Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SECTION B
FAUNGA
KUPU B
CONTENTS
KANOTOHI
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
NGAAHI FIEMAU KE FAKAHOKO
DEEMED-TO-SATISFY PROVISIONS
NGAAHI TUUTUUNI OKU LAU-TE NE-FAKAKAKATO
Part
Konga
B1
Structural Provisions
B1.1
General requirements
B1.2
Loads
B1.3
Construction deemed-to-satisfy
B1.4
Mamafa a e uta
B2
Demolition
B2.1
General requirements
Holoki
B2.2
Applicable standard
Ngaahi tuunga langa ala ngaueaki
B2.3
Dangerous buildings
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National Building Code 2007
Page B - 3
Tuutuuni Fakafonua ki he Langa Fale 2007
Peesi
SECTION B
STRUCTURE
KUPU B
FAUNGA
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
NGAAHI FIEMAU KE FAKAHOKO
OBJECTIVES
NGAAHI TAUMUA
BP1 A building and all connected services must be designed and constructed to fulfil the
following objectives:Kuo pau ki ha fale mo e ngaahi ngaue fekauaki moia ke tisaini mo langa ke
fakakakato a e ngaahi taumua ko eni:-
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
BP2
Procedures and methods of demolition must be adequate to prevent death and injury to
persons and avoid damage to neighbouring property.
Kuo pau ki he ngaahi founga fakahoko ngaue mo e ngaahi founga a hono holoki
ke feunga ke taofi ha hoko ha mole ha moui pe lavea ki ha niihi mo fakaehiehi
mei ha hoko ha maumau ki he kaungaapi.
REQUIRED PERFORMANCE
FAKAHOKO NGAUE OKU FIEMAU
Buildings and their elements must be designed and constructed in order to prevent structural
failure during the expected life of the building and to avoid unacceptable deflections and
vibrations during the normal use of the building, resulting fromKuo pau ki he ngaahi fale mo hono ngaahi kongokonga ke tisaini mo langa ke taofi ha
tonounou fakafaunga lolotonga a e taimi totonu ke tuu ai a e fale pea ke fakaehiehi
mei ha ngaahi unacceptable deflections mo e ngaahi ngalulu lolotonga a e ngaueaki
angamaheni o e fale, ko e tupu mei he-
(a)
combinations and frequency of all possible loads, dynamic responses and internal
actions;
fakatahataha moe lahi a e ngaahi uta kotoa pe ala ai kiai, dynamic responses mo
e ngaahi ngaue oku fakahoko i loto;
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National Building Code 2007
Peesi
STRUCTURE
SECTION B
FAUNGA
(b)
KUPU B
(c)
BP1.1.1
The design and construction must take into account the loads resulting from
the following acting either singly or in possible combinations
Kuo pau ki he tisaini mo e langa ke fakakau atu kiai a hono fakakaukauo
o e ngaahi uta mei hono fakahoko o e ngaahi ngaue ni pe ko hono fakahoko taautaha pe
ko fe pe ha ngaahi ngaue ala fakahoko fakataha.
(a)
self-weight;
mamafa fakateia;
(b)
imposed loads;
ngaahi uta toki hilifaki atu;
(c)
temperature variations;
fetongitongi I he mafana a e ea;
(d)
earth pressure;
ivi mei he kelekele;
(e)
wind;
havili;
(f)
earthquake;
mofuike;
(g)
resonance effects;
resonance effects;
(h)
impact
malohi a e tau ai ha mea
(i)
explosion/implosion;
pa tua/loto;
(j)
fire;
vela;
(k)
(l)
(m)
differential displacement;
ngaahi fetoaki kehekehe;
(n)
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Tuutuuni Fakafonua ki he Langa Fale 2007
Peesi
SECTION B
STRUCTURE
KUPU B
(o)
FAUNGA
BP1.1.2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
want of accuracy in the methods used to predict the structural performance of the
building.
fiemau ke tonu a e ngaahi founga oku ngaueaki ke talaaki a e lelei fakafaunga
o ha fale.
BP1.2
Site works
Ngaahi ngaue ki he feituu tuuanga
(a)
Site works as necessary must be carried out to ensure the stability of the building site
during the expected life of the building.
Ko e ngaahi ngaue ki he feituu tuuanga fekauaki kuo pau ke fakahoko ke
fakapapauI a e tuunga mau o e feituu tuuanga o e fale lolotonga a e taimi
nae amanaki ke tuu ai a e fale.
(b)
While carrying out site works any damage to existing structures or adjacent property
must be avoided.
Lolotonga a hono fakahoko a e ngaahi ngaue ki he feituu tuuanga kuo pau ke
fakaehiehi mei hono fakahoko ha maumau ki he ngaahi faunga lolotonga pe
kongaapi hoko.
(c)
Alterations to the ground water level resulting from site works must not be allowed to
affect the stability of any building.
Ko e ngaahi feliliuaki I he maolunga a e vai I he kelekele tupu mei he ngaue I
he feituu tuuanga kuo pau keoua naa hoko ia ke ne uesia a e tuunga mau o
ha faahinga fale.
BP1.3
Design criteria
Tuunga ki hono sivi
(a)
during the designed life of the building the probability of experiencing unacceptable
deflections or vibrations must not exceed 5%;
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National Building Code 2007
Peesi
STRUCTURE
SECTION B
FAUNGA
KUPU B
(b)
the probability of risk of structural failure must not exceed 0.1% within the designed
life of the building.
ko e ngalingali ha hoko ha tonounou fakafaunga kuo pau ke oua naa laka he
0.1% lolotonga a e taimi nae tisaini ke tuu ai a e fale.
BP2.1
Demolition of buildings
(a)
safety of the public and of the site personnel from injury or death;
malu a e kakai mo e tokotaha ngaue langa mei ha lavea pe mole a ha moui;
(b)
avoidance of damage and nuisance from dust, vibrations, noise, water, fire, smoke and
fumes;
fakaehiehi mei he maumau pe fakakina mei he efu, ngaahi ngalulu, longoaa, vai,
vela, kohu mo e ngaahi ahu;
(c)
(d)
(e)
prevention of damage to public services such as water and sewerage pipes, electricity
and telephone lines etc and allow their continued use.
taofi a e maumau ki he ngaahi sevesi a e puleanga o hange ko e ngaahi paipa
vai mo e sua, ngaahi laine uhila mo e telefoni etc pea ke kei hokohoko atu pe a
ene ngaue lelei.
BP2.1.1
The method and sequence of demolition must be planned in detail with due allowance for the
followingKuo pau ki he founga mo e hokohoko o e holoki ke palani fakaikiiki o kau ai hano
fakahoko o e ngaahi mea ni-
(a)
the sudden release of locked up forces such as with pre-stressed concrete, arches,
cantilevers etc;
a e tukuange fakafaokifa a e ngaahi ivi oku tapuni malu o hange koia I he sima
pre-stressed, ngaahi aleso, ngaahi mea oku tautau etc;
(b)
(c)
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Tuutuuni Fakafonua ki he Langa Fale 2007
Peesi
SECTION B
STRUCTURE
KUPU B
(d)
FAUNGA
(e)
(f)
the presence of basements, cellars, vaults and other voids and if so the effect of
removal of cross walls and the like;
i ai a e ngaahi loki taupotu ki lalo, ngaahi loki I lolo fonua, loki malu mo e
ngaahi ataa kehe pea o kapau ko ia ke lava o too a e ngaahi holisi fekolosiaki
pe hano tatau;
(g)
(h)
the requirement for temporary supports, shoring, scaffolding and the like and the loads
including impact loads that they may have to take;
fiemau o ha ngaahi langolango fakataimi, poupou, sikafoloI mo hano tatau mo e
ngaahi uta o kau ai a e ngaahi uta e ngalingali ke hilifaki atu kiai.
(i)
the loads from the placement and operation of demolition equipment especially if
supported on parts of the building being demolished; and
ngaahi uta mei he hono tukuatu mo ngaueaki o e meangaue ki hono holoki
tautautefito o kapau oku poupoui e he ngaahi konga o e fale oku holoki; mo
(j)
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National Building Code 2007
Peesi
STRUCTURE
SECTION B
FAUNGA
KUPU B
DEEMED-TO-SATISFY PROVISIONS
NGAAHI TUUTUUNI OKU LAU-TE NE- FAKAKAKATO
STRUCTURAL PROVISIONS
NGAAHI TUUTUUNI FAKAFAUNGA
B1.1
General requirements
Ngaahi fiemau fakalukufua
Materials, components and methods of construction used in a building or structure and all
attached services must be capable of sustaining at an acceptable level of safety and
serviceability
Ko e ngaahi naunau, ngaahi kongokonga mo e ngaahi founga o e langa nae ngaueaki I
ha fale pe faunga pea mo e ngaahi ngaue fekauaki kotoa pe kuo pau ke ne malava o
tauhi I ha tuunga ala tali a e malu mo e ene ngaue lelei -
(a)
the most adverse combinations of loads (including combinations of loads that might
result in a potential for progressive collapse); and
ko e ngaahi fio fakatupu faingataa lahi taha o e ngaahi uta (kau ai a hono fio o e
ngaahi uta e lava o fakatupu ha holo); mo e
(b)
B1.2
Loads
Ngaahi uta
The loading requirements of B1.1 are satisfied if the building or structure can resist loads
determined in accordance with the following:
Ko e ngaahi fiemau ki he uta o e B1.1 oku fakakakato ia o kapau ko e fale pe faunga
te ne lava o matuuaki a e ngaahi uta kuo fakapapauI o fakatatau ki he ngaahi mea ni:
(a)
Wind loads:
Uta havili
When using this Part of the Standard the following provisions apply:
I hono ngaueaki o e Konga ni o e Tuutuuni Langa e fakahoko a e ngaahi
tuutuuni ko eni:
A limit state regional wind speed of 70 m/s to all islands of the Kingdom. The
equivalent regional wind speed for permissible stress methods of design is 57 m/s.
All maps of Australia and New Zealand in the Standard are to be disregarded.
Ko ha fakangatangata ki he malohi a e havili fakafeituu ko e 70 m/s ki he kotoa
o e ngaahi out motu Tonga. Ko e malohi a e havili fakafeituuoku fakatatau ki he
ngaahi founga stress o e tisaini ko e 57 m/s/ Ko e ngaahi mape kotoa pe o
Aositelelia mo Nuusila I he Tuutuuni Langa oku ikai lau ia.
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Peesi
SECTION B
KUPU B
(c)
STRUCTURE
FAUNGA
AS/NZS 1170.1 Structural design actions Permanent, imposed and other actions.
AS/NZS 1170.1 ngaahi ngaue tisaini fakafaunga ngaahi ngaue tuumau,
hilifaki pe ngaahi ngaue kehe.
Permanent actions (dead loads) and imposed actions (live loads) and load
combinations; or
Ngaahi ngaue tuumau (ngaahi uta mate) mo e ngaahi ngaue hilifaki atu (ngaahi
uta moui) mo e ngaue fio; pe
NZS 4203 Parts 1, 2 and 3 General structural design and design loading for buildings.
Parts 4, 5 and 6 are to be disregarded.
NZS 4203 Konga 1, 2 mo e 3 ko e tisaini fakafaunga fakalukufua mo e tisaini o e
uta ki he ngaahi fale. Konga 4, 5, mo e 6 oku ikai ke lau ia.
(d)
Earthquake loads:
Uta o e mofuike
The seismic provisions of the California Building Code 1998. Ignore all other
provisions of the Code. The seismic zone factor Z is 0.4 (same as for San Francisco).
Ko e ngaahi tuutuuni ki mofuike o e Tuutuuni ki he Langa Fale a Kalifonia
1998. TukunoaI kotoa a e ngaahi kupu kehe o e Tuutuuni Langa. Ko e zone
factor o e mofuike Z ko e 0.4 (tatau mo ia I San Francisco).
(e)
Other loads:
Ngaahi uta kehe:
B1.3
Construction deemed-to-satisfy
Langa oku lau-te ne-fakakakato
The requirements of B1.1 for materials and forms of construction are satisfied if they comply
with the following:
Ko e ngaahi fiemau o e B1.1 ki he ngaahi naunau mo e ngaahi founga o e langa oku
fakakakato ia o kapau oku faipau ki he ngaahi mea ni:
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National Building Code 2007
Peesi
STRUCTURE
SECTION B
FAUNGA
(a)
KUPU B
Masonry
Piliki sima
(i)
(ii)
Code of practice for masonry buildings not requiring specific design: NZS
4229
Tuutuuni ngaue ki he ngaahi fale piliki sima oku ikai fiemau kiai ha
tisaini pau: NZS 4229
(iii)
(b)
Concrete
Sima
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Piling: AS 2159
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Tuutuuni Fakafonua ki he Langa Fale 2007
Peesi
SECTION B
KUPU B
(h)
STRUCTURE
FAUNGA
To poui: AS 2159
(i)
(j)
(k)
Wall and roof cladding: Design and installation of sheet roof and wall cladding:
AS1562.1.
Aofi o e holisi mo e fungafale: Tisaini mo hono fokotuu o e pepa aofi
fungafale mo e holisi: AS1562.1.
(l)
(m)
Plastic roof and wall cladding materials: Plastic roof and wall cladding materials
AS/NZS 4256.1, AS/NZS 4256.2, AS/NZS 4256.3 and AS/NZS 4256.5 as
appropriate.
Ngaahi naunau pelesitiki aofi ato mo e holisi: Ngaahi naunau aofi holisi mo
ato pelesitiki AS/NZS 4256.1, AS/NZS 4256.2, AS/NZS 4256.3 mo e AS/NZS
4256.5 ki heene feunga.
B1.4
(a)
Glazing of windows and other openings and their support systems designed only
against wind loads are not safe against human impact. In order to provide for
reasonable safety against injury or death resulting from glass breakage and possible
falls, glazing and its support framing must be designed for the levels of risk shown in
Table B1.4. The impact energy that the glass and its framing must resist, for different
levels of risk and for different configurations of glazing, are given in Figure B1.4.
Ko hono fakasioata o e ngaahi matapa siI mo e ngaahi fakaava kehe mo honau
ngaahi sisitemi poupou kuo tisaini ke ne matuuaki a e ngaahi uta havili pe oku
ikai ke malu ia mei he tau iai a e tangata. Ke tukuatu ha founga ki ha malu mei
he lavea pe mate tupu mei ha mafahi a e sioata mo ha ngaahi to e ala hoko, ko
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National Building Code 2007
Peesi
STRUCTURE
SECTION B
FAUNGA
KUPU B
e sioata mo hono esia poupou kuo pau ke tisaini ki he ngaahi tuunga o e mea e
hoko oku fakaha atu I he Tepile B1.4. Ko e ivi o e malohi o e tau kuo pau ki he
sioata mo hono esia ke matuuaki, ki he ngaahi tuunga kehekehe o ha mea e
hoko pea mo e ngaahi fakafikefika kehekehe o e sioata, oku oatu I he Figure
B1.4.
(b)
(i)
Laminated glass and toughened glass are considered to be safety glass in terms
of injury potential from fragments and splinters. Wire glass and heatstrengthened glass are not safety glasses.
Ko e sioata lemineiti mo fakafefeka oku lau ia ko e sioata oku malu I
heene felaveI mo ha ngaahi lavea e ala hoko mei he ngaahi laI sioata pe
ngaahi kongokonga sioata iiki. Ko e sioata uaea mo e sioata fakafefeka I
he ea mafana oku ikai ke lau ia ko ha sioata oku malu.
(ii)
Annealed or laminated glass, which has minor abrasion damage or has been
sand blasted on the tension face will have its impact strength drastically
reduced.
Ko e sioata annealed pe lemineiti, aia oku siisiI haane maumau mei he
mavauvau pe kuo osi fana oneone I he mata oku ne tali a e tension ko
hono malohi e matuaki holo ia o siisii.
(iii)
(c)
The barrier protection shown in Figure B1.4 must be designed to NZS 4203. The
deflection of the barrier must not exceed 50% of the distance between the handrail and
the glass when a concentrated force of 1.2 kN is applied to the face of the barrier.
Ko e fakangatangata maluI oku fakaha I he Figure B1.4 kuo pau ke tisaini o
fakatatau ki he NZS 4203. Ko e fakaheke a e a malui kuo pau ke oua naa laka
hake I he 50% o e va mamao I he vahaa o e mea pikianga nima mo e sioata
I he taimi oku iai ha ivi malohi ko e 1.2kN oku hilifaki ki he mata o e a malui.
TABLE B1.4
RISK LEVEL FOR CLASSES OF BUILDINGS FOR ASSESSMENT OF
REQUIRED STRENGTH OF GLAZING
HEIGHT OF FALL
IN
CASE
OF
GLAZING
FAILURE
RISK
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
2, 6, 9b
3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9a
3 m to 6 m
2, 6, 9b
3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9a
Up to and including
3m
6, 9b
2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8,
9a
More than 6m
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Tuutuuni Fakafonua ki he Langa Fale 2007
Peesi
SECTION B
KUPU B
STRUCTURE
FAUNGA
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National Building Code 2007
Peesi
STRUCTURE
SECTION B
FAUNGA
KUPU B
DEMOLITION
HOLOKI
B2.1
General requirements
Ngaahi fiemau fakalukufua
(a)
not put at risk the safety and health of the public and of the workers;
oua naa fakatuutamaki ki he malu pea mo e moui lelei a e kakai pea mo e kau
ngaue;
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
prevent damage to public services and allow continued operation of such services.
taofi ha maumau ki he ngaahi sevesi maae kakai mo fakaata ae hokohoko atu a
e ngaue a e ngaahi sevesi ko ia.
B2.2
Applicable Standard
Ngaahi tuunga langa ala ngaueaki
The requirements of B2.1 are satisfied if demolition is carried out to AS 2601 The
demolition of structures.
Ko e ngaahi fiemau o e B2.1 oku fakakakato ia o kapau ko e holoki oku fakahoko o
fakatatau ki he AS 2601 Ko hono holoki o e ngaahi faunga.
B2.3
Dangerous buildings
Ngaahi fale fakatuutamaki
Any building which has any of the conditions or defects described below must be deemed to
be a dangerous building, if such conditions or defects exist to the extent that life, health,
safety or property of the public or its occupants are endangered whenever:
Ko ha faahinga fale pe aia oku ne mau a e ngaahi tuunga pe ngaahi mele oku
fakamatalaI I lalo kuo pau ke lau ia ko ha fale fakatuutamaki, o kapau ko e ngaahi
tuunga mo e ngaahi mele ko ia e kei iai pe ki ha tuunga ko e moui, moui lelei, malu
pe koloa a e kakai pe kau nofo oku ikai ke malu I he taimi koia:
(a) any required exit is not of sufficient width or size or is not so arranged as to provide safe
and adequate means of egress in case of fire or other emergency;
ko ha huanga ki tua oku fiemau oku ikai ke ne mau a e falahi pe lahi oku feunga
pe oku ikai ke fokotuutuu ke ne oatu ha ngaahi founga oku malu mo feunga ki he
hu ki tua o ka hoko ha vela pe ko ha toe fakatamaki fakafokifa kehe;
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Peesi
SECTION B
STRUCTURE
KUPU B
FAUNGA
(b) the stress in any materials or member due to all applicable loads, is more than 1.5 times
the working stress or stresses allowed for new buildings of similar class and type of
construction;
ko e mafasia o ha faahinga naunau pe memipa tupu mei ha ngaahi uta ala hilifaki ai,
oku laka hake I he liunga 1.5 a e mafasia I he ngaue pe ngaahi mafasia oku
fakaata ki ha ngaahi fale foou pe ko ha langa kalasi pe faahinga tatau;
(c) any portion of the building has been damaged by fire, earthquake, wind, flood or by any
other cause, to such an extent that its structural strength or stability is materially less than
it was before such catastrophe by 33% or more than the minimum requirements for new
buildings of similar class and type` of construction;
ko ha faahinga konga o e fale nae maumau I ha vela, mofuike, havili, tafea pe ha
toe faahinga tupuanga kehe, ki he ngataanga ko hono malohi fakafenga pe tuunga
malohi oku holo lahi mei he tuunga nae iai ki mua a e fakatuutamaki ko ia aki a
e 33% pe lahi hake I he ngaahi fiemau siI taha ki he ngaahi fale foou oku I he
kalasi pe faahinga langa tatau;
(d) any portion or member or attachment of the building is likely to fail, or to become
detached or dislodged, or to collapse and thereby injure persons or damage property;
ha faauhinga konga pe memipa pe hoko o ha fale e ngalingali e to pe e homo pe
motu, pe e holo o fakalaveaI ha niihi pe maumauI ha koloa;
(e) any portion of the building has suffered distortion, cracking or settlement to such an
extent that walls or other structural portions have materially less resistance to winds or
earthquakes than is required in the case of similar new construction;
ha faahinga konga o e fale nae maumau, mafahifahi pe ko hono nofoI o au ki ha
tuunga ko e ngaahi holisi pe ngaahi konga fakafaunga kuo lahi a e holo a ene
matuuaki a e havili pe ngaahi mofuike I hono fiemau kapau ko ha langa foou tatau
mo ia;
(f) the building or any portion of it is likely to collapse or fail to perform the intended
function, as a result of:
ko e fale pe ko hano konga e ngalingali holo pe ikai malava o fakahoko a e fatongia
nae fakataumua ki ai, ko e tupunga mei:
(i)
(ii)
faulty construction;
ha palopalema a e langa ;
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(g) the building exclusive of the foundation, shows 33% or more damage or deterioration of
any supporting member or 50% damage or deterioration of its non-supporting members;
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National Building Code 2007
Peesi
STRUCTURE
SECTION B
FAUNGA
KUPU B
(h) any building has in any non-supporting part, member or portion less than 50%, or in any
supporting part, member or portion less than 66% of the
ha faahinga fake a ia oku I ai hano konga oku ikai ko ha memipa kau ki hono
langolango pe konga oku siI hifo I he 50% pe I ha faahinga konga langolango,
memipa pe konga oku siI hifo I he 66% o e
(i)
strength, or
malohi, pe
(ii)
(i)
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Tuutuuni Fakafonua ki he Langa Fale 2007
Peesi