Project

Crude Oil Tank

Art Montemayor

July 29, 2002

Rev: 0

Summary of Relief Calculations for T-201

The Fire Case is the Controlling Case for Pressure relief; the required relief capacity for this case is
523,215 Scfh. The existing installed pressure relief capacity in the existing 12 Varec Model 2020B1
PVSV is approximately 200,000 Scfh according to Varec Representative in Houston, George Izaguirre.

Existing pressure emergency relief in the existing 24 Varec Model 221P is 750,000 Scfh according to
Varec Representative in Houston, George Izaguirre.

Therefore, the existing pressure capacity in T-201 for the new, proposed operating conditions is 723,000
Scfh. No additional relief capacity is required for T-201 in the manner of a PVSV or an emergency Fire
Hatch since the present hardware will be sufficient to protect the tank from the worst pressure relief
scenario (the Fire Case).

T-201 also has an existing vacuum capacity sufficient for the new, proposed operating conditions.

In the event that steam- out procedures will be used on T-201 in the future, at least 12 ft 2 of open roof
nozzle area should be available for this tank in order to avoid a vacuum structural failure during a
rainstorm while the tank is being steamed-out. This nozzle area can be made up of existing and/or future
Fire Hatches as well as any existing roof manways.

Page 1 of 11

FileName: 297856322.xls
WorkSheet: Summary of Results

Art Montemayor

November 24, 2001

Rev: 2(07/24/02)

Oil Recovery
Attachment 1

Tank Padding Calculation Sheet

Data Entry

Stored Material
Flash Point
Boiling Point
Latent Heat vap.
Mol. Wt.

Crude Oil

Tank

T - 201

350 (Estim.)

MAWP

in WC

3.50

F
Btu/lb

360 (Estim.)
144.0 (Hexane)
274.0

Max Vacuum
Diameter
Max fill

oz/in2
ft
ft

0.50
130.0
40.0

o
o

Inflows
Tag
Product
Product
Product

Service
Transfer to Storage
Transfer to Storage
Transfer to Storage

or :
or :
or :

Line No.

P &ID #
115-01

Max Head
Units
PSIG
PSIG
PSIG

Note 1
1,313
292
729

Total Inflows, gpm

Sonic Flow in Pipe
Pipe Flow at Maximum dP
0
psi
Other (Attach Method)
Use for Relief (gpm)
Normal Maximum (gpm)
(Note 3)

2,333

20"-PL-354-D
12"-PL-756-D
12"-PL-756-D

Value

Flow, GPM

-157
-157
-157

2,333
2,500

Outflows (See Note 1)

P-2200
P-2210
P-2220
P-202A
P-202B
P-201A
P-201B

Booster
Booster
Booster
Transfer
Transfer
Drain
Drain

24"-PL-356-A
24"-PL-356-A
24"-PL-356-A
12"-OP-1910-AA1
12"-OP-1910-AA1
4"-DRG-2900-AA1
4"-DRG-2900-AA1

-157
-157
-157
-157
-157
-157
-157

75
75
75
100
100
65
65

psig
psig
psig
psig
psig
psig
psig

Total Outflows, gpm

2,000
2,000
2,000
1,500
1,500
60
60
9,120

Notes:
1) Pumps are at zero head flowrate (Max. gpm), and Control Valves have the max. trim size (Max. C v)
2) The above pump capacities are estimated due to a lack of pump performance curves.
3) The "Normal maximum" pump-in rate will be used for the tank relief calculations

Page 2 of 11

Electronic FileName: 297856322.xls

WorkSheet: Data Entry

Art Montemayor

November 24, 2001

Rev: 3(08/08/02)

Oil Recovery
Attachment 2

Tank Pressure & Vacuum Protection

Design Sheet - Based on Data Entry Sheet
Stored Material:
Crude Oil
Tank:
o
Flash Point
F
350 (Estim.)
MAWP
o
Boiling Point
F
360 (Estim.)
Max Vacuum
Latent Heat Vap.
Btu/lb
144 (Hexane)
Diameter
Molecular Wt.
274
Max fill Height
Max fill Volume
Inflows, SCFH
(Note 3)
Wetted Area
Normal Operation
21,429
Relief Scenario
21,429
Fire (Note 2)
Unit Heat Input
Required Capacity
Outflows, SCFH
73,150
Blow-Through
From Upstream
Breathing, Note 1
Flashing Feed
Out
SCFH
56,737
In
SCFH
64,528
Vacuum Rain Storm Cooling
Vent Valve set at
Required
selected
Fail Open

N.A. in WC
SCFH
NA
SCFH
NA
SCFH
0

Blanket Gas Valve set at 7" WC

Required
SCFH
Selected
SCFH
Valve Fail Open
SCFH

N. A.
N. A.
N. A.

T - 201
in. WC
3.5
oz/in2
0.5
ft
130.0
ft
40.0
gal
3,971,616
ft2
12,252.2
BTU/hr-ft2
SCFH

1,150
523,214

SCFH
SCFH
MM Scfh

Consider this when using emission vapor control system

Normal max inflow + out breathing
With vent system Pressure Drop of 9 in WC
Consider this only if the tank vents to a vacuum source or header

sum of outflows + in Breathing + fail open vent valve

Fisher Model 1190 Regulator with ___" trim.
This flowrate assumes the valve's Cv determines the capacity

Pressure and Vacuum Relief Cases

Inflow (Pressure)
SCFH
78,166 Relief Inflow + Out Breathing
Fire (Pressure)
SCFH
523,214 Fire Case vapors evolved
Outflow (Vacuum) SCFH
137,679 sum of outflows + in Breathing
Notes:
1) For Tanks larger than 840,000 gal (20,000 Bbls), refer to API-2000 for breathing requirements.
2) Fire Case calculations are according to API Standard 2000, 5 th Ed., Section 4.3.3.2.1; Design pressure < 1.0 psig
3) The wetted area is equal to the total surface area of the vertical shell to a height of 30 ft (API 2000; Table 3A)

Page 3 of 11

Electronic FileName: 297856322.xls

WorkSheet: Design Basis

0
0
0.0

Art Montemayor

November 24, 2001

Rev: 2(07/24/02)

Recovery
Attachment 3

Storage Tank Pressure/Vacuum Equipment Specifications

TANK:

T - 201

Conservation Vent
Pressure side set at
1.8
in. W.C.
Rated at
2.0 in. W.C.
Required
SCFH
523,214 zero (if have Vent Valve and Emergency vent) or worst case
Selected Size
SCFH
each from catalog; total number
Total
2
2
Vacuum Side set at 0.5 oz/in Vacuum, rated at
2 1/2
oz/in
Required
SCFH
137,679 Outflow Case
Selected Capacity SCFH
each from catalog; total number
1
Total

Emergency Pressure Relief, Note 1

Set at
in. W.C.
Required
SCFH
Selected Size
SCFH
N. A.

Rated at
in. WC
0 zero (if Con vent has capacity) or Worst case w/o Con Vent
each from catalog; total number
Total

Emergency Vacuum Relief

Set at
oz/in2
Required
SCFH
Selected Size
SCFH

Rated at
in. WC
0 zero (if Con vent has capacity) or Worst case w/o Con Vent
each from catalog; total number
Total

Selected Equipment:
Blanket Gas Regulator
Nitrogen Valve
Conservation Vent
Emergency Vent (exist.)
Emergency Vent (New)

Tag
N. A.
N. A.
PVSV-T20106
PSV-T20105

Manufacturer

Model

Size, in

Varec
Varec

2020B 1
221P

12
24

Cv

Notes:
1) A Fire hatch may be required if: cone roof tank does not have a weak roof seam, or if the Conservation Vent
does not have sufficient liquid flow capacity.
Rated Pressure
Capacity, Scfh

Rated Vacuum Capacity,

Scfh

12" Varec Model 2020B1; set @ 1 oz/in2

200,000

150,000

24" Varec Model 221P; set @ 2 oz/in2

750,000

Total installed Capacity

950,000

150,000

Total Required Capacity

523,214

137,679

Excess Installed Capacity

426,786

12,321

This existing tank has the following relief devices installed on it:

Note: The above Varec Capacities are taken from Varec Vapor Control Product Manual; pages 40 and 101.
The existing, installed Varec relief devices have sufficient pressure and vacuum capacity for the worse cases.
No new or additional relief devices are necessary for this storage tank under the calculated conditions.

Page 4 of 11

Electronic FileName: 297856322.xls

WorkSheet: Requisition Info

Art Montemayor

November 24, 2001

Rev: 2(7/24/02)

Oil Recovery
Storage Tank: T - 201
Fluid: Crude Oil

Safety Scenario Relief Rates, CFH

Vacuum Scenario
Pressure Scenario
(Note 1)
Liquid
Steam-Out
Inflow
Fire Case
Outflow
Other
Overflow
(Note 1)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Case Contributions:
Liquid movement in
Liquid movement out
Out Breathing (Vapor out)
In Breathing (Vapor In)
Fire Exposure
Pressure Transfer Blow-through
Blanket Gas Failure - Blocked
Blanket Gas Failure - Open
Steam Coil Rupture
Vent System Failure - Blocked
Chemical Reaction
Flashing Feed
Steam-Out
Total Volumetric Flow:

21,429
N.A.
56,737

N.A.

523,214
N.A.
N.A.
N. A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

N.A.
N.A.
N. A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.

N.A.

78,166

21,429
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
73,150
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
64,528
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
(Note 2)
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
46,100,000

523,214

137,679 46,100,000

Controlling Pressure Case Design Capacity =

654,017 cfh (Includes 25% contingency)

Controlling Vacuum Case Design Capacity =

172,098 cfh (Includes 25% contingency)

Air density =
Blanket gas density =
Blanket gas Molecular Weight =

0.0807 lb/ft3
0.33425 lb/ft3
25.237

at
at

32 oF
109 oF

and
and

14.696 psia
79.7 psia

Blanket gas density =

0.083877 lb/ft3

at

109 oF

and

20 psia

Blanket gas specific gravity =

1.0394 lb/ft3

at

109 oF

and

20 psia

Note 1: The steam-out case is calculated in another Worksheet; relief protection is recommended

Page 5 of 11

Electronic FileName: 297856322.xls

WorkSheet: Case Summaries

Storage Tank Pressure Relief

Over-Pressurization Scenario Contributions

Art Montemayor

November 22, 2001

Rev: 2(07/18/2002)

Consider Event when calculating CASE:

No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Event
Liquid Movement in and Breathing Out
Liquid Movement Out and Breathing In
Fire Exposure
Pressure Transfer Blow Through
Blanket Gas Regulator Failure
Failure or Loss of Control - Heat Transfer Devices
Failure of Internal Heating / Cooling Coils
Failure of Vent Treatment System
Failure of Utilities (Steam, Nitrogen, air, CWS)
Chemical Reaction
Liquid Overfill
Flashing Liquid Feed
Steam Out (Note 4)

1
Press.
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
N. A.

2
Vacuum
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
N. A.

3
Press.
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
N. A.

4
Press.
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
N. A.

5
Press.
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
N. A.

6
Press.
Note 2
Note 2
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
N. A.

7
Press.
Note 2
Note 2
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
N. A.

8
Press.
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
N. A.

9
Press.
Note 2
Note 2
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
N. A.

10
Press.
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Note 3
No
No
N. A.

11
Press.
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
N. A.

12
Press.
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Note 3
No
No
N. A.

Notes:
1) This event is when the vent valve feeding tank vapors to a vapor treatment system fails closed.
2) Either or both liquid movement events could be applicable depending on the system.
3) Consider this event if the fluids involved normally, or potentially, can cause a reaction
4) Steam Out is a special case that is handled and calculated independently in another spreadsheet; a properly sized nozzle is usually specified to be left open for this case.

Comments on scenarios for Tank T - 201:

Event No. 4 is not considered a credible scenario since all liquid transfer into tank is done by pumping, not pressure transfer.
Event No. 5 is not considered a credible scenario since no blanket gas is fed into the tank.
Event No. 6 is not considered a credible scenario since this tank does not incorporate a heat transfer device or internal coil.
Event No. 7 is not considered a credible scenario since this tank does not incorporate an internal coil that could rupture.
Event No. 8 is not considered a credible scenario since this tank does not incorporate a Vapor Treating System.
Event No. 9 is not considered a credible scenario since no utilities are connected to this tank.
Event No. 10 is not considered a credible scenario since the compounds and fluids with potential for introduction into the tank do not react with each other or polimerize.
Event No. 11 is not considered a credible scenario since the tank has been designed according to API Standard 2000, 5th Ed.; article 4.2.5.10
Event No. 12 is not a possible scenario.

Page 6 of 11

Electronic FileName: 297856322.xls

WorkSheet: OverPressure Scenarios

Art Montemayor

May 14, 2002

Rev:2(07/18/2002)

Storage Tank Pressure Relief

Determination of Inflows and Outflows for Storage Tanks

for use when calculating Normal and Emergency Venting Requirements
No.

Event

Inflow / Outflow

Calculate Inflow or Outflow by:

1. Liquid Movement in and Breathing Out

Inflow

Determine the Maximum flow, at zero head, for each pump that can be lined up to the tank. For sources
that are not pump driven, calculate the maximum flow for the flow limiting element. For Control valves,
use the largest trim for the valve body and add the capacity of any bypass valves. The total inflow is the
sum from all of these sources. The total inflow can be reduced if engineering judgment indicates that it is
unlikely that all of the sources will be feeding into the tank simultaneously. The total inflow can also be
reduced if the pressure drop in the line(s) between the inlet manifold(s) and tank exceeds the available
pressure drop. The available pressure drop is the highest pressure sources dead head pressure.

2. Liquid Movement Out and Breathing In

Outflow

3. Exposure to Pool Fire with subsequent

tank contents' vaporization

Inflow

Do not consider inflow for fire case since there is ample time to shutoff the inflow before the fire case fully
develops. (see also API-2000 3.4.3.1.4) Do consider the failure of the blanketing gas regulator (if
applicable) since these instuments typically fail open and the heat from a fire could cause it to fail.

4. Pressure Transfer Blow-through

Inflow

Like Case 1

5. Inert Gas Pad/Purge Regulator Failure

Inflow

Like Case 1

6. Failure or loss of Control Heat Transfer

Devices

Either or both

Use Case 1 if the failure can cause the tank to vent. Use Case 2 if the failure can create a vacuum in the
tank.

7. Failure of Internal Heating/Cooling Coils

Either or both

Use Case 1 if the failure can cause the tank to vent. Use Case 2 if the failure can create a vacuum in the
tank.

8. Failure of Vent Treatment System

9. Failure of Utilities (Air, Steam, Cooling
Water, N2, etc.)

Outflow
Either or both

Determine the Maximum flow, at zero head, for each pump that can take suction from the tank. The
Outflow is the sum of all of these; even installed spare(s).

Like case 2
Use Case 1 if the failure can cause the tank to vent. Use Case 2 if the failure can create a vacuum in the
tank.

10 Chemical Reaction
.

Inflow

Like Case 1

11. Liquid Overfill

Inflow

This tank is designed according to API Standard 2000, 5th Ed.; article 4.2.5.10

12 Flashing Liquid
.

Inflow

When introducing flashing liquids, always include the flashed vapor in the total relief capacity.

Page 7 of 11

FileName: 297856322.xls
WorkSheet: Inflow-Outflow

Project
Oil Storage Tank

Art Montemayor

To Oil Shipping
Pumps

12"
PVSV -T20106
1 oz/in2 set press.

24"
PSV -T20105
2 oz/in2 set press.
45,000 Bopd from X
20"-PL-354-D

June 28, 2002

Rev:1(06-9-02)

T - 201
115 oF

.. Bopd from Y
12"-PL-756-D

24"-PL-356-A

P-201A
20 gpm

12"-OP-1910-AA1

4"-DRG-2900AA1

P - 2200
1200 gpm

P-202A
875 gpm

P - 2210
1200 gpm

P-202B
875 gpm

P-201B
20 gpm

P - 2220
1200 gpm

Page 8 of 11

FileName: 297856322.xls
WorkSheet: Flow Diagram

Project
Oil Storage Tank

June 28, 2002

Rev:1(06-9-02)

To Oil Shipping
Pumps

Art Montemayor

Page 9 of 11

FileName: 297856322.xls
WorkSheet: Flow Diagram

Art Montemayor

January 26, 2002

Rev: 0

Eden Yuturi Oil Recovery

This calculation is for vacuum protection of Crude Oil Storage tank, T-201:
In order to have safe vessel entry for inspection and repairs of the tank, OSHA requires it be clean of
chemicals. Tanks are normally subjected to cleaning with live steam for this purpose and this procedure
can introduce the hazard of sudden, uncontrolled vacuum developed due to steam condensation during a
rain storm.
Diameter =
130
ft
Height =
40
ft
Cylindrical surface area =
Cone top roof surface area =
Total Surface Area =
For a heat transfer rate heat equation, use:

16,336 ft2
13,456 ft2
29,792 ft2

Q=U A T

Where,
Q =
U =
A =
T =

Heat transfer rate, Btu/hr

Overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/hr-ft 2-oF
Heat transfer surface, ft2
mean temperature difference between both fluids, oF

For a condensing system, an overall heat transfer coefficient of 250 to 700 Btu/hr-ft 2-oF is considered
as very credible. A tropical rain storm at any given time is considered as a design criteria that should be
strictly observed because of historical, empirical meteorological data. It is very possible to suffer an
instantaneous cloud burst in the rainy season. The actual rain water temperature could be an estimated 60 oF.
Btu/hr-ft2-oF is used,
If an overall condensing heat transfer coefficient of
400
Q =

2.E+09 Btu/hr

Steam condensation rate =

=

1,719,425 lb/hr
860 ton/hr

Specific volume of steam at 14.696 psia =

Volumetric displacement inside tank =
=
=

26.799 ft3/lb
46,078,883
767,981 ft3/min
12,800 ft3/sec

ft3/hr

The maximum possible velocity in the Tank's vacuum relief nozzle is:

'
v s= k g R T = k g 144 P V

Where,

vs = Sonic velocity of air, ft/sec

k = Ratio of specific heats for air =
g = acceleration of gravity, 32.2 ft/sec2
P' = Absolute pressure, psia
V = Specific volume of air, ft3/lb =
Therefore,

vs

1.40

13.10

1,118 ft/sec

Required nozzle area for sonic velocity =

A nozzle to allow safe operation =

Page 10 of 11

11.45
46

ft2
inch diameter
FileName: 297856322.xls
WorkSheet: Steam Out

Art Montemayor

January 26, 2002

Rev: 0
3 - 30" Manway nozzles are recommended to be installed on the tank roof
Eden Yuturi Oil Recovery

Page 11 of 11

FileName: 297856322.xls
WorkSheet: Steam Out