Subject : Accountancy

Class : XII

Value Based Questions

Accounting for Partnership firmsFundamentals
1. Salman and Balram commenced business in partnership on 1st April, 2011, sharing profits in 3 : 2 ratio. They
contributed ` 80,000 and ` 20,000 respectively as their capital. In addition Salman also advanced ` 30,000 on
1st October 2011 as a loan to the firm. Salman met with a car accident on 1st July, 2011 and could not attend the
partnership business for long. The firm decided to provide him ` 15,000 to meet his medical expenses. The firm
also decided to allow 8% interest on loan advanced by Salman to the firm. On 31st March, 2012 Salman died after a
prolong illness and Balram decided to continue partnership with Salmans wife, Razia to provide financial assistance
to Salmans wife and Kids.
(a) Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation account when interest on capital provided @ 10% p.a. and Net profit
earned during the year ` 1,20,000.
(b) Identify the values which according to you are highlighted in the above problem.
Solution :
(a)
Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c
Dr.
for the year ended 31st March, 2012
Particulars

Amount
(`)

To Salmans Capital A/c (Interest on Capital)

Particulars

8,000 By Net Profit

To Balrams Capital A/c (Interest on Capital)

Cr.
Amount
(`)
1,20,000

2,000 Less : Interest on Salmans Loan

To Salmans Capital A/c (Medical expenses)

15,000

To Profit Transferred to :

Salmans Capital A/c

56,280

Balrams Capital A/c

37,520

`30, 000

8
6

j
100
12

1,18,800

1,200

1,18,800

1,18,800

(b) Following values are highlighted in the above problem.

(i) Partners of different religion giving value to secularism.
(ii) Compensation of ` 15,000 to Salman recognizes value of social justice and employees job security and safety.
(iii) Introduction of Mrs Salman Razia as a partner after the death Mr. Salman highlights the value of
Empowerment of women entrepreneur.
2. A and B are partners dealing in manufacturing Plastic Polythene were sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 2. Their capitals
are ` 70,000 and ` 50,000 respectively. The government banned the plastic polythene and therefore they shifted to
manufacturing paper bags. Their sale was going done consistently as compared to previous years. They employed
a new marketing manager to uplift the sales volume from the current year. To motivate the manager, firm provided
him 5% commission on net profit earned during the year. Net profit earned during the year was ` 2,00,000. The firm
also admitted one new partner C, who is a marketing expert, for 1/4th share with a guarantee of minimum profit of
` 50,000 every year as he needed this money for her daughters marriage.
(a) Prepare Profit and Loss Appropriation Account to show the effect of the above transactions.
(b) Identify the values which according to you are highlighted in the above problem.

(1)

 Solution :
(a)
Dr.

Profit and Loss Appropriation A/c

for the year ended ....
Particulars

Cr.

Amount
(`)

To Profit Transferred to :

Particulars

Amount
(`)

By Net Profit

As Capital A/c

85,500

Less : Cs Share

1,500

Bs Capital A/c

57,000

Less : Cs Share

1,000

Cs Capital A/c

47,500

Add : As Share

1,500

Add : Bs Share

1,000

2,00,000

Less : Managers Commission

10,000

1,90,000

84,000
56,000

50,000
1,90,000

1,90,000

(b) (i) Shifting from plastic to paper bag manufacturing shows the firm has fulfilled the value of environment
conservation.
(ii) Guarantee of minimum profit to C to assist him in her daughters marriage fulfills the value of concern and
help towards humans.

Accounting for Partnership firmsChange in Profit Sharing Ratio

3. Vikas, Kajal and Charvi are partners dealing in manufacturing of Handicrafts and Khadi items. They share profits and
losses in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1. Each of them have invested ` 2,00,000 each. Charvi wants that she should be given
equal share in profits with Vikas and Kajal as all of them have invested same amount of capital. She further wants
that change in profit sharing ratio should come into effect from the last 3 years. Vikas and Kajal have agreed upon this
proposal. The profits for the 3 years were ` 24,500, ` 22,000 and ` 28,500.
(i) Show the adjustment of profit for the last 3 years by means of journal entry.
(ii) Identify the values which according to you are highlighted in the above problem.
Solution :
Share in Profit already received (as per old ratio 2 : 2 : 1)

Vikas

Kajal

Charvi

30,000

30,000

15,000

25,000

25,000

25,000

for total 3 years profit i.e. 75,000 (` 24,500 + ` 22,000 + ` 28,500)

Share in Profit to be received (as per agreed New Ratio 1 : 1 : 1)
Adjustment

5,000 Dr.

5,000 Dr.

10,000 Cr.

Adjustment
Adjustment Entry
Vikass Capital A/c

Dr.

5,000

Kajals Capital A/c

Dr.

5,000

To Charvis Capital A/c

10,000

(For adjustment made for change in profit sharing ratio)

(b) (i) Value of protection of national heritage and tradition is exhibited in the above problem as partners are
dealing in manufacturing of handicrafts and Khadi items.
(ii) Value of equality and self respect of individual is highlighted in the above problem as Charvis request
of equal profit has been accepted by the firm as earlier she was getting less amount of profit inspite of
investing the same amount of capital in comparison to other partners.
(iii) Manufacturing of Khadi and Handicrafts highlights the value of environmental conservation.
(iv) Since manufacturing of Khadi and Handicrafts is a labour intensive project therefore it highlights the value
of social inclusiveness.

(2)

Accounting for Partnership FirmsAdmission of a Partner

4. Ram, Gurdeep and Fatima are partners dealing in manufacturing of electric power saver machine. They share
2 th
profits and losses in the ratio of 5 : 3 : 2. They admitted Mathew for
share. Fatima is a single parent of two
10
small kids. On the admission of Mathew, Fatima requested to Ram and Gurdeep that she does not want to change
her profit share and wants to retain her original (old) share.
(a) Find out the new profit sharing ratio of Ram, Gurdeep, Fatima and Mathew.
(b) What values you can identify in the above problem ?
Solution :
(a) Let the total profit of the new firm = 1
2
Fatimas share
=
10
Mathews share
= 2
10
Remaining profit share of Ram and Gurdeep = 1 a 2 + 2 k
10 10
4
6
th

= 1
share
=
10 10
Rams new share
= 6 # 5 = 30
10 8 80
Gurdeeps share
= 6 3 = 18
10 8 80
Fatimas new share = 2 8 = 16
10 8 80
2 8 16
=
Mathews new share =
10 8 80
Thus, new profit sharing ratio

= 30 : 18 : 16 : 16

Or, 15 : 9 : 8 : 8
(b) Following values are identified in the above problem :
(i) Conservation of natural resources
(ii) Empowering women entrepreneurship
(iii) Secularism
(iv) Support to the needy person.

Accounting for Partnership FirmsRetirement of a Partner

5. A, B and C are partners with capitals ` 3,00,000, ` 3,00,000 and ` 2,00,000 respectively. They shared profits in the
ratio of 5 : 3 : 2. C retired and A and B decided to share future profits equally as they had invested equal capital.
On the day of retirement goodwill of the firm was valued at ` 60,000. Goodwill already appears in the old books at
` 20,000 along with credit balance of ` 15,000 in the profit and loss account. C requested the firm to pay off his dues
immediately as he needs money for his fathers operation. The firm accepted his request.
(a) Pass necessary journal entries related to Cs retirement till the final payment.
(b) Identify the values which according to you are highlighted in the above problem.

(3)

 Solution :
(a)
Date

Journal
Particulars

LF

As Capital A/c
Bs Capital A/c
Cs Capital A/c

To Goodwill A/c
(Being old goodwill return off in old ratio)

Dr.
Dr.
Dr.

B Capital A/c
To Cs Goodwill A/c
(Being Cs share of goodwill compensated by B)

Dr.

Profit and Loss A/c

To As Capital A/c

To Bs Capital A/c

To Cs Capital A/c
(Being profit distributed in old ratio)

Dr.

Cs Capital A/c

To Bank A/c
(Being final amount due to paid off)

Dr.

Dr. (`)

Cr. (`)

10,000
6,000
4,000
20,000
12,000
12,000
15,000
7,500
4,500
3,000
2,11,000
2,11,000

Working Note :
= 1 5 = 5 - 5 = 0
2 10
10
1
3
5
Bs gaining share
=
= -3 = 2
2 10
10
10
So, only B is the gaining partner.
Total goodwill of the firm = ` 60,000
Cs share of goodwill = 2 60000 = 12,000
10
(b) (i) Value of equity reflected as the remaining partners deciding to shares future profits equally because they
have invested equal capital.

As gaining share

(ii) Value of social justice and support is justified as C gets his share in goodwill, profits etc. till the date of
retire men immediately.

Accounting for Partnership FirmsDeath of a Partner

6. X, Y and Z were partners sharing profits in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 3. On 1st June, 2012 X died. According to partnership
agreement deceased partners share in profit was to be computed on the basis of last years profit which was
` 2,48,000. This profit includes gain on sale of office car ` 8,000. For the last several years, firms profits are showing
upward trend of 10% every year (i) Compute Xs profit for broken period assuming that accounts are closed on 31st
December every year (ii) What value is shown in the above problem ?
Solution :
(a) Last years profit
Less : Abnormal gain (profit on sale of office car)

Add : Expected increase @ 10%
Expected profit of current year

(4)

2,48,000
8,000
2,40,000
24,000
2,64,000

Expected profit for 5 months (1.1.2012 30.5.2012 )

= 2,64,000 5 = ` 1,10,000
12
Xs share
= 1,10,000 3 = ` 33,000
10
(b) (i) Value of Fairness is reflected as abnormal gain is not treated as a part of business normal income and the
deceased partner is given the benefit of increase in the amount of profit every year.
(ii) Sensitivity towards the family members of the deceased partner by providing them the amount due to the
deceased partner till death.

Accounting for Partnership FirmsDissolution of a Partnership Firm

7. A, B and C were partners sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2 : 2 : 1. On 1st January 2012, their firm was
dissolved and the following amounts were due to be paid.
(i) Bs loan ` 10,000
(ii) Creditors ` 15,000
(iii) Mrs As loan ` 8,000
(iv) Bank loan (secured against building) ` 1,00,000
(v) Realisation Expenses

(a) State the order in which the above liabilities are to be paid by the firm as per section 48.

(b) What value is reflected in the above problem ?
Solution :
(a) The liabilities will be paid in the following order as per section 48.

(i) Realization Expenses

(ii) Bank loan

(iii) Creditors

(iv) Mrs As loan

(v) Bs loan

(b) The value of priority and commitment is reflected in the above problem as payment is made to secured
external liabilities first and unsecured external liabilities later on.

Company Accounts Accounting for Share Capital

8. Jimmy Davis Ltd. invited applications for 30,000 shares of ` 10 each payable as follows :

On Application

` 3

(On 1st April, 2011)

On Allotment

` 2

(On 1st July, 2011)

On First Call

` 3

(On 1st Dec., 2011)

On Final Call

` 2

(On 31st March, 2012)

The issue was fully subscribed and shares were allotted to all the applicants. Mr. Vikas holding 2000 shares, paid the
whole of the amount due along with allotment. Interest was paid to the shareholders on 31st March, 2012.

(i) Calculate the amount of Interest on Calls-in-advance ?

(ii) What values are highlighted in the above problem ?

Solution :

(i) Interest on Calls-in-advance

(a) Calls-in-advance for first Call

= 2000 shares @ ` 3 = ` 6,000

Interest for 5 months (1.7.2011 1.12.2011) @ 6% p.a

(5)

= ` 6,000 6 5 = ` 150
100 12
= 2,000 shares @ ` 2 = ` 4,000

(b) Calls in advance for second call

(ii) Since company is paying interest on calls in advance it shows the corporate law has taken into consideration the
Time value of money. The company is Considerate and Sensitive towards the money received in advance
before its actual due date. Thus payment of interest on such advance is also Justified as the shareholder would
have got the interest on this amount if he had invested this money in bank or otherwise.

Interest for 9 months (1.7.2011 31.3.2012) @ 6% p.a

= ` 4,000 6 9 = ` 180
100 12
Total Interest on Calls-in-advance = ` 150 + ` 180 = ` 330

9. When number of share applications received are less than the number of shares offered by the company, the
company can allot the shares only when the applications received are at least 90% of the shares offered by the
company.

(i) What name is given to such a situation ?

(ii) What value is highlighted in the above problem ?

Solution :

(i) This situation is known as Minimum Subscription.

(ii) Minimum subscription means the amount which in the opinion of the directors, is the minimum sufficient to be
raised by issue of shares so as to finance at least for payment of property purchased or to be purchased, payment
of preliminary expenses, under writing commission etc.

Thus from the above meaning of Minimum Subscription it is clear that here the value of Support and Financial
help is recognised through the money received against minimum subscription.

10. TPT Ltd. was registered with an authorised share capital of ` 50,00,000 divided into 50,000 equity shares of ` 100
each. It issued 25,000 equity shares at par payable was ` 25 on Application; ` 40 on Allotment and ` 35 on first and
final call. Applications received for 30,000 equity shares.

The company has two options to handle this oversubscription of shares.

Option I : To reject the excess applications received for 5,000 shares.

Option II : To make pro-rata allotment and adjust the excess application money received for allotment.

What value is observed or highlighted in the above two options.

Solution :

Option I : The value of equality and social justice is neglected here. The rejected applicants are deprived off
from getting the shares.

Option II : The value of equality and Social Justice can be seen existing in the second option.

Company Accounts Accounting for Debentures

11. Blue Jay Ltd. purchased assets worth ` 2,30,000 and took over liabilities of ` 75,000 at an agreed price of ` 1,72,500
from Astonia Ltd. The company had an option to pay off the purchase consideration either through issue of shares or
through issue of 12% debentures of ` 100 each. The company opted to issue 12% debentures at ` 15 premium since
in case of debentures there is a fixed burden of interest and there is also a tax benefit as interest is tax deductible.

(i) Pass the necessary journal entries for the above transactions in the books of Blue Jay Ltd.

(ii) What value is highlighted in the above problem ?

(6)

 Solution :

(i)

Journal of Blue Jay Ltd.

Date

Particulars

L.F.

Sundry Assets A/c

Goodwill A/c
To Sundry Liabilities A/c
To Astonia Ltd.
(Being assets and liabilities taken over)

Dr.
Dr.

Astonia Ltd. A/c

To 12% Debentures A/c
To Securities Premium Reserve A/c
(Being issue of 1500 12% Debentures at 15% premium)

Dr.

Dr. (`)

Cr. (`)

2,30,000
17,500
75,000
1,72,500
1,72,500
1,50,000
22,500

1, 72, 500
= 1,500 debentures.
115
(ii) Since the company opted for issue of debentures instead of shares, it shows the value of Security and
Smartness from the issue of debentures as there is a dual benefit of Tax Saving and Trading on Equity.
Number of debentures issued = `

12. On 1st January, 2007, X limited issued 5000, 10 % Debentures of 100 each, redeemable at 10% premium after 5 years.
For this purpose company transferred ` 5,00,000 to Debentures Redemption Reserve A/c so that the debenture
holders get their amount on the due date. What value is highlighted on the above problem ?
Solution :
The value of responsibility is highlighted in the above problem as company has retained profit to pay off to the
debentureholders. It also shows the value of sincerity and Commitment regarding the timely payment to the
debentureholders.

(7)

Subject : Biology
Class : XII

Value Based Questions

Chapter 1

Reproduction in Organisms

1. You must have seen your mother adding 3-4

globules of yeast to the idli paste she has
prepared. Similarly, brewing industry uses yeast
in the manufacture of alcohol.
(a) How does such a small amount of yeast
added helps to produce thousands of litres
of alcohol ?
(b) Explain how yeast multiplies so fast, along
with diagrams.
(c) Name the process carried out by yeast in
these cases.
2. A farmer cultivates sugarcane and rose by
using stem cuttings. He found that some of
the cuttings did not continue to grow into new
plants.
(a) Can you suggest a reason for this ?
(b) Enlist the aspects that must be taken
into consideration, while preparing stem
cuttings for propagation.
(c) Name two other plants which are also
propagated by stem cuttings.
3. Jagan has two mango trees in the backyard
of his house, which yielded fruits for the first

Chapter 2

time during this summer. The fruits were small,

fibrous and not so sweet. In the next house,
where his friend Ajay lives, there is a mango
tree, which yields fruits that are fleshy/juicy,
very sweet and bigger in size.
(a) Can you suggest a method for getting good
quality fruits, as yielded by the mango tree
of Ajay's house, on the trees of Jagans
house in a short period of time, i.e., before
the next season ?
(b) Describe how it is carried out to help
Jagan.
(c) What are its advantages over growing a
mango tree with the seeds obtained from
Ajay's garden ?
4. In nature, i.e., in the wild, birds lay eggs
seasonally during a particular time of the
year, but in a poultry farm, eggs are produced
throughout the year.
(a) Give reason for this observation.
(b) Is it ethically/morally correct in your
opinion ? Justify your argument.

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

1. You and your friend Gagan are walking in the

orchard your father owns. You notice that some
of the flowers and the developing fruits in a
guava tree are covered with butter paper covers.
Gagan is about to remove the bags around the
flowers, saying that flowers will not be eaten
by animals. You know the caretaker has done
this to improve the quality of the yield.
(a) What practice is the caretaker carrying
out ?
(b) How will you explain, to your friend, the
need for covering the flowers ?

(c) Do you think all the seeds produced will

grow into plants with all the desirable
qualities ? Why ?
2. A farmer keeps maize grains for raising the
next crop. He calls them 'seeds', but your
teacher says morphologically they should not
be called 'seeds', but 'grains'.
(a) Explain what the farmer means as 'seeds'.
(b) Why does your teacher say they are not
seeds, but grains ? Explain along with a
labelled diagram of the vertical section of
a maize grain.

(1)

 3. When you visited a garden a month back, you

saw a number of moths, butterflies, dragonflies,
etc. hovering round the flowers/plants and many
ants, other insects and some worms in the soil.
Now, after a month or so, when you happen
to visit the same garden, to your dismay, you
don't see any butterflies or dragonflies or the
ants in the soil. The gardener said he had used

some 'medicines' to avoid the insects causing

damage to the plants.
(a) How would the yield from the garden be
affected ? Explain with reasons.
(b) Will there be some plants, whose yield will
not be affected ? Why ? Give reason.
(c) Can this act of the gardener cause any
health problems to the consumers ? Explain
the value of organisms.

Chapter 4
1. The growth rate of human population in our
country is alarmingly high and the government
is forced to take up serious measures to check
the population growth.
(a) What are the problems expected by such
population explosion ?
(b) What are the possible options available to
motivate people to have small families ?
(c) How can the government make those ideas
reach the common people, i.e., make a
propaganda ?
2. We see advertisements like 'Nirodh' as a method
of family planning.
(a) What is 'Nirodh' ?
(b) What is the principle behind using it as a
method to control population growth ?
(c) How will you convince people who say it
is religiously wrong to use them to avoid
pregnancy ? Mention its advantages.
3. We hear some people saying that they have
undergone family planning operation.
(a) What technical term is given to such
operations in males and females,
respectively ?
(b) What is done in this operation and how
does it prevent pregnancy ?
(c) How will you convince the people of your
village who have some wrong ideas about
this, like they can't carry out the hard work,
etc ?
(d) Give any two methods of creating
awareness among people about this.

Reproductive Health
4. A doctor advised Mrs. Seema to undergo
MTP, as she diagnosed a certain problem in
the foetus, which may affect the mother too.
Another patient of the doctor, Mrs. Nita, wanted
the doctor to confirm the sex of the foetus and
remove the foetus, if it were a female.
(a) Name the technique the doctor has used
to detect problem in the foetus.
(b) What is done in this technique ?
(c) What should the doctor reply to the demand
of Mrs. Nita and convince her on the
value ?
(d) What should the government do to avoid
such problems ?
(e) What will be the consequence of female
foeticide/infanticide on a large scale ?
Mention some methods to reach these
aspects to the common people.
5. An infertile couple visits a doctor for a checkup. It was found that the man is having some
problem, which is the reason for the couple
not having a child. But he does not agree with
the doctor and argues that he is healthy and
only his wife is asthmatic and hence, she is
not able to produce a child.
(a) What are the possible causes of infertility
in males ?
(b) What are the possible methods available
for this couple to have a child ? Explain
in detail.

(2)

Chapter 5

Heredity and Variation

1. A man has five daughters and he blames his

wife for giving birth to daughters. His wife
is pregnant for the sixth time, as they want at
least one son.
(a) What is the probability of this couple
getting a son this time sure or again a
chance only ?
(b) Explain to the man that it is not his wife,
but he is responsible for the birth of
daughters to them.
(c) What value is insisted by convincing
him ?
2. You may have seen or heard of many children
going for periodic transfusions, as they are
the sufferers of thalassemia (also called
Thalassemia major); but their parents are
normal and do not show any symptom of the
disease.
(a) Explain the genetic basis of such diseases
appearing among the siblings, but not

Chapter

found in any of their parents.

(b) What are the two forms of thalassemia ?
Differentiate between them.
(c) Could they have avoided the birth of such
children ? Explain.
3. In a court of law, two couples A and B, claim
a child X of blood group O as theirs. Couple
A has man with blood group O and woman
with blood group AB. Couple B has man with
blood group A and woman with blood group
B. The geneticists have helped in solving the
problem and the child was handed over to
couple B.
(a) Is it a correct judgement regarding the true/
biological parents of the child ? Justify
with your knowledge of genetics.
(b) Name another technique that is also used
in solving problems of this kind.

Health and Disease

1. Your classmate Reema is the daughter of a

HIV-positive mother and she is also HIVpositive. Most of your classmates do not mingle
with her at all and their parents also want the
school to send Reema out. But the principal,
a former biology teacher tries and convinces
the parents and Reema continues to study in
your school.
(a) Can you enumerate the points that
your principal must have talked to the
parents that their children will not get the
infection ?
(b) How can the general public be made
aware of these facts and not to shun the
HIV-positive children in schools and the
adults in their workplace ?
(c) Name the organism (in full) that causes
AIDS.

2. Arun's father smokes cigarettes sitting in the

main hall, while watching TV. But Arun insists
that he smokes outside the house in the lawn
and also slowly gives up smoking as it is
harmful for health.
(a) Do you agree with Arun that his father
must smoke outside his house ? Give
reason for your answer.
(b) Why does Arun insist his father to give
up smoking ? Give reasons.
(c) How can we make a propaganda and create
awareness among people that smoking is
injurious to health ?
3. In many villages, people do not go for
vaccination or immunisation; they feel they are
healthy and they do not have the disease.
(a) How can we explain to them that vaccination
will help to prevent the disease ?
(b) How can this idea be made to reach
them ?

(3)

 4. Ranjan has met with a roadside accident where

he fell off his bicycle and developed bleeding
injury in his right leg. His doctor advised to
have a TT injection.
(a) Expand TT.
(b) Why is antitoxin injected in this case and
not the antigen ?
(c) What is this type of immunisation called?
Mention one more condition when this
type of immunisation is carried out.
5. Mohan is a second year student of engineering
and Raghu is his best friend and classmate too.

But recent days, Mohan feels Raghu is not

behaving the same way with him and has not
done well in his assessment tests; he suspects
Raghu to have taken to drugs.
(a) Enumerate the symptoms which must have
made Mohan think so.
(b) Enumerate the possible reasons that must
have made Raghu take to drugs.
(c) How can Mohan help his friend to give
up drugs and come back to normal
drugs ?
(d) Name any two classes of drugs and their
source plants.

Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

1. In a field of sugarcane, all the plants have
been damaged during an epidemic of a fungal
disease, whereas in another field in the same
area, there were many plants that were not
affected by the disease.
(a) Explain the reason for this observation.
(b) How can the unaffected plants be used to
increase their number ?
(c) How can the desirable quality, i.e., disease
resistance, be incorporated into future
generations of the crop ? Give your ideas
to the farmers.
2. The population explosion in India has led to
a food crisis in recent times. It is felt that we
need another green revolution.
(a) What in your opinion, are the major
limitations of the first green revolution of
1960s ?
(b) Name the crop varieties introduced into
India then.
(c) What was the increase in the yield of crops
like. (i) rice and (ii) wheat ?
(d) Who is regarded as the Father of green
revolution ?
3. It was reported from a farm that the yield has
decreased considerably in recent times. The
farmer was advised to keep a beehive in a
corner of his farm.

(a) What is the logic/reason behind this advice,

as a method to increase the yield ?
(b) Enumerate the important points to be
followed for successful bee-keeping.
(c) What is the technical term given for beekeeping ?
4. You must have read in newspapers recently
about the death of Mr. Verghese Kurien, the
father of White revolution in our country.
(a) What is white revolution ?
(b) A farmer who has been working in your
farm, now gets some money and wants
to set-up a dairy farm. As a student of
biology, how will you help him to have
a successful dairy farm management ?
5. After Green revolution, we now talk about
Blue revolution, being implemented in the
same lines of Green revolution.
(a) What is Blue revolution ?
(b) What is fishery ? What is its role in our
economy ?
(c) With increasing population and increasing
demand on fisheries, we have implemented
certain techniques. Name and explain the
two major techniques.

(4)

Chapter 10

Microbes in Human Welfare

1. Rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, etc. are considered

sacred rivers. Just because of this reason, the
load of pollution in these rivers increases, as
people throw many things in the name of puja.
Many factories also let out the effluents into
these rivers.
(a) What has the government done to check
pollution in these rivers ?
(b) How can you make a propaganda regarding
saving the river of your locality from
pollution ?
(c) Enumerate the points you will give, about
the advantages of saving the river.
2. A farmer has been cultivating paddy, season
after season, in a small piece of his land. Of
late, the yield has been decreasing. He was
advised by the agricultural department centre
of your locality to use Nostoc and stop the
use of chemical fertilisers. He shares with you
all these and asks you for explanation of the
reason behind.

(a) What is Nostoc ?

(b) Explain to him how 'Nostoc' will help to
increase the yield
(c) What term is given to the practice of
growing the same crop in a field season
after season ? Explain to him how this
practice can decrease the yield and mention
the alternative for it.
3. In your recent visit to your village in a remote
corner in Tamil Nadu, you happened to see
people using cow dung cakes and firewood
for cooking. You observed that cowdung is
available in plenty. After coming back you have
discussed it with your father about setting up
a biogas plant there and help your villagers,
to which your father agreed to do all the
needful
(a) Why is cowdung the best raw material for
the production of biogas ?
(b) What are the advantages of producing
biogas instead of using cowdung cakes?
(c) Explain to the villagers about the biogas
plant, its working and supply of biogas.

Chapter 14

Ecosystem

1. It is said that every big fish eats the smaller

fishes. This proverb holds good from ecological
point of view. The phytoplanktons harvest solar
energy and they are consumed by zooplanktons,
certain small animals or even very small fish.
These small fishes are eaten by larger fishes;
when they die, their bodies are decomposed
by bacteria and fungi.
(a) What does the above paragraph describe
about ?
(b) What general term is given to the levels
occupied by these organisms ?
(c) How is the fish that feeds on the
phytoplankton, called ? What is the trophic
level occupied by it ?
(d) Which of the above mentioned organisms
will be the maximum in number ? Does it
represent the maximum biomass also ?

2. Mr. Chang in China takes fruits, vegetables,

bread, eggs and snake curry, in a day's
menu.
(a) How many trophic levels does he occupy
in different food chains ?
(b) Represent at least three food chains.
(c) Which among them gives him the maximum
amount of energy ? Give reason.
3. 'Be a vegetarian' is the slogan seen and heard
in many advertisements.
(a) Can you help the common people of
your village to understand this with more
biological reasons ?
(b) Explain how that will save the environment
also.

(5)

 4. Isha Upanishad states 'The whole Universe

together with its creatures belongs to the
Lord, Nature'. All organisms including man are
the integral parts of nature, returning all the
nourishment borrowed from Mother Earth.
(a) Where or which part of the nature is
the major source of nourishment to
organisms ?

Chapter 15

(b) How do the nutrients from there reach

the various types of organisms ? What
technical term is given to the above
process ?
(c) How do the living creatures return the
nourishment taken from nature to the
Mother earth ? Explain the process and
the organisms involved in it.

Biodiversity and its Conservation

1. When we pass by a small pond/lake or even a

canal, it is a sight of beautiful mauve coloured
flowers of water hyacinth, the plant which
completely covers the water surface. It is for
these beautiful flowers that this plant was
introduced into India. But now we talk about
the harm it has caused to our ecosystems and
waterways.
(a) Write the scientific name of this plant.
(b) How has it become a menace to be denoted
as 'Terror of Bengal' ?
2. The resource consumption pattern of people
in economically developed and the developing
countries differs radically.

(a) Who, between the two, people of developed

countries or of developing countries, use
more resources ? Justify your answer.
(b) What is the consequence of consumption of
more natural resources on the environment ?
Explain.
3. Isha Upanishad says 'let no one species encroach
over the rights and privileges of other species.
One can enjoy nature by giving up greed'. But
human activities have accelerated the rate of
extinction of species in recent times.
(a) Name any four such mass activities.
(b) Describe how each of these activities leads
to loss of biodiversity.

Chapter 16
1. Can you imagine the amount of water that can
be saved, if water is not necessary to dispose
off human excreta ? There are 'Ecosan' toilets
functioning in many parts of Kerala and Sri
Lanka.
(a) What is meant by Ecological Sanitation ?
(b) Mention any four advantages of this method
of human waste disposal.
(c) Mention the key point of this method.
2. Conserving natural resources is the need of
the hour. Organic farming is one of the ways
of conserving natural resources, as it allows
maximum utilisation of the resources. A farmer,
Ramesh Chandra Dagar, in Sonepat, Haryana
is just doing this.
(a) What is meant by integrated organic
farming ?

Environmental Issues
(b) List the different activities that can possibly
be included in organic farming.
(c) Describe how these different activities can
be integrated.
3. Kudangulam, a small coastal town in the South
Tamil Nadu, has been in the news recently for
sometime, as there have been protests against
establishing a nuclear power plant.
(a) What in your opinion can be the advantages
of such power plants ?
(b) Enlist the arguments (disadvantages) the
native people have, against the power
plant.
(c) In case of an accidental leakage of
radioactive substances, what will be the
consequences faced by human beings and
other life forms ?

(6)

 4. With the increasing population, it is natural that

garbage generation has increased. But now the
situation requires that garbage reduction must
be our prime goal; instead we are increasing
the use of non-biodegradable things in packing
our daily food items and other things.
(a) Mention how we add to the pollution of
our environment.
(b) How does this practice cause damage to
our natural resources ?
(c) How can the pollution and damage/loss
of our natural resources due to these be
minimised or stopped ?

(d) Mention two methods that can be used to

create awareness among people.
5. Delhi Municipality has kept two dustbins of
two different colours (green and blue) in many
places, for waste disposal
(a) What is the reason for such an arrangement ?
If they are meant for separation of wastes
of two types, name the two types of wastes,
we generate.
(b) Differentiate between the two types of
wastes, mentioned above. Which of them
is more harmful and must be reduced
significantly ?

(7)

Subject : Business Studies

Class : XII

Value Based Questions

Chapter -1 Nature and Significance of Management
Q.1. Management of M/s R.K. Apparels who is manufacturing jeans under brand Jimmy Davis
seeks to achieve different objectives like organisational, social and personal objectives.
Under personal objectives, the management ensures maximum prosperity for employees by
providing competitive salary, personal growth and development, peer recognition and societal
recognition, good working conditions.
(a) How will the above steps taken by the management benefit the individuals/employees ?
(b) Will the employees feel motivated by these steps ? How will it help the firm in achieving
the organisational goals ?
Ans. (a) It will help the employees to achieve better standard of living and fulfill basic necessities of life.
It will help in developing good human relations amongst the workers.
(b) Yes, employees will be highly motivated by these steps. Motivated individuals help to develop
team spirt, cooperation and commitment to group success. It will help to reconcile personal
goals with organisational objectives for harmony in the organisation.
Q.2. A garment manufacturing firm gives a target of stitching 300 jeans in a month. In order to
achieve this target, he wastes some inputs like clothes/fabric, thread, needles, electricity, labour
costs and more maintenance of machines is required. What value has been taken care of and
ignored by the worker ?
Ans. Value of effectiveness is taken care of by the workers by achieving the target of manufacturing 300
jeans in a month. But the value of efficiency is neglected by the workers as they had wasted lots of
inputs in order to achieve the target production.
Q.3. Coordination is the force that binds all the other functions of management. It is the common
thread that runs through all activities. It is the essence of management, for achieving harmony
among individual efforts towards the accomplishment of group goals.
Describe any two values which coordination helps in creating within the organisation.
Ans. Two values which coordination creates
(a) Integrating group efforts. It is a concept that applies to group efforts. It unifies unrelated or
diverse interests into purposeful work activity. It ensures that performance is as it was planned
and scheduled.
(b) Ensures unity of action. When all employees work together in the same direction and on time,
organisation may achieve its target with more surety.

Chapter -2 Principles of Management

Q.4. Henri Fayol was a mining engineer and management theorist by profession. For his contribution
he is known as the Father of General Management. The 14 principles of management
propounded by him were discussed in detail in his book published in 1917.
Identify any four principles given by him which results in developing some values.
Ans. (a) Division of work. It leads to specialisation which is the most efficient way to use human effort.
(b) Discipline. It means obedience, proper conduct of relations with others and complying with the
rules and regulations of the organisations.
(c) Equity. Here, similar treatment is assured to people in similar positions.
(d) Initiative. It means taking the first step with self-motivation. Workers should be encouraged to
develop and carry out their planes for improvements.

(1)

Chapter -3 Business Environment

Q.5. The policy of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation of the government has made a
significant impact on the working of enterprises in business and industry.
The Indian corporate sector has come face-to-face with several challenges due to government
policy changes. But these challenges have generated some values. Describe them.
Ans. (a) Competition for Indian firms has increased especially in service industries like airlines, banking,
insurance, etc. It is due to changes in the rules of industrial licensing and entry of foreign firms.
(b) Consumer gets wider choice in purchasing better quality of goods and services due to increased
competition. Thus consumer becomes more demanding.

Chapter -4 Planning
Q.6.

BLUEJAY company is making plans for the future growth.

Planning is deciding in advance what to do and how to do. It is one of the basic managerial
function. It involves setting objectives and developing appropriate courses of action to achieve
these objectives. Its importance has link with some important values. What are those ones ?
Ans. (a) Planning states in advance how work is to be done. Thus planning provides direction for action.
If there was no planning, employees would be working in different directions and the organisation
would not be able to achieve its desired goals.
(b) Risks of uncertainty are avoided through better planning.
(c) It promotes innovations a here new ideas can take the shape of concrete plans.
(d) It facilitates decision making as the manager has to evaluate each alternative and select the
most viable proposition.

Chapter -5 Organising
Q.7. Interaction among people at work gives rise to a network of social relationships among
employees called the informal organisation. It originates from within the formal organisation.
This type of organisation is very influential in XYZ Company. What values are achieved through
informal organisation ?
Ans. (a) It brings a feeling of belongingness, status, self-respect and satisfaction.
(b) It satisfies social and cultural needs of members.
(c) It helps in maintaining the personality of the individual.
(d) It leads to faster spread of information as well as quick feedback.
Q.8. Delegation ensures that the subordinates perform tasks on behalf of the manager thereby
reducing his workload and providing him with more time to concentrate on important matters.
ABC Company relies on delegation to a large extent. Benefits of effective delegation helps in
achieving some values. Describe them.
Ans. (a) Delegation helps by preparing better future managers. It empowers the employees by providing
them with the chance to use their skills, gain experience and develop themselves for higher
positions. In this way it results in employee development.
(b) Responsibility for work builds the self esteem of an employee and improves his confidence. He
feels motivated and tries to improve his performance further.

(2)

Chapter -6 Staffing
Q.9.

Astonia Company is planning for a 3 month training programme. Organisation and its
employees are expecting some benefits out of the training programme.
Outline some values which can the achieved from the point of view of the organisation and the
employees.
Ans. From the organisation point of view :
(a) Enhances employees, productivity both in terms of quantity and quality, leading to higher profits.
(b) Increases employees moral and reduces absenteeism and employee tumover.
From the employee point of view :
(a) Makes employees more efficient to handle machine which helps in reducing accidents.
(b) Leads to better career of the individual because of improved skills and knowledge.

Chapter -7 Directing
Q.10. Directing refers to the process of instructing, guiding, counselling, motivating and leading people
in the organisation to achieve its objectives. Vaarya & Company is known for its good direction.
What values does directing focus to inject in the organisation ?
Ans. (a) It helps to initiate action by people in the organisation towards attainment of desired objectives.
(b) It integrates employees efforts in the organisation.
(c) It guides employees to fully realise their potential and capabilities.
(d) It helps to bring stability and balance in the organisation.
Q.11. Mr. Kunal wants to become a good leader in his organisation. What values he must learn to
achieve his goal ?
Ans. (a) He should have required knowledge and competence.
(b) He should possess high level of integrity and honesty.
(c) He should have high level of self-confidence.
(d) He should be a good communicator.

Chapter -8 Controlling
Q.12. Manas Company wants to develop an effective system of controlling. Controlling is an
indispensable function of management.
How does controlling inculcate values in the organisation ?
Ans. (a) Controlling judges the accuracy of standards.
(b) It makes efficient use of resources. It reduces wastage and spoilage of resources.
(c) It ensures order and discipline.
(d) It facilitates coordination in action.

Chapter -9 Financial Management/Business Finance

Q.13. Financial planning is essentially preparation of a financial blue print of an organiations future
operations. The objective of financial planning is to ensure that enough funds are available at
right time.

(3)

Financial planning is an important part of overall planning of any business enterprise. Charvi
& Company is known for its financial planning. How financial planning contributes values to
the system ?
Ans. (a) It makes the firm better prepared to face the future through forecasting what may happen in
future under different business situations.
(b) It tries to link the present with the future.
(c) It helps in coordinating various business functions e.g. sales and production functions.
(d) It makes the evaluation of actual performance easier.

Chapter -10 Financial Markets

Q.14. Father of Rahul is often seen operating on his laptop for hours and dealing in buying and selling
of shares. He spends ample time on studying share prices listed in stock exchange. Stock exchange
is an institution which provides a platform for buying and selling of existing securities. As a
market, the stock exchange facilitates the exchange of a security (share, debenture etc) into
money and vice-versa.
What values are visible while observing functions of stock exchange ?
Ans. (a) It provides both liquidity and easy marketability to already existing securities in the market.
(b) A stock exchange is a mechanism of constant valuation through which the prices of securities
are determined.
(c) It ensures that the investing public gets a safe and fair deal in the market.
(d) It leads to capital formation and economic growth.

Chapter -11 Marketing Management

Q.15. Whenever I watch advertisement on T.V al ong with my family, I enjoy a lot but at times some
advertisements put me in an embarrassing position. Lots of scenes in the advertisements are
objectionable.
Advertising is an impersonal form of communication which is paid for by the marketers to
promote some goods or services. The most common modes of advertising are Newspapers,
Magazines Television, Radio and Internet.
Though advertising is one of the most frequently used medium of promotion of goods and services,
it attracts lot of criticism.
State the values which are affected adversely through advertising.
Ans. (a) Advertisement costs lots of money which is added to the cost of the product, which is ultimately
passed onto the buyers in the form of high prices.
(b) It breeds discontent among people as they come to know about new products and feel dissatisfied
with their present state of affairs.
(c) So many products are being advertised which makes similar claims that the buyer gets confused
as to which one is true and which one should be relied upon.
(d) Some advertisement are in bad taste.

(4)

Chapter -12 Consumer Protection

Q.16. While going through the newspaper article on consumer day, I read that consumer should keep
in mind his responsibilities while purchasing, using and consuming goods and services.
Fulfilling responsibilities also fulfills some values. Enumerate them.
Ans. (a) Be aware about various goods and services.
(b) Learn about the risks associated with products and services.
(c) Read labels carefully to have full information.
(d) Be honest in your dealings.
Q.17. Consumer organisations and NGOs perform several functions for the protection and promotion
of interest of consumers.
List some values covered through these functions performed.
Ans. (a) Educating the general public about consumer rights.
(b) Imparting knowledge about consumer problems and reliefs available through publishing
periodicals, etc.
(c) Encouraging consumers to strongly protest and take an action against unfair practices.
(d) Providing legal assistance to consumer in seeking legal remedy.

(5)

Subject : Economics
Class : XII

Value Based Questions

PART A : INTRODUCTORY MICROECONOMICS
Unit-I
Introduction to Microeconomics
1. India is a labour abundance and capital scarce economy. Which technique of production should be used
to produce the commodity ?
1
2. As water resources are limited in our country, how can we economise the water resources so that it would
not become a future problem for us ? Give any two suggestions.
1
3. A teacher is getting ` 6,000 per month as salary. If he leaves the job and starts tuition work, he is expected
to earn ` 5,000 per month. What would be his opportunity cost ?
1
4. A doctor has a private clinic in New Delhi and his annual earnings are ` 10 lakhs. If he works in a
government hospital in New Delhi, his annual earnings are ` 8 lakhs. What is the opportunity cost of
having a clinic in New Delhi ?
1
5. With the same of amount of resources, a farmer can feed the following combination of goats and
horses :
1
Goats
Horses
Option I
Option II

168
150

44
50

Given the option available with him, what is the opportunity cost of the farmer of feeding one horse ?

Unit-II
Consumer Behaviour and Demand
1. Suppose a consumer can afford to buy 6 units of good 1 and 8 units of good 2 if she spends her entire
income. The prices of the two goods are ` 6 and ` 8 respectively. How much is the consumers income ? 1
2. A new steel plant comes up in Jharkhand. Many people who were previously unemployed in the area are
now employed. How will this affect the demand curve for colour TV and Black and White TVs in the
region ?
1
3. In order to encourage tourism in Goa, the Government of India suggests Indian Airlines to reduce airfare
to Goa from the four major cities, Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai and New Delhi. If the Indian Airlines reduces
the air fare to Goa, how will this affect the market demand curve for air travel to Goa ?
1
4. There are train and bus services between New Delhi and Jaipur. Suppose that the train fare between the
two cities comes down. How will this affect the demand curve for bus travel between the two cities ? 1
5. A dentist was charging ` 300 for a standard cleaning job and per month it used to generate a total revenue
equal to ` 30,000. She has since last month increased the price of dental cleaning to ` 350. As a result,
fewer customers are now coming for dental cleaning, but the total revenue is now ` 33,250. From this,
what can we conclude about the elasticity of demand for such a dental service ?
1
6. Suppose the price of a movie seen at a theatre rises from ` 120 per person to ` 200 per person. The theatre
manager observes that the rise in prices causes attendance at a given movie to fall from 300 persons to
200 persons. What is the price elasticity of demand for movies ?
1
7. If the local pizzeria raises the price of a medium pizza from ` 60 to ` 100 and quantity demanded falls from
700 pizzas a night to 100 pizzas a night, what is the price elasticity of demand for pizzas ?
3

(1)

8. As a result of high wage settlement in the New York City due to taxi strike of several years ago, taxi
owners increased taxi fares. Was this the right decision ?
3
9. If the market demand for agricultural commodities is price-inelastic, would a bad harvest lead to an
increase or a decrease in the incomes of farmer as a group ? Why ?
3
10. Suppose a consumer want to consume two goods which are available only in integer units. The two
goods are equally priced at ` 10 and the consumers income is ` 40.
3
(i) Write down all the bundles that are available to the consumer.
(ii) Among the bundles that are available to the consumer, identify those which cost her exactly ` 40.
11. An ice cream seller sells ice cream for ` 30 each. Lakshmi, who loves ice cream has already eaten 3. Her
marginal utility from eating 3 ice creams is 90. Suppose further that, for her, the marginal utility of one
rupee is 3. Should she eat more ice cream or should she stop ?
4

Unit-III
Producer Behaviour and Supply
1. Suppose a firm is producing a level of output such that MR > MC. What should the firm do to maximise
the profits ?
1
2. If a farmer grows rice and wheat, how will an increase in the price of wheat affect the supply curve of
rice ?
1
3. A new technique of production reduces the marginal cost of producing stainless steel. How will this
affect the supply curve of stainless steel utensils ?
1
4. If the quantity supplied increases by 15% in response to a 15% increase in price, what is the nature of
elasticity of supply ?
1
5. Because of cyclone in a coastal area, the sea level covers a lot of rice fields. This reduces the productivity
of land. How will it affect the supply curve of that region ?
3
6. Suppose that a sole proprietorship is earning total revenue of ` 1,00,000 and is incurring explicit costs of
` 75,000. If the owner could work for another company for ` 30,000 a year, would you conclude that the
firm is incurring an economic loss or getting profit ?
3
7. A firm is working under conditions of perfect competition in the market where the prevailing price of its
product is ` 16 per unit. What will be the firms total revenue, average revenue and marginal revenue as
the firm expands its output from 1 unit to 5 units ?
3
8. Bozzos burgers is a small restaurant and a price taker. The table below provides the data of Bozzos
output and costs in Rupees.
4
Qty.

10

20

30

40

50

60

T.C.

100

210

300

400

540

790

1060

TFC
TVC
AVC
ATC
MC
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

If burgers sell for ` 14, what is Bozzos profit maximising level of output ?
What is the total variable cost when 60 burgers are produced ?
What is the average fixed cost when 20 burgers are produced ?
Between 10 to 20 burgers, what is the marginal cost (per burger) ?

(2)

Unit-IV
Forms of Market and Price Determination
1. The market for handtools (such as hammer and screwdriver is dominated by Draper, Stanley and Craftman.)
This market can be best described by which market structure ?
1
2. If the firm in the toothpaste industry have the following market shares, which market structure would best
describe the industry ?
1
Market Share

(% of market)

Toothpaste

18.7

Dentipaste

14.3

Shinibright

11.6

I cant believe its not toothpaste

9.4

Brighter than white

8.8

Pastystuff

7.4

Others

29.8

3. In 2001, the Supreme Court of India banned smoking in public places. How is this likely to affect the
average price of cigarettes and the quantity sold ?
1
4. New discoveries of oil reduce the price of petrol and diesel. Consider their affect on the market for new
cars.
1
5. New environmental regulations require that the drug industry use a more environment friendly technology
whose running costs are higher but which discharges less toxic chemicals than before. How would it
affect the price of drugs ?
1
6. Suppose that the demand curve for the XYZ company slopes downward and to the right. Would you
conclude that the firm is a price taker or a price maker ? Give reasons.
4
7. China is a big manufacturer of telephone instruments. It has recently become a member of WTO, which
means that it can sell its product in other member countries like India. Suppose that it does export a large
number of telephone instruments to India.
4
(a) How will it affect the price and quantity sold of telephone instrumentation in India ?
(b) Suppose that the demand for telephone instruments is relatively elastic. How will it affect Indias
total expenditure on telephone instruments ?

PART B : INTRODUCTORY MACROECONOMICS

Unit-VI
National Income and Related Aggregates
1. How is the value of an output of an enterprise related to its sales and change in stock ?
1
2. A farmer purchases ` 1,000/- worth of seeds, ` 2,000 worth of fertilizers and pays ` 1,500 as water charges
to raise a wheat crop. He produces 50 quintals of wheat and sells the same at ` 200 per quintal. Calculate
the value added by a farmer.
1
3. How do we treat the income of locally recruited staff in a foreign embassy and an international
organisation ?
4. Ms. Shweta pays ` 1,000 towards premium on her full life policy with the LIC. Is this a part of compensation
of employees ?
1
5. How will you treat ` 5000 earned per month by Mr. Jagdish Sharma against hiring out his bus to a
neighbouring school ?
1

(3)

Unit-VII
Money and Banking
1. How do demand deposits of commercial banks function as money, when they are neither coins nor the
notes in hand ? Give your views.
1
2. What type of losses a depositor has to bear if he withdraws his fixed deposit before the due date of
maturity ?
1
3. What will be the effect of a fall in CRR on money supply ? What will be the effect of a rise in SLR on money
supply ? What will be the effect of a rise in bank rate on money supply ?
3

Unit-VIII
Determination of Income and Employment
1. Suppose the economy is in the grip of recession. To overcome the recession, the government undertakes
a new investment of ` 500 crores. How much national income will be increased if the marginal propensity
to consume of the society is 0.75 ?
3
2. In an economy the actual level of income is ` 500 crore whereas the full employment level of income is
` 800 crore. The MPC is 0.75. Calculate the increase in investment required to maintain the full employment
level of income.
3
3. Indian economy is in the grip of rising prices. Explain any two measures to control the situation.
3

Unit-IX
Government Budget and the Economy
1. Who collects sales tax in India - the central government or the state government ?
1
2. If you were to be appointed as the Finance Minister of India, which taxes would you prefer : direct taxes
or indirect taxes and why ?
4
3. India is suffering from the problem of inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth. How can a
budget be used as an instrument ?
4
4. India is suffering from the problem of fiscal deficit for the last many years. Explain any two steps.
4
5. In India, for the last several years, there has been deficit in the revenue account. How is it met or
financed ?
4

Unit-X
Balance of Payments
1. What is the likely effect of depreciation or devaluation of a currency of the countries foreign trade ? 1
2. India is suffering from the problem of Current Account Deficit (CAD). How is it met or financed ?
3
3. If inflation is higher in country A than in country B and the exchange rate between the two countries is
fixed, what is likely to happen to trade balance between the two countries ?
3
4. Suppose balance of payment of current account of India in a year was () 2579 million US$, whereas
balance on its capital account was 8409 million $, how will it affect the foreign exchange reserve of
India ?
3
5. Is rising reserve of Indias foreign exchange a sign of rising production activity in the economy ?
Explain.
3

(4)

ANSWERS
Unit-I
1. India should adopt labour intensive technique.
2. (i) Rainwater should be preserved and used for rain harvesting.
(ii) Water wastage should be avoided i.e. economical use of water.
3. The opportunity cost of school job is ` 5,000 p.m., that the teacher could have earned in the next best
alternative use, that is doing tuition work.
4. The opportunity cost of opening a clinic in New Delhi is ` 8 lakhs, that he could have earned in the next
best alternative use that is, working in a government hospital in New Delhi.
5. The opportunity cost to the farmer of feeding one horse is 3 goats i.e.

168 150 18 3
=
=
50 44
6 1

Thus, the opportunity cost of feeding one horse is 3 goats.

Unit-II
1. Given :

X1 = 6, P1 = 6
X2 = 8, P2 = 8

We know that

M = P1 X1 + P2 X2
= 66+88
= 36 + 64 = ` 100

2. With the increase in income of various households, demand curve for colour TVs and black and white
TVs in the region will shift rightward implying that demand for TVs will increase.
3. If air fare to Goa is reduced, there would be movement along the same demand curve. There will be an
increase in quantity demanded.
4. Train and bus services are substitutes to each other. If the train fare (price of a substitute) comes down,
the demand for bus travel will decrease. As a result, there would be leftward shift of the demand curve for
bus travel.
5.

Price
(` )

TE
(` )

300
350

30,000
33,250

By the total expenditure method, we find that with a rise in price, total expenditure on the dental service
increases, therefore its demand is less than unit elasticity.
6. Given

By percentage method, e D =

Price
(` )

Units

120
200

300
200

q .p 100 120 .3
=

= = 0.5
80 300 6
p q

(5)

7. Given :

By percentage method, e D =

p
(` )

q
(Units)

60
100

700
100

q .p 600 60 36 6
=

=
= = .8
700 42 7
p q
40

8. The answer depends on the price elasticity of demand for taxi rides in New York City. If the demand for taxi
rides is price-inelastic, the decision was correct. If demand is elastic, then increasing taxi fares reduces
the total revenue of taxi owners. In order to see what happened to the total profits of taxi owners, we must
compare this decrease in total revenue with the change in total costs (higher wages for taxi drivers but
fewer taxis and fewer taxi drivers). Unfortunately, in the real world we often do not have (and it might be
difficult) to get estimates of the elasticities necessary to reach correct decisions.
9. A bad harvest is reflected in a decrease in supply (i.e., an upward shift in the market supply curve of
agricultural commodities). Given the market demand for agricultural commodities, this decrease in supply
causes the equilibrium price to rise. Since the demand is price-inelastic, the total receipts of farmers as a
group increase. When the demand for an agricultural commodity is price-inelastic, the same result can be
achieved by reducing the amount of land under cultivation for the commodity. This is done in some farmaid programs.
10. (i) All the bundles that are available to the consumer are as under :
(0, 0)

(0, 1)

(0, 2)

(0, 3)

(1, 0)

(1, 1)

(1, 2)

(1, 3)

(2, 0)

(2, 1)

(2, 2)

(3, 3)

(3, 1)

(0, 4)

(4, 0)
(ii) Following bundles cost exactly ` 40
(0, 4) (1, 3) (2, 2) (3, 1) (4, 0)
11. For equilibrium of a consumer the following condition must be fulfilled :

MU of Ice-cream
= MU of a rupee.
Price of Ice-cream
Given MU of eating 3 ice-creams = 90. Now, price of ice-cream = ` 30 and marginal utiliy of rupee = 3.
Substituting these in the above condition, we have :
90
=3
30

3=3
Thus, the condition for consumers equilibrium is fulfilled. She should stop eating more ice-creams.

(6)

Unit-III
1. MR = MC is the condition for maximum profits. In the given question MR > MC, thus the firm has the
capacity to increase production so as to earn maximum profits. So the firm increases its production.
2. The supply curve of rice would shift to the left i.e. decrease at the same price.
3. The marginal cost of production of utensils will also fall. A fall in the cost of production will induce the
producers to offer increased quantity for sale. Hence, the supply curve of the stainless steel utensils will
shift to the right.
4. eS =

% change in quantity supplied

% change in price

15%
=1
15%
Thus elasticity of supply is unity.
=

5. With a fall in the productivity of the land, the output of rice will fall. Less stocks will be available with the
farmers to offer for sale. Even if the price of rice rises, producers will not be in a position to offer more
quantity for sale. Thus, the supply curve of rice will shift to the left.
6. Economic profit TR TC (Explicit cost + Implicit cost)
= 1,00,000 (75,000 + 30,000)
= 5000 (loss)
So the firm is incurring an economic loss.
7.

Output (Units)
Price (`)
TR
AR
MR
1
16
16
16
16
2
16
32
16
16
3
16
48
16
16
4
16
64
16
16
5
16
80
16
16
8. Bozzos burgers are a small restaurant and a price taker. The table below provides the data of Bozzos
output and costs in Rupees.
Qty.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60

TC
100
210
300
400
540
790
1060

TFC
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

TVC

110
200
300
440
690
960

AVC

11
10
10
11
13.8
16

ATC

21
15
13.33
13.5
15.8
17.66

MC

11
9
10
14
25
27

(i) Profit maximisation condition is MR = MC. Here profit maximum level of output is 40. Here
MC=(14) = MR (14)
(ii) When Q = 60. TVC = ` 960
(iii) AFC (20) =
(iv) MC =

TFC 100
=
=`5
Q
20

TC 300 210 90
=
= =`9
Q
20 10 10

(7)

Unit-IV
1. Oligopoly market best describes the situation.
2. Oligopoly market best describes the market structure of toothpaste industry.
3. Due to ban on smoking in public places, demand curve is likely to shift leftward. As a result, price of
cigarettes and the quantity sold will decrease.
4. Due to reduction in prices of petrol and diesel, the demand for new cars will increase because petrol and
diesel is complementary to car.
5. Due to higher cost of production technology, supply curve of drugs will shift leftward. Lesser supply will
increase the price of drugs.
6. Since the demand curve of XYZ Co. is downward sloping, it has to lower its price to sell additional units
of output, whereas in perfect competition, the demand curve is parallel to x-axis as the firm can sell any
amount of the output at the same price. Hence XYZ Co. is not a price taker but a price maker.
7. (a) Availability of Chinese telephone instruments in India will reduce the price and increase the quantity
sold.
(b) If the demand for telephone instruments is relatively elastic, Indias total expenditure on telephone
instruments will increase.

Unit-VI
1. Value of output = Sales (= Price quantity sold) + S (Closing stock Opening stock)
2. Value of output = 50 200 = ` 10,000
Intermediate cost = 1000 + 2000 + 1500 = ` 4500
Thus, Value added by a farmer = 10,000 4500 = ` 5500
3. Their income is treated as compensation of employees from abroad.
4. No, any contribution made by an employee herself to any insurance scheme is not a part of compensation
of employees.
5. Income earned by way of lease is rental income, and hence form part of operating surplus and is included
in national income.

Unit-VII
1. Demand deposits of banks serve as bank. By drawing cheques against them, they can be used to make
payments for exchange of goods and services.
2. A depositor will loose interest if he withdraws his fixed deposits before due date.
3. (i) With a fall in CRR, the availability of credit increases and as a result the supply of money increases.
(ii) With a rise in SLR, the availability of credit decreases and as a result the supply of money decreases.
(iii) With a rise in bank rate, the availability of credit decreases and as a result the supply of money
decreases.

Unit-VIII
1. Increase in National Income = K.I
Multiplier (K) =

1
1
1
=
=
=4
1 MPC 1 0.75 0.25

Given : I = ` 500 crores

Increase in national income = 500 4 = ` 2000 crores

(8)

2. Y required to achieve full employment = 800 500 = ` 300 crores

MPC = 0.75
Y =

1
. I
1 MPC

300 =

1
1 .
. I 300 =
I
1 0.75
0.25

300
= ` 75 crores
4
Thus, increase in investment requires to achieve full employment is ` 75 crores.
3. (i) Rising prices can be controlled by reducing government expenditure, especially non-development
expenditure such as expenditures on public administration, defence and subsidies on non-merit
goods and other wasteful expenditure.
(ii) Monetary policy measures such as increase in cash reserve ratio, mopping of excess liquid reserves
with the banks through open market operations by the central bank so as to reduce the availability
of credit and as a result rising prices can be controlled.
I=

Unit-IX
1. State governments collect sales tax in India
2. There is really nothing to choose between direct taxes and indirect taxes as such. Both of them have their
relative merits and demerits.
Both direct taxes and indirect taxes are not substitutes for each other. They are complementary to each
other. Objectives of taxation are common to both types of taxes. These objectives are (i) to raise resources for the government, (ii) to raise the rate of investment in the country through the curtailment of
consumption and (iii) to raise the incremental saving ratio.
Similarly they differ from each other as
(i) indirect taxes reach all the sections of the society; direct taxes cannot reach all the sections.
(ii) direct taxes can be highly progressive; indirect taxes are generally proportional.
(iii) indirect taxes can be easily used to influence the consumption of specific commodities; direct taxes
cannot be thus used.
In short, it is necessary to strike a balance between direct taxes and indirect taxes as a source of tax
revenue.
3. A budget can be used as an instrument to reduce the inequalities in the distribution of income and wealth
in the following ways :
(i) Tax rates should be made progressive and strict measures should be adopted to check tax evasion
by the rich people.
(ii) Tax base should be broadened by bringing agriculturing incomes within the ambit of income tax.
(iii) More services should be brought in net of indirect taxes.
(iv) Expenditure on social sector such as education, health care and housing for the poor, should be
raised.
(v) Expenditure on special anti poverty and employment schemes be increased so as to bring more
people above the poverty line.
(vi) Public distribution system should be inferred so that only poor should get food grains and other
essential items at subsidised prices.

(9)

4. Two measures to deal with the problem of fiscal deficit :

(i) To curtail capital expenditure which is measured in projects of capital formula and other developmental
activities.
(ii) To raise revenue receipts by mobilising resources through taxation.
5. Two measures to reduce revenue deficit :
(i) Government should reduce revenue expenditure.
(ii) To increase taxes, both direct and indirect.

Unit-X
1. Depreciation of a currency, namely :
(i) encourages exports from a country and
(ii) discourages imports from the rest of the world.
2. Current Account Deficit (CAD) in balance of payments occurs when the sum of receipts of foreign
exchange on account of trade in visible and invisible is less than the sum of payments of foreign
exchange on account of trade in visibles and invisibles.
A CAD implies that a country has contracted to spend more foreign exchange than it has been able to
earn during the year.
A CAD can be financed by different sources :
(i) A country may use a part of its gold stocks and make payments to foreigners by means of gold.
(ii) A country may draw upon the reserves of foreign currencies and foreign securities.
(iii) A country may borrow foreign exchange from different officials and private sources.
(iv) It may mobilise foreign exchange by attracting deposits from foreigners and investment of capital by
foreigners.
3. If inflation is higher in country A than in country B, and the exchange rate between the two countries is
fixed, the trade balance of country A will be deficit while that of country B will be surplus. In case of
inflation in country A and prices of country B remaining constant, imports of country A will rise or exports
of country A will decline. As a result, trade balance of country A will be unfavourable and trade balance
of country B will be favourable.
4. Since surplus of balance on capital accounts (8409 million US $) exceeds deficit 2579 million US$)
there will be addition of 5830 million US$ to the foreign exchange reserves of India (8409 2579
= 5830 million US$)
5. A current account deficit need not be a cause for alarm. Current account deficit should be compared with
the rise in investment (and increase in capital stock). There is less causes to worry if the increase in
current account deficit reflects a rise in investment because it will increase future output. On the other
hand, there is a cause to worry if the increase in current account deficit reflects smaller saving or a larger
budget deficit because it indicates higher private or government consumption.

(10)

Subject : Hindi-A
Class : IX

ewY;k/kkfjr iz'u

(Value Based Questions)

f{kfrt xn~; [kaM

ikB5 ukuk lkgc dh iq=kh nsoh eSuk dks HkLe dj fn;k x;k
1- lj Vkel ^gs* os$ eSuk ij n;k&Hkko os$ D;k dkj.k Fks \
mRrj lj Vkel ^gs* dh iq=kh ^esjh* vkSj ^eSuk* lgsfy;k FkhaA ^esjh* dh e`R;q gks xbZ FkhA lj ^gs* tc Hkh eSuk dks ns[krs] rks mUgsa viuh csVh dh ;kn
vk tkrhA blfy, og eSuk vkSj mlos$ egy dks cpkuk pkgrs FksA

ikB6 izes pan os$ QVs twrs

2- ^Vhyk*lkekftd oq$jhfr;ksa dk izrhd gS] dSls \
mRrj ^Vhyk* lekt esa O;kIr :f<+;ksa dh vksj lao$s r gSA oq$N yksx bu :f<+;ksa ls le>kSrk dj ysrs gSa ;k buls cpdj fudy tkrs gSAa ;s :f<+;k fojkskh
rkdrsa Hkh gks ldrh ga]S tks euq"; dks cqjs dk;Z djus os$ fy, izfs jr djrh gSAa lkfgR; esa Hkh bu cqjkb;ksa ,oa 'kksf"kr lekt dh leL;kvksa dks mBk;k
tk ldrk gS] rHkh ;s u"V gks ldrh gSAa
3- gfj'kadj ijlkbZ us izes pan dk tks 'kCn&fp=k gekjs lkeus izLrqr fd;k gS] mlls isez pan os$ O;fDrRo dh dkSu&dkSu lh fo'ks"krk, mHkjdj vkrh gSa \
mRrj izes pan cgqe[q kh O;fDrRo okys balku FksA mudk thou lhkk&lknk vkSj ljy FkkA cukoV ls os dkslksa nwj FksA os LokfHkekuh Fks] rHkh fdlh ls oq$N
ekxdj fn[kkok ugha djrs FksA os ku dks egRRo ugha nsrAs mudk ys[ku Hkh lekt&os$a fnzr FkkA mudh dFkuh vkSj djuh esa dksbZ varj ugha FkkA
4- uhps nh xbZ iafDr;ksa esa fufgr O;aX; dks Li"V dhft,
d twrk ges'kk Vksih ls dherh jgk gSA vc rks twrs dh dher vkSj c<+ xbZ gS vkSj ,d twrs ij iphlksa Vksfi;k U;ksNkoj gksrh gSAa
[k rqe insZ dk egRRo gh ugha tkurs] ge insZ ij oq$ckZu gks jgs gSAa
x ftls rqe ?k`f.kr le>rs gks mldh rji+$ gkFk dh ugha] iko dh vxy
q h ls b'kkjk djrs gksA
mRrj d lnk ls gh twrs dh dher Vksih ls T+;knk jgh gSA 'kfDr'kkyh O;fDr lnk Js"B ekus tkrs gS]a os yksxksa os$ eku&lEeku dks iSjksa ls oq$py nsrs
gSAa tks Bksdj ekjuk tkurs gS]a Vksih okys mlos$ lkeus >qdrs gSAa vc rks bl twrs dh rkdr vkSj Hkh c<+rh tk jgh gSA igys yksx viuh bTt+r
dks egRRo nsrs Fks] ij vc bTt+r dh ijokg u dj 'kfDr dks gh lc oq$N ekurs gSAa
[k orZeku le; esa vius voxq.kksa ij ijnk Mkyuk vko';d gks x;k gSA yksx viuh dfe;ksa vkSj voxq.kksa dks fNikrs gSAa blfy, lkekU; yksx
ijns ij tku fNM+d jgs gSAa vius NksV&s NksVs xq.kksa dks Hkh c<+kp<+k dj fn[kkrs gSAa izes pan insZ os$ egRRo dks ugha tkurs Fks] os fNiko dks egRRo
ugha nsrs FksA tSls Fks oSls fn[kkbZ nsrs FksA
x izLrqr iafDr;ksa esa izes pan os$ euksHkkoksa dks mtkxj fd;k x;k gS fd os ?k`f.kr oLrq ;k O;fDr dh rjQ vius gkFk dh vxy
q h ls b'kkjk ugha
djrs] vius iko dh vxy
q h dk gh bLrseky djuk mfpr le>rs FksA os lR; dgus ls ugha Mjrs FksA tks ilan ugha vkrk] mldk fojksk
djrs FksA
5- ikB esa ^Vhys* 'kCn dk iz;ksx fdu lanHkks dks bafxr djus os$ fy, fd;k x;k gksxk \
mRrj ikB esa ^Vhys* 'kCn dk iz;ksx rkdroj fojksfk;ksa os$ fy, fd;k x;k gSA O;fDr buls cpdj fudyuk ilan djrs gSAa izes pan tSls O;fDr bu Vhyksa
ls cprs ugha] cfYd bUgsa twrs dh Bksdj ls oLr dj viuk jkLrk cukrs gSAa
6- vkius ;g O;aX; i<+kA bls i<+dj vkidks ys[kd dh dkSu&dkSu&lh ckrsa vkdf"kZr djrh gSa \
mRrj ys[kd gfj'kadj ijlkbZ Hkkjrh; thou os$ ik[kaM] Hkz"Vkpkj] csbZekuh vkfn dk fojksk djus okys gSaA mUgksaus vius O;aX;&ys[kuksa ls 'kks"k.k dk
fojksk fd;k gSA os yksxksa esa ifjorZu dh psruk mRiUu djrs gSaA vke cksypky dh Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx dj cM+h ls cM+h ckr dks Hkh lgtrk ls
dg nsrs gSaA

(1)

ikB7 esjs cpiu os$ fnu

7- eSa mRiUu gqbZ rks esjh cM+h [kkfrj gqbZ vkSj eq>s og lc ugha lguk iM+k] tks vU; yM+fd;ksa dks lguk iM+rk gSA bl dFku os$ vkyksd esa vki
;g irk yxk, fd
d ml le; yM+fd;ksa dh n'kk dSlh Fkh \
[k yM+fd;ksa os$ tUe os $ laca k esa vkt dSlh ifjfLFkfr;k gSa \
mRrj d ml le; yM+fd;ksa dh n'kk 'kkspuh; FkhA mUgsa Hkkj le>k tkrk FkkA iSnk gksus ls igys ;k iSnk gksrs gh ekj fn;k tkrk FkkA
[k vkt fLFkfr cny xbZ gSA i<+&s fy[ks yksx vc yM+fd;ksa dh dnz djus yx x, gSAa os yM+o$s &yM+dh esa Hksn ugha djrs] leku vf/kdkj nsrs gSAa
8- t+okjk os$ uokc os$ lkFk vius ikfjokfjd laca kkas dks ysf[kdk us vkt os$ lanHkZ esa LoIu tSlk D;ksa dgk gS \
mRrj t+okjk os$ uokc os$ lkFk vius ikfjokfjd lac/a kksa dks ysf[kdk us vkt os$ lanHkZ esa lius tSlk dgk gS] D;ksfa d vkt ifjfLFkfr;k cny xbZ gSAa ekuoh;
laons uk, lekIr gks xbZ gSAa lkainz kf;d HksnHkko c<+ x, gSASa HkkbZ&HkkbZ os$ [kwu dk I;klk gks x;k gSA
9- ysf[kdk us Nk=kkokl os$ ftl cgqHkk"kh ifjos'k dh ppkZ dh gS] mls viuh ekr`Hkk"kk esa fyf[k,A
mRrj ysf[kdk os$ Nk=kkokl esa izR;sd dejs esa pkj&pkj yM+fd;k jgrh FkhaA mu lcdh ekr`Hkk"kk, vyx&vyx Fkha] fQj Hkh os feytqy dj I;kj ls jgrh
FkhaA blh izdkj gnw] eqlyeku] bZlkbZ] lHkh /keks dks ekuus okyh yM+fd;k feytqy dj jgrh FkhaA fdlh izdkj dk dksbZ HksnHkko ugha FkkA

ikB8 ,d oq$Rrk vkSj ,d eSuk

10- bl izdkj dfo dh eeZHksnh n`f"V ls bl Hkk"kkghu izk.kh dh d#.k n`f"V os$ Hkhrj ml fo'kky ekuo lR; dks ns[kk gS] tks euq"; euq"; os$ vanj
Hkh ugha ns[k ikrkA vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
mRrj xq#nso th dh ut+j eeZ rd igqp us okyh FkhA os ewd izkf.k;ksa os$ fny dh ckr dks Hkyh izdkj igpku ysrs FksA ewd izkf.k;ksa dh ut+j Hkh d#.kkHkko
ls Hkjh gksrh gSA xq# th dk dfo n; Hkk"kkghu izk.kh os$ eu esa mBus okys Hkkoksa dks Hkh i<+ ysrk Fkk] tks euq"; euq"; os$ Hkhrj ugha ns[k ikrkA
11- i'kq&if{k;ksa ls izes bl fuca/k dh ewy vkRek gS oS$ls \
mRrj bl fuca/k esa i'kq&if{k;ksa os$ izfr ekuoh; izes dks izdV fd;k x;k gSA ;g izes xq#nso os$ lkFk oq$Rrk vkSj eSuk os$ izlxa ls Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA
i'kq&if{k;ksa ls feyus okys izes ] HkfDr] fouksn vkSj d#.kk tSls ekuoh; Hkkoksa dk foLrkj Hkh gSA i'kq&if{k;ksa os$ laons u'khy thou dk Hkh cgqr lw{e
fujh{k.k gSA lHkh thoksa ls izes dh izjs .kk nsrk gSA bl rjg i'kq&if{k;ksa ls izes bl fuca/k dh ewy vkRek gSA

f{kfrt dkO; [kaM

ikB14 panz xguk ls ykSVrh csj
12- ^uxjh; laLfr* os$ izfr dfo dk D;k vkks'k gS vkSj D;ksa \
mRrj uxjh; laLo`$fr esa Hkkbpkjs rFkk izes dk vHkko jgrk gSA lgk;rk dk Hkko ugha gksrkA yksxksa esa LokFkZ dh Hkkouk gksrh gS] blfy, tuekul esa
vkoz$ks'k dh Hkkouk izcy gks tkrh gSA xzkeh.k okrkoj.k vkSj uxjh; thou esa rqyukRed v;;u djus ij uxjh; thou os$ izfr vkoz$ks'k mRiUu
gksrk gSA
13- ^izes dh fiz; Hkwfe mitk vf/kd gS*fdlos$ fy, vkSj D;ksa dgk x;k gS \
mRrj ^izes dh fiz; Hkwfe mitkm$ vfkd gS* ;g xko dh Hkwfe os$ fy, dgk x;k gSA xko os$ je.kh; [ksr ,oa izkfrd lkSna ;Z eu dks vkdf"kZr o
vkuafnr djus okys gSAa ;gk os$ yksxksa os$ vkilh I;kj dk dkj.k izo$` fr os$ izes esa ljkcksj gks tkuk gSA

ikB15 es?k vk,

14- 'kgjh ikgqu dks xko esa fdl izdkj vkSj fdl :i esa fpf=kr fd;k gS \
mRrj es?k dks 'kgjh esgeku os$ :i esa fpf=kr fd;k gSA o"kkZ os$ vkxeu ij izlUurk] vknj] mRoa$Bk vkSj mykguk dk Hkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA lkjk xko
izlUu gksrk gSA gok ukpus yxrh gSA f[kM+fd;k&njokt+s [kqyus yxrs gSAa cM+&s cw<+s ihiy os$ isM+ Lokxr djrs gSAa yrk njokt+s dh vksV ls fiz;re
dks mykguk nsrh gSA lkjs Hkzeksa dk fujkdj.k gks tkrk gSA

(2)

ikB17 cPps dke ij tk jgs gSa

15mRrj
16mRrj
17mRrj
18mRrj

izFke nks iafDr;ksa eas dfo os$ eu eas dkSu&ls iz'u mBrs gSa \
lqcg dh /kq/a k eas NksV&s NksVs cPps fBBqjrs gq, dke ij D;ksa tk jgs gSa \ ifjokj dh vkfFkZd n'kk n;uh; gS ;k ifjokj dk eqf[k;k viax ;k chekj gSA
cPps lqfo/kk vkSj euksjta u os$ midj.kksa ls oafpr D;ksa gSa \
eqf[k;k os$ 'kjkch] tqvkjh] viax gksus ij ifjokj vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ls tw>rk gS] blfy, cPPkksa dks dke ij tkus os$ fy, ck; gksuk iM+rk gSA
os f'k{kk] lqfo/kkvks]a euksjt
a u ls oafpr gks tkrs gSAa
vkt fnu&izfrfnu dke ij tkrs cPpksa dks ns[kdj fdlh dks oq$N vViVk D;ksa ugha yxrk \
vkt euq"; LokFkhZ o HkkSfrdoknh gks x;k gSA mlesa Hkkoukvks]a laons ukvksa os$ lekIr gksus ij dBksj gks x;k gSA vkfFkZd fo"kerk os$ c<+us ls oq$yhu
o laHkzkra oxZ ls lgkuqHkwfr dh dksbZ vk'kk ugha jg xbZ gSA
dke ij D;ksa tk jgs gS]a cPps \ dfo bl iz'u os$ ygts+ esa D;k iwNuk pkgrk gS \
lekt eas cPpksa os$ 'kks"k.k dk dkj.k D;k gS \ ljdkj o lkekftd laLFkk, dk;Z D;ksa ugha dj jgha \ vfHkHkkod mudh xanh vknrksa dks NqM+kus
eas vleFkZ D;ksa gaS \ vkfFkZd fo"kerk rFkk Hk;kog fLFkfr D;ksa iSnk gks xbZ \

o`$frdk iwjd iqLrd

ikB3 jh<+ dh gM~Mh
19- 'kadj tSls yM+o$s ;k mek tSlh yM+dhlekt dks oS$ls O;fDrRo dh t+:jr gS \ roZ$ lfgr mRrj nhft,A
mRrj lekt dks mek tSls O;fDrRo dh t+:jr gSA og lkglh vkSj Li"VoDrk gSA og lekt os$ Bso$s nkjksa dh dybZ [kksy ldrh gS vkSj mUgsa ^niZ.k* fn[kk
ldrh gSA og f'kf{kr vkSj lH; yM+dh gSA iq#"k iz/kku lekt esa ukjh dh n'kk n;uh; rHkh rd jgsxh] tc rd ukjh f'kf{kr gksdj vius
vf/kdkjksa os$ fy, tkx:d ugha gks tk,xhA ;g mfpr gS fd cPpksa dks vius ekrk&firk dh Hkkoukvksa dh dnz djuh pkfg,] ysfdu tc mudh
Hkkouk, Hkfo"; dks va/kdkj esa /kos$y jgh gka]s rks mudk izfrdkj djuk mfpr gSA 'kadj tSls yM+o$s vius ekrk&firk dks lekt esa uhpk fn[kkus
dk dk;Z djrs gSAa mek tSls O;fDrRo okyh yM+dh os$ ekrk&firk dks xoZ gksuk pkfg, fd mudh csVh le>nkj rFkk vf/kdkjksa os$ izfr ltx gSA
lekt rHkh mPp rFkk Js"B gksxk] tc mek tSls O;fDrRo okyh yM+fd;k gksxa hA
20- ^jh<+ dh gM~Mh* ,dkadh dk D;k mn~n's ; gS \ fyf[k,A
mRrj ^jh<+ dh gM~Mh* ,dkadh dk eq[; mn~n's ; yM+fd;ksa dh vkokt+ dks cqyna djuk gSA bl ,dkadh esa mu yksxksa dh dybZ [kksyh xbZ gS] tks yM+fd;ksa
dks HksM&+ cdfj;k ;k Q uhZpj oq$lhZ&est+ ekurs gSAa ;g ,dkadh yM+fd;ksa os$ Lora=k O;fDrRo dh j{kk djrh tku iM+rh gSA ;g ,dkadh nksegq s
O;fDrRo okys yksxksa dk inkZi+$k'k djrh gS vkSj pfj=kghu yksxksa dks jh<+&foghu crkrh gSA
21- lekt esa efgykvksa dks mfpr xfjek fnykus gsrq vki dkSu&dkSu ls iz;kl dj ldrs gSa \
mRrj lekt esa efgyk oxZ dks mPp lEeku fnykus gsrq ge fuEufyf[kr iz;kl dj ldrs gSa
l
ifjokj rFkk lekt esa efgykvksa dks mfpr lEeku fnykus dk iz;kl dj ldrs gSAa
l
lekt os$ izR;sd {ks=k esa efgykvksa os$ mfpr izfrfuf/kRo os$ fy, la?k"kZ dj ldrs gSAa
l
efgykvksa dks firk vFkok ifr dh laifRr eas mudk gd fnykdj mUgsa vkfFkZd lqj{kk iznku dj ldrs gSAa
l
ngst fcuk fookg djkus esa efgykvksa dh enn dj ldrs gSAa
22- viuh csVh dk fj'rk r; djus os$ fy, jkeLo:i mek ls ftl izdkj os$ O;ogkj dh vis{kk dj jgs gS]a og mfpr D;ksa ugha gS \
mRrj viuh csVh dk fj'rk r; djus os$ fy, jkeLo:i viuh csVh ls bl izdkj os$ O;ogkj dh vis{kk dj jgs Fks fd og ljy LoHkko dh] lhkh&lknh]
'kkar jgus okyh] de i<+h&fy[kh yxus okyh yM+dh dh rjg yxsA mudk ,slk lkspuk mfpr ugha gSA yM+dh dksbZ HksM+&cdjh ;k oq$lhZ&est+ ugha gSA
mldk Hkh n; gksrk gSA mldk mPp f'k{kk ikuk dksbZ vijkk ugha gSA mls f'kf{kr vkSj i<+h&fy[kh yM+fd;ksa dh rjg gh O;ogkj djus nsuk pkfg,A
23- xksiky izlkn fookg dks ^fctusl* ekurs gSa vkSj jkeLo:i viuh csVh dh mPp f'k{kk fNikrs gSAa D;k vki ekurs gSa fd nksuksa gh leku :i ls vijk/kh
gSa \ vius fopkj fy[ksAa
mRrj ys[kd os$ erkuqlkj nksuksa gh vijk/kh dh iafDr esa vkrs gSAa xksiky izlkn fookg dh ifo=krk dks ugha le>rsA os bls ,d fct+ul
s O;kikj dh
rjg ysrs gSa vkSj lkSnk r; djus ls igys rjg&rjg dh tkp&iM+rky djrs gSAa

(3)

jkeLo:i viuh csVh dks mPp f'k{kk rks fnyokrs gS]a ij mls xksiuh; j[krs gSAa cs'kd ;g mudh et+cjw h gSA gekjs fopkj ls mUgsa ,sls ifjokj eas
fj'rk r; djus dk iz;kl gh ugha djuk pkfg, Fkk] tgk yM+dh dh f'k{kk dk lEeku u gksA tc fdlh ckr dks lekt eas fNik;k tkrk gS] rc
og viuk egRRo Lo;a gh [kks nsrh gSA mPp f'k{kk fnykdj firk us dksbZ vijk/k ugha fd;kA jkeLo:i O;FkZ gh vijk/k Hkkouk os$ f'kdkj cu
x, gSAa
24- jkeLo:i vkSj xksiky izlkn ckr&ckr ij ,d gekjk t+ekuk Fkk ----- dgdj vius le; dh rqyuk orZeku le; ls djrs gSAa bl izdkj dh rqyuk
djuk dgk rd roZ$laxr gS \
mRrj jkeLo#i vkSj xksiky izlkn dk vius le; dh rqyuk orZeku le; ls djuk mfpr ughsa gSA vkt lekt os$ gj {ks=k esa O;kid ifjorZu vk,
gSAa ;g cnyko lkekftd] vkFkd] lkaLfrd vkfn gj {ks=k esa vk;k gSA le; ifjorZu'khy gSA le; os$ lkFk&lkFk lksp fopkj rFkk ns[kus os$
n`f"Vdks.k esa Hkh ifjorZu vk;k gSA vkt #i;s dh ewY; o`nf~ /k os$ lkFk&lkFk mRiknu {kerk c<+h gSA gj {ks=k esa kafr vkbZ gSA f'k{kk os$ {ks=k esa
Hkh yM+fd;k yM+dksa ls vkxs fudy vkbZ gSAa ,dkadh esa Hkh ;g crk;k x;k gS fd yM+fd;ksa us iq#"kksa os$ ,dkf/kdkj dks rksM+ fn;k gSA le; dh
ekx Hkh ;gh gS] blfy, dHkh Hkh vius le; dh rqyuk orZeku le; ls ugha djuh pkfg,A

ikB4 ekVh okyh

25- ^xjhc vkneh dk 'e'kku ugha mtM+uk pkfg,* bl dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A
mRrj fVgjh ck/k dh lqjxa ksa os$ can gksus ls 'kgj esa ikuh Hkj x;kA yksxksa os$ ?kj rks ck<+ esa Mwcs gh] lkFk gh lkjs 'e'kku ?kkV rd Mwc x,A bl ij ekVh
okyh vkSjr dk dguk gSxjhc vkneh dk 'e'kku ugha mtM+uk pkfg,A bl dFku dk vk'k; ;g gS fd ck<+ tSlh vkinkvksa ls xjhc dh >ksia M+h
u"V ugha gksuh pkfg,A mudh >ksia M+h rks igys gh 'e'kku ?kkV gS] tgk jkst+kuk os ej&ejdj thrs gSAa buos$ mtM+ tkus ij Hkyk os dgk jgsxa s !
26- ^foLFkkiu dh leL;k* ij ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k, rFkk crkb, fd lek/kku D;ksa ugha fudyrk \
mRrj foLFkkiu dh leL;k % ufn;ksa ij vkt cM+&s cM+s vkSj p&s ps ck/k cuk, tk jgs gSAa blos$ QyLo:i gt+kjksa ifjokjksa dks viuh t+ehu ls gkFk
/kksuk iM+ jgk gSA os mtM+ jgs gSAa vc leL;k [kM+h gSmuos$ foLFkkiu dhA ljdkj mudh t+ehu rFkk jkst+xkj jksth&jksVh rks Nhu ysrh gS] ij
muos$ foLFkkiu dh vksj /;ku rd ugha nsrhA ljdkjh vfkdkjh FkksM+k cgqr eqvkot+k muos$ gkFkksa esa Fkekdj vius drZO; dh bfrJh eku ysrs gSAa
ns'k os$ loksPZ p U;k;ky; rFkk jkT;ksa os$ mPp U;k;ky;ksa us bl Hk;kog fLFkfr ij Hkh viuh fpark O;Dr dh gSA mudh bu leL;kvksa dks ysdj
vkanksyu rks pyrs gS]a ij fdlh&u&fdlh ncko os$ ifj.kke&Lo:i os chp esa gh ne rksM+ nsrs gSAa bl xaHkhj leL;k dk gy fudkyk tkuk pkfg,A
27- ^iqj[kksa dh xk<+h dekbZ ls gkfly dh xbZ pht+kas dks gjke os$ Hkko cspus dks esjk fny xokgh ugha nsrkA* ekyfdu os$ bl dFku os$ vkyksd esa fojklr
os$ ckjs esa vius fopkj O;Dr dhft,A
mRrj ^iqj[kksa dh xk<+h dekbZ ls gkfly dh xbZ pht+kas dks gjke os$ Hkko cspus dks esjk fny xokgh ugha nsrk*ekyfdu os$ bl dFku esa mldk fojklr
iwot
Z ksa dh laifRr os$ izfr yxko o vknj dk Hkko >ydrk gSA ekyfdu dgrh gS fd gekjs iwot
Z ksa us raxh os$ fnuksa eas eu&elksldj nks&nks iSls
tek djos$ bu pht+kas dks [kjhnk gksxk] ftudh gekjh ut+jksa eas vc dksbZ dher ugha gSA bl ckr ls mldk vius iwot
Z ksa os$ izfr lEeku dk Hkko
izdV gksrk gSA og ?kj os$ ihry os$ cjruksa dks lHkkydj j[ks gq, gSA og mUgsa O;kikfj;ksa dks ugha csprhA

ikB5 fdl rjg vkf[kj eSa fganh esa vk;k

28- ^cPpu th oDr os$ ikcan Fks*ikB esa of.kZr ?kVuk ls bl dFku dh lR;rk dks izekf.kr djrs gq, crkb, fd gesa dkSu&lk Hkko xzg.k djuk pkfg,A
mRrj cPpu th le; os$ ikcan FksA ,d ckj cM+h rst+ o"kkZ gqbAZ bykgkckn dh o"kkZ Fkh>ek>eA mUgsa xkM+h ij igqp uk FkkA jkr dk oDr FkkA bl
oDr oq$yh u rkxk] oS$ls pyk tk, \ lqcg rd #duk iM+ ldrk gS] exj ughaA cPpu th us fcLrj dk/ks ij j[kk vkSj LVs'ku dh vksj jokuk
gks x,A tgk igqp uk Fkk] oDr ij igqp As bl ?kVuk ls cPpu th os$ LoHkko esa ^viuk dk;Z Lo;a djuk pkfg,* dk Hkko Hkh >ydrk gSA gesa ;gh
Hkko xzg.k djuk pkfg,A
29- ys[kd us cPpu th os$ O;fDrRo os$ fdu&fdu :iksa dks mHkkjk gS vkSj D;ksa \
mRrj cPpu th dk lgt LokHkkfod vkSj lkekU; gksuk ys[kd dks cgqr vPNk yxkA cPpu th dh izjs .kk ls gh ys[kd us fganh lkfgR; os$ izkxa .k esa dne
j[kkA cPpu th ys[kd dks t+cjnLrh bykgkckn ys x, vkSj muos$ firk] ys[kd os$ vfHkHkkod cusA cPpu th dh dforkvksa ls ys[kd izHkkfor
gq,A cPpu th dh nfj;kfnyh ls gh ys[kd dks vkFkd lgk;rk feyhA ys[kd igys&igy yxHkx csdkjh dh voLFkk os$ f'kdkj Fks] muos$ ikl
iSlksa dh deh FkhA og dkWyt
s dh i+$hl pqdkus esa vleFkZ FksA ys[kd cPpu th dh deZfu"Bk vkSj le; dh ikcanh ls Hkh izHkkfor FksA vktdy
os$ le; esa cgqr de yksx feyrs gS]a tks yksxksa dh enn djrs gSAa gesa muls lh[k ysuh pkfg,A

(4)

Subject : Hindi-B
Class : IX

ewY;k/kkfjr iz'u

(Value Based Questions)

Li'kZ xn~; [kaM

ikB4 rqe dc tkvksx]s vfrfFk
iz-1- tks vfrfFk fcuk lwpuk fn, vk Vidrs gS]a muos$ ckjs esa vki D;k lksprs gSa \
mRrj ,sls vfrfFk dk vkSipkfjdrko'k Lokxr rks fd;k tkrk gS] ysfdu eu esa ge lHkh ;gh lksprs gSa fd ;g D;k rjhdk gS fdlh os$ ?kj esa vkus dk]
de ls de NqVV~ h okys fnuksa esa vkrk ;k Qksu djos$ vkuk pkfg, FkkA vFkkZr~ ,sls vfrfFk dHkh Hkh viuh Nki vPNh ugha NksM+ lo$rsA
iz-2- ^vfrfFk nsoks Hko* mfDr dh O;k[;k djas rFkk vk/kqfud ;qx os$ lanHkZ esa bldk vk'k; Li"V djsAa
mRrj vkt os$ bl ;qx esa vfrfFk nks pkj fnu os$ fy, gh nsork os$ leku yxrk gSA vxj og vf/kd fnu vfrfFk cuk jgrk gS] rks est oku dks ijs'kkuh
gksrh gS vkSj bl egxkbZ os$ ;qx esa mldk cVqvk Hkh dki tkrk gSA ukSdjh&is'kk yksx rFkk vR;f/kd O;Lr yksx viuk vf/kd le; Hkh vfrfFk
dks ugha ns ldrs gSAa
iz-3- vPNk vfrfFk fdls dgk tk ldrk gS\
mRrj okLro esa vPNk vfrfFk ogh gksrk gS] tks igys ls gh vius vkus dh lwpuk nsdj vk, vkSj ,d ;k nks fnu esgekuh djk dj fonk ys ysA blos$
vfrfjDr og est+oku dks ijs'kku u djs rFkk mldh vkFkd fLFkfr dk Hkh /;ku j[ksAa vFkkZr~ tks vfrfFk frfFk crkdj vk,] mls gh vPNk vfrfFk
dgrs gSAa

ikB5 oSKkfud psruk os$ okgd pan'z ks[kj osd

a V jkeu
iz-4- lj pan'z ks[kj oad
s V jkeu os$ thou ls izkIr gksus okys thou ewY;ksa dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
mRrj okLro esa lj pan'z ks[kj osd
a V jkeu oSKkfud psruk os$ okgd FksA mUgksua s ges'kk fofHkUu izko`$frd ?kVukvksa dh Nkuchu oSKkfud n`f"V ls djus
dk rFkk vHkkoksa os$ ckotwn Hkh dke djus dk lan's k fn;kA mudk dguk Fkk fd gekjs ikl u tkus ,slh fdruh pht+sa fc[kjh iM+h gS]a tks vius
ik=k dh ryk'k esa gSAa ;gh muos$ thou ls izkIr gksus okyk lan's k gSA
iz-5- ^jkeu* dks feyus okys iqjLdkjksa us Hkkjrh; psruk dks tkxzr fd;k,slk D;ksa dgk x;k gS \
mRrj jkeu dks feyus okys iqjLdkjksa us Hkkjrh; psruk dks tkxzr fd;k] ,slk blfy, dgk x;k gS] D;ksfa d jkeu dks fo'o os$ ftrus Hkh loksPZ p
iqjLdkjksa ls lEekfur fd;k] os lHkh ml le; feys] tc Hkkjr xqyke FkkA ,sls le; esa mUgsa feyus okys iqjLdkjksa us Hkkjr dks ,d u;k
vkRe&lEeku vkSj vkRefo'okl fn;kA foKku os$ {ks=k esa mUgksua s ,d ubZ Hkkjrh; psruk dks tkxzr fd;kA

ikB6 dhpM+ dk dkO;

iz-6- ^dhpM+ dk dkO;* ikB ls gesa thou ewY; lac/a kh D;k f'k{kk feyrh gS \
mRrj ^dhpM+ dk dkO;* ikB ls gesa thou ls lac/a kh ;g f'k{kk feyrh gS fd gesa dhpM+ os$ xanis u ij ugha tkuk pkfg,] cfYd gesa rks dhpM+ dh
mi;ksfxrk ekuo&thou rFkk i'kqvksa os$ thou esa D;k gS] blij fo'ks"k ;ku nsuk pkfg,A mRrjh&iwohZ jkT;ksa esa rks lcls vf/kd iSnk gksus okyh
/kku dh i+$ly dhpM+ esa gh mx ikrh gSA vFkkZr~ gesa dhpM+ dh rqPNrk dks ns[krs gq, bldk frjLdkj ugha djuk pkfg,] cfYd bldh mi;ksfxrkvksa
dks ns[kuk pkfg,A rqPN vkSj egku bu nksuksa 'kCnksa dk viuk&viuk gh egRRo gSA

ikB7 /keZ dh vkM+

iz-7- egkRek xkakh os$ keZ ,oa thou ewY; lac/a kh fopkjksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
mRrj egkRek xkakh os$ keZ laca kh fopkj Fks fd gesa keZ os$ fcuk ,d dne Hkh ugha pyuk pkfg,A keZ dk vFkZ ph Hkkouk, rFkk mnkj rRo
gSA nwljksa dh Hkkoukvksa dks pksV igqp kuk Hkh fgalk gS] keZ ughaA vFkkZr~ os loZ=k keZ dks LFkku nsrs FksA

(1)

iz-8- dkSu&ls yksx kkfeZd yksxksa ls vfkd vPNs gSa \

mRrj os yksx] tks cs'kd ukfLrd gS]a ij nwljksa os$ nq[kksa dk [k;ky djrs gS(a ftudk lgh vkpj.k gksrk gS( tks LokFkZ os$ fy, nwljksa dks mdlkrs ugha]
os kkfeZd yksxksa ls vfkd vPNs gSAa
iz-9- keZ vkSj bZeku os$ uke ij fd, tkus okys Hkh"k.k O;kikj dks oS$ls jksdk tk ldrk gS \
mRrj keZ vkSj bZeku os$ uke ij fd, tkus okys Hkh"k.k O;kikj dks fuEufyf[kr ckrksa ij /;ku nsdj jksdk tk ldrk gS
l blos$ fy, lkgl vkSj n`<+rk dh vko';drk gSA
l keZ dh ladh.kZrk rFkk Bso$s nkjh dks NksM+uk gksxkA
l keZ os$ uke ij gksus okys 'kks"k.k dks jksduk gksxkA
l ,d nwljs os$ keZ esa Vkx u vM+kuk vkfnA

ikB8 'kqrkjs os$ leku

iz-10- egknso dh lkfgfR;d nsu D;k gS \
mRrj ^fp=kkaxnk* dp&nso;kuh dh dFkk ij VSxksj n~okjk jfpr ^fonkbZ dk vfHk'kki* ukfVdk] ^'kjn ckcw dh dgkfu;k* vkfn dk vuqokn egknso
dh lkfgfR;d nsu gSA
iz-11- dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdu ewY;ksa os$ dkj.k lekt dk ykM+yk cu ldrk gS\
mRrj ;g ckr fcYoq$y lgh gS fd ge lHkh vius vPNs dkeksa :ih xq.kksa ls gh lekt os$ ykM+ys cu ldrs gSAa blfy, dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fuEufyf[kr
xq.kksa os$ lekos'k ls lekt dk ykM+yk cu ldrk gS ljyrk] lTturk] fu"Bk] fujfHkeku vkfnA
blos$ vfrfjDr ftlesa R;kx] leiZ.k rFkk ges'kk nsus dh Hkkouk dk gh lnk lapkj gksrk gks vkfnA

Li'kZ dkO; [kaM

ikB12 ,d iw$y dh pkg
iz-12- ^,d iw$y dh pkg* dfork dk os$a nzh; Hkko ewy lan's k D;k gS \
mRrj NqvkNwr dk lekt esa nq"izHkko gksus os$ dkj.k gh ej.kklUu vNwr cPph os$ eu dh bPNk iwjh u gks ldhA tc lqf[k;k dk firk nsoh dk
izlkn ykus dh mldh bPNk iwjh djus eafnj igqp k] rks og HkDrksa dh ut+jksa esa [kVdkA HkDrksa us mls cgqr ekjk&ihVk rFkk lkr fnu dh tsy
dh lt+k fnyok nh] ftlls og vHkkxk vafre ckj csVh dks fey Hkh u ik;kA ,slh ckrksa dk ?kVuk] lekt esa iS$yh oq$jhfr;ksa os$ dkj.k gh
gS] ftUgsa tM+ ls m[kkMdj] oxZ&Hksn] tkfr&Hksn dks feVkdj lcdks lekurk dk nt+kZ nsuk pkfg,] D;ksfa d lHkh ,d gh bZ'oj dh larku gaAS
;gh bldk os$a nzh; Hkko gSA
iz-13- ^vLi`';rk dk vfHk'kki* lekt ij ,d cks> gS blos$ lq/kkj os$ fy, vki D;k dj ldrs gaS \
mRrj okLro esa vLi`';rk dk vfHk'kki gekjk Lo;a dk vks<k+ gqvk cks> gh gSA bldk eq[; dkj.k gekjh lksp rFkk gekjh ukfLrdrk gSA vxj ge
bZ'oj dh yhykvksa dks ;ku ls le>us dk iz;kl djs]a rks Kkr gks tk,xk fd mlus rks lHkh euq";ksa dks /kjrh ij oq$N djus os$ fy, Hkstk gS]
ijarq ge lHkh viuk mn~n's ; Hkwydj HkVd tkrs gSa vkSj vLi`';rk ;k vU; lkekftd oq$jhfr;ksa os$ Bso$s nkj cu tkrs gSAa vFkkZr~ vlkekftd ;k
vU;k;iw.kZ dk;Z os$ Bso$s nkj cu tkrs gSAa blos$ fy, gesa viuh lksp dks cnyuk gksxk rFkk ljdkj n~okjk fd, iz;klksa dks vkxs c<+kuk gksxkA

ikB13 xhr&vxhr
iz-14- izFke Nan esa of.kZr izo$` fr&fp=k.k fyf[k,A
mRrj izFke Nan esa izo`$fr dk cM+k gh ltho fp=k.k gqvk gS
unh fojg xhr xkrs gq, ekuksa rVksa ls oq$N dgrh gqbZ vkxs c<+ jgh gksA rV ij mxk xqykc lksprk gS fd ;fn fokkrk us mls Hkh Lojksa
dk ojnku fn;k gksrk] rks og Hkh ir>M+ os$ xhr xkdj lalkj dks lqukrk vkSj viuh O;Fkk de dj ysrkA
iz-15- euq"; dks izo$` fr fdl :i esa vkanksfyr djrh gS \
mRrj euq"; dks izo$` fr dk gj :i vkanksfyr djrk gSA izo$` fr euq"; dks gj iy izHkkfor djrh gSA ufn;ksa dk dydy cguk] iw$yksa dk f[kyuk] if{k;ksa
dk ekqj Lojksa esa pgpgkuk] tho&tarv
q ksa dk vius cPpksa os$ izfr eeRo vkfn izo$` fr dk gj :i vkd"kZd gS] euksgkjh gS] tks euq"; os$ var%dj.k
dks izHkkfor djrk gSA

(2)

ikB14 vfXu iFk

iz-16- dfo ^vfXu iFk* dfork esa euq"; dks dkSu&lh 'kiFk fnykuk pkgrk gS \
mRrj dfo euq"; dks ;g 'kiFk fnykuk pkgrk gS fd og thou iFk ij la?k"kZ ls Fkos$xk ughaA pkgs vufxur dfBukb;k ?ksj ya]s ijarq og foJke
gsrq #os$xk ugha vkSj ihNs eqM+dj Hkh ugha ns[ksxkA thou :ih iFk ij py dj viuh eaft+y dks izkIr djsxkA
iz-17- ^vfXu iFk* dfork dk ewy Hkko D;k gS \
mRrj ^vfXu iFk* dfork dk ewy Hkko gS fd euq"; dk thou la?k"kks rFkk pqukSfr;ksa ls Hkjk gqvk gSA blfy, bls vfXu iFk dgk gSA lq[k dh dkeuk
djus dh ctk; deZBrkiwod
Z fcuk Fkos$ vkxs c<+us dh izjs .kk nh gSA vFkkZr~ ilhus] vkl]w [kwu ls yFkiFk euq"; vius y{; dh vksj vxzlj
jgs] ;gh bl dfork dk ewy Hkko gSA

ikB15 (i) u, bykos$ esa

iz-18- dfo us 'kgjksa dh fdl foMacuk dh vksj lao$s r fd;k gS \ ^u, bykos$ es*a dfork os$ vkkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
mRrj dfo us 'kgjksa dh ml foMacuk dh vksj lao$s r fd;k gS] ftlos$ dkj.k ogk oq$N Hkh LFkk;h ugha gS] D;ksfa d c<+rs 'kgjhdj.k os$ dkj.k 'kgjksa
esa oq$N Hkh LFkk;h ugha jgrkA euq"; dks vusd dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA mls viuh Le`fr ij Hkjkslk ugha] D;kafs d tks vkt
gS] oks dy rd jgrk gh ugha gSA
iz-19- ^le; dh deh* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS \ dfork os$ vkkkj ij Li"V dhft,A
mRrj le; dh deh ls rkRi;Z gS fd 'kgjhdj.k] fuR; ifjorZu vkfn bruh 'kh?kzrk ls gks jgs gSa fd de le; esa gh tks vkt gS] og dy iqjkuk
gks tk,xkA blfy, bl uohurk dks viukus vkSj izkphu dks Hkqykus os$ fy, euq"; os$ ikl le; dh deh gSA vFkkZr~ euq"; os$ ikl le;
dk vHkko gSA

ikB15 (ii) [kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk

iz-20- ns'k dh e'kgwj [kq'kcwnkj vxjcfRr;k tgk curh gaS] ogk dk ekgkSy oS$lk gksrk gS \
mRrj ns'k dh e'kgwj [kq'kcwnkj vxjcfRr;k tgk curh ga]S ogk cgqr xanxh gksrh gSA ;s vxjcfRr;k pkjksa rji+$ cncw ls Hkjh cfLr;ksa rFkk ow$Ms+ os$
<sj okyh xfy;ksa esa cls xans eksgYyksa esa curh gaAS
iz-21- tks yksx [kq'kcw dh jpuk] ltkus&lokjus dk dke djrs gS]a muos$ gkFk oS$ls gksrs gSa \
mRrj [kq'kcw dh jpuk djus okyksa os$ gkFk fuEu izdkj os$ gksrs gSa
l

buos$ gkFk f?kls uk[kwu okys gksrs gSAa

mHkjh ulksa okys] dVs&QVs ,oa t+[eksa ls QVs gksrs gSAa

ihiy os$ iRrksa ls dksey gksrs gSAa

twgh dh Mkyh os$ leku uktqd gksrs gSAa

iz-22- ^nqfu;k dh lkjh xanxh os$ chp nqfu;k dh lkjh [kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk*bu iafDr;ksa dk vFkZ Li"V djsAa
mRrj bu iafDr;ksa dk vFkZ gS fd nqfu;k dh lkjh xanxh os$ chp jgus okyk fuEu oxZ nqfu;k os$ fy, [kq'kcw dh jpuk djrk gSA ;g fuEu oxZ xanh cfLr;ksa
esa jgrk gSA ;g lekt dk misf{kr oxZ gSA
iz-23- ^[kq'kcw jprs gSa gkFk* dfork fy[kus dk dfo dk eq[; mn~n's ; D;k gS \
mRrj bl dfork dks fy[kus dk dfo dk eq[; mn~n's ; gS fuEu oxZ dh lkekftd O;oLFkk dh n;uh; n'kk dks mHkkjukA bl oxZ dh fo'ks"k ns[kHkky
gks] mis{kk ugha gksuh pkfg,A lcdk /;ku bl vksj vkdf"kZr fd;k tk,] Bksl ljdkjh dne mBus pkfg,] rkfd ;g oxZ Hkh LoLFk thou
O;rhr dj los$A

(3)

lap;u iwjd iqLrd

ikB4 esjk NksVk&lk futh iqLrdky;
iz-24- ^bu o`$fr;ksa os$ chp vius dks fdruk Hkjk&Hkjk eglwl djrk gw* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS \
mRrj bldk rkRi;Z gS fd chekjh dh fLFkfr esa Js"B jpukdkjksa dh jpukvksa dks ns[krs jgus ls ys[kd Lo;a dks vos$ys ugha eglwl djrk FkkA
mls o`$fr;ksa os$ chp esa Hkjk&Hkjk lk yxrk FkkA
iz-25- firk os$ nsgkolku os$ ckn viuh i<+kbZ tkjh j[kus os$ fy, ys[kd us ikB~;&iqLrdksa dk izca k oS$ls fd;k \
mRrj firk os$ nsgkolku os$ ckn viuh i<+kbZ tkjh j[kus os$ fy, ys[kd dks Hkkjh vkfFkZd ladV dk lkeuk djuk iM+kA og ,d VLV ls feyk]
lgk;rk :ih ku ls lSoas$M gSaM iqLrdksa dks [kjhn dj i<+rk FkkA vFkkZr~ viuh iqLrdksa dk izcak djrk FkkA
iz-26- ^fdrkcksa okys dejs* esa jgus os$ ihNs ys[kd os$ eu esa D;k Hkkouk Fkh \
mRrj fdrkcksa okys dejs esa jgus os$ ihNs ys[kd os$ eu esa ;g Hkkouk Fkh fd og fdrkcksa dks ns[krk jgs] D;ksfa d ys[kd os$ izk.k fdrkcksa esa clrs
FksA blfy, og fdrkcksa ls vR;fkd yxko os$ dkj.k gh fdrkcksa os$ dejs esa jguk pkgrk Fkk] ftUgsa mlus fiNys pkyhl&ipkl cjlksa esa tek
fd;k FkkA

ikB5 gkfen [kk

iz-27- ^gkfen [kk* ikB os$ ek/;e ls ys[kd us gesa D;k f'k{kk nsuh pkgh gS \
mRrj ^gkfen [kk* ikB os$ ek/;e ls ys[kd us gesa ;g f'k{kk nsuh pkgh gS fd et+gc gesa vkil esa cSj j[kuk ugha fl[kkrk vkSj lHkh dks I;kj
ls gh ckkk tk ldrk gSA blfy, ge lHkh dks feytqy dj jguk pkfg,A
iz-28- ^dk'k eSa vkios$ eqYd esa vkdj ;g lc viuh vk[kksa ls ns[k ldrkA*gkfen us ,slk D;ksa dgk \
mRrj tc ys[kd us gkfen [kk dks ;g crk;k fd Hkkjr esa fganw&eqlyeku feydj jgrs gSa] ,d&nwljs os$ rht&R;ksgkj esa 'kkfey gksrs gSa] fganw&eqlyekuksa
os$ chp naxs u os$ cjkcj gksrs gSa] Hkkjr esa eqlyekuksa us ftl igyh efLt+n dk fuekZ.k fd;k] og mlh os$ jkT; esa gS] rc mlss bu ckrksa
ij fo'okl ugha gqvkA og ,slh vPNh txg dks viuh vk[kksa ls ns[kuk pkgrk FkkA
iz-29- ekykckj esa fgan&w eqlyekuksa os$ ijLij laca kksa dks vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
mRrj ekykckj esa fgan&w eqlyeku ijLij feytqy dj jgrs gSAa ;gk nksuksa keks os$ yksxksa esa QoZ$ ugha fd;k tkrkA fganw cf<+;k iqyko [kkus vkSj cf<+;k pk;
ihus os$ fy, cskM+d eqlyekuh gksVy esa pys tkrs gaAS ogk vkil esa dksbZ naxk&Qlkn ugha gksrkA pkjksa rji+$ vkilh esy&tksy dk okrkoj.k gSA

ikB6 fn;s ty mBs

iz-30- ^fn;s ty mBs* ikB os$ n~okjk ;g oS$ls fln~k gksrk gS fdoS$lh Hkh dfBu ifjfLFkfr gks] mldk lkeuk rkRdkfyd lw>&cw> vkSj vkilh esy&tksy
ls fd;k tk ldrk gS \ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A
mRrj ^fn;s ty mBs* ikB dh fuEufyf[kr ckrksa n~okjk ;g fln~k gksrk gS fd oS$lh Hkh dfBu ifjfLFkfr gks] mldk rkRdkfyd lw>&cw> ls lkeuk
fd;k tk ldrk gS
l iVsy dh fxj rkjh os$ ckn Hkh nkaMh ;k=kk #dh ugha FkhA
l nakMh ;k=kk dks fukkZfjr le; ls igys gh izkjaHk dj fn;k FkkA
l fczfV'k ljdkj us unh rV os$ lHkh ued os$ HkaMkj u"V dj fn, FksA
l dhpM+ Hkjs jkLrs ij xkakh th dks oa$ks ij mBk dj ys tkus dk vuqjksk fd;k x;kA
l xkakh th us vksjs esa gh unh ikj djus dk fu'p; fd;kA ;s lHkh ckrsa dBksj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls tw>us dh izj
s .kk nsrh gaAS
iz-31- xkakh th dks le>us okys ofj"B vfkdkjh bl ckr ls lger ugha Fks fd xkakh dksbZ dke vpkud vkSj pqios$ ls djsxa As fQj Hkh mUgksua s fdl Mj
ls vkSj D;k ,gfr;krh dne mBk, \
mRrj oq$N ofj"B vfkdkjh bl ckr ls lger ugha Fks fd xkakh vkSj muos$ lR;kxzgh egh unh os$ fdukjs vpkud ued cuk dj dkuwu rksM+ naxs As
ij oq$N vaxt
sz + vfkdkjh bl ckr ls lger ugha FksA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd xkakh th dksbZ dk;Z pqios$ ls ugha djsxa ]s ij fQj Hkh vko';d
dne mBk, x, vkSj unh os$ rV ij tgk Hkh ued os$ <sj Fks] mUgsa gVk fn;k x;k ;k u"V dj fn;k x;kA

(4)

Subject : Hindi-B
Class : X

ewY;k/kkfjr iz'u

(Value Based Questions)

1- liuksa os$&ls fnu

iz-1- ikB esa of.kZr ?kVukvksa os$ vkkkj ij ihVh lj dh pkfjf=kd fo'ks"krkvksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
mRrj ihVh lj dh pkfjf=kd fo'ks"krk, fuEufyf[kr gSa
(i) ihVh lj dBksj LoHkko os$ Fks] ysfdu vuq'kklu fiz; FksA blhfy, rks LdkmVksa dks ijsM djokrs gq, vuq'kklu os$ Hkax gks tkus ij cPpksa
dks cgqr MkVrs FksA
(ii) if{k;ksa os$ fy, muos$ eu esa xgjh eerk FkhA rHkh vius nks rksrkas dks Hkhxs gq, cknke dh fxfj;k Nhydj f[kykrs FksA
iz-2- [ksy vkios$ fy, D;ksa t+:jh gSa \ crkb,A
mRrj [ksy izR;sd mez os$ cPps os$ fy, t+:jh gaAS [ksyksa dh cPps os$ 'kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld fodkl esa vge~ Hkwfedk gksrh gSA [ksy cPps dh lksp
dks foLr`r rFkk fodflr djrs gaAS buls cPps esa lkewfgd :i ls dke djus dh Hkkouk dk lapkj gksrk gSA cPpksa esa izfrLikkZ rFkk izfr;ksfxrk
gsrq vkxs c<+us dh gksM+ vkSj nkSM+ esa Hkkx ysus dh bPNk iSnk gksrh gSA [ksyksa esa Hkkx ysus ls cPpksa dks viuk rFkk vius ns'k dk uke jks'ku
djus dk lqvolj izkIr gksrk gSA blfy, [ksy cPpksa os$ fy, cgqr t+:jh gaAS
iz-3- xjhc ?kjksa os$ yM+dksa dk Low$y tkuk dfBu D;ksa Fkk \ ^liuksa os$ ls fnu* ikB os$ vkkkj ij fyf[k,A
mRrj xjhc ?kjksa os$ yM+dksa dk Low$y tkuk dfBu blfy, Fkk,d rks muos$ ekrk&firk i<+kus os$ i{k esa ugha FksA nwljk mudh vkFkd fLFkfr vPNh
ugha FkhA rhljk ekrk&firk vui<+ FksA blos$ vfrfjDr pkjksa rjQ os$ egkSy dk Hkh f'k{kk ls dksbZ lac/a k u FkkA ;g lc xjhch os$ dkj.k
gh ,slk gks jgk FkkA
iz-4- fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks vuq'kklu esa j[kus os$ fy, ^liuksa os$&ls fnu* ikB dh ;qfDr;ksa vkSj vktdy dh ekU;rkvksa os$ ckjs esa vius fopkj O;Dr
dhft,A
mRrj fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks vuq'kklu esa j[kus os$ fy, ikB esa viukbZ ;qfDr;k bl izdkj ls gSaihVh lkgc fcYyk ekj&ekjdj cPpksa dh peM+h rd mksM+
nsrs FksA rhljh&pkSFkh d{kkvksa os$ cPpksa ls FkksM+k&lk Hkh vuq'kklu Hkax gks tkrk] rks mUgsa dBksj lt+k feyrh Fkh] rkfd os fon~;kFkhZ os$ thou
esa vuq'kklu dh uhao n`<+ cuk los$a A blos$ lkFk&lkFk fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks izkRs lkfgr rFkk mRlkfgr djus os$ fy, mUgsa ^'kkck'kh* Hkh nh tkrh FkhA
ysfdu orZeku esa Loho`$r ekU;rk, blos$ foijhr gSAa f'k{kdksa dks vkt fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dks ihVus dk vfkdkj ugha gSA blfy, fon~;kFkhZ fuMj
gksdj vuq'kklughurk dh vksj c<+ jgs gS]a D;ksfa d vkt igys dh Hkkfr fon~;kFkhZ f'k{kdksa ls Mjrs ugha gSAa blos$ fy, fon~;ky; vkSj ekrk&firk
nksuksa gh ft+Eesokj gaAS
iz-5- ekLVj izhrepan ls Mjus vkSj uQ jr djus os$ pkj dkj.kksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
mRrj ekLVj izhrepan ls Mjus vkSj ui+$jr djus os$ dkj.k fuEufyf[kr gSa
(i) os dHkh eqLdjkrs ugha FksA
(ii) mudh os'kHkw"kk lHkh dks Hk;Hkhr dj nsrh FkhA
(iii) os cPpksa dks dBksj lt+k nsrs FksA
(iv) os NksV&s NksVs cPpksa dks eqjxk cuk nsrs FksA

2- Vksih 'kqDyk
iz-1- Vksih vkSj b+i$+ u dh nknh vyx&vyx et+gc vkSj tkfr os$ Fks] ij ,d vutku vVwV fj'rs ls cks FksA bl dFku os$ vkyksd eas vius fopkj
fyf[k,A
mRrj cPpk dksey rFkk fu"diV LoHkko dk gksrk gSA mlos$ fy, et+gc vkSj tkfr dk dksbZ egRRo ugha gksrkA og rks bu lc ckrksa ls vutku
gksrk gSA mls tgk Hkh I;kj vkSj eerk feyrh gS] mlh vksj cjcl vkdf"kZr gks tkrk gSA blfy, rks b+i$+ u dh nknh dk Lusg vkSj
eerk Vksih dks et+gc vkSj tkfr dh nhokjksa os$ ikj viuh vksj [khap ysrh gS vkSj nksuksa vutku gksrs gq, Hkh ,d vVwV fj'rs esa c/k
tkrs gSAa

(1)

iz-2mRrj

iz-3mRrj

iz-4mRrj
iz-5mRrj

D;ksfa d izes u tkus tkr&ikr]

izes u tkus f[kpM+h HkkrA
Vksih 'kqDyk os$ ,d gh d{kk esa nks&nks ckj is$+ y gksus os$ dkj.kksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A
os dkj.k fuEufyf[kr gSa ,d gh d{kk esa nks&nks ckj cSBus ls Vksih dks cgqr&lh HkkokRed pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k FkkA tSls ekLVj
th tc det+kjs yM+dksa dks le>krs rks mldk gh mnkgj.k fn;k tkrk fd ^D;k ckr gS jke vorkj] ;k dksbZ Hkh cPpk ckyHknz dh rjg
blh nts+Z esa fVos$ jguk pkgrs gks \* ekLVj th os$ ,slk dgrs gh lHkh t+kjs kas ls glus yxrsA glus okys os gksr]s tks fiNys lky mlls ihNs
FksA fQj vxys lky Hkh mls mlh d{kk esa cSBuk iM+k] rks og fcyoq$y gh Hkksna w gks x;k] D;ksfa d mldk dksbZ nksLr ugha jg x;k FkkA vkBoha
d{kk okys nloha d{kk esa Fks rks lkroha okys cPps mlos$ lkFk FksA og vius Hkjs&iwjs ?kj dh rjg Low$y esa Hkh vos$yk gks x;k FkkA ekLVjksa
us Hkh mlij ;ku nsuk NksM+ fn;k FkkA mlls d{kk esa dksbZ loky u iwNk tkrk FkkA dbZ yM+o$s ,sl&s ,sls dVk{k djrs fd og fcyfcyk mBrkA
?kj esa Hkh nknh] ek] HkkbZ vkfn os$ rh[ks ck.k lgus iM+rAs
^vEeh* 'kCn ij Vksih os $ ?kj okyksa dh D;k izfrf;k gqbZ \
Vksih os$ ^vEeh* 'kCn dgrs gh mlos$ ?kjokyksa dh ijaijkvksa dh nhokjsa Mksyus yxhaA lHkh dh vk[ksa mlos$ psgjs ij te xb fd mudh laLo`$fr
os$ foijhr ;g 'kCn bl ?kj esa oS$ls vk x;kA tc Vksih us crk;k fd mlos$ nksLr b+i$+ u os$ ?kj ls lh[kk gS rks ek vkSj nknh us mldh [kwc
fiVkbZ dhA vFkkZr~ lHkh ?kjokyksa dh izrkM+uk Hkjh izfrf;k mlos$ f[kyki+$ FkhA
nknh vius csVs dh 'kknh esa xkus&ctkus dh bPNk iwjh D;ksa ugha dj ikbZ \
nknh vius csVs dh 'kknh esa xkus&ctkus dh bPNk iwjh blfy, ugha dj ikbZ] D;ksfa d nknh dk fookg ekSyoh ifjokj esa gqvk Fkk vkSj ekSyfo;ksa
esa 'kknh&fookg os$ le; t'u eukus ;k xkus&ctkus dk fjokt+ ugha FkkA
dysDVj lkgc os$ yM+os $ Vksih os$ nksLr D;ksa ugha cu ik, \
o$ysDVj os$ csVksa us Vksih dks eqg blfy, ugha yxk;k] D;ksfa d MCcw cgqr NksVk Fkk] fcyw cgqr cM+k Fkk vkSj xqMM~ w rks os$oy va xt
sz +h cksyrk FkkA
rhuksa esa ls fdlh us Hkh mls vius ikl QVdus ugha fn;kA Vksih muos$ Lrj dk ugha Fkk] og lhkk&lknk cPpk FkkA bUgha lc ckrksa os$ dkj.k
mUgksua s Vksih dks eqg ugha yxk;kA

(2)

Subject : Hindi-A
Class : X

ewY;k/kkfjr iz'u

(Value Based Questions)

1- lkuk&lkuk gkFk tksfM+---iz-1- fln~/k dhft, pkgs eSnku gks ;k igkM+ ns'k dh vkRek ,d tSlh gksrh gSA
mRrj ;weFkkax dh ;k=kk djrs gq, ysf[kdk us jkLrs esa li+$s n ckSn~ k irkdk, ns[khaA 'kkafr vkSj vfgalk dh izrhd bu irkdkvksa ij ea=k fy[ks gq, FksA
tc fdlh ckSn~ k keZ os$ vuq;k;h dh e`R;q gksrh gS] rks mldh vkRek dh 'kkafr os$ fy, 'kgj ls nwj fdlh Hkh ifo=k LFkku ij ,d lkS
vkB li+$s n irkdk, Qgjk nh tkrh gSAa u, dk;Z os$ vkjaHk djus ij Hkh jaxhu irkdk, yxk nh tkrh gaAS jkLrs esa ,d oq$fV;k os$ Hkhrj ?kwerk
keZ p gS] ftls ?kqekus ls lkjs iki kqy tkrs gSAa blls fln~k gks tkrk gS fd pkgs eSnku gks ;k igkM+] oSKkfud {ks=k esa rjDdh djus os$
ckot+n Hkh bl ns'k dh vkRek ,d tSlh gh gSA yksxksa dh vkLFkk,] fo'okl] vakfo'okl] iki&iq.; dh vokkj.kk, vkSj dYiuk, ,d tSlh
gh gSAa
iz-2- ^fdruk de ysdj ;s lekt dks fdruk vf/kd okfil ykSVk nsrh gSAa * bl dFku os$ vk/kkj ij Li"V djsa fd vke turk dh ns'k dh vkfFkZd
izxfr esa D;k Hkwfedk gS \
mRrj izkfrd lkSna ;Z ls vfHkHkwr gks] ysf[kdk vpkud pkSd
a mBrh gS]a tc os vkSjrksa dks 'kkjhfjd Je djrs ns[krh gSAa ;s Je djus okys vius
thou dks ladV esa Mkyrs gSa rFkk yksxksa os$ fy, lq[kksa os$ lkku tqVkrs gSAa et nwj] fdlku] cM+h&cM+h lM+o$s ]a iqy cukus okys] cM+&s cM+s Hkou
cukus okys fdruk Je djrs gSa vkSj cnys esa bUgsa fdruk de iSlk feyrk gSA ;fn ;s u gks]a rks ge thou os$ lq[kksa ls oafpr gks tk,aA ;s
Je djus okys fnu&jkr ,d djos$ Hkw[ks jg] lq[k&lqfokkvksa ls oafpr thou O;rhr djrs gSAa budk Je ns'k dh izxfr esa Hkh lgk;d gksrk
gSA gekjs ns'k dh turk cgqr de ysdj ns'k dh izxfr esa vge~ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA
iz-3- izko`$frd lkSna ;Z os$ vkuan esa Mwch ysf[kdk dks dkSu&dkSu ls n`'; >d>ksj x, \
mRrj izko`$frd lkSna ;Z os$ vykSfdd vkuan esa Mwch ysf[kdk os$ vpkud iSj #d x,] ekuksa lekfkLFk Hkko esa u`R; djrh fdlh vkReyhu u`R;kaxuk
os$ ?k?q k: vpkud VwV x, gksAa mUgksua s ns[kk fd vn~forh; lkSna ;Z ls cs[kcj oq$N igkM+h vkSjrsa iRFkjksa ij cSBh iRFkj rksM+ jgh FkhaA 'kjhj ls
dksey] ij gkFkksa esa oq$nky vkSj gFkkSMA+s dbZ vkSjrksa dh ihB ij ckh Vksdjh esa muos$ cPps cks gq, FksA muesa ls oq$N vkSjrsa rkdr os$ lkFk
oq$nky dks t+ehu ij ekj jgh FkhaA LoxhZ; lkSna ;Z os$ chp Hkw[k] ekSr] nSU; vkSj fta+nk jgus os$ fy, ;g tax ekr`Ro vkSj Je lkkuk lkFk&lkFkA
blh izdkj iykew vkSj xqeyk os$ taxyksa esa vkfnoklh ;qofr;ksa dks ihB ij cPps dks diM+s ls ckkdj iRrksa dh ryk'k esa ou&ou HkVdrs ns[kk
FkkA muos$ iw$ys gq, iko vkSj bu iRFkj rksM+rh igkfM+uksa os$ gkFkksa esa iM+h xkBas ,d gh dgkuh dg jgs Fks fd lkkkj.k yksxksa dk thou gj txg
,d&lk gSA ,d rji+$ lq[k&lqfokkvksa ls iw.kZ thou rks nwljh rji+$ nq[k] vkl]w vHkko] ;kruk vkSj kks[kkA
iz-4- vkt dh ih<+h n~okjk fdlls f[kyokM+ fd;k tk jgk gS \ bls jksdus esa vkidh D;k Hkwfedk gksuh pkfg, \
mRrj vkt dh ih<+h vkkqfudrk os$ jax esa jaxh gqb]Z izfr dks tkus&vutkus u"V dj jgh gSA ioZrh; LFkyksa dks xank dj] ogk os$ izkfrd lkSna ;Z
dks u"V dj jgh gSA vkt dh ih<+h pV~Vkuksa ij ukjs ;k foKkiu cuk dj muos$ lkSna ;Z dks u"V dj nsrh gSA yksx i;ZVu&LFkyksa ij ow$M+k&djdV
ia$s d dj mUgsa xank dj nsrs gSAa rkieku esa o`nf~ k gks jgh gSA ioZr viuh LokHkkfod lqna jrk [kks jgs gSAa
bls jksduk cgqr t+:jh gS] ughaa rks ge LoxhZ; lkSna ;Z ls oafpr jg tk,xAs gesa pkfg, fd ge lSj&likVk rks djsa fdarq i;ZVu&LFkyksa dks xank
u djsAa li+$kbZ dk /;ku j[ksAa ow$M+s dkss bkj&mkj u is$a os$A isM+&ikSkksa dks u"V u djaAs pV~Vkuksa rFkk nhokjksa ij oq$N u fy[ksAa cgrs ikuh esa
ow$M+k u is$a os$a A
iz-5- izn"w k.k os$ dkj.k LuksQkWy dh deh dk ftoz$ fd;k x;k gSA izn"w k.k os$ vkSj dkSu ls nq"ifj.kke lkeus vk, gS]a fyf[k,A
mRrj i;kZoj.k esa c<+rs izn"w k.k os$ nq"izHkko os$ dkj.k vc igkM+kas esa ci+$Z de ek=kk esa iM+rh gSA izn"w k.k os$ vkSj fuEufyf[kr nq"izHkko lkeus vk, gSa
(i) izn"w k.k ls ty iznfw "kr gksus yxk gS] ftlls mls lhkk ihus ;ksX; ugha ekuk tkrkA ,slk djuk chekfj;ksa dks U;kSrk nsuk gSA
(ii) izn"w k.k ls ok;q iznfw "kr gksus yxh gS] ftlls 'okl laca kh jksx c<+us yxs gSAa
(iii) ofu&izn"w k.k ls mPp jDrpki rFkk n; jksx gksus yxs gSAa ;gk rd fd cgjsiu vkSj ekufld vfLFkjrk Hkh lquus dks feyrh gSA
(iv) izn"w k.k ls Hkwfe dh mitk {kerk izHkkfor gksus yxh gSA
(v) izn"w k.k ekSle p esa ifjorZu] Xykscy okfex dk dkj.k rks cuk gh gS] lkFk&gh&lkFk ;g vusdkusd chekfj;ksa dk dkj.k Hkh cu
x;k gSA

(1)

iz-6- ns'k dh lhek ij cSBs QkSth fdl rjg dh dfBukb;ksa ls tw>rs gSa \ muos$ izfr gekjk D;k mRrjnkf;Ro gksuk pkfg, \
mRrj ns'k dh lhek ij cSBs Q kSth vusd rjg dh dfBukb;ksa ls tw>rs gSAa os dM+dM+krh BaM esa Hkh igjk nsrs gS]a rkfd ge pSu dh uhan lks los$Aa
ci+$hZys bykdksa esa cS'kk[k os$ eghus esa ikp feuV esa yksx dkiuk 'kq: dj nsrs gS]a ysfdu ns'k dh j{kk os$ fy, lhek ij toku ikS"k vkSj ek?k
esa Hkh rSukr jgrs gSAa os viuk orZeku nsdj gekjk Hkfo"; lqkkjrs gSAa gekjs Hkh buos$ izfr mRrjnkf;Ro gSAa gesa budk mfpr lEeku djuk
pkfg,A buos$ ifjokj os$ lnL;ksa dh ns[kHkky rFkk cPpksa dh f'k{kk dh vksj /;ku nsuk pkfg,A
iz-7- lSykfu;ksa dks izo$` fr dh vykSfdd NVk dk vuqHko djokus esa fdu&fdu yksxksa dk ;ksxnku gksrk gS \ Li"V djsAa
mRrj lSykfu;ksa dks izfr dh vykSfdd NVk dk vuqHko djokus esa vusd yksxksa dk ;ksxnku gksrk gSA vktdy Vos y ,tsfa l;k lSykfu;ksa dks izkfrd
LFkyksa dh ;k=kk djokus os$ fy, okgu rFkk Bgjus os$ fy, LFkku laca kh O;oLFkk, djrh gS]a okgu pkyd rFkk ifjpkyd lSykfu;ksa dks izfr
os$ vn~Hkqr ut+kjksa dk n'kZu djokrs gSAa bu LFkyksa dh tkudkjh j[kus okys xkbM egRRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gq, i;ZVu LFkyksa dh tkudkjh
iznku djrs gSAa blos$ lkFk gh ljdkj rFkk i;ZVu foHkkx Hkh viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSAa LFkkuh; ljdkj bu LFkyksa os$ j[k&j[kko dk ;ku
j[krh gSA LFkku&LFkku ij i;ZVu LFkyksa dh tkudkjh gsrq uD'ks yxkuk] [krjukd eksM+kas ij psrkouh yxkdj tku&eky dh j{kk djuk tSls
dk;ks ls lSykfu;ksa dh thou j{kk dk Hkkj ;s mBkrh gSAa FkksM+h cgqr tkudkjh LFkkuh; yksx rFkk gksVy os$ deZpkjh vkfn Hkh nsrs gS]a ftlls
NksV&s cMs+ lHkh LFkyksa dk vkuan fy;k tk ldrk gSA

2- ,sgh BS;k >qyuh gsjkuh gks jkek!

iz-1- nqykjh dk VqUuw dks ;g dguk dgk rd mfpr Fkk^rS ljcmyk cksy ft+Uuxh esa dc ns[kys yksV \*nqykjh os$ bl vk{ksi eas vkt os$ ;qok&oxZ
os$ fy, D;k lan's k fNik gS \ mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,A
mRrj ^VqUuw os$ xk;u dk tokc nsrs gq, nqykjh us dgk FkkrSa ljcmyk cksy ft+Uuxh esa dc ns[kys yksV \--------bldk vFkZ gS fd rqe tSls fljfQjs
us t+nxh esa uksV dgk ns[ks gSa \ VqUuw dh mez ml le; lksyg&l=kg o"kZ dh FkhA mlus dPph mez esa ku ughaa ns[kk FkkA mlos$ firk xjhc
iqjksfgr Fks] tks ,d&,d dkSM+h tksM+dj x`gLFkh pyk jgs FksA nqykjh os$ bl vk{ksi esa vkt os$ ;qok oxZ os$ fy, ;gh lan's k fNik gS fd mUgsa
viuh ;qokoLFkk os$ vkos'k esa vkdj ;g ugha lkspuk pkfg, fd ek;k ;k /ku vklkuh ls izkIr gks tkrk gSA ;qokvksa dks dkYifud nqfu;k
ls fudydj okLrfod nqfu;k esa thuk pkfg,A thou dh okLrfod dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk djuk pkfg,A
iz-2- nqykjh vkSj VqUuw os$ izes os$ ihNs mudk dykdkj eu vkSj mudh dyk Fkh \ ;g izes nqykjh dks ns'k&izes rd oS$ls igqp krk gS \
mRrj nqykjh <yrs ;kSou dh izk<S +k Fkh] tcfd VqUuw 16&17 o"kZ dk ckyd FkkA igys ifjp; ls gh nqykjh VqUuw dh xkf;dh ls izHkkfor gks xbZ FkhA
VqUuw Hkh nqykjh dh dyk dk izes h FkkA mls nqykjh ls ckrsa djuk vPNk yxrk FkkA mls nqykjh dh vk;q] jax ;k :i ls oq$N ysuk&nsuk u FkkA
nksuksa dk izes lkfRod vkSj lEeku ls Hkjiwj FkkA tc VqUuw gksyh ij nqykjh os$ fy, migkj yk;k] rks mlus ks/k esa euk dj fn;kA ckn esa
lksprs gq, VqUuw os$ igukos ij ;ku x;kA mlus eyey dk oq$jrk NksM+ [kn~nj dk oq$jrk rFkk xka/kh Vksih igu yhA mls le> vk x;k fd
VqUuw Lor=kark&vkanksyu esa 'kkfey gks x;kA ,d lPph izfs edk dh rjg mlus Hkh [kknh dh /kksrh igu yh vkSj is$a ow$ ljnkj n~okjk ykbZ xbZ
dherh lkfM+;ksa dks R;kx fn;kA
iz-3- gekjh vkt+knh dh yM+kbZ esa lekt os$ misf{kr ekus tkus okys oxZ dk ;ksxnku Hkh de ugha jgk gSA bl dgkuh esa ,sls yksxksa os$ ;ksxnku dks
ys[kd us fdl izdkj mHkkjk gS \
mRrj bl dgkuh esa ,sls yksxksa os$ ;ksxnku dks ys[kd us xkSugkfju nqykjh os$ egku R;kx] uo;qod VqUuw os$ ns'k&isez rFkk vketu dh lf; Hkkxhnkjh
os$ ek/;e ls mHkkjk gSA VqUuw dk O;fDrxr izes ns'k&izes esa ifjorr gks tkrk gSA og fons'kh oL=kksa dks R;kx dj [kn~nj/kkjh cu tkrk gSA
usrkvksa dh vihy ij gqbZ gM+rky esa lfEefyr gksdj tykus os$ fy, fons'kh diM+s ,df=kr djus okyksa os$ ny esa 'kkfey gks tkrk gSA izes h
VqUuw ls izHkkfor gksdj nqykjh fons'kh feyksa esa cuh gqbZ lkfM+;ksa dk caMy fons'kh oL=kksa os$ laxgz dRrkZvksa dks lkSia nsrh gSA usrkvksa dh vihy
ij vke turk us Hkh fons'kh oL=kksa dk R;kx fd;k vkSj ^Hkkjr tufu t;&t;* os$ xhr xk,A

3- eSa D;ksa fy[krk gw \

iz-1- ;qn/~ k os$ le; Hkkjr dh iwohZ lhek ij ys[kd us D;k ns[kk \
mRrj ;qn~ k os$ le; Hkkjr dh iwohZ lhek ij ys[kd us ns[kk Fkk fd lSfud czge~ iq=k esa ce is$a d dj gt+kjksa eNfy;k ekj nsrs Fks] tcfd mUgsa FkksM+h&lh
vko';drk gksrh FkhA thou os$ bl viO;; ls ihM+k eu os$ Hkhrj ls meM+h] mlls v.kq&ce n~okjk O;FkZ thouuk'k dk vuqHko rks ys[kd
dj gh los$ FksA

(2)

iz-2- fgjksf'kek dh ?kVuk foKku dk Hk;kudre nq#i;ksx gS \ vki dh n`f"V ls foKku dk nq#i;ksx dgk&dgk vkSj fdl rjg ls gks jgk gS \
mRrj fgjksf'kek dh ?kVuk foKku dk Hk;kudre nq#i;ksx gSA gekjh n`f"V esa foKku dk nq#i;ksx thou os$ gj {ks=k esa gks jgk gSA 'kfDr'kkyh ns'k
ce foLQksV dj NksV&s NksVs ns'kksa dks vius fu;a=k.k esa ysus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSAa vkradoknh laxBu eu pkgs foLQksV dj viuh ckrsa euok
ysrs gaAS [kkus&ihus] ty] ok;q vkfn esa izn"w k.k os$ dkj.k lc nwf"Z kr gks jgk gSA foKku os$ nq#i;ksx ls fdlku dhVuk'kd vkSj t+gjhys jklk;fud
nzO; fNM+drs gS]a blls i+$lysa rks vfkd ek=kk esa izkIr gks tkrh ga]S ij muos$ ikSf"Vd rRo u"V gks tkrs gaAS ,sls [kkn~;&inkFkZ [kkdj yksx chekj
gks tkrs gaAS foKku os$ midj.kksa dk iz;ksx djus ls okrkoj.k esa xjeh c<+ jgh gS ,oa izn"w k.k c<+ jgk gSAS ci+$Z fi?kyus ls ck<+ dk [krjk c<+
x;k gSA jkst+ nq?kZVuk, gks jgh gSAa
iz-3- ,d laons u'khy ;qok ukxfjd dh gSfl;r ls foKku dk nq#i;ksx jksdus esa vkidh D;k Hkwfedk gS \
mRrj ,d laons u'khy ;qok ukxfjd dh gSfl;r ls foKku dk nq#i;ksx jksdus esa esjh vge Hkwfedk jgsxhA eSa oSKkfud midj.kksa dk iz;ksx
rks d:xk] ysfdu ;g Hkh /;ku j[kwx k fd blls fdlh nwljs dks gkfu u gksA izn"w k.k iS$ykus okyh oLrqvksa dk iz;ksx de&ls&de d:xkA
viuh rFkk vius vkl&ikl os$ okrkoj.k dks LoPN vkSj lqna j cukus dk iz;Ru d:xkA izfr os$ fudV jgwx kA lq[k&lqfokkvksa dh f=ke
nhokjksa dks rksM+xw kA

(3)

Subject : Physics
Class : XII

Value Based Questions

Unit-1 : ELECTROSTATICS
1. Vijay was preparing an electronic project for science exhibition. He required a capacitance of 2F
having a capacity to operate under 1 kV potential. He went to a shop to purchase it. Shopkeeper was
having only 1F capacitors of 400 V rating. Vijay calculated minimum number of capacitors of 1 F so
that he could arrange them to form a capacitor of 2F value.
(a) What values do you judge in Vijay ?
(b) Show the calculations done by Vijay.
2. During a thunderstorm Rohan and his friends were in the middle of a jungle. His friends were standing
under a tree. Rohan advised them not to stand there. Rather he suggest they should move back to the
bus. He explained them that they are safe inside the bus due to electrostatic shielding.
(a) What are the values exhibited by Rohan ?
(b) What is electrostatic shielding ?

Unit-2 : CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1. Rakesh purchased cells for his transistor. He felt that cells are not working properly. He wanted to
check their e.m.f. So, he took the cell to the physics lab and with the help of potentiometer found their
e.m.f. To his surprise e.m.f. was less than the value claimed by the manufacturer. He lodged the complaint
with consumer forum and received the deserving response.
(a) What values are displayed by Rakesh ?
(b) What do you think why Rakesh used potentiometer instead of voltmeter to find out e.m.f. of the
cell ? For more precise measurement the potential gradient of the potentiometer should be high
or low ?
2. Laxmi and her mother went to the market to purchase some household articles. Laxmis mother was
going to purchase 100 W electric bulb. Laxmi advised her to purchase CFL. She told her mother that
it will consume less amount of power and will save electricity.
(a) What qualities do you notice in Laxmi ?
(b) A 100 W bulb and a 500 W bulb are joined in parallel to the mains. Which bulb will draw more
current ?

Unit-3 : MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

1. Harsh was performing an experiment to carry out a project for that he required an ammeter of range
7.5 A. It was not available in the laboratory and in the market. So, he decided to convert a galvanometer
into an ammeter of given range.
(a) What values do you think are there in Harsh ?
(b) How could he do that ? Explain by showing calculations.
2. Sujeet was making an electric bell. For that he was looking for an appropriate material. Sumit suggested
him to use soft iron for this purpose and helped him in making electromagnet.
(a) What quality do you think is there in Sumit ?
(b) Why Sumit suggested for soft iron ?

Unit-4 : ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS

1. Lakshika used to go to her school on bicycle. She studied electromagnetic induction in her physics
class. An idea occurred to her. She attached a small dynamo and an LED with the axel of the cycle.

(1)

This way during the ride she used to enjoy the glowing of LED.
(a) What values do you think is inculcated in Lakshika after understanding physics ?
(b) What is the principle on which dynamo is based ? Does this device obey principle of conservation
of energy.
2. Mr. Dixit purchased heater marked with 80V 800 W. He wanted to operate it on 100V 50Hz a.c.
supply. He calculated inductance of the choke required for operating that heater.
(a) Specify the nature of Mr. Dixit.
(b) How Mr. Dixit could have calculated the value of inductance ? Explain.

Unit-6 : OPTICS
1. Rehan and his family went for an outing. On the way Rehans grandpa lost his spectacles. He was
facing difficulty in reading book. Rehan was carrying a magnifying lens with him to carryout a bio
project. He gave that lens to his grandpa and solved his difficulty.
(a) What qualities are exhibited by Rehan ? Mention any two values which are prominently shown in
this situation.
(b) Previously his grandfather was using spectacles of power 1.0 D for distant vision. Now, he also
needs to use reading glass of + 0.2 D. Explain what may have happened.
2. Some friends were playing near a pond. Pond appeared shallow to them. So, they decided to have fun
by playing in pond water. Kundan happened to pass through. He noticed the intention of the children.
Immediately he approached them and instructed not to indulge in the adventure. He explained that
pond was much deeper than it appeared. This way he avoided a misshappening.
(a) What qualities Kundan displayed ?
(b) With the help of a ray diagram explain, why water appeared less deeper than what actually it was?
3. Ajay got so much interested in astronomy that he decided to make a telescope. He studied about
telescopes and its construction. He prepared his own astronomical telescope. He presented his observations
in a science seminar and got first prize.
(a) What qualities do you find in Ajay ?
(b) Draw ray diagram of astronomical telescope and give expression for its magnifying power.

Unit-9 : ELECTRONIC DEVICES

1. Renu used to live with her grandmother. Renus grandmother asked her to purchase a torch because the
old one was not working. Renu made a torch by using LED and gave it as a gift to her. She explained
the advantages of LED over a bulb. Her grandmother was very happy, the torch proved to be of great
help for her.
(a) What conclusion do you draw from the incident of Renu ?
(b) Why LED is a better choice give any two reasons ?
2. Narayan was doing social work during vacation. He visited a village where there was no electricity. He
decided to help the villagers in purchasing solar panels. For this he made them aware about the technology
and advantages. Villagers applied for solar panels and got it from government at nominal charges.
(a) What type of a person is Narayan ?
(b) What is the principle of solar cell ? How does it work ?

Unit-10 : COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

1. Jagdish went to the market to purchase a T.V. set. He got confused with so many features and functions
of electronic appliances. He took the help of his friend Sandeep, a science student. Sandeep explained
him about the communication system, digital and analogue signals. This knowledge proved of great
help to Jagdish in purchasing a colour T.V.
(a) What type of nature Sandeep has ?
(b) What do you mean by the term communication ? Which type of signals are better ?

(2)

SOLUTION
Unit-1 : ELECTROSTATICS
1.

(a) Value for money and ability to apply scientific calculations in day to day life.
(b) Total potential difference across each row = 1000 V
Potential difference across each capacitor = 400 V
Number of capacitors in series,
or

1000
= 2.5
400
n =3
n =

1
F
3
If there are m rows of capacitors, for an equivalent capacitance of 2F, we have

Capacitance of capacitors in series, C S =

1
=2
3
m=6
Thus, total number of capacitors required are
N=mn
=63
N = 18
i.e., six rows of capacitor in parallel with three capacitors in each row.
(a) Concern for others, understanding the concept and ability to apply it in our daily life.
(b) In case there is no charge inside the cavity, electric field is zero. Whole charge resides only on the
outer surface. This is electrostatic shielding.
m

2.

Unit-2 : CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1.

2.

(a) (i) General awareness

(ii) Presence of mind
(iii) Use of scientific knowledge.
(b) Potentiometer is based on null point method. Voltmeter draws current at the time of measurement
of potential difference across the cell. So, it does not give the value of e.m.f. For more precise
measurement it should be low.
(a) (i) Concern for her family.
(ii) Capability to apply knowledge.
(b)
P = VI

I1 100 1
P1
=
=
P2 = I 2 500 5
i.e.,
I2 > I1
i.e., 500 watt bulb will draw more current.
So,

(3)

Unit-3 : MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

1.

(a) Quality to solve the problem by using scientific knowledge.

(b) To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter of given range, he joined a resistance of appropriate
value in parallel with the galvanometer.
Value of resistance is calculated as under
S=

IgG

(2.5 103 ) 12

7.5 2.5 103

S = 4 10
(a) Friendly and helping nature.
(b) Any material having high permeability and low retentivity is suitable for making electromagnets
(temporary). So, in electric bell, we use soft iron for making electromagnet.
I Ig

2.

Unit-4 : ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING

CURRENTS
1.

2.

(a) Capability to use the understanding of a concept for innovation.

(b) Dynamo is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
It converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Yes, it obeys the principle of conservation
of energy.
(a) He seems to be a techno friendly having confidence and knowledge of electrical gadgets.
(b) Current required,

I=

P 800
=
= 10 A
V
80

V 2 80 80
=
= 8
800
P
EV 100
=
= 10
Z=
10
IV
R=

Z=

R 2 + X L2

XL =

Z 2 R2

XL = 102 82 = 6
L=

6
XL
=
= 0.0191 H
2 2 3.14 50

Unit-6 : OPTICS
1.

(a) (i) Affection for his grandfather. (ii) Presence of mind.

(b) Previously far point was 100 cm. The power of spectacles were of 1.0 D i.e., for an object at
infinity image is formed at 100 cm by length. Ability of accommodation get lost partially in old
age. The near point recedes to 26.3 cm from 25 cm that is why he needs converging lens of
power + 0.2 D.

(4)

2.

(a) (i) Sense of responsibility towards society and caring for others.
(ii) Alertness
(b) It is due to refraction. When rays move from denser to rarer medium they bend away from
normal and appear to come from a point above its actual location.

3.

(a) Ajay is having scientific aptitude. He is hard working.

O

(b)

Co

Ce

Fe

O bjective

e ye piece
D

fo

Magnifying power m =

fo
fe

fe

1 + D

Unit-9 : ELECTRONIC DEVICES

1.

2.

(a) Renu has respect for elders and she has innovative mind.
(b) LED have following advantages :
(i) Low operational voltage and less power.
(ii) Long life and ruggedness.
(a) It seems Narayan is a very social person. He wants to help the people with modern technology.
(b) Solar cells converts solar energy into electrical energy. It works on the principle of photovoltaic
effect. When photons of appropriate frequency falls on the p-n junction of solar cell they generate
electron-hole pairs. These are separated out by electric field at the junction. This way emf is
developed across the solar cell.

Unit-10 : COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

1.

(a) Sandeep is friendly, helping and well aware having a vast knowledge of subject.
(b) Truthful, intact and speedy transfer of knowledge or data from one place to other is called
communication. Digital signals are better. These are disturbance free, clear and sharp.

(5)

Subject : Sanskrit
Class : IX

ewY;ijdiz'uk% (Value Based Questions)

(ikB~;iqLrdk/kfjrk%)
lIre% ikB%
iz'uk%
1- ^iQykU;fi ijkFkkZ; o`{kk% lRiq#"kk% boA* bfr 'yksdka'ks osQ lRiq#"kk% bo of.kZrk% \
2- ^/U;k% egh#gk% ;sH;ks fujk'kk ;kfUr ukfFkZu%A* v=k o`{ksH;% osQ vk'kk;qDr% of.kZrk% \
3- ^gUr! lEizfr rFkkfi tukuka Nk;;So ny;L;frrkie~A* tukuke~ vfrrkia o`{kk% osQu nwjh djksfr \
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5- ^rIrkLr ,o riuksiefikrkiS%A
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mkjkf.k
1- o`{kk% 2- vfFkZu% 3- Nk;;k 4- pUnuL; 5- fuEcL;A
v"Ve% ikB%
1- ^rr'p l% eqfu% ri% izHkkokr~ vg~ dkje~ mixr%A* v=k equs% vg~dkjL; dkj.ka foaQ fyf[kre~ \
2- ^equs! u Hkr`Zlsok;k% vija dpu /e djksE;ge~A* bfr okD;s ifrozrk uk;kZ% loksZke% /eZ% d% of.kZr% \
3- ^czgeu~! vga ekrkfi=kksHkZDr%A rkS fg ee ijk;.ke~A* iq=kL; o`Qrs ijk;.ka dks orZrs \
4- ^vr% Lo/e pj] ;su vk'kq ija Js;% vokIL;flA* v=k okD;s Js;L; dkj.ka foaQ fyf[kre~ \
5- ^deZ.kSo fg laflfe~ vkfLFkrk tudkn;%A* tudkn;% jktku% dFka laflfe~ izkIroUr% \
mkjkf.k
1- ri% izHkko% 2- Hkr`Zlsok 3- ekrkfirjkS 4- Lo/ekZpj.ke~ 5- deZ.kkA
uoe% ikB%
iz'uk%
1- ^v/quk rq l Lodh;S% izk.kSjso Lons'ka LorU=ka drqZe~ bPNfrA* v=k okD;s dL; lsok Loizk.kS% vfi drZO;e~ bfr of.kZre~ \
2- f/~ eke~ v/U;e~ ;ksga ekr`Hkwfea jf{krqe~ vleFkZ%A* dL;k% j{kk tuku~ /U;ku~ djksfr \
3- ^ijes'oj! n;Lo! ekr`Hkwes% nqnZ'kka Lop{kq"kk dFka nz{;ke%A* bfr okD;s ns'kokflu% dL;k% nqnZ'kka nz"Vqe~ vleFkkZ% lfUr \
4- ^ijrU=ks ns'ks thoua ujdk;rsA* tuk% thoua lq[ke;a drq dhn`'ks ns'ks ols;q% \
5- ^vkRe?kkfru% tuk% rq vlw;kZu~ yksdku~ oztfUrA ohjxR;k ej.keso dY;k.kizna HkofrA* lalkjs dFka ej.ka dY;k.kizna orZrs \
mkjkf.k
1- Lons'kL; 2- ekr`Hkwes% 3- ekr`Hkwes% 4- LorU=ks 5- ohjxR;kA
n'ke% ikB%
iz'uk%
1- ^T;ksfr% inkFkZKkukFk dksga onrq lkEizre~A* nhid% fdeFk izdk'ka ;PNfr \
2- ^r=kkRekua fg i';fUr f[kUua Hknza ;Fkk;Fke~A* bfr 'yksdka'ks tuk% dhn`'ka eq[ka i';fUr bna of.kZre~ \
3- ^f=kus=kksfi f'koks ukfLeA* vfLeu~ 'yksdka'ks f'koL; dfr us=kkf.k of.kZrkfu \
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5- ^dksLE;ga ukfldkdj%A* v=k 'yksdka'ks xtL; gLr% d% of.kZr% \
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1- inkFkZKkukFkZe~ 2- f[kUua Hknze~ 3- =khf.k
4- pe~
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,dkn'k% ikB%
iz'uk%
1- ^vgefi fpUrkrqjk vfLeA* tuU;k% fpUrk;k% dkj.ka fde~ vklhr~ \
2- ^ekr%! ek HkS"kh% ! bZn`'kha rkn`'kha ok vk'kadka ek fo/sfgA vga fi=kk lg f{kize~ vkxfe";kfeA* v=k okD;s v"VkoL; d% n`';rs \
3- ^vgefi feF;kKkuxkfoZrku~ ,rku~ n`"V~ok glkfeA* v=k fo}kal% dhn`'kk% dfFkrk% \
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mkjkf.k
1- ifrfo;ksx% 2- vkRefo'okl% 3- feF;kKkuxfoZrk% 4- vkRefu 5- 'kkUra eu%A
}kn'k% ikB%
iz'uk%
1- ^fnudjnhfIrfjo HkoRdhfrZ% fn{kq izlkje~ vkIuksrqA* v=k dL; dhR;S vk'khokZn% nh;rs \
2- ^r=k xeusu ee dk;Zgkfu% Hkfo";frA* v=k okD;s oqQ=k xeua of.kZre~ orZrs \
3- ^jktfu;e% rq e;k ikyuh;% ,oA* bfr okD;s dL; ikyuL; okrkZ vfLr \
4- ^do;kfe o;kfe ;kfeA* bna 'yksdka'ka oqQfoUnL; foaQ iznf'kZre~ djksfr \
5- ^{keh&nkrk&xq.kxzkgh&Lokeh iq.;su yH;rsA* v=k dhn`'k% Lokeh iq.;su feyfr bfr of.kZre~ \
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3- jktfu;eL;

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iz'uk%
1- ^laxhrlk/us"kq izfrous% mRiknukFk ;% lw{ee% vko';d% re~ vfUo"Voku~ l%A* v=k laxhrlk/us"kq fde~ vko';oaQ xq.ka of.kZre~ \
2- ^izfrofufoKkua fouk laxhrlk/ukuka fuekZ.ke~ vlk;a orZrsA* bfr okD;s foaQ fouk laxhrlk/ukfu fujFkZdkfu dfFkrkfu \
3- ^vk;qosZn% r`rh;k fo|kA r=k 'kjhjj{kk] 'kYifpfdRlk vks"k/huka izKkua p v/hrkfuA* 'kjhjj{kk dL;k% fo|k;k% fo"k;% orZrs \
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1- izfrofu% 2- izfrofufoKkue~ 3- vk;qosZnL; 4- Hkkjrh;foKkuL; 5- Hkkjrh;lH;rk;k%A
prqnZ'k% ikB%
iz'uk%
1- ^HkkjrsukfLr es thoua thoue~A* v=k 'yksdka'ks dos% thoua fde~ vfLr \
2- ^Hkkjra orZrs es ija lEcye~A* bfr 'yksdka'ks Hkkjrh;kuka ije% vk/kj% d% dfFkr% \
3- ^vcqZnkjkoyh Jsf.klEiwftre~] Hkwrys Hkkfr esukjra Hkkjre~A* v=k d;ks% ioZrJs.;ks% Hkkjra iwftra of.kZre~ \
4- ^fo'oesda oqQVqEca lekyksdd;r~A* vfLeu~ 'yksdka'ks dL; lans'k% nk% \
5- ^uSdekxSZ% izHkqa pSdekjk/;r~A* v=k Hkkjre~ vusdekxSZ% de~ vkjk/;fr bfr fyf[kre~ orZrs \
mkjkf.k
1- Hkkjre~ 2- Hkkjrns'k%@Hkkjre~ 3- vcqZn&vkjkoyh&ioZrJs.;ks% 4- olq/So oqQVqEcde~ bR;L; 5- ,da izHkqe~A

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