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Multiple Choice
6. What is a major difference in the action of a water soluble hormone versus a lipid
soluble hormone?
a. How they diffuse through blood
b. How the mRNA is transcribed
c. The use of a second messenger
d. Only one type needs a hormone receptor
e. Lipid hormones are not found in the bloodstream
Ans: C
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.4
d. Circulating
e. Local
Ans: C
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 18.4
11. Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates milk production.
a. Leutinizing hormone
b. Prolactin
c. Thyrotropin
d. Melanocyte stimulating hormone
e. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Ans: B
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.6
13. Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones stimulates sex cell production.
a. Leutinizing hormone
b. TSH
c. Corticotropin
d. Melanocyte stimulating hormone
e. Growth hormone
Ans: A
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.6
15. How many hormones do the five types of anterior pituitary cells secrete?
a. 5
b. 7
c. 10
d. 12
e. unlimited
Ans: B
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.6
16. Which type of anterior pituitary cell secretes human growth hormone?
a. Thyrotrophs
b. Gonadotrophs
c. Somatotrophs
d. Lactotrophs
e. Corticotrophs
Ans: C
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.6
19. Which of the following hormones opposes the action of parathyroid hormone?
a. Thyroid stimulating hormone
b. Testesterone
c. Insulin
d. Calcitonin
e. Calcitriol
Ans: D
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.7
20. Which of the following is not a means of synthesizing and secreting T3 and T4.
a. Iodide trapping
b. Oxidation of iodide
c. Coupling of T1 and T2
d. Hydrolysis of calcium
e. Iodination of tyrosine
Ans: D
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.7
21. Parathyroid hormone is the major regulator of which ions in the blood?
a. Calcium
b. Sodium
c. Potassium
d. Chloride
e. Manganese
Ans: A
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 18.8
22. Complete loss of the Aldosterone will lead to death due to:
a. Decreased heart rate
b. Decreased airway dilation
c. Dehydration
d. No oxygen to the brain
e. Kidney failure
Ans: C
Difficulty: hard
Feedback: 18.9
24. Which blood glucose lowering hormone is produced by the pancreatic islet cells?
a. Insulin
b. Plasma proteins
c. Blood cotting factors
d. Thyroid hormones
e. Calcitonin
Ans: A
Difficulty: easy
Feedback: 18.10
27. Which of the below hormones is part of the bodys long term response to stress?
a. Insulin, Glucagon, Thyroid hormone
b. hGH, Insulin, Aldosterone
c. Cortisol, hGH, Thyroid hormone
d. Parathyroid hormone, Cortisol, hGH
e. Calcitonin, Thyroid hormone, Insulin
Ans: C
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.15
28. The responses of the body to long term stress does NOT include which one of the
following responses.
a. Lipolysis
b. Glycogenesis
c. Gluconeogenesis
d. Increased heart rate
e. Breakdown of proteins
Ans: D
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.15
30.
This gland secretes hGH, TSH and FSH among other hormones.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. I
e. D
Ans: B
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.6
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Essay
41. Compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of lipid-soluble vs. water-soluble
hormones.
Ans: Upon reaching their targets, lipid-soluble hormones diffuse through the
phospholipid bilayer of the target cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cytosol or
nucleus. The activated receptor turns a gene on or off, thus regulating synthesis of a
protein. Water-soluble hormones bind to membrane receptors, activating a G protein,
which activates adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to the second messenger cAMP,
which activates a protein kinase to regulate enzyme action.
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.4
42. Describe the role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of the pituitary gland.
Ans: The hypothalamus is the integrating center for much sensory input. It
secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones which diffuse into the hypophyseal portal
system to regulate secretion of all hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. It also
contains receptors that monitor blood osmotic pressure and neural input from
reproductive structures. Integration of this input leads to production of ADH and OT by
neurosecretory cells. These hormones are then transported through the
hypothalamohypophyseal tract to be secreted by exocytosis from the posterior pituitary in
response to nerve impulses.
Difficulty: medium
Feedback: 18.6
44. Describe and explain the similarities between starvation and diabetes mellitus.
Ans: A starving person is lacking energy-providing nutrient sources, and so, must
use structural components of the body as energy sources. The diabetic consumes
adequate nutrients, but due to the lack of insulin, is unable to move glucose into cells, and
so, cannot use the nutrients. In both cases, energy generation is dependent on non-glucose
sources, such as fatty acids and amino acids. Mobilization and metabolism of fats and
proteins for energy production purposes leads to ketoacidosis, weight loss, and hunger.
Difficulty: hard
Feedback: 18.10