WELL CONTROL

What Is A Kick?
It Is An Influx Of Formation Fluid Into The Well.

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What Is A Blowout?
An Uncontrolled Exit Of The Formation Fluids At The Surface

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What Is Formation Pressure?
All Formations We Drilled Consists of Rock
Grains and Pore Space.
Formation Fluid Pressure Is the Pressure of
the Fluids That Exist in Pore Space
Pore Spaces
Grains

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What Is Well Control?
Preventing A Kick
PRIMARY

MUD HYDROSTATIC

OR
Shutting In The Well After A Kick Has Been Taken
BLOW OUT PREVENTERS

SECONDARY

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Well Control?

PRIMARY
PREVENTION
TAKE KICK

KILL WELL

SHUT IN WELL

SECONDARY
5

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How Can You Prevent A Kick?
KNOW WHAT CAUSES A KICK
USE CORRECT RIG PRACTICES

WELL CONTROL
MUD HYDROSTATIC FALLS
FORMATION
PRESSURE

OR

MUD
HYDROSTATIC

FORMATION PRESSURE RISES

7

WELL CONTROL
Causes Of Kicks
Kicks Occur When
Under Balance
Under Balance Is Caused by :

1. Mud Hydrostatic Reduction.

2. Increase in Formation Pressure.

WELL CONTROL
What Causes Mud Hydrostatic To Drop?

Pressure = Mud Wt X Constant X TVD

Reduce Mud Weight

Reduce Length
Of Mud Column

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Mud Hydrostatic Reduction.
Running Into Bubbles

10

WELL CONTROL
Example
Hole TVD
10,000ft (81/2)
Hole cap.
0.0772 bbl/ft
Dc / hole cap.
0.03 bbl/ft
Mud wt.
11
ppg
Formation gradient.
0.56
psi/ft
Influx size 10 bbls while POOH (Swabbing)
Gas gradient
0.1
psi/ft
What is effect on BHP when run back to the bottom

11

WELL CONTROL
Mud Hydrostatic Reduction.
Circulating Hole Clean

12

WELL CONTROL
Mud Hydrostatic Reduction.
Gas in the Well Bore
Drilled Gas

13

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Effect of Gas Expansion
Example:well depth 7000
mud wt.

11 ppg

influx (gas) volume 1 cu. Ft

Calculate vol. Of gas @ 6000, 5000, 4000, 3000,
2000, 1000, 500, 250 and @ surface
gas Pressure @7000

= 11 X .052 X 7000=4000 psi

Vol. Of gas @6000 =1.16 cu.ft

@5000 = 1.39 cu.ft

@4000 = 1.75 cu.ft

@3000 = 2.33 cu.ft

@2000 = 3.5 cu.ft

@1000 = 7.00 cu.ft

@500 = 14.0 cu.ft

@250 = 28.0 cu.ft

@125 = 56.0 cu.ft

@surface = 272 cu.ft

14

WELL CONTROL
Mud Hydrostatic Reduction.
Swabbing

15

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Swabbing
Momentary reduction in BHP due to reduction in
hydrostatic force cased by the upward suction action
of the drill string, which can allow a small invasion
into well bore.
Main Causes:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Pulling Pipe Too Fast

High Viscosity Mud
Small Collar to Hole Wall Clearance
Balled-Up' Bit

16

WELL CONTROL
Mud Hydrostatic Reduction.
Pumping Light Mud

psi

17

Bottom Hole Pressures

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What Can Reduce Mud Weight ?
Loss of Barite
Centrifuge
Shakers
Desilters
Poor Mud/Settling

Pit

Hole
18

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Losses

19

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Losses

20

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Mud Hydrostatic Reduction.
Pull Out Without Filling The Hole

Rig Floor

Flowline

21

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Pressure or Level Drop Per Foot Pulled
Dry Pipe =

Mud Grad X Metal Displacement

( Casing Cap - Metal Displacement)

Wet Pipe =

Mud Grad X Metal Disp. + pipe Cap

Casing Cap - Metal Disp. + Pipe Cap

Casing Cap = Annular Cap + Pipe Cap + Metal Disp.

** All Capacities In bbls/ ft.

22

WELL CONTROL
Example
Mud Weight

= 12 ppg

Metal Disp

= .0075 bbls / ft.

Pipe Cap

= .0177 bbls / ft.

Casing Cap

= .076 bbls / ft.

Stand Length

= 93 ft.

Calculate Pressure Drop When

A) Pulling One Stand Dry.
B) Pulling One Stand Wet.

23

WELL CONTROL
Answer
Dry Pipe =

Mud Grad X Metal Displacement

( Casing Cap - Metal Displacement)

12 X 0.052 X 0.0075
(0.076 - 0.0075)
= 6.8 psi
=

Wet Pipe =

Mud Grad X Metal Disp. + pipe Cap

Casing Cap - Metal Disp. + Pipe Cap

12 X 0.052 X (0.075 + 0.0177)

0.076 - (0.075 + 0.0177)
= 28.78 psi

24

WELL CONTROL
Example
720 Ft Of 8 Drill Collars.
D.C. Capacity

= .0077 bbls / ft.

D.C. Displacement

= .0546 bbls / ft.

Mud Weight

= 15 ppg.

Casing Capacity

= .1497 bbls / ft.

Calculate.
A. Drop in Mud Level when all collars are pulled
from the hole without filling the annulus.
B. Drop in Bottom Hole Pressure.

25

WELL CONTROL
Failure of Float collar

Rig Floor

Flowline

26

WELL CONTROL
Example
A13 3/8 String Casing Is Run Into The Hole With Conventional Float. The
Driller Did Not Fill The Casing For Fourteen 40 ft Joints. If Float Were To
Fail At This Point, And Mud U-tubes Up Inside The Casing, Calculate The
Effect On Bottom Hole Pressure.
Data:Casing Capacity
= 0.152 bbls/ft
Annular Capacity
= 0.1238 bbls/ft
Mud Weight
= 12.6 ppg
Answer
Hydrostatic Pressure Loss If Casing Float Fail =
Mud Gradient X Casing Capacity X Differential Height
(Casing Capacity + Annular Capacity)
0.665 X 0.152 X 14 X40
( 0.152 + 0.1238)

= 205 psi

27

WELL CONTROL
Key Prevention Practices.
Do Not R.I.H. Too Fast.
Monitor Trip Tank.
Always Fill Hole With Correct Mud.
Monitor ECD.
Keep Viscosity Down To Acceptable Level.
Keep Casing Full.
Know What Mud Is In Hole.

28

WELL CONTROL
Causes Of Abnormal Pressure
Under Compaction
Faulting
Sand Lens
Salt Dome
Artesian
Gas Cap
Leaks Around Casing

29

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Under Compaction (Trapped Water)

Permeable Layers Trap Water.

Fluid Pressure Rises Steeply

30

WELL CONTROL
Sand Lens

31

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Faulting

Sand A
0

Sand A
0

32

WELL CONTROL
Salt Domes

33

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Artesian Effects
Rain
Underground
water level

1000

Spring

0
500

Calculate Mud Weight To Balance?

Formation Water = .433 psi/ft

34

WELL CONTROL
Gas Cap Effect

7000

8000
.465 psi/ft
Normal Pressure
35

WELL CONTROL
Example
Calculate the pressure at top of the reservoir
Pressure at 8000

= 8000 X .465 =

3720 psi

Height of reservoir = 8000 7000 =

1000

Ph of the reservoir = 1000 X 0.1 =

100 psi

Pr at 7000

= 3720 100

3620 psi

E.M.W. at 8000

= 3720 / .052 / 8000/ =

8.94 ppg

E.M.W. at 7000

= 3620 / .052 / 7000 =

9.94 ppg

In trapped gas reservoir, the highest point of the reservoir

usually has the highest pressure. Due to gas less dense
than formation water.

36

WELL CONTROL
Leaks Around Casing

37

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Causes Of Kicks
Revision:
KICKS OCCUR WHEN
UNDERBALANCE
UNDERBALANCE IS CAUSED BY :
MUD WEIGHT REDUCTION.
DROP IN MUD LEVEL.
INCREASE IN FORMATION PRESSURE.

38

WELL CONTROL
Kick Prevention
Monitor Trips - In And Out
Circulate Bottoms Up If In Doubt Of Hole Condition
Monitor Well At All Times
Trip Carefully In And Out
Pump Out If Tight Hole
Circulate Through Choke If A Lot Of Gas Is Expected
Keep Mud In Good Shape
Always Keep Hole Full
Double Check Effect Of Lightweight Mud/Pills
Pump Good Cement

39

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What Is Warning Signs
Information From the Well That
Tells You That the Well May Be Getting
Close to Being Under Balanced
Your Safety Margin Is Getting Less.

40

WELL CONTROL
Kick Warning Signs
1. ROP Changes
Overbalance Less
Softer Rock
2. Hole condition
Squeezing Rock
Torque / Drag / Fill
3. Data from Mud
Gas
Cuttings
Temperature

Chlorides
Shale Property
Trip Monitor

41

WELL CONTROL
Major Warning Signs
Improper Fill up or Displacement During Trips
Connection Gas
Increased Background Gas
Increased Drilling Rate
Flowline Mud Temperature Increase
Increased Chloride Content of Mud
Increased Drill String Torque
Increased Drill String Drag
Increased Number and Size of Cuttings
Decreasing Shale Density
42

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What Is a Drilling Break

Sometimes Called Fast Break

A Sudden Increase in R.O.P
How Much
How Far to Drill ?
What About a Decrease in R.O.P ?

What Affects ROP

WOB

Hydraulics

RPM

Rock Type

Bit Type

Overbalance
43

WELL CONTROL
Increased Drilling Rate

9.00

9850

9.15
9.30

9855
9860

Increasing
Drill Rate
(ROP)

Geolograph Chart

44

WELL CONTROL
Increased Drill String Torque

45

WELL CONTROL
Cuttings Size and Shape

Drilled cuttings

Knocked Off,
Heaving Shale Cuttings

46

WELL CONTROL
Cause of Connection Gas
Mud Static
Kick Can Occur

Mud Circulating Formation Under Control

Connection Gas being Circulated to Surface

0
psi

3000
psi
Annular
Pressure Loss
= 250 psi

11 ppg
mud
BHP=
6864 psi

BHP=
7114 psi

12000
7000 psi

Formation Pressure

7000 psi

47

WELL CONTROL
Flow Line Temperature Graph

9500

Normal
Pressure

9600
9700
9800
9900

Abnormal
Pressure

10000
10100
10200
Temperature Increase

48

WELL CONTROL
Shale Density Graph
Abnormal Pressure Zones Exhibited a DECREASING
Shale Density with DEPTH
Normal Trend Line
9500
9600

Shale
Sand

Normal
Pressure

Shale

9700
9800
9900

Sand

Shale
Increasing
Formation Fluid
Pressure

10000
10100
Sand

10200

Increasing Shale Density

49

WELL CONTROL
Surface Kick Indicators
Excess Flow From the Well When Tripping
Return Flow Rate Increase When Pumping
Pit Gain
Drilling Break
Decreased Pump Pressure/increased SPM
Flow From Well With Pumps Off

50

WELL CONTROL
What Action to Take?
First :

Shut the Well In

Second :

Choose and Use a Kill Method to

Restore the Mud Hydrostatic
Pressure to Level That Re-Establishes
Primary Control

51

WELL CONTROL
Reason for Shut In
To Prevent Blowout
To Allow Pressure Reading to Be Taken for
Kill Mud

Shut In Methods
Hard
Soft

52

WELL CONTROL
Shut In Practices
Things That Delay Shut In.
Flow / Pit Alarms Not Set (Properly)
Drill Too Far After Drilling Break
Lack of Shut In Training
Lack of Maintenance & Testing
Waiting for Instructions
Accumulator Unit Not Working
Not Monitoring Trips
Low Level of Crew Awareness

53

WELL CONTROL
Soft Method

Drilling

Line up With Remote Choke Opened.

Raise Kelly/Top Drive Until Tool Joint Is Above Rotary
Table
Shut Down Mud Pumps
Open Choke Line Valve (HCR) at Stack
Check That Adjustable Choke Is Open
Close Annular Preventer *
Close Adjustable Choke
Record Shut in Pressure and Pit Gain
* API Soft Shut in States BOP
(It Does Not Specify an Annular)
54

WELL CONTROL
Soft Method

Tripping

Line up With Remote Choke Opened.

Install and make up the fully opened SAFETY VALVE in
the Drill String.
Close the Safety Valve
Open Choke Line Valve (HCR) at Stack
Check That Adjustable Choke Is Open
Close Annular Preventer *
Close Adjustable Choke
Pick up and make up Kelly?Top Drive
Open Safety Valve
Record Shut in Pressures and Pit Gain
* API Soft Shut in States BOP
(It Does Not Specify an Annular)
55

WELL CONTROL
Hard Method

Drilling

Line up With Remote Choke Closed.

Raise Kelly/Top Drive Until Tool Joint Is Above Rotary
Table
Shut Down Mud Pumps
Close Ram Preventer *
Open Choke Line Valve (HCR) at Stack
Record Shut in Pressure and Pit Gain
* API Soft Shut in States BOP
(It Does Not Specify a Ram)

56

WELL CONTROL
Hard Method

Tripping

Line up With Remote Choke Closed.

Install and make up the fully opened SAFETY VALVE in
the Drill String.
Close the Safety Valve
Close Ram Preventer *
Open Choke Line Valve (HCR) at Stack
Pick up and make up Kelly?Top Drive
Open Safety Valve
Record Shut in Pressures and Pit Gain
* API Soft Shut in States BOP
(It Does Not Specify a Ram)
57

WELL CONTROL
Hard Vs Soft
Hard
Quicker
Less to Remember
Smaller Influx
Soft

Slower
Checks if choke line is Clean
Larger Influx
Reduces Water Hammer Effect

58

WELL CONTROL
Top Hole Drilling
Problems
1. Shallow Gas
Many Rigs That Are Burned up Suffered
Shallow Gas Kicks
2. Losing the Hole and a Re-drill

59

WELL CONTROL
Shallow Gas

Wind Direction

200 ft

60

WELL CONTROL
Shut in Data
SIDPP
SICP
Pit Gain

Shut In Drill pipe Pressure

Shut In Casing Pressure

SIDPP
Tells You Under Balance Inside Drill String
SICP

Tells You Under Balance Inside Annulus

Pit Gain
Tells You Size of Influx at Shut in
61

WELL CONTROL
SIDPP Vs SICP

SIDPP

Why Are They Different?

psi

Pump
SICP
0

psi

Choke
Manifold

Mud in Annulus Is Contaminated

Therefore Less Hydrostatic

Influx Height

62

WELL CONTROL
Pressure Vs Strokes
Increase SPM = Increase PSI
Approximate Effect Is :
New SPM

= Old Pump Pressure X Old SPM

63

WELL CONTROL
Pressure Vs Drilling Fluid Density
Increase M. Wt = Increase PSI
Approximate Effect Is:
= Old Pump Pressure X

64

New M.Wt
Old M.Wt

WELL CONTROL
Kill Mud
Kill Mud Weight

SIDPP
TVD X 0.052

+ Present Mud Wt.

65

WELL CONTROL
Initial and Final Circulating Pressure
I.C.P. = Slow Circulating Pressure + SIDPP

F.C.P. = Slow Circulating Pressure X

66

Kill M.Wt
Old M.Wt

WELL CONTROL
Bottom Hole Pressure
Pressure Exerted on the Bottom of the Hole.
B.H.P = Mud Hydrostatic
+
Back Pressure Held at Remote Choke
+
Annular Pressure Loss (APL)

67

WELL CONTROL
Slow Pump Rate
Normally 1/2 - 1/4 Drilling SPM
Why Kill Well at Slow Rate?
How Are They Taken?
When Are They Taken?
How Are They Used in Kill Process?

68

WELL CONTROL
Causes Effect the Choice of SCR
1. Size Of Choke And Choke Lines.
2. Minimize Excess Pressure Exerted On
Formations During The Kill.
3. To Allow Kick Fluid To Be Handled At Surface.
4. To Reduce The Chance Of Overloading The
M.G.S.
5. Allow Choke Operator Time To Make
Necessary Choke Adjustments.
6. Ability To Mix Kill Mud.
7. To Reduce Damage To The Pump
69

WELL CONTROL
When Should Be Taking SCR ?
1. At Beginning of Each Shift.
2. After Mud Properties Changed .
3. When Long Sections of Hole Are Drilled
Rapidly (500 Ft).
4. When Returning to Drilling After Kill.
5. When Changed B.H.A (Nozzles, D.C, Motor.)

70

WELL CONTROL
Where To Read Standpipe Pressure.
When Recording SCR
SCR s Should Be Read On The Drill Pipe
Pressure at The Remote Chock Panel.
SCR s Should Be Taken With The Bit Near The
Bottom.

71

WELL CONTROL
Time For Build

How Long For Shut In Pressure To Stabilize?

600

600

psi
Casing Pressure

psi
Casing Pressure

High
Permeability

Low
Permeability

Slow

Pressure

Pressure

Fast

Time

72

Time

WELL CONTROL
Gas Migration
Why?
Gas Is Light And Will Migrate (Percolate) Up Hole
Speed Of Migration?
Depends On Mud Wt + Mud Viscosity
How Can I See Migration?
Steady Rise In Surface Pressure After Initial Stabilization

73

WELL CONTROL
Gas Migration
SIDPP or SICP

Migration
Shut In Pressure

Time

74

WELL CONTROL
Float in Drill String

600

How To Find SIDPP?

psi

Pump Slowly Down Drill

600

Pipe And Watch Build Up

psi

SIDPP
500

Time

SICP
600

Time

75

WELL CONTROL
Clean Annular

Annular Loaded
With Cutting
0

psi

psi

76

psi

psi

WELL CONTROL
Bit off Bottom
0

psi

psi

77

WELL CONTROL
Packed Off
0

psi

78

psi

WELL CONTROL
Leak Off Procedure
1. Drill 10 - 15 Feet Rat Hole
2. Test Surface Equipment
3. Circulate To Condition Mud
4. Pull Inside Casing
5. Shut In Well
6. Pump 1/4 - 1/2 Bbl/Min Into Well*
7. Plot Pressure Rise
8. When Pressure Rise Slows Down Or Stops; Shut Down
Pump
9. Measure Pressure Where Pressure Rise Slows Down
10. Monitor Stable Pressure Then Bleed Back Pressure
* Varies With Company Policy
79

WELL CONTROL
How Is Formation Strength Measured?

Leak Off Test (L.O.T.)

Point Of Leak Off

Trend Line

Pump Pressure

Leak Off Pressure

Volume Pumped

Fracture Pressure = Mud Hydrostatic psi + LOT psi

Formation Integrity Test

Pressure Up To Agreed Pressure Without Any Leak-off
80

WELL CONTROL
Fracture Pressure
= (Mud Wt. ppg X .052 X Shoe TVD) + L.O.T.

Fracture Mud Weight

Can Be Called Breakdown Or Max. Allowable

= (L.O.T Shoe TVD .052) + Mud Wt. ppg

MAASP
Difference Between Pressure That Will Fracture The
Rock And The Mud Hydrostatic Pressure
= (Fracture Mud Wt - Current Mud Wt) X .052 X Shoe TVD

81

WELL CONTROL
MAASP Vs Leak Off
MAASP = Leak Off At Time Of Leak Off Test
If Mud Weight Is Increased The Hydrostatic On
Shoe Increases
Therefore
Margin Between Mud Hydrostatic And Fracture
Gets Less.
This Margin Is Called M.A.A.S.P.

82

WELL CONTROL
Well Condition Required For Accurate Leak - Off Test.

Drill Out The Casing Shoe And Approximately

5 15 Ft Into New Formation.
Circulate The Mud To Get Same Weight All
Way Around.
Good Pressure Test Of Surface Equipment.
Calibrated Pressure Gauges.
Accurate T.V.D Of Casing Shoe.
Accurate Volume Of Mud Pumped.

83

WELL CONTROL
What Exerts Pressure On The Formation?
Mud Hydrostatic
Friction Losses In Annulus
Bridging/Packing Off In Annulus
Shutting In Well With Pumps Running
Kicks And The Kill Process
Choke Line Friction

84

WELL CONTROL
What Can Increase The Risk Of Exceeding
MAASP
Incorrect Casing Shoe Setting Depth
Unexpected High Pressure
Large Kick Size
Low Fracture Pressure
Long Open Hole Sections
Gas Migration
Bad Kill Practices
Too Much Safety Margin
Choke Line Friction Loss
85

WELL CONTROL
Principle Of Kill Method
Restore Primary Control
How ?
Clean Out Influx
Replace Old Mud With Kill Mud
At All Times
Maintain Correct Bottom Hole Pressure.
How ?
Use Approved Kill Method
One That Maintains Correct And
Constant Bottom Hole Pressure
86

WELL CONTROL
Bottom Hole Pressure
Pressure Exerted on the Bottom of the Hole.
B.H.P = Mud Hydrostatic
+
Back Pressure Held at Remote Choke
+
Annular Pressure Loss (APL)
Most Times APL Is Small And Can Be Ignored.

87

WELL CONTROL
Pressure Balance
BHP = Hydrostatic + Back Pressure
To Maintain Constant BHP!

If
Fluid Hydrostatic
Then
Choke Back Pressure

88

WELL CONTROL
Role Of Choke
The Choke (Remote Or Manual) Is A Device
For Adjusting Back Pressure.
A Kick Is Due To Lack Of Mud Hydrostatic.
The Choke Provides A Back Pressure To
Compensate For Lack Of Mud Hydrostatic.
When Heavy Mud Is Pumped The Operator
Reduces Back Pressure.

89

WELL CONTROL
Start up Procedure
This Procedure Starts the Kill Correctly.
It Ensures That B.H.P Is Correct for the Kill.
It Can Be Stated That the Start up Procedure
Calibrates the Well Kill to Correct B.H.P.
How?
Bring Pump Up to Speed Holding Casing
Pressure Constant.

90

WELL CONTROL
Drillers Method
Two Circulation's
1st Clean Out Influx
2nd Circulate Kill Mud

After 1st Circulation

SIDPP = SICP

91

WELL CONTROL
1st Circulation
Start up - Bring Pumps up to Kill Rate Holding
Casing Pressure Constant
When up to Speed Look at Drill Pipe Pressure.
Hold It Constant at This Value For Complete Circulation
On Completion of Circulation Shut Down
The Reverse of Start up Procedure
If Annulus Is Clean S.I.C.P Will Now Read S.I.D.P.P
If Annulus Is Not Clean Then S.I.C.P Will Be Greater
Than S.I.D.P.P

92

WELL CONTROL
2nd Circulation
Start up - Bring Pumps up to Kill Rate
Holding Casing Pressure Constant
When up to Speed Maintain Casing Pressure
Constant Until Kill Mud Is at the Bit
With Kill Mud at Bit Switch to Drill Pipe Pressure and
Hold Constant Until Clean Mud Returns at Surface
It May Be Preferred to Use the Wait and Weight
Procedure for the 2nd Circulation.
This Is in Case of Any Influx That Was Not Cleaned Out
in the1st Circulation
93

WELL CONTROL
Wait and Weight
One Circulation
Pump Kill Mud From the Start
Procedure
Start up - Bring Pumps up to Kill Rate
Holding Casing Pressure Constant
Once up to Speed the Drill Pipe Pressure Should
Equal I.C.P
Allow Drill Pipe Pressure to Fall From I.C.P to F.C.P
As Kill Mud Is Pumped to the Bit With Kill Mud at the
Bit Hold Drill Pipe Pressure Constant at F.C.P Until Kill
Mud Returns at Surface
94

WELL CONTROL
ICP = SIDPP + SCR Pressure
Kill Mud
FCP = SCR X
Old Mud
Step Down From Icp To Fcp
Using Either Graph Or Chart
Strokes To Bit

PSI

STKS
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
750

PSI
1400
1350
1300
1250
1200
1150
1100
1050
1025

ICP

FCP

FCP

ICP

SIDPP
0

Strokes From Surface To Bit

Strokes From Bit To Surface

95

WELL CONTROL
Things To Watch
Following A Choke Adjustment The Drillpipe Gauge
Takes Longer To React Due To Length Of System
Kill Mud Only Does Good When Going Downhole.
Therefore Re-zero Stroke Counter
Calculated ICP Is Only A Guideline. Actual (True) ICP Is
Seen At Start Up
If Actual ICP Is Different Then Recalculate Graph Or
StepDown

96

WELL CONTROL
Comparison of Killing Methods
Ease of Calculation ( Driller Method )
Lower Annulus Pressure ( Wait & Weight)
Shortest Circulating Time (Wait & Weight )

97

WELL CONTROL
Non-Routine Techniques
Drillers And Wait & Weight Only Work With Bit Below
The Influx.
Problems May Be:Unable To Use Pump
Hole Plugged
Bit Above Influx
In These Situations It May Be Necessary To Use
Other Well Control Techniques
Volumetric
Stripping
Combined Volumetric/Stripping
98

WELL CONTROL
Volumetric Method
Applications

Circulation Not Possible

Plugged string.
Pipe out of hole.
Pump is shut-down or unavailable
and there is a float in the string.

Circulation Not Recommended

Not at TVD (off bottom).
Pipe stuck
Not possible to strip.
99

WELL CONTROL
Volumetric Method
To keep BHP constant
Bleed mud through choke maintaining SIDPP constant
BHP

=Ph d/p (no change) + SIDPP (constant)

= Constant

Bad practice
Due Hold casing Pressure Constant
BHP

= Ph Ann. + SICP
= Ph Ann (decrease to bleed mud) + SICP (constant)
= Decrease

100

WELL CONTROL
Well Control Problems
Indicators of Mechanical Failures
Changes In Drillpipe And Casing Pressures During
Well Control Variations Can Indicate Potential
Mechanical Problems

Common Kick Problems

Blockages
String
Annulus
Choke
Washouts
String
Choke
Surface Equipment Failure
Losses
Hydrates
101

WELL CONTROL
Problem

DP psi

Loss of Circulation
Plugged Choke
Choke Washout
Plugged Nozzle
Nozzle Washout
String Washout
102

Csg psi

BHP

WELL CONTROL
Bad Practices
Incorrect Start Up
Changing SPM
Holding Wrong Pressure
Not Using Graph/Step Down
Not Pumping Correct Mud

103

WELL CONTROL
How Do You Know That The B.H.P Is:
A. Correct ?
B. Constant ?
A. Use Correct Start Up
B.

1. Maintain Correct SPM

2. Correct Pressure V Strokes
3. Correct Mud Wt

104

WELL CONTROL
Procedure
Brining up pump to kill speed
Correct Action

wrong Action

Effective on BHP

105

WELL CONTROL
Procedure
Driller Method (1st Circulation)
Correct Action

wrong Action

Effective on BHP

106

WELL CONTROL
Procedure
(2nd Circulation) While Pumping Kill Mud To Bit
Correct Action

wrong Action

Effective on BHP

107

WELL CONTROL
Procedure
(2nd Circulation) While Pumping Kill Mud From
Bit to Surface
Correct Action

wrong Action

Effective on BHP

108

WELL CONTROL
Procedure
W&W Method (While Pumping Kill Mud To Bit)
Correct Action

wrong Action

Effective on BHP

109

WELL CONTROL
Procedure
Increase Pump Speed
Correct Action

wrong Action

Effective on BHP

110

WELL CONTROL
Procedure
Decrease Pump Speed
Correct Action

wrong Action

Effective on BHP

111

WELL CONTROL
Procedure
W&W Method (While Pumping Kill Mud From Bit
To Surface)
Correct Action

wrong Action

Effective on BHP

112