JaucianvQuerol

F:
October1908LinoDayandanteandHermenegildaRogero(assurety)executedaprivatewriting
acknowledgingtheirdebttoRomaJaucianamountingto13,332.33.However,thedocument
statesthatbotharejointlyandseverallyliablefortheobligation.
November1909RogerofiledacomplaintwiththeCFIofAlbayaskingJauciantocancelthe
documentonthegroundthathersignaturewasobtainedbymeansoffraud.
Inhisanswer,Jaucianaskedforthepaymentofthedebtasithadalreadymaturedatthattime.
CFIgrantedhispetition.RogeroappealedthecasetotheSC.Shediedduringthependencyofthe
caseandtheadministratorofherestatesubstitutedherinthepresentcase.ButtheSCruledthat
therewasindeedfraudandthedisputedclaimwasvalid.
Whilethecase(concerningthefraudabove)waspending,FranciscoQuerolwasnamedthe
administratoroftheestateofRogero.Jaucianenteredhisappearanceintheestateproceedingsto
collecttheloangrantedtoDavandantewhichRogeroguaranteed(becauseDacandanteonlypaid
him100pesosLOLS).CFIheldthatsinceRogerowasonlyasuretyitisnecessarythatJaucian
produceajudgmentforhisclaimbeforehiscollectionmaybeeffectedsothatQuerolmaybe
subrogatedintherightofJaucianandtheformercancollectthemoneyfromDayandante.
JauciansuedDayandanteandwasabletogetajudgmentforthefullamountofmoneytobe
collected.Thenoticewasreturnedunsatisfiedasthedebtorhasnopropertytobeleviedupon.
TheythenfiledasuitagainsttheestateofRogerocontendingthatbyvirtueofthereturnofthe
notice,theCFIhadadmittedDayadantesinsolvency.CFIruledagainstJaucian:1)insolvent
yourfaceLOLS,thecasewasnotfinalbecausetherewasnopronouncementbythecourt;
2)thecollectionwassubjecttoasuspensiveconditionwhichisthathemustfirstexhaustal
theremediesagainstDayandantebeforehecancollectfromtheestateofRogero.Asa
surety,Rogero(herestate)isonlyliableforthedeficiencythatmightresultafterthe
exhaustionoftheassetsofDayandante.
I:WONHermenegildaRogeroisprincipallythoughshewasonlyasuretyforLinoDayadante?
H:Yes.RogerowasneverthelesssolidarilyliableaccdgtotheprovisionsoftheOldCivil
Code:
Art1822:Bysecurityapersonbindshimselftopayorperformforathirdpersonincasethe
lattershouldfailtodoso.Ifthesuretybindshimselfjointlywiththeprincipaldebtor,the
provisionsofsectionfourth,chapterthird,titlefirst,ofthisbookshallbeobserved."
Art1144:"Acreditormaysueanyofthejointandseveral(solidarios)debtorsorallofthem
simultaneously.Theclaimsinstitutedagainstoneshallnotbeanobstacleforthosethatmaybe
laterpresentedagainsttheothers,aslongasitdoesnotappearthatthedebthasbeencollected
infull."
Art1830:"Thesuretycannotbecompelledtopayacreditoruntilapplicationhasbeen
previouslymadeofallthepropertyofthedebtor."

Art1831:"Thisapplicationcannottakeplace.......Ifhehasjointlyboundhimselfwiththe
debtor"
Rogerowasliableforthefullamountoftheobligationasherpositioninsofarasthecreditoris
concernedisthesameasoftheprincipaldebtor(inshort,itisnotnecessarythatitbeshown
thatJaucianfirstexhaustedalltheremediesagainstDayandante).Theproblemaroseinthe
translationoftheSpanishCodeofCivilProceduretoEnglishasitusedthewordjointtodenote
mancomunadamentewheninfactitshouldhavebeensolidary.
Saidreasoningisbasedonthefactthatthesectionquotedwasoriginallytakenbytheauthor,or
compiler,ofourCodeofCivilProcedurefromthestatutesoftheStateofVermont;andtheword
"joint"isusedinthecommonlawsense.Inthecommonlawsystemeverydebtorinajoint
obligationisliableinsolidumforthewhole;andtheonlylegalpeculiarityworthyofremark
concerningthe"joint"contractatcommonlawisthatthecreditorisrequiredtosueallthedebtors
atonce.
Toavoidtheinconvenienceofthisproceduralrequirementandtopermitthecreditorinajoint
contracttodowhatthecreditorinasolidaryobligationcandounderarticle1144oftheCivil
Code,itisnotunusualforthepartiestoacommonlawcontracttostipulatethatthedebtorsshall
be"jointlyandseverally"liable.
Theforceofthisexpressionistoenablethecreditortosueanyoneofthedebtorsoralltogether
atpleasure.Thejointcontractofthecommonlawisandalwayshasbeenasolidary
obligationsofarastheextentofthedebtor'sliabilityisconcerned.
Thus,Rogero(andmoreproperlyherestate)wasliableforthewholeobligationundersec.698
oftheCodeofCivilProcedurewhichstatesthatwhenapartytoacontractdies,hisestateshould
answerforthedebtwhichhecontracted.
ThedenialoftheCFIisproper!