Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Thermafluid Lab (Mec 554)

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A
FAC U LTY Of M EC H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G
THERMAFLUID LAB (MEC 554)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Front Page
Table of Contents
i
Title
1. Objective
2. Introduction
1
3. Theory
2
4. Equipment
5. Experimental Procedure
5
6. Result
7. Sample Calculation
6
8. Analysis Result
9. Discussion
10. Conclusion
7
9
12
11. References
15
MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION
Page 1

1.0 TITLE
FORCED CONVECTION
2.0 OBJECTIVE:
1. To demonstrate the effect and the use of finned surface and pinned surface to improve the
heat transfer in forced convection.
3.0 INTRODUCTION
Convection is the transfer of energy between a solid surface and the adjacent fluids
that is in motion, and it involves the combined effects of conduction and fluid motion.
Convective heat and mass transfer take place through both diffusion of the random Brownian
motion of individual particles in the fluid and by advection, in which matter or heat is
transported by the larger scale motion of currents in the fluid.
Convection is also the mode of energy transfer between a solid surface and the adjacent liquid
or gas that is in motion, and it involves the combined effects of conduction and fluid motion.
The faster the fluid motion, the greater heat convection heat transfers. In the absence of any
bulk fluid motion, heat transfer between a solid surface and the adjacent fluid is by pure
conduction. The presence of bulk motion of the fluid enhances the heat transfer between the
solid surface and the fluid, but it also complicates the determination of heat transfer rates.
Convection is called forced convection if the fluid is forced to flow over the surface by
external means such as a fan or the wind. In contrast, convection is called natural (or free)
convection if the fluid motion is caused by buoyancy forces that are induced by density
differences due to the variation of temperature in the fluid. Convection can also be qualified
in terms of being natural, forced, gravitational, granular, or thermo magnetic.
Page 2

4.0 THEORY
Heat transfer from an object can be improved by increasing the surface area in
contact with air by adding fins or pins normal to the surface. This can be seen in
Newton`s Law of Cooling, which defines the convection heat transfer rate:
Q hAs Ts T
The effect of the surfaces can be demonstrated by comparing finned and

unfinned surfaces with a flat plate under the same conditions of power and flow.
Page 3

5.0 EQUIPMENT
The surfaces are shown in the figure below. The finned surface consists of 9 fins that are each
0.1 m high and 0.068 m wide. The pinned surface consists of 17 pins that each have a
diameter of 0.013 m and are 0.068 m long.
Finned
Plate/Pinned
Surface
Page 4

1. Bench top unit with holder

2. Sensors for measuring temperature and flow velocity
3. Air duct
4. "cylinder" heating element
5. Temperature sensor
6. Measuring glands
7. Fan
8. "finned" heating element
9. "flat plate" heating element
10. Display and control unit
11. Handheld sensor to measure airflow velocity
Page 5

Page 6

6.0 PROCEDURES
Heat exchanger placed into the test duct, and the value of ambient temperature (T) has been
record due to the surrounding temperature.
a. The heater then set to 270W to allow the temperature rise until 80C.
b. The heater control is adjust to 20W after its reading reach 80C and allow the
temperature decrease due to the time allowance 5 minutes by using stopwatch.
c. After 5 minutes, the reading of the heater meter has been recorded.
d. The next step is by using the fan with speed of 1.0 m/s on the thermal anemometer.
e. 5 minutes time allowance as before to stabilize and then take the meter result.
f. Finally the fan speed is been increase to 2.0 m/s and 2.5m/s with the same step as
before.
g. All the temperature value that been record is base on surface temperature of the
object.
h. All steps have been repeated and apply to the other specimen with same procedure.
Page 7

7.0 RESULT
Ambient air temperature, T
= 250C
Q
Power input,
= 20 W
Heater Temperature (Ts)
[0C]
FINNED
PINNED PLATE
PLATE
66.7
70.2
53.0
55.2
51.3
51.6
Air Velocity
[m/s]
0
1.5
2.5
DATA ANALYSIS
SAMPLE CALCULATION
i.
Surface area of the base plate (Abase);
Abase L w
0.1 0.11
0.011m 2
ii.
Surface area of (As) of the finned and pinned plates;
A finned 9 Lw Abase
plate
(9 0.1 0.068) 0.011

0.0722m 2
Apinned 17
plate
DL
2
Abase
(0.013)( 0.068)
17
0.011
2
0.0346m 2
Page 10

iii.
Convection heat transfer coefficient (h);

-For finned plate (at 2.5 m/s);
Q
As Ts T
20
0.0722(51.3 25)
10.533W /( m.0 C )
-For pinned plate (at 2.5 m/s);
Q
As Ts T
20
0.0346(51.6 25)
21.731W /( m.0 C )
Page 11

RESULT ANALYSIS
Surface area of (As) of the finned and pinned plates:
PLATE
FINNED
PINNED
Surface Area, As
(m2)
0.0722
0.0346
Temperature difference (Ts-T) and convection coefficient, h:
Air Velocity
[m/s]
0
1.5
2.5
FINNED PLATE
TS- T
h
[W/(m.0C]
[0C]
66.7
41.7
6.643
53.0
28.0
9.893
51.3
26.3
10.533
Ts
[0C]
Ts
[0C]
PINNED PLATE
TS- T
H
[W/
(m.0C]
[0C]
70.2
55.2
51.6
45.2
30.2
26.6
12.788
19.140
21.731
Page 12

For finned plate:-
Air velocity vs Surface Temperature

3
2.5
2
Air Velocity
1.5
1
0.5
0
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
Surface Temperature
For pinned plate:-
Air velocity vs Surface Temperature

3
2.5
2
Air Velocity
1.5
1
0.5
0
25
30
35
40
45
50
Surface Temperature
Page 13

8.0 DISCUSSION
Prepared by : MUHD ZHARFAN ZUHAIR BIN ZAINURUL ZAHAR
2014275902
Prepared by: MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN MOHAMAD ASRI

2014621946
Prepared by: MUHAMMAD HANIS BIN ROSLI

2014442524
Prepared by: MUHAMMAD KHAIRUDDIN BIN MOHD KHIRZAM

2014691028
Prepared by: MUHAMMAD IZZAT NAQIUDDIN BIN MAT

2014843754
Page 14

9.0 CONCLUSION
Prepared by: MUHD ZHARFAN ZUHAIR BIN ZAINURUL ZAHAR
2014275902
Prepared by: MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN MOHAMAD ASRI
2014621946
Prepared by: MUHAMMAD HANIS BIN ROSLI

2014442524
Prepared by: MUHAMMAD KHAIRUDDIN BIN MOHD KHIRZAM

2014691028
Prepared by: MUHAMMAD IZZAT NAQIUDDIN BIN MAT
2014843754
Page 15

10.0 REFERENCES
Page 16

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Thermafluid Lab (Mec 554)

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

The effect of the surfaces can be demonstrated by comparing finned and

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

1. Bench top unit with holder

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

Surface area of the base plate (Abase);

Surface area of (As) of the finned and pinned plates;

(9 0.1 0.068) 0.011

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

Convection heat transfer coefficient (h);

-For pinned plate (at 2.5 m/s);

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

Surface area of (As) of the finned and pinned plates:

Temperature difference (Ts-T) and convection coefficient, h:

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

For finned plate:-

Air velocity vs Surface Temperature

For pinned plate:-

Air velocity vs Surface Temperature

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

Prepared by: MUHAMMAD FAIZ BIN MOHAMAD ASRI

Prepared by: MUHAMMAD HANIS BIN ROSLI

Prepared by: MUHAMMAD KHAIRUDDIN BIN MOHD KHIRZAM

Prepared by: MUHAMMAD IZZAT NAQIUDDIN BIN MAT

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

Prepared by: MUHAMMAD HANIS BIN ROSLI

Prepared by: MUHAMMAD KHAIRUDDIN BIN MOHD KHIRZAM

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MAR A

MEC 554-THERMALFLUIDS LAB: FORCED CONVECTION

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