 Convert each of the following to fractions in simplest form.

a 0.9
b 0.6
c 0.16
d 0.27
e 0.78
f 0.15
g 0.08
h 1.5
i 2.84
j 0.125
k 0.484
l 0.963
m 0.775
n 0.0625
o 0.8875
sheet
Example
WORKED
1.7
16
8 multiple choice
a In simplest form and as a fraction 0.3125 is equal to:
3125
5
A --------------B 31.25
C ----D 31 1--410 000
16
b As a percentage 0.0875 is equal to:
7
-%
A 0.875%
B 8.75%
C 87.5%
D ----80
c The number 0.656 25 is equal to:
--------------------A 13
B 53
C 11
D 21
20
80
16
32
13
-----40
E 875%
E
5
--8
9 Francis is paid $11.50 an hour for babysitting. If he works for 7 hours over the
weekend, how much does he earn altogether?
QUEST
GE
EN
M AT H
10 Yvette babysits for

5 hours after school
each Friday. She is
paid $10 an hour.
a How much does
she earn each
week?
b If she banks $3.25
of the money each
week, how much
does she have left
to spend?
CH
AL
1 Allison, Bhiba, Chris and Dinesh ordered one box of apples to share
equally between them. However, no one was present when the box was
1
delivered. Allison arrived and took --4- of the apples. Later, Bhiba came
1
and took --3- of the apples left in the box. Then Chris came and did the
same. Finally Dinesh arrived and took his rightful share of the
remaining apples. If 9 apples remained in the box, how many apples
were in the box originally?
2 Mitchell has mown 0.6 of the lawn. He still has 50 m2 of lawn to mow.
What is the total area of the lawn?
3 A train 0.5 km long is travelling at a speed of 80 km/h. How long will it
take the train to go completely through a tunnel which is 1.5 km long?
17
What type of creatur
creature
e is a KATYDID
KATYDID
and where
where are
are its ears?
Answer the decimal questions to

find the puzzles code.
3
= 8.6
4.9
as a decimal
= 2.8 + 3.6
=
= 0.5 8.4
=
= 10% as a decimal
=
= 0.3 + 0.4
=
= 93% as a decimal
=
= 5 0.3
=
23
50
as a decimal
= 12.7
9.87
= 8.34
6.54
20
= 6.3 0.63
=
= 1.2 0.8
=
= 22% as a decimal
=
= 0.67
+ 0.53
= 60% as a decimal
=
= 12 0.5
=
= 1.1 0.8
=
= 0.2 20
=
= 0.87
+ 1.33
= 1.64 0.4
=
= 5.26 + 1.87
=
= 51% as a decimal
=
1.6
0.95
= 6 0.8
=
17
as a decimal
= 4.5
1.2
=
as a decimal
2.374
+ 3.926
as a decimal
7.63
3.23
as a decimal
5.4
2.5
4.0
3.7
1.8 0.46 2.2 0.375 4.8
4.1 0.93 0.75 7.13 0.88 0.6
0.1 0.51 4.2
0.22
24
1.5 0.65
0.4
10
0.8
0.7
6.3
6.4
4.4
1.2 4.25 2.83 0.35
18
Fractions
There are many essential skills that you will need with fractions. You can review them
in the exercise below and by the matching SkillSHEET. You should be able to simplify
fractions and convert between improper fractions and mixed numbers. You should also
be able to use your calculator efficiently.
an answer
Graphics Calculator tip! Obtaining
expressed as a fraction
As with any calculation involving fractions, if you

wish to have an answer expressed as a fraction then
each calculation needs to end by pressing MATH ,
selecting 1: Frac and pressing ENTER .
------ on your graphics calcuFor example, to simplify 28
44
lator, enter 28 44 then press MATH choose option
1: Frac, then press ENTER . This can be seen in the
screen at right.
Note: The graphics calculator gives all answers as improper fractions and will not give
answers as mixed numbers.
It is important that we know how to perform calculations using fractions both with
and without a calculator.
Without a calculator, we would simplify
28
-----44
by dividing both the numerator and the
denominator by the highest common factor (HCF) of both. The HCF of 28 and 44 is 4.
7
28
28
------ = --------11
44
44
7
= -----11
WORKED Example 12
Evaluate the following.
a 3--4- + 5--6b
3
--4
5
--6
c 2 1--4-
3
--5
THINK
WRITE
5
--6
Write both fractions with the same

denominator by using equivalent fractions.
9
-----12
Add the fractions and simplify the answer

by writing it as a mixed number.
19
-----12
Write the fraction calculation.
2
3
Write the fraction calculation and cancel

where applicable.
Multiply numerators and multiply

denominators.
3
--4
7
= 1 ----12
31
----4
5
----62
5
--8
10
-----12
THINK
WRITE
c 2 1--4-
19
3
--5
Write the fraction calculation.
Change the mixed number to an improper fraction.
9
--4
Times and tip, (change the division sign to a multiplication

sign and tip the second fraction) and cancel.
93
----4
Multiply numerators and multiply denominators; then

simplify the answer by writing the fraction as a mixed
number.
15
-----4
3
--5
5
----31
= 3 3--4-
Graphics Calculator tip! Fraction calculations
To perform the calculations in worked example 12 on

a graphics calculator, the following steps need to be
followed:
(a) Enter 3 4 + 5 6, press MATH , choose
1: Frac then press ENTER . The result is given
------ . The graphics calculator gives all answers as
as 19
12
improper fractions.
(b) Enter 3 4 5 6, press MATH , choose 1: Frac then press ENTER .
(c) Enter (2 + 1 4) (3 5), press MATH , choose 1: Frac then press ENTER .
WORKED Example 13
Find
3
--7
of 98.
THINK
1 Write the calculation.
2
3
WRITE
3
--- of 98
7
Change the of to , write the whole number over 1 and

cancel if applicable.
Multiply numerators and multiply denominators.
3
----71
98 14
----------1
= 42
Writing fractions with the same denominator allows us to compare the size of fractions.
WORKED Example 14
Write the fractions 2--3- , 8--9- ,
5
--6
in ascending order.
THINK
1 Write the fractions.
2
3
Write all fractions as equivalent fractions by finding the

lowest common denominator, in this case 18.
Rewrite the original fractions in the correct order.
WRITE
2 8 5
--- , --- , --3 9 6
=
12 16 15
------ , ------ , -----18 18 18
= 2--3- , 5--6- ,
8
--9
20
Another way of writing fractions in order is to convert each fraction to a decimal

number before comparing them.
Converting fractions to decimal numbers

To convert a fraction to a decimal number, divide the numerator by the denominator.
WORKED Example 15
Convert
7
--8
to a decimal number.
THINK
1 Write the fraction.
WRITE
7
--8
Divide the numerator by the denominator.
0.875
8 ) 7.000
Write the fraction and the equivalent decimal number.
7
--8
= 0.875
Converting fractions to percentages

To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply the fraction by 100 and include the % sign.
WORKED Example 16
Convert
23
-----40
to a percentage.
THINK
1 Write the fraction.
WRITE
23
-----40
23
-
= ( ------2
Multiply by 100, include the percentage sign and

cancel if applicable.
Multiply the numerators and multiply the denominators.
Simplify by writing as a mixed number.
= 57 1--2- %
40
100 5
----------1
)%
115
--------- %
2
remember
remember
1. To write fractions in simplest form, divide the numerator and the denominator by the
highest common factor (HCF) of both.
2. To change improper fractions to mixed numbers, divide the numerator by the denominator
and express the remainder as a fraction in simplest form.
3. To change a mixed number into an improper fraction, multiply the whole number by the
denominator, add the numerator and write the result over the denominator.
4. To add or subtract fractions, form equivalent fractions with the same denominator, then
add or subtract the numerators.
5. To multiply fractions, cancel if possible, then multiply the numerators, multiply the
denominators and simplify if appropriate.
6. To divide fractions, times and tip, then simplify if possible.
7. To add, subtract, multiply or divide mixed numbers, change the mixed numbers to improper
fractions first. (When subtracting, an alternative method is to make the second fraction into
a whole number after writing the fractions with the same denominator.)
8. To write fractions in order, express them as equivalent fractions and compare.
9. To find a fraction of an amount, multiply the fraction by the amount.
10. To convert a fraction to a decimal number, divide the numerator by the denominator.
11. To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply the fraction by 100 and include the % sign.
21
1E
Fractions
1 Write the following fractions in simplest form.
Simplifying
fractions
8
-----12
24
-----30
14
-----28
72
-----81
45
-----50
35
-----49
24
-----64
14
-----22
21
-----36
36
--------108
108
--------144
75
--------500
16
-----20
25
--------100
33
-----99
HEET
2 Convert the following to mixed numbers in simplest form.

22
-----5
31
-----7
49
-----4
37
-----6
21
-----9
68
-----16
55
-----20
80
-----15
98
-----10
94
-----12
HEET
3 Convert the following mixed numbers to improper fractions.
Example
h 1 5--8-
1
--4
3
--5
2
--3
5
--7
2
--5
9
-----10
7
--8
5
--9
2 1--4- + 3 1--3-
1
-----10
Example
13
WORKED
Example
14
WORKED
5
-----12
2
--7
7
-----10
3
--4
11
-----14
9
k 5 2--5- 4 ----10
n (4 1--4- + 3 3--5- )
o 1--6-
4
--5
2
--3
8
-----15
5
--8
GC pro
5
--6
Fractions
5
--6
1
--2
1.12
2
--5
l 3 7--8- 1 1--6-
HEET
HEET
1--3- 1--4-
1.13
1
--5
5 Find the following.

a
5
--8
of 72
3
--4
4
--9
of 117
7
-----10
of 28
of 150
5
--6
of 36
2
--3
1
--7
of 98
11
-----12
of 81
1
--5
of 192
3
-----16
of 65
of 480
6 Write each of the following sets of fractions in ascending order.

a
1 1 3
--- , --- , --4 2 8
3 1 7
------ , --- , -----10 3 20
1 3 1
--- , ------ , --6 20 5
7 2 13 1
------ , --- , ------ , --10 3 20 2
2 7 11 19
--- , ------ , ------ , -----5 20 25 50
7
-,
1 1--4- , 1 5--6- , 1 ----12
7
3 1 2
------ , ------ , --- , --30 15 3 5
5
5
5
------ , ------ , -----18 19 17
1--8- , 1--5- ,
31
79
------ , ------ , -------- 19
25
40
100
1
------ ,
10
2--3- ,
1--9- , 1--8- , 1--7-
5
-----16
3
-----80
5
-----32
1 1--2-
7
--------100
141
--------200
31
-----40
3
-----10
3--4- ,
4
--5
GC pro
14
-----25
9
-----20
4
--5
3
--4
1
--4
7 2
------ , --- ,
10 3
7 Convert each of the following fractions to a decimal number.
11
-----16
Converting
fractions to
decimals
L Spread
XCE
Converting
fractions to
decimals
sheet
15
5
-----12
gram
Example
1.11
-----3 14
17
4 Evaluate the following.
m 6 3--4- 3 1--2WORKED
-----5 13
20
HEET
9
e 3 ----10
SkillS
9
g 2 ----11
d 5 5--6-
gram
12
9 1--3-
WORKED
5 6--7-
SkillS
b 4 4--5-
1.10
SkillS
a 3 3--4-
1.9
SkillS
1.8
SkillS
HEET
SkillS
cad
Math
22
EXCE
et
reads
L Sp he
Converting
fractions to
percentages
WORKED
Example
16
8 Convert each of the following fractions to a percentage.

a
1
--4
1
--5
3
--8
7
-----16
79
--------100
18
-----25
59
-----80
11
-----20
5
--6
7
--9
5
--7
4
-----11
Mat
d
hca
Converting
fractions to
decimals or
percentages
9 multiple choice
a The fraction
A
112
--------192
9
-----16
is equal to:
B
25
-----48
5
-
b The expression ( ----11
575
A ----------9504
C
5
------ )
12
25
B ----------9504
5
--8
A 0.58
e The fraction
A 0.6%
5
--8
7
-----12
317
C 1 ----------3168
5
--8
<
4
--7
857
D 1 ----------3168
4
--5
>
3
--4
E 0
E
5
--6
>
5
--7
as a decimal number is:

B 1.6
2
--3
( 5--8- 5--9- ) is equal to:
The false statement below is:

3
A 1--5- > ----B 2--3- < 3--420
d The fraction
13
-----24
C 0.625
D 62 1--2-
E 5.8
D 66 2--3- %
E 67%
as a percentage is:
B 66.67%
5
-%
C 66 ----11
10 Easisell High had 100 boxes of lollies to sell to raise money for the Childrens
Hospital. If Year 9 sold 1--2- of the boxes and Year 10 sold 1--5- of what was left:
a how many did each year level sell?
b how many boxes were left for the other year levels to sell?
c what fraction of the total was left for the other year levels to sell?
11 Alexa made a cake for
the family to share. As
soon as it was iced,
Mum and Alexa each
ate 1--6- of it, Dad ate 1--4- ,
and Freddi and Elliot
1
- each. What
ate ----12
fraction of the cake
was left for the next
day?
23
Percentages
In this section, we will be converting percentages to decimal numbers and to simple
fractions. We will be finding the percentage of an amount, expressing one amount as a
percentage of another, finding the full amount given some other amount as a percentage
of it, and increasing and decreasing amounts by a given percentage.
Converting percentages to decimal numbers

To convert a percentage to a decimal number, divide the percentage by 100.
% means out of 100.
WORKED Example 17
Convert 56.25% to a decimal number.
THINK
1
2
WRITE
Write the percentage.

Divide the percentage by 100. The
number will be smaller so change the
position of the decimal point 2 places to
the left.
56.25%
= 0.5625
Converting percentages to fractions in simplest form

To convert a percentage to a fraction in simplest form, place the percentage over
100 and simplify where appropriate. If the percentage includes a fraction, change to
an improper fraction then divide the percentage by 100 and simplify where
appropriate.
WORKED Example 18
2
Convert 22 --9- % to a fraction in simplest form.

THINK
1
2
WRITE
Write the percentage.

Change the percentage to an improper
fraction and divide by 100.
Simplify.
22 2--9- %
=
200
--------9
100
200
--------9
2
--9
1
--------100
Finding a percentage of an amount

To find a percentage of an amount, change the percentage to a fraction, the of to
and perform the operation.
24
WORKED Example 19
Find 34% of 950.
THINK
1
Change the percentage to a fraction, the of to

and perform the operation.
WRITE
34% of 950
=
34
----------100 2
950 19
-------------1
= 17 19
= 323
Expressing one amount as a percentage of another

To express one amount as a percentage of another is the same as to convert a fraction to
a percentage. Write a fraction with the first amount as the numerator and the second
amount as the denominator, then multiply the fraction by 100.
WORKED Example 20
Write 2.4 as a percentage of 12.8.
THINK
1
Write a fraction with the first amount as the

numerator and the second amount as the
denominator.
Change the fraction to a percentage by
multiplying by 100 and including the %.
Simplify.
Note: The answer could also be left as a fraction.
3
WRITE
2.4
---------12.8
2.4
-
= ( --------12.8
100
--------1
)%
= 18.75%
Finding the full amount, given a percentage of it

If Fred knows that his cheque for $50 000 was 25% of his uncles estate, can he work
out the value of the estate? To do this, first calculate 1% of the total amount, then
multiply by 100 to find 100% of the amount. This is known as the unitary method of
percentages.
WORKED Example 21
Find the number, if 62% of the number is 186.
THINK
1 Write the given information.
2 Find 1% by dividing both the percentage and
the number by the percentage. (That is, 62.)
3 Find 100%, or the whole amount, by multiplying
the percentage and the number by 100.
4 Write the answer in a sentence to show what
is meant.
WRITE
62% is 186.
1% is 3.
100% is 300.
62% of 300 is 186.
25
Increasing and decreasing by a given percentage

To increase an amount by a given percentage, add the increase to 100% to find a new
percentage and then find the new percentage of the original amount. Similarly, to
decrease an amount by a percentage, subtract the decrease from 100% and find the new
percentage of the original amount.
WORKED Example 22
Increase 300 by 17%.
THINK
1
2
4
5
WRITE
Add the increase to 100% to find the

new percentage of 300.
Write the calculation using the new
percentage which is greater than 100%
because it is an increase.
Write the percentage as a fraction out
of 100, multiply by the amount and
cancel if appropriate.
Simplify.
Write a sentence.
(17 + 100)%
= 117%
117% of 300
117
300 3
= -----------1 ----------1
100
= 351
If 300 is increased by 17%, it becomes 351.
Alternatively, the percentage increase could be found and added to the original amount.
To decrease an amount by a given percentage, subtract the decrease from 100% to
find a new percentage and then find the new percentage of the original amount. For
example, to decrease 300 by 17% is to find 83% of 300. The answer must be less than
the original amount because it has been decreased.
remember
remember
1. To convert a percentage to a decimal number, divide by 100.
2. To convert a percentage to a fraction in simplest form, divide by 100 or write
the percentage as a fraction out of 100, then simplify.
3. To find a percentage of an amount, divide the percent by 100 and multiply by
the amount.
4. To express one amount as a percentage of another, divide the first amount by
the second and multiply by 100.
5. If we need to find an amount, given the percentage of that amount, find 1% and
multiply the result by 100.
6. To increase an amount by a given percentage, add the percentage to 100% and
find the resulting percentage of the amount.
7. To decrease an amount by a given percentage, subtract the percentage from
100% and find the resulting percentage of the amount.
26
1F
1.14
SkillS
HEET
WORKED
Example
17
d
hca
Mat
WORKED
Example
18
Percentages
1 Convert each of the following percentages to a decimal number.

a 62%
b 41%
c 38%
d 93%
e 10%
f 2%
g 36.7%
h 21.25%
i 250%
j 315.7%
k 800%
l 0.6%
2 Convert each of the following percentages to a fraction in simplest form.
a 97%
b 42%
c 40%
d 70%
e 55%
f 50%
g 25%
h 30%
i
EXCE
et
reads
L Sp he
Converting
percent- WORKED
ages to Example
19
fractions
and decimals
EXCE
Finding
the
percentage WORKED
Example
of an
20
amount
et
reads
L Sp he
EXCE
62 1--2- %
9
-%
m 81 ----11
One amount
as a
percentage
of another
8 1--3- %
33 1--3- %
k 47 1--2- %
n 28 4--7- %
o 44 4--9- %
p 16 2--3- %
3 Find the following.

a 71% of 8
d 13% of 54
b 65% of 320
e 83% of 27
c
f
52% of 1700
24% of 175
g 12.5% of 104.48
h 42.5% of 55
58 1--3- % of 15.6
88 8--9- % of 3.69
k 23 1--2- % of 150
33 1--3- % of 300
et
reads
L Sp he
Percentages
4 Write each of the following

number where appropriate.
a 45 out of 60
d 32 out of 50
g 21 out of 48
j 0.63 out of 1.25
as a percentage, giving your answer as an exact decimal

b
e
h
k
c
f
i
l
27 out of 100
37.5 out of 60
9.6 out of 15
15.5 out of 60
6 out of 20
0.3 out of 12
18 out of 25
62.8 out of 80
5 multiple choice
a The percentage 123.5% as a decimal number is:
A 1.235
B 12.35
C 0.1235
D 12 350
b As a fraction in simplest form 67 1--4- % is:
A
c
27
-----40
11
-----16
E 123.5
E
2
--3
D 61%
49
-----80
C 10.44
D 10.5
E 10.4
C 58.3%
D 21%
E 25%
53
-----80
29
-----50
269
--------400
Which of the following is largest?

A 57%
B 0.6
d What is 23 1--5- % of 45?

A 10.4625
B 10.575
e What percentage of 60 is 35?
A 58 1--3- %
WORKED
Example
21
B 171 3--7- %
6 Find the number in each of the following examples.

a 12% of the number is 156
b 23% of the number is 368
c 15% of the number is 690
d 82% of the number is 328
e 16% of the number is 1.44
f 120% of the number is 5.4
g 13% of the number is 32.5
h 68% of the number is 138.72
i 2.5% of the number is 22.5
j 31 1--4- % of the number is 37.5
22
7 Increase each of the following numbers by the given percentage.

a 45 by 15%
b 5800 by 42%
c 65 by 20%
d 72 by 70%
e 106 by 53%
f 670 by 3%
g 880 by 62 1--2- %
h 2.5 by 27%
i 84 by 41 2--3- %
8 Decrease each of the following numbers by the given percentage.
a 45 by 15%
b 76 by 35%
c 120 by 40%
d 2722 by 53%
e 6530 by 30%
f 104 by 7%
g 1.2 by 11%
h 640 by 42 1--2- %
i 96 by 16 2--3- %
L Spread
XCE
sheet
Example
Increasing or
decreasing by a
percentage
time
9 multiple choice
GAME
a If 20% of a number is 80, what is the number?
A 400
B 16
C 25
D 96
E 64
Number skills
002
b If 480 is decreased by 27 1--2- %, the result is:
A 612
B 132
C 348
D 72.5
E 1745
c If 60 is increased by 15%, by what percentage does the result have to be decreased
to obtain 54?
6
------ %
-%
A 15%
B 21 17
C 25%%
D 78 ----E 20%
23
23
10 If Fred knows that his cheque for $50 000 was 25% of his uncles estate, what was the
value of his uncles estate?
11 The Sunflower Clothing Store was having a 15% off sale. If Sam wanted to buy a new
pair of jeans, how much would they cost if the original price was $75?
ET
SHE
Work
WORKED
27
E
1.2
28
Career profile
GREG McINTYRE Production Manager
Name: Greg McIntyre

Profession: Production Manager
Qualifications: Certificate of Business Studies
(Advertising)
Employer: Idea Communications
I decided to undertake the Business Studies
(Advertising) course because I was interested
in advertising and commercial art. It was also
recommended to me by my high school art
teacher. At Idea Communications I oversee
all work produced in the art studio and by
outside suppliers. I check that production
specifications are complied with, that budgets
are adhered to and deadlines are met. All new
jobs require opening which entails filling in
production brief forms, estimating costs and
preparing schedules. Quotations are obtained
for all outside supplier costs. A choice is
made, but not always because of cost, and
orders are issued.
A lot of the work I do involves calculations
with fractions, decimals and percentages. For
example:
1. Estimates involve calculating the number
of hours each task or job will involve,
multiplying by the hourly rate for staff
required, adding outside costs (printer,
photographers and so on) and adding

GST.
2. Schedules are produced by working
backwards from the delivery deadline. I
determine the sequence of tasks, how long
each task will take and the studio members
required. All staff time sheets must
correlate with the task and the time
allocated. Work is often juggled,
depending on priority, to ensure that
deadlines are met.
3. Invoice approvals are checked against
purchase orders and take into account
unquoted items such as freight, tax and
corrections.
It seems to me that mathematical skills are
vital to a productive enterprise of any kind.
Computers and calculators are a useful aid,
but without an understanding of the
principles, not much can be achieved.
Questions
1. What does opening a new job entail at
Idea Communications?
2. Why is it more beneficial for Greg to work
backwards from the delivery deadline?
3. What other courses offer an advertising
certificate or degree?
29
Interesting times
Candice has the choice of investing $1000 at 6 2--3- % p.a. or at 6.65% p.a.
1 Write 6 2--3- % as a decimal number.
2 Write 6.65% as a decimal number.
3 Which of the two interest rates is greater?
4 Using the greater interest rate, how much interest would Candice earn in 1 year?
5 If she kept the money (including the interest) in the bank for 3 years, how much
would she have at the end of the 3 years? (Hint: It is not $1200.00.)
2
1 Evaluate 3 4 2 (6 9).
------ .
2 Evaluate 4--7- + 1--4- 11
14
15
5
------ ------ --- .
Evaluate 11
20
22
6
Round 0.003 950 01 to 4 significant figures.
Convert 67% to a decimal.
------ as a percentage.
Express 17
20
Write 0.62 as a simple fraction.
Evaluate 49.312 183.8 + 701.6511.
Change 5 6--7- to an improper fraction.
Decrease $349 by 83%.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Index notation, square roots and

higher order roots
Index notation
An index is a power to which a number is raised. It is
the number of times that the base number is multiplied together. In the case of 24, 2 is the base and 4 is
the index.
On a calculator this is calculated by using the ^
function or the xy function. The keys to press on a
graphics calculator to calculate 24 are 2^4 ENTER.
WORKED Example 23
3
Express 4--9- as a fraction in simplest form.

THINK
WRITE
4
---
9
Remove the brackets (optional).
Simplify both numerator and denominator.
43
----93
64
--------729
30
fractions
Graphics Calculator tip! Simplifying
raised to a power
Fractions need to be entered using the key. However,

to ensure that both the numerator and the denominator
are raised to the given power, enter the fraction with
brackets. If you wish the answer to be expressed as a
fraction, remember to press MATH and select
1: Frac before pressing ENTER . The screen at right
shows the calculation for worked example 23.
Square roots
The square root of a number is a value which, when multiplied by itself, gives the
original number. For example 64 = 8 because 8 8 = 64.
Taking the square root of a number is the opposite
operation to squaring a number. That is, 82 = 64 and
64 = 8.
Generally, on a scientific calculator you would
key. On a graphics calculator,
enter 64 then the
you would press 2nd [ ] then 64 and ENTER .
WORKED Example 24
Evaluate 458 and write the answer, correct
to 2 decimal places.
THINK
1
2
3
WRITE
Write the given square root.

Use a calculator to find the square root.
Round the answer as required.
458
21.40
Higher order roots

The cube root of a given number is a value, which when written 3 times and multiplied,
is equal to the given number. For example, 3 27 = 3 because 3 3 3 = 27.
The fourth root of a given number is a value which, when written 4 times and multiplied, is equal to the given number. For example, 4 625 = 5 because 5 5 5 5 = 625.
On a scientific calculator this is done by using the
1
---
or x y key.
cube roots
Graphics Calculator tip! Finding
and higher order roots
To find the cube root of a number, press MATH ,
select 4: 3 (, enter the number under the root sign
and press ENTER .
The screen to the right shows the calculations for
the following cube roots: 3 27 , 3 2197 , 3 12.56 .
31
To find a higher order root, press the number of the

root required (4 for fourth root, 5 for fifth root and so
on) then MATH , select option 5: x , enter the number
under the root sign and press ENTER . (Note: This option
can also be used with square roots and cube roots.)
The screen at right shows the calculations for the
following higher order roots: 4 625 , 5 781 , 6 42 .
WORKED Example 25
Calculate
649 correct to 3 decimal places.
THINK
1
2
3
WRITE
Write the given root term.

Use a calculator to find the answer.
Write the answer correct to 3 decimal
places.
649
= 3.651
The square root of a fraction can be evaluated by finding the square root of both the
numerator and the denominator. This also applies to higher order roots.
WORKED Example 26
Express
36
-----49
as a fraction.
THINK
WRITE
36
-----49
Write the given square root.
Rewrite as the square root of both the numerator

and the denominator.
36
---------49
Evaluate, keeping the answer in fraction form.
6
--7
On a graphics calculator,
36
-----49
would be entered as
] 36 49). Press MATH and select 1: Frac

(to express your answer as a fraction) then press
2nd [
ENTER .
remember
remember
1. Use a calculator to evaluate numbers with indices and to find square roots and
higher order roots.
2. If the number is a fraction, calculate the numerator and denominator
separately.
32
Index notation, square roots

and higher order roots
1G
1 Calculate the following.
a 27
b 35
2
f 1.7
g 2.54
1.15
SkillS
HEET
WORKED
Example
23
reads
L Sp he
EXCE
et
Mat
d 44
i 3.052
WORKED
Example
24
Index
notation, square
roots and higher
order
WORKED
roots DIY Example
25
WORKED
Example
26
2 Express the following as fractions in simplest form.

a
4
---
5
2
---
3
1
---
2
3 4
---- 10
8
---
9
1
---
2
3
---
4
6
---
7
EXCE
et
Work
ET
SHE
1.3
7 2
---- 12
3
---
5
441
0.09
81
1.44
2116
0.0529
676
132.25
0.0576
7.29
4 Evaluate the following, correct to 2 decimal places.

a
465
65.87
2354
0.986
19.9
8624
1.75
56.78
21.45
5.6
5 Calculate the following.

a 3 13.824
b 5 5.378 24
c 4 70.7281
6 Calculate the following, correct to 3 decimal places.
729
a 8 46
b 3 869
c 5 149.0642
7 Express the following as fractions in simplest form.
8975
1
-----81
9
-----16
121
--------169
4
--------121
289
--------729
0.36
---------9.61
0.25
---------1.44
0.49
---------2.25
0.84 1.23
9 multiple choice
a To 3 significant figures, 3 4583 is:
A 67.7
B 16.617
C 67.698
D 17.0
b Rounded to 3 decimal places, (1.2)5 is equal to:
A 2.488
B 2.49
C 1.037
D 1.04
Scientific
notation
DIY
8 Calculate the following:

b 6.12 2.13
a 2 4 + 53
reads
L Sp he
e 53
j 0.83
Square
roots DIY
d
hca
c 106
h 3.13
10 A large number can be

expressed in the form
3.56 104. What is
the number?
11 The planet Jupiter is
approximately
7.78 108 km
from the sun. Write the
number of kilometres
as a whole number.
d 64 43
E 16.6
E 6
33
Calculator computations
A calculator can be used to compute more difficult examples. Generally we enter the
calculation as it is seen; however, we have to remember to bracket everything which is
under a square root sign as well as bracketing the numerator and denominator in a fractional calculation.
WORKED Example 27
Calculate the following, expressing the answers correct to 3 decimal places.
3.5 4 9.8 3
a 6.5 2 + 1.7 3
b ----------------------------10.7 2 53
THINK
WRITE
Perform the calculation using either

a scientific or graphics calculator.
(On a graphics calculator, press
2nd [ ] 6.5 ^ 2 + 1.7 ^ 3), then
ENTER .)
Write your answer correct to

3 decimal places.
Perform the calculation using a

calculator.
(On a graphics calculator, press
(3.5 ^ 4 9.8 ^ 3) 2nd [
10.7 ^ 2 53) then ENTER .)
6.5 2 + 1.7 3
= 6.868
3.5 4 9.8 3
b ----------------------------10.7 2 53
Write your answer correct to

3 decimal places.
= 100.889
remember
remember
1. Use a calculator to evaluate more difficult examples.
2. Rounding to a given number of significant figures begins at the first non-zero
digit.
3. Rounding to a given number of decimal places begins with the first digit after
the decimal point.
34
1H
Mat
d
hca
WORKED
Example
27
Calculator
computations
DIY
Calculator computations
1 Calculate the following, expressing the answers correct to 3 decimal places.

a
d
516 204
3
65 97
46.7
g ---------------------21 18.6
j
6.53 + 2.66
65 + 35
m -----------------72 98
516 204
9.6 4.1 + 6.8

5.9 2.4
--------------------3.7
2.7 3.9
-------------------------- 4.6 3.2
h
k
n
75 + 9.2
-----------------------61 3.7
i
l
516 204
3
7.8 2
1
1
------- + ------9.7 3.4
1
---------------------59 + 75
416 324
o ---------------------------5.8 + 7.2
2 Calculate the following, correct to 4 significant figures.

1
a -----------------47 29
1.28 2 + 3.15
25.8 2 4.1 2
g -------------------------------5.9 3 6.4 4
56 + 99
-----------------28 + 11
12 2 + 8 2 7 2
------------------------------2 12 6
963
150 29.3
------------------------ ------------2.7
4.1 2
5.32 4.43
4.6 4 2.1 5
------------------------3.4 3 1.9 5
96.5 + 67.5
-----------------------------( 5.1 2.8 ) 2
3 multiple choice
a What is 3 49.6 5.6 3.1, correct to 4 significant figures, equal to?
A 24.40
B 5.026
C 21.03
D 13.69
E 22.65
3
b What is ( 5.1 2.78 ) ( 1.6 + 1.05 ) , correct to 2 decimal places, equal to?
A 17.66
B 0.68
C 7.84
D 5.15
E 20.08
World population
Year
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
World
population
2 555 078 074
3 039 332 401
3 707 610 112
4 456 705 217
5 283 755 345
6 080 141 683
6 823 634 553
7 518 010 600
8 140 344 240
8 668 391 454
9 104 205 830
At the start of the chapter we looked at estimates of the world population over
a 100-year period.
1 Calculate the increase in population for each 10-year period.
2 Which 10-year period has the largest increase in population?
3 What is the predicted increase in population from 1950 to 2050?
4 Round each of the populations given in the table to 2 significant figures.
5 Use your answers to part 4 to calculate the percentage increase in
population for each 10-year period.
6 Which 10-year period has the highest percentage increase in population?
7 What is the predicted percentage increase in population from 1950 to 1960?
8 Write a few sentences describing your results. How does the increase in
world population affect the environment?
9 Parts 5, 6 and 7 used rounded results to calculate the percentage increase.
Design a spreadsheet to perform these calculations with the original
population figures.
35
Which piece of Australian curr

currency
featur
eatures
es scenes from
from aviation
aviation history?
history?
Use a calculator to answer the
questions to find the puzzles code.
=
2.37
5.06
+ 8.98
6.2 + 3.05 + 1.79

+ 8.43 + 0.95
+ 3.781 + 2.62
=
=
2.68
x 5.45
=
=
3.672
x 4.85
84.7 less
57.359
=
=
15.73 8.218
the mean of
21.8, 15.24,
7.62 and 31.8
38% x 35.4
=
the average of
2.7, 3.6, 9.4 and
3.8
21.3
2.5
=
16.48 4
18.9
3.2
=
=
the product of
2.75 and 3.84
=
=
=
=
21% of 126.4
12.4 1.6
=
the mean of
6.78, 13.24,
8.91 and 3.74
72% of 35.8
=
=
=
=
18.237 4.87
=
the sum of 8.34,
9.27, 5.416,
18.203 and 1.94
10.34 multiplied
by 1.265
18.9 2.4
5.28 x 3.65
2.3846
5.078
+ 4.9424
the sum of 8.73,

9.21, 2.643, 8.4,
2.976 and 1.425
=
the difference
between 7.054
and 21.9
34.293 less
17.84
the average of
16.74, 13.29
and 4.89
the sum of 3.74,

8.94, 0.87, 2.64,
3.17 and 1.43
=
=
103.8 x 0.345
81% of 25.8
24% of 158.6
7.512
14.846 25.776
20.898
4.875
16.41
13.367 14.606
8.52 20.79 17.8092
13.452
8.1675 26.544
33.384
38.064
11.64
10.56
27.341 26.821 16.453 5.90625
12.405
35.811 13.0801
43.169
19.115
19.272
7.875
7.75
4.12
36
Applications
The skills learnt in this chapter can now be applied to problems relating to real-life
situations. In this part the problems will be simplified to basic mathematical
expressions so we can use mathematical skills to determine the answers.
WORKED Example 28
The temperature at Mt Buller drops
steadily at night by 1.8C per hour.
The temperature at 6 pm is 4.5C.
What is the temperature at 2 am?
THINK
1 Find the number of hours between 6 pm
and 2 am.
2 Write a mathematical expression for the
total drop in temperature.
3 Write a mathematical expression for the
temperature drop from 4.5C.
4 Use the order of operations to solve the
problem.
Write
the answer in a sentence.
5
WRITE
Hours between 6 pm and 2 am: 6 + 2 = 8
Temperature drop: 8 1.8
Temperature at 2 am: 4.5 8 1.8
= 4.5 14.4
= 9.9
The temperature at 2 am is 9.9C.
WORKED Example 29
In a school of 460 students, half of them buy
their lunch from the canteen, while 2--5- bring
lunch from home. The rest do not eat lunch.
How many students do not eat lunch?
THINK
WRITE
Find the number of students who buy lunch. Students who buy lunch:
Find the number of students who bring

their lunch.
Find the number who eat lunch by adding
these amounts.
Find the number who do not eat lunch by
subtracting these amounts from the total
number of students.
Write the answer in a sentence.
3
4
Students who bring lunch:

Students who eat lunch:
1
--2
2
--5
460
--------1
460
--------1
= 230
= 184
230 + 184 = 414
Students who dont eat lunch: 460 414 = 46
The number of students who do not eat lunch

is 46.
37
WORKED Example 30
Tessas wage is increased by 3.2%. If her old wage is $675 per week, what is her new wage?
THINK
WRITE
Find the new percentage by adding the

percentage increase to 100%, which is
the original wage.
Find the new wage.
Answer the question in a sentence.
100% + 3.2% = 103.2%
New wage: 103.2% of 675

= 696.60
The new wage is $696.60.
remember
remember
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Read the question carefully.

Highlight or underline important information.
Write a mathematical expression or calculation for the given situation.
Use mathematical skills to evaluate the expression.
Write a sentence to answer the question.
1I
WORKED
Example
28
1 a
Applications
The temperature in Young drops steadily by 1.7C per hour. The temperature at
5 pm is 8C. What is the temperature at 2 am?
b The temperature in Doblin at 4 am is 5C. The temperature rises steadily by 2.6C
per hour. What is the temperature at 10 am?
c The winter temperature at Dubbo drops from 13C at 3 pm to 6C at 4 am. How
many degrees does the temperature drop?
d If the minimum temperature in Canberra on Monday is 7C and it rises by 16C to
the maximum temperature, what is the maximum temperature that day?
e The temperature range on Tuesday in Milday was 24C. If the maximum temperature was 10C, what was the minimum temperature?
2 a Roger wins $150 on a poker machine but then loses $340 the rest
of the night. How much worse off is he than when he started?
b A bank statement shows a balance of $53.76. Fran deposits
$156.80. What is the new balance?
3 a What is the cost of 36 litres of petrol at 71.9c per litre?

b Potatoes cost $1.80 per kilogram. How much will 8 kilograms of potatoes cost?
c Donna buys 5 exercise books at $1.35 each and 4 pens at 45c each. What is her
change from $10?
d Tony is paid $15.60 per hour. How long must Tony work in order to earn $140.40?
e Steve earns a salary of $41 000 per annum. What is his weekly salary if 1 year is
52.143 weeks?
f Janice pays for the following amounts of petrol on a trip from Sydney to
Melbourne: 23 L at 81.9c per L, 36 L at 85.8c per L, 31 L at 90.5c per L. What was
Janices total petrol bill for the journey?
g A certain body is 68% fluid. The bodys volume is 5.8 L. How much of this body is
fluid? Give the answer in millilitres.
3
- of the students choose soccer,
4 A school has 570 students. For sport ----10
ball
and
the
rest
play
tennis.
How
many
play tennis?
29
5 a Yan has a choice of 3--5- of $40
or 2--3- of $39. Which choice
would give him more money?
b Of the 1881 people who live
in Galaxy, 4--9- are women. How
many of the inhabitants are
men?
c At a factory, 1 out of 150
light bulbs are faulty. If the
factory makes 1200 light
bulbs, how many are faulty?
d Teri is paid $480 per week.
9
2
- goes to rent, --- to
Of this, ----5
1 20
- to other essentials
food, ----10
and the rest is saved. How
much per week does Teri
save?
e In a biscuit mixture, 3--8- is
sugar. If there are 120 grams
of sugar in the mixture; how
many grams of mixture is
there?
WORKED
Example
WORKED
Example
30
1
--3
choose foot-
6 Jay earns $12.50 per hour and works a 35-hour week. He obtains a 4.5% pay increase.
What is his new weekly wage?
39
7 a In a township, 68% of the people go to church. There are 5500 people in the town.
How many go to church?
b In an election, 43% vote Liberal, 41% Labor, 8% Democrat and the rest vote for
minor parties.
i What percentage of voters vote for minor parties?
ii If there are 15 500 registered voters, of which 95% vote at the election, how
many voters do not vote for either of the 2 major parties (Liberal or Labor)?
c Roald achieves 39 out of 60 for a test while Serena achieves 25 out of 40. Who performed better and by what percent?
d A car is discounted by 15%. If the
customer pays $16 150, what was
the price of the car before it was
discounted?
8 The distance from Earth to our closest
neighbouring galaxy, the Large
Magellanic Cloud, is approximately
1.608 1018 km. Write this distance as
a basic numeral.
9 multiple choice
a The temperature at Fresia is 4.8C
at midday. The temperature falls
steadily by 1.3C per hour. What is
the temperature in Fresia at 1 am
the following morning?
A 12.2
B 12.1
C 12
D 9.5
E 3.11
b At a school, 3--5- of Year 9 students study history, 1--4- study geography and the rest
study commerce. If there are 180 students in the whole of Year 9, how many
students study commerce?
A 153
B 80
C 27
D 21
E 45
c The Johnson family pay council rates at 1.008 12 cents in the dollar. If their land is
valued at $60 000, how much do they pay in rates?
A $60 487.20 B $604.87
C $6048.70
D $604.90
E $60.50
d Jeans are discounted by 20%. The discounted price is $30 less than the usual price.
How much are the discounted jeans?
A $24
B $45
C $120
D $150
E $50
40
summary
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Copy the sentences below. Fill the gaps by choosing the correct word or
expression from the word list that follows.
The order of operations is
first, followed by multiplication or
division left to right, then finally addition or subtraction, left to right.
When using a scientific calculator, work the whole question from left to
right.
Rounding to a given number of decimal places begins with the first digit
after the decimal
.
Rounding to a given number of
figures begins with the first
non-zero digit of the complete number.
To convert a
decimal number to a fraction, place the digits
over 10, 100, 1000 . . . (depending on the number of decimal places), and
simplify if appropriate.
To convert a fraction to a decimal number, divide the
by the
denominator.
To convert a decimal number to a percentage, multiply the
number by 100.
To convert a percentage to a decimal number,
the
percentage by 100.
To convert a fraction to a percentage, multiply the
by 100.
To convert a percentage to a fraction, put the
over 100 and
simplify if appropriate (or divide by 100 if the percentage has a fraction).
To find a percentage of an amount, divide the percentage by 100 and
multiply by the
.
To express one amount as a percentage of another, divide the first
amount by the second amount and multiply by
.
To find the full amount, given some other quantity is a percentage of the
amount, determine 1% by dividing, then
by 100 to find the
full amount.
To increase an amount by a given percentage,
the percentage
to 100% and find that percentage of the amount.
To
an amount by a given percentage, subtract the percentage
from 100% and find that percentage of the amount.
WORD
add
decrease
divide
point
LIST
decimal
significant
numerator
brackets
100
multiply
percentage
finite
amount
fraction
41
CHAPTER
review
a (16 + 12) 7
b 7 6 12 3
c [3 (7 5)] 2

a 5 9 + (60 6) 9
c [(8 4 + 7) + 7] 3
d 12 + 8 5 4
1A
1B
b 6 4 2
d 36 6 4 5 + 6
4 Round 5689.7143 to:

a 2 decimal places
b 2 significant figures.
1B
1C
5 Round 2156.586 to:

a the nearest ten
b the nearest tenth.
1C
3 Insert operation signs to make the equation true: 6 K 5 K 3 K 2 = 12
6 multiple choice
A rounded number is 13.50. The original number could have been:
A 13.5
B 13.52
C 13.507
D 13.495
7 Evaluate these expressions.
a 0.375 + 4 9.06
1C
E 13.4938
1D
b 14.4 1.2 0.65 23
8 Convert each of the following decimal numbers into a fraction in simplest form.
a 0.875
b 0.24
c 0.55
d 0.365
e 0.248
f 0.13
g 0.75
h 0.575
i 0.372
j 0.4
1D
9 Evaluate these expressions.

7
1
- --- )
a 1--4- + 3--5- 5--8b 2--3- ( ----12
4
1E
5
-----18
10 Convert each of the following to a percentage.

-----a 0.71
b 2.4
c 15
16
1E
1
--6
11 multiple choice
Which of the following statements is false?
A
3
--4
<
19
-----25
5
-----16
>
3
-----10

a 3--7- of 56
b 65% of 590
13
-----40
1E
<
7
-----20
8
-----11
<
18
-----25
6
--7
>
17
-----20
1F
0.89 of 420
13 Convert each of the following to a decimal number.

a 12%
b 34.6%
c 7--8-
33
-----4
1F
14 Convert each of these percentages to a fraction in simplest form.

a 52%
b 130%
c 28 4--7- %
1F
15 Decrease 240 by 24%.
1F
1F
16 If 45 is 3% of a number, what is the number?

17 Place the following in ascending order.
a 57%, 0.6,
29
-----50
6
------ ,
25
0.245, 23 1--2- %
1F
42
1F
18 Place the following in descending order.

a
4
--- ,
5
82%, 0.83
5
------ ,
12
41%, 0.416
1G
1G

b 2.5 102 3.5 103
a 2.52 3.53
1H
21 Calculate each of the following correct to:

i 3 decimal places
ii 3 significant figures.
1296
87 + 54
a -----------------87 54
4.2025
1.331
3 789 614
b ---------------------------654 437
1I
22 multiple choice
The temperature in Warialda at 7 pm is 3.5C and at 3 am is 3.7C. What is the average
drop in temperature per hour between the two readings?
A 0.72
B 0.02
C 0.025
D 0.9
E 0.8
1I
23 multiple choice
In the first semester test Dominic scored 37 out of 50, while in the second semester test he
scored 59 out of 80. Which of the following statements correctly compares his second
semester result with his first semester result?
A increased by 1--4- %
B decreased by 1--4- %
D increased by 28.7%
E decreased by 28.7%
C same result
1I
24 Rhonda pays $27.93 for petrol. If the price of petrol is 66.5 cents per litre, how many litres
did Rhonda put into her car?
1I
25 A dam is 58% full. It presently holds 302 470 L. How many more litres of water will fill the
dam to 100% of capacity?
1I
26 Simon visits his parents in a country town 1575 km

------ of the way
away from his home. He drives 16
25
the first day and intends to reach the town
the next day.
a How far does he need to drive
on the second day?
b Simon drives for 12 hours
on the first day. What is
his average speed on
that day?
c Simons car averages
15 km per litre of
petrol. What is his
petrol cost for
the trip if the
price of petrol
is 69.9 cents
per litre?
test
yourself
CHAPTER

Maths Quest 9 - Chapter 1

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Maths Quest 9 - Chapter 1

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 1 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

2 555 078 074

3 039 332 401

3 707 610 112

4 456 705 217

5 283 755 345

6 080 141 683

6 823 634 553

7 518 010 600

8 140 344 240

8 668 391 454

9 104 205 830

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 2 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Maths Quest 9 for Victoria

Write the calculation.

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 3 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Chapter 1 Number skills

Write a mathematical sentence showing

Write the answer in a sentence.

1 Evaluate each of the following without using a calculator.

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 4 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Maths Quest 9 for Victoria

3 Evaluate each of the following.

5 The Wimbletons wanted to buy a

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 5 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Chapter 1 Number skills

The rules for using integers are:

(b) Positive Negative = Negative

(c) Negative Positive = Negative

(d) Negative Negative = Positive

Write the calculation.

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 6 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Maths Quest 9 for Victoria

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 7 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Chapter 1 Number skills

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 8 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Maths Quest 9 for Victoria

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 9 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Chapter 1 Number skills

Estimation and rounding

On some scientific calculators, you need to press

On a TI graphics calculator, press MODE , arrow

Round 15.439 657 to:

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 10 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Maths Quest 9 for Victoria

Rounding to a given number of significant figures

Round 347 629 to:

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 11 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Chapter 1 Number skills

Write the number.

Write the calculation.

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 12 Monday, September 17, 2001 10:17 AM

Maths Quest 9 for Victoria

Estimation and rounding

3 Round the following to 1 decimal place.

4 Round the following to: i 1 ii 2 iii 3 iv 4 significant figures.

6 Round the following correct to 3 significant figures.

0.000 008 067 3

7 Estimate answers to the following without calculating the exact answer.

1 In 1832, a young runner named Mensen Ehrnot reportedly ran nearly

MQ9 Vic ch 01 Page 13 Wednesday, September 19, 2001 8:34 AM

Chapter 1 Number skills

Ordering decimal numbers

Write the numbers.