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Outlines
Background
Background
Coil-Wound Heat Exchanger(CWHE)main cryogenic HE in LNG process
Advantages
Compact structure
Large operation range
Multi-stream flow
Large-scale oriented
Background
The performance of CWHE is critically important
2
1
CWHE represents 20%~30% of
the investment costs and about
25% of the total exergy lost.
Main Component
Outlet of
CWHE 4
Liquid
6
Gas
Storage
Condition
mLiquid 1 x5 m
S
Background
Existed models for CWHE heat exchanger
Effect considered by model
Effects
LPM
DPM
Zones
Elements
SEM
Single-phase flow
Two-phase flow
Change in fluid properties
Multiple streams
Flow maldistribution
Tube arrangement
Pressure drop coupling effects
Approach
Flow maldistribution
Tube arrangement
Description method
based on graph theory
Specific decoupling
algorithms
Simulation tool
CWHE Model
Layer evolution model
Model characteristic
1.CV is divided layer-by-layer
Shell-side fluid
CWHE Model
Governing equations
Tube-side fluid
Mass equation
Fluid #2
0
tu
Momentum equation
tu
Shell-side fluid
Mass equation
0
su
Momentum equation
u
u
Fluid #1
Energy conservation
N
G
hh
G
hh
t
,
i t
,,
i
n
i
i
t
,
o
u
t
,
i
ss
,
o
u
t s
,
i
n
l
n
CWHE Model
Tube arrangement description method
LNG to storage tank
26
27
30 31
28 29
24
25
16
17
20 21
18 19
22 23
18
14
14
19
21
22
23
15
16
4
8 9
13
20
13
11
12
15
12
10
17
24
10 11
25
28
29
30
31
26
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0
0 0
= 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27 28 29 30 31 32
0
0 0
0
0 0
0 1 0
0 1 0
0
0 1
0
0 1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27
Feed
gas
1
0
27
28
29
30
31
32
CWHE Model
Heat transfer path creation
27
30 31
28 29
24
Inlet 0
17
15
20 21
18 19
22 23
4
6
Feed
gas
14
13
3
7
8 9
10 11
1
0
Inlet 1
Inlet 2
25
16
12
0->6->3
0->7->3
3->12
12->18->15
12->19->15
15->24
24->28->26
24->29->26
1->8->4
1->9->4
2->10->5
2->11->5
5->13
13->20->16
13->21->16
5->14
14->22->17
14->23->17
17->25
25->30->27
25->31->27
CWHE Model
Pressure drop path creation
According to the depth first search algorithm
Starts from one split point, and ends at the
refrigerant outlet point
Inlet 0
27
30 31
28 29
24
Inlet 1
25
16
17
15
18 19
12
20 21
22 23
4
6
Feed
gas
14
13
8 9
10 11
1
0
Inlet 2
0->6->3->12->18->15->24->28->26
0->7->3->12->18->15->24->28->26
3->12->18->15->24->28->26
12->18->15->24->28->26
12->19->15->24->28->26
15->24->28->26
24->28->26
24->29->26
1->8->4
1->9->4
2->10->5->13->20->16
2->11->5->13->20->16
5->13->20->16
5->14->22->17->25->30->27
13->20->16
13->21->16
14->22->17->25->30->27
14->23->17->25->30->27
17->25->30->27
25->30->27
25->31->27
Algorithm
Heat transfer and pressure drop alternative iteration algorithm
Heat transfer module
Start
Creation of
calculation path
i=i+1
j=j+1
k=k+1
Current CV No.[k]
Current CV No.[k]
k>Total
amount of
CV
Pressure drop
calculation module
No
Yes
j>Total amount
of Tube
No
No
Yes
No
j>Total amount
of Tube
No
No
Yes
i>Total
Amount of
HTPath
No
Yes
i>Total
Amount of
HTPath
k>Total
amount of
CV
Convergence
criterion module
i=i+1
j=j+1
k=k+1
Heat transfer
calculation module
end
Initial parameter
setting
Convergence
criterion module
Algorithm
Mass flow rate distribution principle
p S1G12 p S 2G22
... p S n G n2
G1 : G2 : : Gn
S1
1
S2
::
Sn
1 / S1
n
1 /
i 1
Si
1/ S 2
n
1 /
i 1
Si
::
1/ S n
n
1 /
i 1
Si
Simulation tool
Framework of Simulation tool
Third-party software
ExcelModeFrontier...
3D/2D interactive
graphic interface
CWHE geometry
Flow arrangement
Simulation
package
General results
Input module
Output module
Calculation of mixture
refrigerant thermal
properties
Simulation module
Simulation tool
Main interface of Simulation tool
Main menu and toolbar
Tree Menu of input
and output Dialogs
Simulation tool
Three-bundle Type
Double-bundle Type
Single-bundle Type
Simulation tool
Three-dimensional graphics aided design
Simulation tool
Results in coordinate chart
Show the temperature, pressure, enthalpy and quality variation along the tube
Simulation tool
Results in 3D colored graph
Setting dialog
Select
parameter
Select stream
Conclusions
1. A layer evolution model is built, which could take the flow
maldistribution effect and the tube arrangement effect into
account .