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1. Introduction
When we talk about soccer and futsal we can say that these are the two sports that are at
first glance very similar in performance characteristics. The main common characteristic is
that these are team sports with intermittent high-intensity activities (Barbero-Alvarez, Soto,
Barbero-Alvarez, & Granda-Vera, 2008; Bangsbo, Norregaarg, & Thorso, 1991; Ben
Abdelkrim, El Fazza, & El Ati, 2007) where the lower extremities play the key role for
controlling the ball. Futsal is known as an indoor version of soccer, demanding sport with
growing specificities in morphological and motor demands (Barbero-Alvarez et al., 2008;
Barbero-Alvarez, D'Ottavio, Granda-Vera, & Castagna, 2009). Such specificities in
morphological and motor demands could be seen as the reason for the separation of futsal
and its progressive development which would lead to earlier selection of players with
predispositions to play futsal.
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In order to be able to analyze and register the soccer game it is necessary to have an
objective measurement method that is able to record every move that player makes with the
ball (Hartmann, Holzer, & Beetz, 2003). Argilage and Jonsson (2003) stated in their study
that conventional soccer analysis mainly focused on elementary statistics provides
information on the frequency and field distribution of players' passing, shots on goal and
defensive systems. The results obtained by these authors have shown that the attempts to
identify actual events during the game, especially in competitive conditions, were
successfully performed in soccer while it was not the case in futsal. The data such as
number of attacks, areas of field in which the attacks take place, number of passes per unit
of game and the number of shots on goal, are the basis for the programming of training and
preparation of players (Bishovets, Gadajev, & Godik, 1993). The collected data in this way
helps in finding the answer to many problems. Jerkovic and Barisic (1997) found a
significant correlation (ICC = 0.73) among unsuccessful passing, receiving the ball, gained
ball possessions and conceded goals. Miljkovic and Barisic (2002), analyzing the soccer
match between Brazil and Scotland, concluded that it had different styles of attacking
which represents two different schools of soccer.
Support analyzes of the game with computer combines image processing, visual elements
and multimedia resources. Recent development of technology has led to a fully digital
solution to the analytical composition of the game. It is in players interest to raise the
practice to a higher level by detailed analysis of situational behavior of their own or the
opposing team.
Intensity during the futsal match was almost 90% of the maximum heart rate (BarbaroAlvarez et al., 2008) while in soccer is lower and ranges from 80 to 90% of maximum heart
rate (Reilly, 1994). In futsal, running in high intensity mode is represented by 13.7% while
sprint occupies about 8.9% during the match (Barbaro-Alvarez et al., 2008) in contrast to
soccer where this kind of movement occupies about 11% (Baros et al., 2007; Reilly,
Bangsbo, & Franks, 2000). Doramaci and Watsford (2006) have pointed out that futsal
players spend 26% during the match in high-intensity level, which is a direct consequence
of futsal rules that offer the possibility of more frequent changes than soccer.
The reduced dimensions of the field in Futsal affects the constant marking of opposing
players and a much higher level of pressing play and situations 1vs1 (Vaeyens, Lenoir,
Williams, & Philippaerts, 2007). In contrast to the dimensions of the field, which is
obviously different between futsal (38-42 x 18-25 m) and soccer (100-110 x 64-75 m),
match duration was nearly equal. Futsal consists of two halves of 20 minutes while in
soccer one half last 45 minutes. However, the futsal rules allow stops during the match so
that the total duration of the futsal match is about 70-80 minutes (Barbero-Alvarez et al.,
2008) which is similar to the duration of a soccer match (90 minutes). Compared to soccer
technical profile, futsal players are closely associated with a lower volume of the ball in
futsal, forcing the players to respond technically more quickly and accurately while
manipulating the ball (Burns, 2003; Goncalves, 1998).
The important question that could be drawn from existing differences concerns the
difference in morphological and especially in the situational parameters between soccer and
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futsal players. In the available literature several researches exist on the morphological
differences among soccer players (Da Silva, Kaissa, & Gomes, 1999; Da Silva, Osieck,
Arruda, Moura, & De Campos, 2001; Gallo, Ortega, Batista, & Liotta, 2002; Guerra,
Chaves, Tirapegui, & Barros, 2002). The majority of the researches gave only the
parameters of body height, body weight and fat percentage (Arnason et al., 2004; Aziz &
Chin, 2000; Bunc & Psotta, 2001; Casajus, 2001). Rienzi, Drust, Reilly, Carter, and Martin
(2000) indicate the importance of anthropometric parameters as a factor of success in the
sport. To our knowledge there are no studies that analyze the similarities and differences in
morphological and situational parameters between futsal and soccer. Therefore the aim of
this study was to determine the similarities and differences of morphological and situational
parameters between futsal and soccer.
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects
The research was conducted on a sample of 82 subjects divided in two groups: 40 futsal
players (body mass = 70.39 5.33 kg, body height = 176.26 6.85 cm) and 42 soccer
players (body mass = 70.86 5.65 kg, body height = 175.42 5.95 cm). Soccer and futsal
players in this research were taken from the first Croatian football and futsal league.
Criteria for selection of players was that they have played at least 80% matches of the
season with time spent in the game of soccer for 75 minutes and in futsal for more than 15
minutes. All players were fully informed and they signed a consent form. The study
protocol was held for every subject. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of
the Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb. Subjects were admitted in the study if
they had a minimum training age of 3 years, engaged in strenuous training at least 10 h per
week and were currently active in competition.
2.2. Procedure
Morphological parameters were measured according to the instructions of the International
Biological ProgramIBP. All anthropometric variables were measured with a GPM
anthropometer (Siber & Hegner, Zurich, Switzerland) to the nearest 0.1 cm. For the
estimation of situational parameters the Focus X3 system was used (Elite Sport Analysis,
United Kingdom).
Anthropometric variables were: Body height (BH), body mass (BM), leg length (DN) foot
length (DP), knee diameter (DIK) ankle diameter (DISK), thigh circumference (ON), calf
circumference (OP), thigh skinfold (KNN), calf skinfold (KNP).
Situational variables were: Number of passes to a teammate (BRD), number of received
balls from teammate (BRP), number of gain possessions of the ball (BOL), number of runs
with the ball (BRV), number of dribbling moves (BRDR), number of shots on a goal
(BRU), number of actions taken with the foot (BRAN), number of actions taken with the
head (BRAG), number of actions taken with the body (BRAT). Situational parameters are
obtained by analyzing all the games of the first period of Championship 2009/2010 as in
futsal so in soccer and the average value per game for each player was interpreted.
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ANOVA
F
Sig.
Futsal
Soccer
Total
%
ES
N=40
N=42
N=82
.352
.555
BH (cm)
176.266.85
175.425.95
175.836.35
0,48
0.004
.154
.696
BM (kg)
70.395.32
70.865.65
70.645.47
-0,67
0.001
2.698
.104
DN (cm)
76.883.95
75.612.97
76.233.52
1,65
0.033
5.332
.024
DP (cm)
26.031.18
25.471.05
25.741.14
2,15
0.062
2.743
.102
DIK (cm)
9.680.47
9.850.45
9.760.46
-1,76
0.033
.353
.554
DISK (cm)
7.600.41
7.650.34
7.620.38
-0,66
0.004
.486
.488
ON (cm)
55.283.28
54.852.14
55.062.75
0,78
0.006
.653
.421
OP (cm)
36.191.97
36.511.57
36.351.77
-0,88
0.008
.549
.461
KNN (mm)
9.793.87
10.363.10
10.083.48
-5,82
0.006
1.293
.259
KNP (mm)
6.281.97
6.711.45
6.501.73
-6,85
0.016
Body height (BH), body mass (BM), leg length (DN) foot length (DP), knee diameter (DIK) ankle diameter (DISK), thigh
circumference (ON), calf circumference (OP), thigh skinfold (KNN), calf skinfold (KNP), ES - effect size, % - percentage difference
between group
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MeanSD
F
Sig.
Futsal
Soccer
Total
%
ES
N=40
N=42
N=82
1.246
.268
BRD
356.20198.72 306.61203.23 330.80201.35
13,92
0.015
1.246
.268
BRP
111.3162.10
95.8263.51
103.3762.93
13,92
0.015
22.134
.000
BOL
76.4142.63
163.88109.94
121.2194.49
-114,47
0.217
22.134
.000
BRV
29.8516.65
64.0142.95
47.3536.91
-114,44
0.217
1.246
.268
BRDR
125.0769.77
107.6671.36
116.1570.70
13,92
0.015
1.892
.173
BRU
22.356.89
24.577.63
23.487.32
-9,93
0.023
5.663
.020
BRAN
16.356.89
13.065.61
14.676.45
20,12
0.066
.022
.883
BRAG
3.555.20
3.385.13
3.465.13
4,79
0.000
1.259
.265
BRAT
1.293.49
.542.48
.913.02
58,14
0.015
Number of passes to a teammate (BRD), number of received balls from teammate (BRP), number of gain possessions of the ball
(BOL), number of runs with the ball (BRV), number of dribbling moves (BRDR), number of shots on a goal (BRU), number of
actions taken with the foot (BRAN), number of actions taken with the head (BRAG), number of actions taken with the body (BRAT),
ES - effect size, % - percentage difference between group, statistical significance p<0.01.
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OP
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.125
.329
.278
ON
.082
.082
.082
.082
.082
.082
.082
.255
.201
KNN
-.004
-.004
-.004
-.004
-.004
-.004
-.004
.103
.090
KNP
-.090
-.090
-.090
-.090
-.090
-.090
-.090
.013
.022
OP
-.203
-.203
-.132
-.132
-.203
-.172
-.311*
.047
.083
ON
-.012
-.012
.095
.095
-.012
.033
-.050
-.211
-.211
KNN
-.078
-.078
-.049
-.049
-.078
-.069
-.008
-.159
-.139
KNP
-.167
-.167
-.178
-.178
-.167
-.177
-.097
-.097
-.137
total number of shots on the goal as confirmed by Kelly and Drust (2009) research that
recommends to coaches the reduction of the field in order to increase the number of shots
on goal. Such fact does not support the results gained in this research.
Relationship between situational and morphological parameters show that there are no
significant correlation in futsal, while in soccer there is negative impact of calf
circumference and the number of actions taken with foot. Although significant (r=-0.311
with p=0.045), authors found no practical significant implication that could be interpreted
with sufficient scientific evidence.
The results have shown that the futsal and soccer, as the team sports, are very similar in
morphological characteristics with some differences in situational parameters that depend
primarily on the volume of the ball. The results obtained in this study could be explained by
the fact that in Croatia still doesnt exist a school in which the novice players would start
with futsal training from the beginning. Most futsal players first pass the school of "big
soccer" and later they move to the futsal.
Another reason lies in the fact that during the practice of modern soccer, small-sided games
that are just one type of futsal, are often used because of the fact that they are conducted in
the area where the ratio of player is 4vs4, 5vs5, 5vs4, and which insists on strict player
markings. With this type of training soccer and futsal players are approaching the similar
structure of movement, so that the results gained in this study substantiate that fact.
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Correspondence:
Mario Jovanovic,
Faculty of Kinesiology, Horvacanski zavoj 15, 10000 Zagreb.
tel: 00385 989404612
e-mail: mario.jovanovic@kif.hr
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