Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CONDITION ASSESSMENT
&
DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS
By : VK LAKHIANI
CROMPTON GREAVES LTD
MUMBAI
19/09/2006 Prepared by : VKL 1
OUTLOOK
1) THERMAL LIFE
2) DIELECTRIC LIFE
3) MECHANICAL LIFE
4) LIFE OF ACCESSORIES
AGED
(θh – 98/6)
V=2 ………….. FOR NON-THERMALLY
UPGRADED PAPER
{ 15000 15000 }
{ ------------ - --------- }
{ 110 + 273 θh + 273 }
V= e
…………….FOR THERMALLY
UPGRADED PAPER
CRITICAL
LEVEL
FAILED
Moisture contamination
Particles in oil
Oil oxidation
Paper aging
Surface contamination
Impact of oil by-products
Long-term risk
The presence of moisture in the transformer, to whatever degree,
does actually harm the insulation which is, in fact permanent
damage.
Clamping
plate
Spacer block
Angle ring
: Support blocks
: Strips , Spacers
: Clamping rings and plates
Thin
50 days
φ= 55%
Thick
Manufacturing Foreign
Debris Debris
Oil
Floating in oil
In solution in oil
On surface deposition
Migration through paper layers
Coke
Insect
Paper fiber
Fragment
19/09/2006 Copper
Prepared by : VKL 42
Insulation contamination
Carbon deposit
Conductive particles deposit
19/09/2006 Prepared by : VKL 45
Impact of corrosive oil
Originally formally non-corrosive oil becomes
corrosive under effect of temperature and time
The presence of Cu2S coating (copper sulfite)
On conductor
On paper facing the conductor
On free cellulose surfaces
Deposition can occur at low temperatures
Time required for test 12 weeks at 100oC, 3 weeks 120oC
Modified
ABB proposal:
ASTM D1275
Covered Conductor Corrosion & Deposition
48 hours wrapped copper conductor bar,
@ 150oC 100°C Prepared
9-12 weeks.
19/09/2006 by : VKL 49
Oil oxidation
Sludge:
Soluble
Non-soluble
19/09/2006 Prepared by : VKL 51
Paper aging
1 1
− 13350
DPEnd DPStart T + 273
Expected _ Life = ⋅e [ years ]
A • 24 ∗ 365
Oil side
• Predictive maintenance
• Life extension
• Refurbishment
• Replacement strategy
• CM - corrective maintenance
• TBM - time based maintenance
• CBM - condition based maintenance
• RCM - reliability centred maintenance
1. THERMAL LIFE
1) DGA
2) FURFURAL C ONTENTS
3) DP
4) FIBRE OPTIC HOT SPOT MEASUREMENT(NEW)
5) THERMAL IMAGING
2. DIELECTRIC LIFE
1) PD
2) OIL QUANTITY
3) FDS
3. MECHANICAL
1) FRA
19/09/2006 Prepared by : VKL 72
DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS (DGA)
OF MINERAL OIL INSULATING
FLUIDS IN TRANSFORMERS -
INTERPRETATIONS
CLASSIFIED IN 3 GROUPS :
1. CORONA
A) OIL H2
B) CELLULOSE H2, Co, Co2
3.5 CORE
COMMUNI- 60-280
CATING OLTC
COMMUNI- 21-37
CATING OLTC
H2 CH4
GASES CH4/H2
FORMED
CATALYTIC REACTIONS H2 <0.02
4. PARTIAL DISCHARGES
I) RATIO TECHNIQUE
• DEPENDENCE OF TEMPERATURE TO
THE TYPES OF OIL & CELLULOSE
DECOMPOSITION GASES PROVIDES
THE BASIS FOR THE QUALITATIVE
DETERMINATION OF FAULT GASES
THAT ARE TYPICAL, OR PREDOMINANT
AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES.
1) IEC 60599
CH4 / H2
C2H4/C2H6
C2H2/C2H4
2) IEEE METHOD
• THERMAL
• LOW ENERGY ELECTRICAL
• HIGH ENERGY ELECTRICAL
• 4 RATIOS USED :
CH4/H2 C2H6/CH4
C2H4/C2H6 C2H2/C2H4
4) SCHLIESINGER METHOD
• 5 RATIOS USED :
C2H2/C2H6 C02/CO
5) DORNENBURG’S METHOD
6)NOMOGRAPH TECHNIQUE
7) DUVAL METHOD
DISADVANTAGES :
ADVANTAGES :
1. KEY RATIOS
30 PPM
3. PROCEDURE
RESULTS
1.1
CASE CHARACTERISTICS C 2H 2 CH4 C2H4
FAULT C 2H 4 H2 C2H6
PD PARTIAL DISCHARGES <0.01 BUT NS <0.1 <0.2
PD < 0.2
D > 0.2
T < 0.2
HYDROGEN <5
METHANE <2
ETHANE <2
ETHYLENE <2
ACETYLENE <0.1
CARBON MONOXIDE <50
CARBONDIOXIDE <200
1.4 O2 / N2 RATIO :
• IT IS RECOMMENDED TO :
H2 2
CO 5
CO2 10
CH4 0.1
C2H6 0.1
C2H4 0.1
C2H2 0.1
19/09/2006 Prepared by : VKL 139
(C) IEEE STD. C57.104-1991
- PRINCIPAL GAS CO
- ARRAY OF 5 RATIOS
R1 = CH4 / H2
R2 = C2H2 / C2H4
R3 = C2H2 / CH4
R4 = C2H6/C2H2
R5 = C2H4 / C2H6
H2 100
CH4 120
CO 350
C2H2 35
C2H4 50
C2H6 65
SUGGESTED FAULT RATIO 1(R1) RATIO 2(R2) RATIO 3(R3) RATIO 4 (R4)
DIAGNOSIS CH4/H2 C2H2/C2H4 C2H2/CH4 C2H6/C2H2
EXTRACTED EXTRACTED EXTRACTED EXTRACTED
PD PARTIAL DISCHARGES
DIELECTRIC
ELECTROMAGNETIC
CIRCUIT
MECHANICAL
SELECTOR SWITCH
DIELECTRIC
ELECTRICAL
MECHANICAL
OPERATION
- TRAVEL BEYOND THE
END STOP
DRIVE MECHANISM
OVER-STRESSING
SHORT-CIRCUIT LAYER DISCHARGES(D1,D2)
INGRESS OF MOISTURE
INGRESS OF AIR PUNCTURE DISCHARGES(D1)
GRAPHITE INK MIGRATION EXPLOSION THERMAL FAULT(T2,T3)
DIELECTRIC OVERHEATING DISCHARGES(D2)
X-WAX DEPOSIT PARTIAL DISCHARGES (PD)
BULK NATURE
AGING OF OIL-PAPER BODY
THERMAL UNSTABLE OIL FLASHOVER
GAS UNSTABLE OIL EXPLOSIONS DISCHARGES(D1)
OVER-SATURATION DISCHARGES(D2)
19/09/2006 Prepared by : VKL 158
TYPICAL DEFECTS FOR BUSHINGS DETECTABLE BY DGA