2011 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics

17-19 July 2011, Bandung, Indonesia

E10 - 1

Testing and Diagnostics of Power Transformer in

PT. Indonesia Power
Kamojang Geothermal Power Plant Unit 1
Agus Purwadi #1, Nana Heryana#2, Dadan Nurafiat#3, Cahyono Sosetyo*4, Agus Setiana*5, Arief Mustaqim*6
#

School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Institute of Technology Bandung

Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
1

apurwadi57@gmail.com

PT. Indonesia Power, Kamojang Geothermal Power Plant

Jalan Raya Kamojang Garut 44101, Indonesia

Abstract This paper presents testing and diagnostics of 40

MVA, 150/11.8 kV,Ynd5 main transformer and 4 MVA, 11.8/6.3
kV auxiliary transformer on PT. Indonesia Power Kamojang
Geothermal Power Plan unit 1, that have been in operations for
more than 25 years, since 1982. Although the main and auxiliary
power transformer installed have been fulfilled their design life,
the concept of simple replacement of power transformer in the
system considering it as weak or potential source of trouble is no
more valid in the present scenario of financial constraint. Today
the paradigm has changed and many efforts are being directed to
explore new approach/techniques of testing, monitoring,
diagnosis, life assessment and condition evaluation and
possibility of extending the life of existing power transformer.
In this effort of extending the life of existing power
transformer, testing and diagnostics of power transformer
conditions become very important step whether it is possible to
extend certain time of useful life beyond design life and save
investment on new power transformer. This paper mainly asses
the life condition of total insulation system of power transformer
due to failure of insulation material considered to be major
factor in power transformer, Testing and diagnostics done on
main and auxiliary power transformer based on Transformer
Turn Ratio (TTR) test, Winding Resistance (Rdc) test, Insulation
Resistance (IR)Test, Tan delta test, Dissolve Gas Analysis (DGA)
test and Dielectric Response Analysis (Dirana) test. This kind of
tests gives in depth information regarding power transformer
conditions and abnormalities. The test results show that the oil
and paper insulation of both power transformers were very wet
and need immediate purification. Condition of winding
resistance on main power transformer also showed very
significant increase value (300%) compare to the previous
commissioning data that mean also increasing load losses
significantly.
Keywords Testing, diagnostics, power transformer,
assessment, kamojang geothermal power plant

life

I. INTRODUCTION
Electrical equipment will undergo deterioration as soon as
the equipment is installed. This deterioration should be
checked or it will cause electrical failures and malfunctions.

978-1-4577-0752-0/11/$26.00 2011 IEEE

To obtained information of equipments conditions, several

tests should be conducted.
Current maintenance scenario of electrical maintenance is
condition based maintenance or preventive maintenance.
Testing data is stored as a database of electrical condition.
Combined information between historical data and testing
data will give the trend of electrical equipments condition.
The trend will give characteristic of equipment deterioration.
Proper information about equipment condition is useful to
determine appropriate correcting and maintenance action
should be done.
Transformer is an essential part in power transmission and
distribution. It serves as interface between power generation
equipment and transmission system, between transmission
system and distribution system, and between distribution
system and load. Transformer failure will result in great loss
in electrical system. Hence, a well establish maintenance
should be conducted.
II. TRANSFORMER TESTING
Several tests that are conducted for power transformer are
as follow:
A. Transformer Turn Ratio Test
Transformer turn ratio test is conducted to obtain
information about voltage ratio of transformer. An unusual
deviation value from the rating indicates that there is problem
in the winding.
B. Winding Resistance (Rdc) Test
Winding resistance test is conducted to obtain resistance
value of transformer winding. Rdc test information can be
used to determine whether the winding is balance or not
C. Insulation Resistance (IR)Test
Insulation resistance test is conducted to obtain resistance
value of insulation system in power transformer. Deterioration
value of insulation resistance indicates contamination
existence in insulation.

D. Tan Delta Test

Tan delta test is conducted to obtain information about
dielectric losses in electrical insulation system. Insulation is
very much like a simple capacitor. In an ideal insulation it
only has a capacitive part. Tan delta test measure the resistive
component of insulation. System high tan delta value will has
a high losses. It indicates that there is a problem in the
insulation.

TABLE I
TTR TEST RESULT (MAIN TRANSFORMER)
Phase

Maximum deviation from nominal (%)

0.51

0.46

0.48

E. Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Test

Dissolved gas test is conducted to obtain information about
dissolved gas components in transformer oil. Combinations
and quantities of gas components in oil-immersed power
transformer can lead to malfunction of transformer or worse,
failure of the transformer.
F. Dielectric Response Analysis (Dirana) Test
Dielectric Response Analysis is conducted to obtain
information about moisture content in electrical insulation.
The test is similar to tan delta test but conducted in wide
frequency range.
III. TEST RESULTS

(a)

A. Main Transformer

(b)

Fig.1 (a) Main Transformer Under Test

(c)
Fig.2 LV Winding resistance test result (Main Transformer)

Fig.3 Testing equipment (a) CPC 100 (b) DIRANA Tester

(c) IR Tester

TABLE III
SHORT CIRCUIT TEST RESULT (MAIN TRANSFORMER)

Factory Test with W-Meter

3-Phase Measurement

SN
Pk [kW]
f [Hz]
[kVA]
40000
34
50
Three Phase Equivalent Test

Tap
Position:
1
CPC 100 Measurement

f [Hz]
50
A-N
50
B-N
50
C-N
Average Impedance

I AC [A]
0.947
0.94
0.944

Z []
62.8226
63.1961
62.6101

uk [%]
8.3
8.269
-0.38

V1 AC [V]
123.714
123.04
122.752

f [Hz]
50
Factory Test
Values:
50
Measured Values:
Difference to Factory Test [%]

UHV
[kV]
174.4

ULV [kV]

uk [%]

Uk [V]

11.8

8.3

144.8

Phi []
87.1
87.84
87.83

R []
3.1803
2.3821
2.3743

X []
62.7421
63.1511
62.5651

Z []
63.1119

Phi []
89.41

R []
0.6463

X []
63.1086

xk [%]
8.3

L [mH]
200.88

62.8751
-0.38

87.59
-2.04

2.6455
309.32

62.8194
-0.46

8.262
-0.46

199.96
-0.46

TABLE IIIII
INSULATION TEST (IR) TEST RESULT (MAIN TRANSFORMER)
Connection

IR (M)

HV - Gnd

785

LV - Gnd

530

L [mH]
199.71
201.02
199.15

TABLE IVV
DGA TEST RESULT (MAIN TRANSFORMER)
Parameter

result

Condition

(ppm)

H2

51

100

101-700

701-1800

>1800

CH4

120

121-400

401-1000

>1000

C2H6

65

66-100

101-150

>150

C2H4

50

51-100

101-200

>200

C2H2

35

36-50

51-80

>80

351-570

571-1400

CO

541

350

CO2

9386

2500 2500-4000 4001-10000

>10000

(TDCG)

592

720

>4630

721-1920

1921-4630

>1400

TABLE V
OIL CHARACTERISTIC TEST RESULT (MAIN TRANSFORMER)
Fig.4 tan delta test result (Main Transformer)

Parameter

unit

result
Good

Breakdown
voltage
Moisture
content
Acidity
Sediment

Fig.5 DIRANA test result (Main Transformer)

IEC 60422 : 2005

Enough
Poor

kV / 2,5mm

20,0

> 50

40

< 40

mg / kg

30,0

<5

> 10

0,096

< 0,10

0,10

> 0,2

N.A.

< 0,02

mg KOH /g
Oil
% weight

B. Auxiliary Transformer

Fig.6 Auxiliary Transformer Under Test

Fig.9 DIRANA test result (Aux Transformer)

TABLE VI
TTR TEST RESULT (AUX TRANSFORMER)
Phase

Maximum deviation from nominal (%)

0.37

0.38

0.43

TABLE VII
INSULATION TEST (IR) TEST RESULT (AUX TRANSFORMER)
Connection

IR (M)

HV - Gnd

332

LV - Gnd

885

TABLE VIII
DGA TEST RESULT (AUX TRANSFORMER)
Parameter

Condition

(ppm)

H2

53

100

101-700

701-1800

>1800

CH4

120

121-400

401-1000

>1000

C2H6

65

66-100

101-150

>150

C2H4

50

51-100

101-200

>200

C2H2

35

36-50

51-80

>80

537

350

351-570

571-1400

CO2

7030

2500 2500-4000 4001-10000

>10000

(TDCG)

590

720

>4630

CO
Fig.7 LV Winding resistance test result (Aux Transformer)

result

721-1920

1921-4630

>1400

TABLE IX
OIL CHARACTERISTIC TEST RESULT (AUX TRANSFORMER)
Parameter

unit

result
Good

Breakdown
voltage
Moisture
content
Acidity
Sediment
Fig.8 tan delta test result (Aux Transformer)

IEC 60422 : 2005

Enough
Poor

kV /
2,5mm

25,0

> 50

40

< 40

mg / kg

28,6

<5

> 10

0,085

< 0,10

0,10

> 0,2

N.A.

< 0,02

mg
KOH /g
Oil
%
weight

IV. CONCLUSIONS
The test results show that the paper and oil insulation of
both power transformers were very wet and need immediate
treatment such as purification. Condition of winding
resistance of main power transformer based on short circuit
test showed very significant increase value (300%) compare to
the previous commissioning data that mean also increasing
load losses significantly. Carbon dioxide content in oil
insulation of both power transformers is in dangerous
condition category according to IEEE Std C57.104.2008. Tan
delta test result of main power transformer show that average
tan delta increment exceeding VDE 0530. Total insulation
resistance of both power transformers is still in normal
condition range for large and medium power transformer.

REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]

P. Gill, Electrical Power Equipment Maintenance and Testing, 2nd

edition., CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group. 2009.
IEEE Std. C57.12.90. IEEE Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed
Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformer
IEEE Std. C57.104.2008. IEEE Guide for the Interpretation of Gases
Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformer
IEEE Std. 62-1995. IEEE Guide for Diagnostics Field Testing of
Electric Power Apparatus Part 1: Oil Filled Power Transformer,
Regulators, and Reactor.
VDE 0530 Part 1, Recommended Practice for the measurement of
power factor tip-up of electrical machinery stator coil insulation.