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What is Lambda Control in Ships?

With new stringent regulations against pollution being introduced, it is important for the manufacturers to
build marine engine that satisfy these norms and do not hamper the normal operation of the engine. To
achieve this, engines are provided with several automation systems, which not only reduce the pollution
level but also increase the efficiency of the engine and reduce other operational cost.One such introduced
automation is lambda control which controls the fuel injection system of the marine engine according to
the variation in the load on the same.
Purpose of Lambda ControllerThe main function of any engine is to supply enough power so that it can
handle the load put on it. The load may increase or reduce during the operation and to accompany this,
some excess fuel may be given to keep up the performance.
Lambda controller is used to control the excess fuel injection in the combustion chamber of a marine
engine when there is a change in the engine load i.e. during a momentary increase in the engine load.
This is done by controlling the two main elements which are responsible for combustion- fuel and air. This
controller senses the relation between the charge air pressure and fuel index of the engine at that load.
Principle of Working
The working of Lambda controller can be understood with the help of the following diagram:
When there is a sudden momentary increase in the engine load, the lambda control will regulate the fuel
through injection pump using the regulator arm. For this, (1) is turned on which in-turn commands the
switch (2) to touch the Piston arm (3) and be pushed downward, where in the electric circuit will be
closed.
Hence, solenoid valve (4) will open which will then actuate the jet system to accelerate the turbocharger
resulting in increase in charged air pressure. This will result in pressing the piston (3) back in the lambda
cylinder (5). When the lambda value or lambda ratio is satisfactory, then the solenoid valve will get closed,
deactivating the jet system.
When the system is activated for more than 10 seconds, then the solenoid valve is signaled to shut off
and there is an alarm for system failure
Fuel oil limiting during start
During the start procedure, the lambda controller is used as an index limiter.
Hereby heavy smoke formation is prevented during start procedure and the regulating device cannot
over-react.
Advantages

It reduces the emission of excess visible smoke when there is a sudden increase in engine load.

The overall load efficiency of engine increases.

The exhaust side of the engine .i.e. exhaust valve, exhaust gas way, exhaust uptake etc are less
fouled due to carbon deposits.

The maintenance work reduces due to less fouling of parts.

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