GREETINGS AND FAREWELLS

GREETINGS (SALUDOS)

Good morning. - Buenos das.

Good afternoon. - Buenas tardes.
Good evening. - Buenas noches.
Hello.- (ms formal)
Hi.- (menos formal)
Hey.- (muy informal) - Hola.
HOW ARE YOU? - Cmo ests?/Cmo est Ud.?
HOW ARE YOU ALL? - Cmo estn Uds.?

Responses (respuestas)

I am. - estoy...
good/fine/well - bien
bad/not well - mal
very good/very well - muy bien
pretty good/quite well - bastante bien
not very good/not very well - no muy bien
okay/so-so - regular
terrible/really bad - terrible
Fine, and you? / Good, and you? - Bien, y t?/Bien, y usted?
Fine, and you all? - Bien, Bien, y ustedes?

GOOD-BYES/FAREWELLS (DESPEDIDAS)

Good-bye./Bye. - Adis.
Good night. - Buenas noches.(Dormir)
See you later. - Hasta luego./Nos vemos. (o Ill see you later., etc.)
See you tomorrow. - Hasta maana.
See you soon. - Hasta pronto.
See you then. - Hasta entonces.
Take care. - Cudate./Cudese./Cuidaos./Cudense. (o ms informalmente

Take it easy.)
So longHasta luego

POLITE WORDS/EXPRESSIONS
(PALABRAS/FRASES CORTESES)

yes - s
no - no
I think so./I believe so. - Creo que s.
I don't think so.- Creo que no.
Maybe.- tal vez/quiz(s)

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

 Welcome (to)...! - Bienvenido/Bienvenida/Bienvenidos/Bienvenidas

(a)...!
Come in!/Please, come in! - Pasa!/Pase!/Pasad!/Pasen! (para entrar

en la casa)
thank you/thanks - gracias
thank you very much - muchas gracias
thanks a million! - mil gracias!
I'm very grateful. - Estoy muy agradecido(a).
Please. - Por favor.
Gladly! - Con mucho gusto!
Congratulations! - Felicidades!/Felicitaciones!/Enhorabuena!
I'm sorry. - Lo siento./Perdn./Disculpe. (o ms informalmente Sorry)
I'm very sorry. - Lo siento mucho.
Excuse me. - Perdn./Con permiso.
It's okay./It's all right. - Est bien.
Everyth ing's okay/all right. - Todo est bien.

COLOURS

beige

beige, beis

black

negro

blue

azul

brown

marrn

fuchsia

fucsia

golden

dorado

green

verde

grey

gris

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

orange

naranja

pink

rosa

purple

morado

red

rojo

silver

plateado

sky blue

azul celeste

violet

violeta

white

blanco

yellow

amarillo
dark = oscuro dark blue, dark green, dark brown...
light = claro light blue, light green, light brown...

THE ENGLISH ALPHABET

A: /i/
B: /bi/
C: /si/
D: /di/
E: /i/
F: /ef/
G: /yi/
H: /ich/
I: /i/

J: /yi/
K: /ky/
L: /el/
M: /em/
N: /en/
O: /u/
P: /pi/
Q: /ki/
R: /ar/

S: /es/
T: /ti/
U: /i/
V: /vi/
W: /dbl-i/
X: /ex/
Y: /wi/
Z: /zed/ (UK); /Zsi/(USA)

THE NUMBERS IN ENGLISH

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

DAYS OF THE WEEK

English
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday

Espaol
Domingo
Lunes
Martes
Mircoles
Jueves
Viernes
Sbado

12 MONTHS OF THE YEAR

English
January

Espaol
Enero

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

Febrero
Marzo
Abril
Mayo
Junio
Julio
Agosto
Septiembre
Octubre
Noviembre
Deciembre

SEASONS OF THE YEAR

English
Spring
Summer
Autumn / Fall
Winter

Espaol
Primavera
Verano
Otoo
Invierno

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Los pronombres personales
I

yo

you

t / usted

he

she

ella

it

eso / aquello

you
(plural)

ustedes

we
nosotros / -as
Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez
they

ellos / ellas

In English the use of I is always capital when talking about the first person
singular.
En ingls el uso de I siempre es mayscula cuando se refiere a la primera
persona.
The use of you is formal and informal and can be singular or plural.
El uso de you es formal e informal y puede ser singular o plural.

THE SIMPLE PRESENT OF THE VERB TO BE

The simple present of the verb to be

THE VERB TO BE
The verb to be is the most important verb in the English language. It is difficult
to use because it is an irregular verb in almost all of its forms. In the simple
present tense, to be is conjugated as follows:
Affirmative forms of the verb to be
Subject Pronouns
Full Form
I
am
you
are
he/she/it
is
we
are
you
are
they
are

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

Contracted Form
'm
're
's
're
're
're

Interrogative forms of the verb to be:

Am
I?
Are
you?
Is
he/she/it?
Are
we?
Are
you?
Are
they?
Negative Forms of the verb to be:
Subject Pronouns
Full Form
I
am not
you
are not
he/she/it
is not
we
are not
you
are not
they
are not
Examples:

Contracted Form
'm not
aren't
isn't
aren't
aren't
aren't

Is Brad Pitt French?

No, he isn't. He's American.

What about Angelina Joli? Is she American, too?

Yes, she is. She is American.

Are brad Pitt and Angelina Joli French?

No, They aren't. They are American.

Use of the simple present of to be

The principal use of the simple present is to refer to an action or event that takes
place habitually, but with the verb "to be" the simple present tense also refers to
a present or general state, whether temporary, permanent or habitual.

I am happy.

She is helpful.

The verb to be in the simple present can be also used to refer to something that
is true at the present moment.

She is 20 years old.

He is a student.

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

PASADO SIMPLE DE "BE":

ORACIONES CON WAS / WERE
Oraciones afirmativas de pasado del verbo "to be"

Notese que el auxiliar en pasado "was" se usa nicamente con aquellos

pronombres singulares, es decir, que hacen referencia a una sola persona, en
cambio el auxiliar "were" es usado con pronombres en plural (You es tomado
de esta forma porque adems de "T o Usted" tambin refiere a "Ustedes").

Ejemplos de oraciones afirmativas de pasado "to be"

Ejemplos "ser":
I was a student of this school
She was a model
They were good kids

Ejemplos "estar":
He was at the beach this morning
(l estaba en la playa esta maana)
We were married
(Estbamos casados)
You were wrong
(Estabas[n] equivocado[s])

En el caso de oraciones negativas se sigue la misma gramtica aadiendo

nicamente "not".

(Yo era un estudiante de esta escuela)

(Ella era una modelo)
(Ellos eran buenos nios)

Oraciones negativas de pasado del verbo "to be"

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

Usualmente para expresar oraciones negativas al hablar / escribir se emplean las

contracciones indicadas "wasn't" y "weren't".

Ejemplos de oraciones negativas de pasado "to be"

Ejemplos "ser":
I was not student of this school.
She wasn't a model
They weren't good kids

(Yo no era un estudiante de esta escuela)

(Ella no era una modelo)
(Ellos no eran buenos nios)

Ejemplos "estar":
He wasn't at the beach this morning
We weren't married
You were not wrong

(l no estaba en la playa esta maana)

(No estbamos casados)
(No estabas[n] equivocado[s])

PERSONAL INFORMATION

What is your name?

My name is _________.

Where are you from?

I am from ____________ (country).

Where do you live?

I live in _________ (city).

How old are you?

I am ______ years old.

What is your telephone number? My telephone number is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez

What is your address?

My address is ________________.

How tall are you?

I am ____ centimeters tall.

How much do you weigh?

I weigh about _____ kilograms.

What do you do?

I am a ___________ (job).

Where do you work?

I work at / for ___________ (place)

How big is your family?

I have ____ brothers and ____ sisters.

What do you usually do in your

free time?

I like to _________ and sometimes

_________.

When is your birthday?

My birthday is in __________ (month).

When were you born?

I was born _______ (month) ____ (day),

_______ (year)

What is your favorite _______?

My favorite ________ is ____________.

Prof. Martha Rodriguez Perez