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occasionally figure as shareholders. The most prominent IFIs are creations of multiple
nations, although some bilateral financial
Q3. Define the concept and scope of international marketing research.
Answer. International Marketing Research can be defined as the research that is
either conducted simultaneously or in a sequence in order to facilitate the
organizations marketing decisions in countries other than the country of their origin.
International marketing research, apart from having a number of similarities, differs
from the process of domestic marketing from a number of perspectives. These major
differences include; the differences in
Q4. Differentiate between national and international products, global and
standardized products with examples.
Answer. Product adaptations (also called differentiation or localization or
customization) come in several forms. Marketing strategies in a country- by-country
basis are tailored with the peculiarities of the local market. By this, product
adaptations are considered as necessary strategy in order to cater to the different
needs of customers in various countries. Following the concept of logical incremental
ism, it can be argued that continual changes can
Q5. Write short notes on:
a) Containerization
b) 4 PL operators
Answer. The benefits of containerization take place over three main dimensions:
Transport costs. The main transports costs benefits of containerization are jointly
the outcome of lower transshipment costs and economies of scale applied to maritime
shipping and terminal operations. Since containerized cargo is subject to less damage
as well as lower theft levels, insurance rates are generally lower. Another significant
benefit is that the container itself becomes the minimal load unit, implying that a
wider range of exporters and importers can get access to international markets as the
minimal entry unit, a single container load, becomes
Q6. Choose a product and explain how you will prepare seven steps in a
global e-marketing plan?
Answer. Choosing the product
Before breaking into the foreign market, marketers must consider factors that
influence product adoption. As explained by Diffusion Theory at least six factors have
a bearing on the adoption process: relative advantage, compatibility,
FALL-2015
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