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TIPS PAPER 3
A) Graph Plotting (no 1)
i)

Student able to read vernier caliper, micrometer , metre rule, protactor,

thermometer, analog stopwatch, digital stopwatch, ammeter , voltmeter.
- Determine the accuracy of instrument (smallest division)
Example :
Metre rule ( 0.1 cm) , Vernier Caliper (0,01cm), Micrometer (0.01 mm) etc
D) Measuring Apparatus

PHYSICAL QUANTITY
MEASURING APPARATUS
BIL.
1 Length/Distance/Depth/Height/ Meter rule
Extension
2 Mass
Lever balance/Triple beam balance
3 Time of oscillations/Period
Stopwatch
4 Temperature
Thermometer
5 Current
Ammeter / Galvanometer
6 Force
Spring balance
7 Diameter of wire
Micrometer screw gauge
8 Velocity / Acceleration
Ticker timer and Ticker tape
9 Gas volume
Syringe
10 Gas pressure
Bourdon gauge
11 Potential difference
Voltmeter
12 Magnetic field strength
Number of nails attracted
13 Wavelength
Meter rule
14 Control current
Rheostat
15 Water volume
Measuring cylinder/Beaker

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ii) Key word in tabulating data
V

Variables: manipulated variables or responding variable

Experiment data has to sistematically presented in a table

Unit
Every column must be named: Physics quantity, symbol and
unit.
Consistent decimal place
Accuracy of Instrument
All readings given must correspond to sensitivity of instrument
used.

D
A

iii) Key word in plotting graph (checklist )

VAN

Variables

SEKOLAH
SAYA

Scale
Smooth

PANCIT
BAWA
PELAJAR
UNIVERSITI

Plot
Balanced
Physical Quantity
Unit

iv)Types Of Graph And Relationship

Manipulatted variable : x axis

Responding variable : y axis
Staright line or curve line using
flexible ruler
Correct unit

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Relationship
.is direct proportional to .

.. Is increasing linearly with ..

Type of graph
If the straight line graph passes through the
origin

A straight line intercept at Y axis (positive

gradient)

.. Is decreasing linearly with ..

A straight line intercept at Y axis (negative

gradient)

..is inverse proportional to

A curved graph with negative gradient

When ..increases, ..increase

A curved graph with negative gradient

(decrease)

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When ..increases, ..increase s

A curved graph with positive gradient

( increase)

B) Graph Interpretation (no2)

i)

Coordinate
Find a when x= 2cm
( 3 marks)

x/cm

i)

Horizontal & vertical dotted

line

ii)

1/a = 4

iii)

a = 1/4
= 0,25 m

ii)

1/a / m-1

Straight line equation

Given the equations

V/V
E = V + Ir
E
Find E and r
i)

y = mx + c

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V = -mI + E
I/A
E = V + Im
m is graph gradient
E is y intercept
iii)
-

Gradient
Gradient : Draw larger triangle 4 X 3 larger square ( 2cm X 2cm)
The triangle should be on tangent line for curve graph ( SPM 2006 )
Show substitutions
Show and state the value with unit

Notes: TCA ( 3 marks)

T Triangle
C Calculation
A Answer and unit
iv)

Gradient unit
Gradient unit = y axis unit / x axis unit

v) Safety Precautions
Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with scale of reading to avoid
parallax error .
NO.
1

TYPE OF
PRECAUTIONS THAT CAN BE TAKEN
EXPERIMENT
INVOLVING
Light
a. Experiment must be carried out in darkened
room.
b. Lens, screen and object must be in line
c. Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with
scale of reading to avoid parallax error .

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2

Spring

Electric

Heat

a. make sure the spring is not loaded beyond the

elastic limit. (spring return to original length
when load is taken off).
b. Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with
scale of reading to avoid parallax error .
a. All connections must be secure/tight avoid current
leakage.
b. Off the switch after readings are taken to
prevent wires from heating up (resistance
increase)
c. Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with
scale of reading to avoid parallax error .
a. Liquid must be stirred constantly so that
temperature rises evenly.
b. Alluminium block must be wrapped with
insulating material to prevent heat lost.
c. Thermometer bulb should be smeared with oil
to give better thermal contact with the block.
d. Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with
scale of reading to avoid parallax error ..
a. Make sure the line of vision is perpendicular with
scale of reading to avoid parallax error .

Measuring
instruments
such as
ammeter,
voltmeter,
metre rule ...
* [Student can give more than one answer for this question.
No penalty for the answer which is unsuitable]

Calon boleh memberikan jawapan lebih dari 1. Tiada markah dipotong jika satu jawapan yang
diberi salah dan yang lainnya betul.
* unacceptable answer : Avoid parallax error. [without explanation]
Jawapan tidak diterima : Elak ralat paralaks
[tiada penjelasan]

vi)

Type of gradient

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Types of Gradient
Positive gradient
Negative gradient
Zero gradient

Hypothesis
When x increase, y will increase
When x increase, y will decrease
When x increase, y will constant

Notes: staright line graph means gradient constant

Curve graph means gradient not constant
vii) Interpolation and Extrapolation ( smooth line )
C) Section B Paper3( 12 Marks)
a) Inference Manipulated Variables Influenced Responding Variables
Or
Responding Variables is depends on Manipulated Variables
Or
Responding Variables is influenced by Manipulated
Variables
b)
When the manipulated variables increases / decreases , the
Hypothesis responding variables increases / decreases
c) i) Aim
ii)
Variables

To study relationship between manipulated variables and

responding variables
Manipulated Variable :
Responding Variable :
Fix Variable
:
* State the variables that can be measured
* Encourage students to write operational definition for
responding variable

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(iii) List of
apparatus
and material
(iv)
Arrangement Draw a fully labeled diagram
of Apparatus
(v) Method 1. Start the experiment with manipulated variable ( a practical
value)
2. Responding Variables is mesured and record
3. Repeat the experiment 4 times with different values of
manipulated variable , ., . ,.. and .
(vi)
Tabulation of Manipulated variables Responding variables
data
/ unit
/ unit
-state all the values
-blank

(vii) Analysis State : A Graph of responding variable against manipulated

of data
variable is plotted and sketch