GB

ICS 77.140.75
H 48

National Standard of the People's Republic of China

GB/T 8162-2008
Replace GB/T 8162-1999

Seamless Steel Tubes for Structural Purposes

Issued on August 19, 2008

Jointly issued by

Implemented on April 1, 2009

the General Administration of Quality Supervision,

Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of
China and Standardization Administration Of The People's
Republic of China.

Forwards
This national standard is not equivalent to EN 10297-1: 2003 "Seamless Circular Steel
Tubes for Mechanical and General Engineering Purposes-Technical Delivery Conditions".
This national standard replaces GB/T 8162-1999 "Seamless Steel Tubes for Structural
Purposes", while comparing with it, this Standard has the following major variation:
add order content;
modify allowable deviation of the dimension;
add requirements of the full-length tortuosity factor;
add requirements of the terminal shear drag;
cancel marking illustrations;
add steel grades;
cancel requirements of the expanding test;
add negotiation provisions of the nondestructive test
This national standard is proposed by China Iron & Steel Association.
This national standard is under jurisdiction of China Steel Standardization Technical
Committee.
This Standard is mainly prepared (organizations) by Angang Steel Company Limited,
Pangang Group Chengdu Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. and Hunan Hengyang Steel Tube Group Co.,
Ltd.
This Standard is mainly prepared by (staffs): ZHANG Huixuan, ZHANG Peng, PIAO
Zhimin, LI Qi, ZHAO Bin and LI Zhi.
This national standard replaces the previous versions:
GB/T 8162-1987, GB/T 8162-1999

Contents
Forwards ........................................................................................................................................... I
1. Scope.............................................................................................................................................1
2. Normative References...................................................................................................................1
3. Order content ................................................................................................................................4
4. Dimension, shape and weight .......................................................................................................4
4.1 Outside diameter and wall thickness...................................................................................4
4.2 Allowable deviation of outside diameter and wall thickness ..............................................4
4.3 Length .................................................................................................................................5
4.4 Tortuosity factor ..................................................................................................................6
4.5 Noncircularity and wall unevenness ...................................................................................6
4.6 Terminal shape ....................................................................................................................6
4.7 Weight .................................................................................................................................7
5. Technical requirements .................................................................................................................7
5.1 Grade of steel and chemical composition ...........................................................................7
5.2 Manufacturing method ........................................................................................................8
5.3 Delivery state ......................................................................................................................8
5.4 Mechanical properties .........................................................................................................9
5.5 Technical properties ..........................................................................................................13
5.6 Surface quality ..................................................................................................................13
5.7 Nondestructive test............................................................................................................14
6. Test method .................................................................................................................................14
7. Inspection rules ...........................................................................................................................15
8. Packaging, marking and quality certification..............................................................................15

II

Seamless Steel Tubes for Structural Purposes

GB/T 8162-2008

1. Scope
This national standard specifies order content, size, shape, weight, technical requirements,
test methods, test rules, packaging, marking and quality certificate of seamless steel tubes for
structural purposes.
This Standard is applicable to seamless steel tubes for mechanical and general
engineering structural purposes.

2. Normative References
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this national Standard. For dated reference, subsequent amendments
(excluding amending error in the text) to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not be
applied. However, the parties whose enter into agreement according to these specifications are
encouraged to research whether the latest editions of these references are applied or not. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document is applicable to this national
standard.
GB/T 222 Permissible Tolerances for Chemical Composition of Steel Products
GB/T 223.3 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the
Diantipyrylmethane Phosphomolybdate Gravimetric Method for the Determination of
Phosphorus ContentGB/T 223.5 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the
Reduced Molybdosilicate Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Acid-soluble
Silicon Content
GB/T 223.8 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Sodium
Fluoride Separation-EDTA Titration Method for the Determination of Aluminium Content
GB/T 223.9 Iron Steel and Alloy-Determination of Aluminium Content-Chrom Azurol S
Photometric Method
GB/T 223.11 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Ammonium
Persulfate Oxidation Volumetric Method for the Determination of Chromium Content
GB/T 223.12 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; The Sodium
Carbonate Separation-diphenyl Carbazide Photometric Method for the Determination of
Chromium Content
GB/T 223.13 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Ammonium
Ferrous Sulfate Titration Method for the Determination of Vanadium Content
GB/T 223.14 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the
1

N-benzoy-N-phenylhydroxylamine Extraction Photometric Method for the Determination of

Vanadium Content
GB/T 223.16 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Chromotropic
Acid Photometric Method for the Determination of Titanium Content
GB/T 223.18 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Sodium
Thiosulfate Separation Iodimetric Method for the Determination of Copper Content
GB/T 223.19 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron Steel and Alloy; the
Neocuproine-chloroform Extraction Photometric Method for the Determination of Copper
Content
GB/T 223.23 Iron Steel and Alloy-Determination of Nickel Content; the
Dimethylglyoxime Spectrophotometric Method
GB/T 223.25 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the
Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method for the Determination of Nickel Content
GB/T 223.26 Iron Steel and Alloy-Determination of Molybdenum Content; the
Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method
GB/T 223.36 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Neutral
Titration Method for the Determinaion of Nitrogen Content after Distillation Separation
GB/T 223.37 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron Steel and Alloy; the Indophenal
Blue Photometric Methods for the Determination of Nitrogen Content after Distillation
Separation
GB/T 223.40 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the
Sulphochlorophenol S Photometric Method for the Determination of Niobium Content
GB/T 223.43 Iron Steel and Alloy-Determination of Tungsten Content-Gravimetric
Method and Spectrophotometric Method
GB/T 223.53 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Flame Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Copper Content
GB/T 223.54 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Flame Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Nickel Content
GB/T 223.58 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Sodium
Arsenite-sodium Nitrite Titrimetric Method for the Determination of Manganese Content
GB/T 223.59 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Reduced
Molybdoantimonyl Phosphoric Acid Photometric Method for the Determination of
Phosphorus Content
GB/T 223.60 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Perchloric
Acid Dehydration Gravimetric Method for the Determination of Silicon Content
GB/T 223.6l Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Ammonium
Phosphomolybdate Volumetric Method for the Determination of Phosphorus Content
GB/T 223.62 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Butyl Acetate
Extraction Photometric Method for the Determination of Phosphorus Content
GB/T 223.63 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Sodium
(Potassium) Periodate Photometric Method for the Determination of Manganese Content
GB/T 223.64 Iron Steel and Alloyed-Determination of Manganese Content-Flame
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Method
GB/T 223.66 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the
2

Thiocyanate-chlorpromazine Hydrochloride-Chloroform Extraction Photometric Method for

the Determination of Tungsten Content
GB/T 223.67 Iron Steel and Alloy-Determination of Sulfur Content-Methylene Blue
Spectrophotometric Method
GB/T 223.68 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Potassium
Iodate Titration Method after Combustion in the Pipe Furnace for the Determination of Sulfur
Content
GB/T 223.69 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the
Gas-Volumetric Method after Combustion in the Pipe Furnace for the Determination of
Carbon Content
GB/T 223.71 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Gravimetric
Method after Combustion in the Pipe Furnace for the Determination of Carbon Content
GB/T 223.72 Iron Steel and Alloy-Determination of Sulfur Content-Gravimetric Method
GB/T 223.74 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Combustion
Gravimetric/gas-Volumetric Method for the Determination of Combined Carbon Content
GB/T 223.75 Iron Steel and Alloy-Determination of Boron Content-Methanol
Distillation-Curcumin Photometric Method
GB/T 223.76 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy; the Flame Atomic
Absorption Spectrometric Method for the Determination of Vanadium Content
GB/T 223.78 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Iron, Steel and Alloy-Curcumin
Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Boron Content (GB/T 223.78-2000, ISO
10153: 1997, IDT)
GB/T 228 Metallic Materials-Tensile Testing at Ambient Temperature (GB/T 228-2002,
eqv ISO 6892: 1998)
GB/T 229 Metallic MaterialsCharpy Pendulum Impact Test Method (GB/T 229-2007,
ISO 148-1: 2006, MOD)
GB/T 231.1 Metallic Materials-Brinell Hardness Test-Part 1: Test Method (GB/T
231.1-2002, ISO 6506-1: 1999, EQV)
GB/T 244 Metallic Materials-Tube-Bend Test (GB/T 244-2008, ISO 8491: 1996, IDT)
GB/T 246 Metal materialsTubeFlattening test (GB/T 246-2007, ISO 8492: 1998,
IDT)
GB/T 699 Quality Carbon Structural Steels
GB/T 1591 Low-alloy High-tensile Structural Steel
GB/T 2102 Acceptance Packing, Marking and Quality Certification of Steel Pipe
GB/T 2975 Steel and Steel Products--Location and Preparation of Test Pieces for
Mechanical Testing (GB/T 2975- 1998, eqv ISO 377: 1997)
GB/T 3077 Alloy Structure Steels
GB/T 4336 Standard Test Method For Spark Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometric
Analysis of Carbon and Low-alloy Steel (Routine Method)
GB/T 5777 Seamless Steel Pipe and Tubing-methods for Ultrasonic Testing (GB/T
5777-2008, ISO 9303: 1989, MOD)
GB/T 7735 Steel Tubesthe Inspection Method on Eddy Current Test (GB/T 7735-2004,
ISO 9304: 1989, MOD)
GB/T 12606 Steel Tubes-The Testing Method of Magnetic Flux Leakage (GB/T 126063

1999, eqv ISO 9402: 1989, ISO 9598: 1989)

GB/T 17395 Dimensions, Shapes, Masses and Tolerances of Seamless Steel Tubes
(GB/T 17395-2008, ISO 1127: 1992, ISO 4200: 1991, ISO 5252: 1991, NEQ)
GB/T 20066 Steel and Iron-Sampling and Preparation of Samples for the Determination
of Chemical Composition (GB/T 20066--2006, ISO 14284: 1996, IDT)
GB/T 20123 Steel and IronDetermination of Total Carbon and Sulfur Content Infrared
Absorption Method after Combustion in an Induction Furnace (Routine Method) (GB/T
20123-2006, ISO 15350: 2000, IDT)
GB/T 20124 Steel and IronDetermination of Nitrogen ContentThermal
Conductimetric Method after Fusion in a Current of Inert Gas (Routine Method) (GB/T
20124-2006, ISO 15351: 1999, IDT)
GB/T 20125 Low-Alloy Steel-Determination of Multi-element Contents-Inductively
Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometric Method

3. Order content
Contract or order ordering steel pipes according to this Standard shall include the
following contents:
a) Standard number;
b) Product name;
c) Grade of steel, quality classification must be indicated while necessary;
d) Dimensions;
e) Order quantity (total weight or total length);
f) Delivery state;
g) Special requirement

4. Dimension, shape and weight

4.1 Outside diameter and wall thickness

The outside diameter (D) and wall thickness (S) of steel tubes shall comply with the
provisions of GB/T 17395-1998.
According to the requirements of the purchaser and through the mutual negotiation of
both the purchaser and the supplier, the steel tube with other outside diameters and wall
thicknesses can be supplied.
4.2 Allowable deviation of outside diameter and wall thickness
4.2.1 The allowable deviation of outside diameter of the steel tube shall be in accordance with
those specified in Table 1.
4

Table 1 Allowable Deviation of Outside Diameter of the Steel Tube

Steel tube kinds

Allowable deviation

Hot rolling (extruding and expanding) steel tube

1%D or 0.50, take the larger value

Cold drawing (rolling) steel tube

1%D or 0.30, take the larger value

in: mm

4.2.2 The allowable deviation of wall thickness of the hot rolling (extruding and expanding)
steel tube shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 2.
Table 2 Allowable Deviation of Wall Thickness Hot Rolling (Extruding and Expanding) Steel Tube
in: mm
Steel tube kinds
Hot rolling (extruding) steel tube

Hot rolling (extruding) steel tube

Nominal outside

S/D

Allowable deviation

102

12.5%S or 0.40, takes the larger value

>102

0.05

15% S or0.40, takes the larger value

>102

>0.05~0.10

12.5% S or0.40, takes the larger value

>102

>0.10

12.5% S
10% S

diameter of steel tube

Hot expanding steel tube

15%S

4.2.3 The allowable deviation of wall thickness of the cold drawing (rolling) steel tube shall
be in accordance with those specified in Table 3.0.2.
Table 3 Allowable Deviation of Wall Thickness of the Cold Drawing (rolling) Steel Tube
Steel tube kinds

Nominal wall thickness of steel tube

Cold drawing (rolling)

Cold drawing (rolling)

>3

in: mm

Allowable deviation
15% S
10% S

or 0.15, take the larger value

12.5% S
10% S +12.5%S

4.2.4 According to the requirements of the purchaser, through the mutual negotiation of both
the purchaser and the supplier and indicated in the contract, steel tube with allowable
deviation of dimensions excluded of Table 1, Table 2 or Table 3.
4.3 Length
4.3.1 Usual length
Usual length of the steel tube is 3000mm~12500mm.
4.3.2 Scope length
According to requirements of the purchaser, through the mutual negotiation of both the
purchaser and the supplier, and indicated in the contract, steel tube may be delivered
according to the scope length. The length scope shall be within the scope of usual length.
4.3.3 Cut-to-length and multiple lengths
4.3.3.1 According to requirements of the purchaser, through the mutual negotiation of both
the purchaser and the supplier, and indicated in the contract, the steel tube may be delivered
according to the cut length or multiple lengths.
4.3.3.2 The cut length of steel tube shall be within the usual length scope, and the allowable
deviation of the cut lengths shall comply with the following provisions:
a) The cut length is no greater than 6000 mm,

10
0

mm;
5

b) The cut length is greater than 6000 mm,

15
0

mm.

4.3.3.3 Total multiple length of the steel tube shall be within the usual length, the full-length
allowable deviation is

20
0

mm, and multiple lengths shall be set aside kerf surplus according

to the following provisions:

a) The outside diameter is no greater than 159 mm, 5 mm~10 mm;
b) The outside diameter is greater than 159 mm, 10 mm~15 mm.
4.4 Tortuosity factor
4.4.1 The tortuosity factor of steel tube per meter shall be in accordance with those specified
in Table 4.
Table 4 Tortuosity Factor of Steel Tube
Nominal wall thickness of steel tube /mm

Tortuosity factor of per meter (mm/m)

15

1.5

>15~30

2.0

>30 or D351

3.0

4.4.2 Full-length tortuosity factor of the steel tube shall be no greater than 1.5 of the total
steel tube length.
4.5 Noncircularity and wall unevenness
According to the requirements of the purchaser, through the negotiation of both the
purchaser and the supplier, and indicated in the contract, the noncircularity and wall
unevenness of steel tube shall be no more than 80% of the outside diameter and wall
thickness tolerances respectively.
4.6 Terminal shape
4.6.1 The steel tube with nominal outside diameter of no greater than 60 mm, the pipe
terminal shear drag shall be no more than 1.5 mm; the steel tube with nominal outside
diameter of greater than 60 mm, the pipe terminal shear drag shall be no more than 2.5% of
the nominal outside diameter of steel tube, but the maximum outside diameter shall be no
more than 6mm. The shear drag of the steel tube sees Figure 1.

Figure 1 Shear Drag

4.6.2 Terminal kerf burr of the steel tube shall be removed.

4.7 Weight
4.7.1 The steel tube shall be delivered according to the actual weight, or it may be delivered
according to theoretical weight. Calculation for theoretical weight of the steel tube complies
with GB/T 17395 and the steel density is 7.85 kg/dm3.
4.7.2 According to the requirements of the purchaser, through mutual negotiation of the
purchaser and the supplier, and indicated in the contract, the deviation between theoretical
weight and actual weight of the delivered steel tube shall comply with the following
requirements:
a) Unipivot steel tube: 10%;
b) Steel tube with minimum lot's weight of 10t:7.5%.

5. Technical requirements

5.1 Grade of steel and chemical composition

5.1.1 The grade and chemical composition (heat analysis) of carbon constructional quality
steel shall comply with the requirements of 10, 15, 20, 25, 35, 45, 20Mn and 25Mn specified
in GB/T 699.
The grade and chemical composition (heat analysis) of the low-alloy high-tensile
structural steel shall comply with GB/T 1591, therein, phosphine and sulfur content of steel
with quality grade of A, B and C shall not be greater than 0.030%.
The grade and chemical composition (heat analysis) of alloy structure steels shall comply
with GB/T 3077.
Chemical composition (heat analysis) of the steel in grades of Q235 and Q275 shall be in
accordance with those specified in Table 5.

Table 5 Chemical Composition (Heat Analysis) of Q235 and Q275 Steel

Chemical composition (mass fraction)a/%
Grade

Quality grade

Si

Mn

Alt(Total aluminium)b

No greater than

Q235

0.22

0.20
0.35

1.4

0.030

0.030

0.030

0.030

0.025

0.025

O.020

0.030

0.030

0.030

0.030

0.025

0.025

O.020

0.17
D

Q275

0.24

0.21

C
D

0.35

1.50

0.20

The content of residual elements Cr and Ni shall be no greater than 0.30%, and Cu content shall be no greater than

0.20%.
b

When analyzing Als (acid-soluble aluminium), Als0.015%.

5.1.2 According to the requirements of the purchaser and through the mutual negotiation of
both the purchaser and the supplier, the steel tube with other grades can be produced.
5.1.3 When the purchaser requires product analysis, it shall be indicated in the contract, and
the allowable deviation of the chemical composition of the finished steel tube shall comply
with GB/T 222.
5.2 Manufacturing method
5.2.1 Smelting process of steel
The steel shall be smelted with electric arc furnace plus out-of-furnace refining or
oxygen converter plus out-of-furnace refining method.
Through the mutual negotiation of the purchaser and the supplier, the steel may also be
smelted by other method with higher requirements. If the purchaser specifies some smelting
process, the smelting process shall be clearly indicated in the contract.
5.2.2 Manufacturing method of the tubular billet
The tubular billet is made by continuous casting or hot rolling (forging), and the steel
ingot may also be used as tubular billet directly.
5.2.3 Manufacturing method of the steel tube
The steel tube shall be made with hot rolling (extruding and expanding) or cold drawing
(rolling) seamless method. If the purchaser specifies some steel tube manufacturing process,
the manufacturing process shall be clearly indicated in the contract.
5.3 Delivery state
5.3.1 The hot rolling (extruding and expanding) steel tube shall be delivered in hot rolling
state or heat treatment condition. If the purchaser requires delivery in heat treatment condition,
8

it shall be clearly indicated in the contract.

5.3.2 The cold drawing (rolling) steel tube shall be delivered in heat treatment condition.
According to the requirement of the purchaser, through the mutual negotiation of the
purchaser and the supplier, and indicated in the contract, the cold drawing (rolling) steel tube
may be delivered in cold drawing (rolling) state as well.
5.4 Mechanical properties
5.4.1 Tensile property
5.4.1.1 The tensile property of carbon constructional quality steel, low-alloy high-tensile
structural steel or Q235 and Q275 steel tubes shall be in accordance with those specified in
Table 6 in their delivery state.
5.4.1.2 Sample roughcast of alloy structure steel tube is heat-treated according to heat
treatment system recommended in Table 7, and the longitudinal tensile property measured for
the sample shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 7.
5.4.1.3 The mechanical properties of steel tube delivered in cold drawing (rolling) state
agreed by both the purchaser and the supplier.

Table 6 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Constructional Quality Steel, Low-alloy High-tensile

Structural Steel, or Steel Tubes in Grades of Q235 And Q275

Grade

Quality

Tensile strength

grade

Rm/MPa

Lower yield strength

Post-breaking

ReLa/MPa

extensibility

Wall thickness/mm
16

>16 30

A/%

>30
No less than

Impact test
Absorbed energy
Temperature /

KV2/J
No greater than

10

335

205

195

185

24

15

375

225

215

205

22

20

410

245

235

225

20

25

450

275

265

255

18

35

510

305

295

285

17

45

590

335

325

315

14

20Mn

450

275

265

255

20

25Mn

490

295

285

275

18

A
B

Q235

235

225

215

25

415~540

275

265

255

22

D
A
B

390~570

295

275

255

22

20

B
C

470~630

345

325

295

E
A

18

B
C

490~650

390

370

350

E
A

18

B
C

520~680

420

400

380

+20

34

+20

460

440

420

17

34

20
-40

27

+20
34

-20
40

27

+20
34

-20

0
550~720

E
a

-40

C
D

27

0
19

Q460

0
19

Q420

+20

0
21

Q390

27

-20

Q345

0
-20

Q295

+20

Q275

375~500

-20
40

27
34
27

During the tensile test period, if yield strength cannot be measured, the specified non-proportion extension intensity

RP0.2 may be measured to replace ReL.

10

Table 7 Mechanical Properties of Alloy Steel Tube

Recommended heat treatment system a

Brinell Hardness

Tensile property

of steel tube
Quenching (normalizing)
Serial
number

Grade

Temperature /
For the

For the

Coolant

Tensile Lower yield Post-breaking

Tempering

Temperature
/

strength

strength f

extensibility

Rm/MPa

ReL/MPa

A/%

Coolant
No less than

first time second time

1

40Mn2

840

45Mn2

annealing or
high tempering
in delivery state
No greater than

Water and oil

540

Water and oil

885

735

12

217

840

Water and oil

550

Water and oil

885

735

10

217

27SiMn

920

Water

450

Water and oil

980

835

12

217

40MnBb

850

oil

500

Water and oil

980

785

10

207

45MnB

840

oil

500

Water and oil

1030

835

217

20Mn2Bb, c

880

oil

200

Water and air

980

785

10

187

835

540

10

179

20Crc, e

880

Water and oil

200

Water and air

785

490

10

179

800

30Cr

860

oil

500

Water and oil

885

685

11

187

35Cr

860

oil

500

Water and oil

930

735

11

207

10

40Cr

850

oil

520

Water and oil

980

785

207

11

45Cr

840

oil

520

Water and oil

1030

835

217

12

50Cr

830

oil

520

Water and oil

1080

930

229

13

38CrSi

900

oil

600

Water and oil

980

835

12

255

14

12CrMo

900

air

650

air

410

265

24

179

15

15CrMo

900

air

650

air

440

295

22

179

16

20CrMoc, e

880

Water and oil

500

Water and oil

885

685

11

197

845

635

12

197

17

35CrMo

850

oil

550

Water and oil

980

835

12

229

18

42CrMo

850

oil

560

Water and oil

1080

930

12

217

19

12CrMoV

970

air

750

air

440

225

22

241

20

12CrlMoV

970

air

750

air

490

245

22

179

21

38CrMoAIe

940

Water and oil

640

Water and oil

980

835

12

229

930

785

14

229

22

50CrVA

860

oil

500

Water and oil

1275

1130

10

255

23

20CrMn

850

oil

200

Water and air

930

735

10

187

24

20CrMnSie

880

oil

480

Water and oil

785

635

12

207

25

30CrMnSic, e

880

oil

520

Water and oil

1080

885

229

980

835

10

229

26

880

oil

230

Water and air

1620

229

35CrMnSiA

11

Table 7 (Continued)
Recommended heat treatment system a

Brinell

Tensile property

Hardness of
Quenching (normalizing)

Tempering

Tensile
strength

Serial
number

Grade

Temperature /

For the
first time

For the

Rm/MPa
Coolant

Temperature
/

Lower
yield
strength f

Post-breaking

steel tube

extensibility

annealing or

A/%

high tempering

ReL/MPa

in delivery state

Coolant
No less than

second

No greater than

time

27

d e

20CrMnTi -

880

870

oil

200

Water and air

1080

835

10

217

28

30CrMnTid-e

880

850

oil

200

Water and air

1470

229

29

12CrNi2

860

780

Water and oil

200

Water and air

785

590

12

207

30

12CrNi3

860

780

oil

200

Water and air

930

685

11

217

31

12Cr2Ni4

860

780

oil

200

Water and air

1080

835

10

269

32

40CrNiMoA

850

oil

600

Water and oil

980

835

12

269

45CrNiMoVA

860

oil

460

oil

1470

1325

269

33
a

The permissible adjustment range of heat treatment temperature listed in the table: 20 for quenching; 30 for low-temperature tempering;

50 for high-temperature tempering.

b

The boracic steel may be normalizing before quenching, and the normalizing temperature shall be no higher than its quenching temperature.

Delivered according to a group of data specified by the purchaser; when the purchaser is not specified, it may be delivered according to any

group of data therein.

d

The first quenching of Cr-Mn-Ti steel may be replaced by normalizing.

Isothermal quenching at temperature of 280~ 320.

During the tensile test period, if yield strength cannot be measured, the specified non-proportion extension intensity RP0.2 may be measured to

replace ReL.

5.4.2 Hardness test

The alloy structure steel tube delivered in annealing or high-temperature tempering state
and in wall thickness of no greater than 5mm, the Brinell hardness shall be in accordance with
those specified in Table 7.
5.4.3 Impact test
5.4.3.1 For low-alloy high-tensile structural steel and Q235 or Q275 steel tubes, when their
outside diameter is no less than 70mm and their wall thickness is no less than 6.5 mm, impact
test shall be made, while the impact absorbed energy and test temperature of its compound
ratio V-notch impact test shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 6. Impact
absorbed energy is calculated according to arithmetic mean value of three samples of one
group, single value of one of the samples therein is permitted to be less than the specified
value, but it shall be no less than 70% of the specified value.
5.4.3.2 Impact absorbed energy listed in Table 6 is the desired value of impact absorbed
energy for Charpy V-notch samples in standard dimension. When the steel tube dimension
cannot prepare samples in standard dimension, undersized bearing samples may be prepared;
when the undersized bearing impact sample is used, the desired value of minimum Charpy
V-notch impact absorbed energy shall be the product of desired value for the impact absorbed
12

energy of standard sized sample multiplied by reduction coefficient listed in Table 8. The
dimension of the impact sample shall give preference to select larger dimension.
Table 8 Reduction Coefficient of Impact Absorbed Energy for Undersized Bearing Sample
Sample specifications

Sample size (heightwidth) (mmmm)

Reduction coefficient

Standard sample

1010

1.00

Small sample

107.5

0.75

Small sample

105

0.50

5.4.3.3 According to the requirements of the purchaser, through mutual negotiation of both
the purchaser and the supplier, and indicated in the contract, steel with other grades and
quality grades may also be made with Charpy V test, and its test temperature, testing size and
impact absorbed energy are determined by the agreement of both the purchaser and the
supplier.
5.5 Technical properties
5.5.1 Flattening test
The steel tube made of steels in grades of 10, 15, 20, 25, 20Mn, 25Mn, Q235, Q275,
Q295, Q345, with outside diameter of >22 mm~400mm and with wall thickness to outside
diameter ratio of no greater than 10% shall be made with flattening test; after flattening, the
flat plate interval of the steel tube shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 9.
After flattening, crack or rupture is not allowed to emerge on the sample.
Table 9 Flat Plate Interval after Steel Tube Flattening

Grade

Flat plate interval of the flattening test (H)a/mm

10, 15, 20, 25, Q235

2/3D

Q275, Q295, Q345, 20Mn, 25Mn

7/8D

The minimum value of flat plate interval (H) for the flattening test shall be 5wall thickness of the steel tube.

5.5.2 Bending test

According to the requirements of the purchaser, through the mutual negotiation of both
the purchaser and the supplier, and indicated in the contract, steel tube with the outside
diameter of no greater than 22mm may be made with bending test, with bend angle of 90,
and bend core radius of 6outside diameter of the steel tube; after the bending, the sample
sinuosity is not allowed to emerge crack or rupture.
5.6 Surface quality
Inside and outside surface of the steel tube are not allowed with visible crack, foldover,
scar, rolling and delamination. These flaws shall be removed completely, and the removing
depth shall not be more than the minus tolerance of the nominal wall thickness; the practical
wall thickness at the removing part shall be no less than the minimum allow of the wall
thickness deviation.
As for other partial flaws, if their wall thickness is no less than the minus tolerance, they
are allowed to be present.

13

5.7 Nondestructive test

According to the requirements of the purchaser, through mutual negotiation of both the
purchaser and the supplier, and indicated in the contract, the steel tube may be nondestructive
tested with one or more of the following methods, or with other methods.
a) The artificial flaw dimension for making ultrasonic inspection according to GB/T
5777: L3 (C10) for cold drawing (rolling) pipe; L4 (C12) for hot rolling (extruding and
expanding steel tube);
b) Eddy current inspection is made according to requirements of GB/T 7735, with its
acceptance grade is A;
c) Magnetic leakage test is made according to requirements of GB/T 12606, with its
acceptance grade is L4.

6. Test method
6.1 The dimensions and contour of steel pipe shall be measured with the measuring tools in line
with accuracy requirement.
6.2 The internal and external surfaces of steel pipe shall be subject to visual inspection under
sufficient lighting conditions.
6.3 The sampling method and test method for other inspection items of steel pipe shall meet the
requirements as set in Table 10.
Table 10 Inspection item, sampling quantity, sampling method and test method
No.

Inspection item

sampling quantity

sampling
method

test method

Chemical composition

One sample from each furnace

GB/T 20066

Tensile test

GB/T 2975

Hardness test

GB/T 2975

GB/T 231.1

Impact test

GB/T 2975

GB/T 229

Flattening test

GB/T 246

GB/T 246

Bending test

GB/T 244

GB/T 244

7
8
9

Ultrasonic flaw detection test

Eddy current test
Magnetic flux leakage flaw
detection test

One sample from each of two pipes for each

batch
One sample from each of two pipes for each
batch
One group of 3 samples from each of two
pipes for each batch
One sample from each of two pipes for each
batch
One sample from each of two pipes for each
batch
Piece by piece
Piece by piece
Piece by piece

GB/T 223
GB/T 4336
GB/T 20123
GB/T 20124
GB/T 20125
GB/T 228

-------

GB/T 5777
GB/T7735
GB/T 12606

14

7. Inspection rules
7.1 Examination and acceptance
The examination and acceptance of steel pipe shall be carried out by the quality and technical
supervision department of the Supplier.
7.2 Rules for batch grouping
7.2.1 Examination and acceptance of steel pipe shall be conducted in terms of batch.
7.2.2 If the steel pipes are no longer heat treated after cut into single pieces, then, all the segments
cut from the steel pipe rolled from one pipe ingot shall be deemed as one piece.
7.2.3 Each batch shall be composed of the steel pipes of the same grade, the same furnace number,
the same size and the same treatment system (furnace). The quantity of each batch of steel
pipes shall not exceed the following provisions:
a) Outer diameter no greater than 76mm and wall thickness no greater than 3 mm: 400
pieces;
b) Outer diameter greater than 351mm: 50 pieces;
c) Other dimensions: 200 pieces.
7.2.4 When special requirements are proposed by the Buyer in advance, one batch can be
composed of the steel pipes of the same grade and the same size from different furnace
numbers as for 10, 15, 20, 25, 35, 45, Q235, Q275, 20Mn and 25MN.
7.2.5 For the number of pieces of remaining steel pipes, if it is no less than 50% of the above
provisions, it shall constitute one batch separately, if less than 50% of the above provisions, it
can be integrated into the adjacent batch of the same grade, furnace number and size.
7.3 Sampling quantity
The sampling quantity for each inspection item of each batch steel pipe shall meet the
requirement of Table 10 hereof.
7.4 Rules for reinspection and determination
The reinspection and determination of steel pipes shall meet the requirement of GB/T 2102.

8. Packaging, marking and quality certification

The packaging, marking and quality certification of steel pipes shall meet the requirement of
GB/T 2102.

15