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STRENGTH
DURABILITY
Water tightness
Ca(OH)2 + CO2
Intrinsic
Can be controlled
by providing r/f
CaCO3
Thermal contraction
Autogenous healing
Control of cracking
w max S max cs te 1
2 ult
Smax
Wmax
ult
Concrete tensile
strain
ult
200 10 6
Heat of Hydration
cs 100 10 6
w max S max te
w max S max T T
2
2 1
w max S max R T T
2
1
Annual Temp.
variations
BS8007
Needs to find
the relevant T1
Walls
mm
325
C
350
C
400
C
18 mm plywood
formwork:
OPC content,
Kg/m3
325 350
400
C
C
C
300
500
700
1000
11
20
28
38
13
22
32
42
15
27
39
49
23
32
38
42
Section
thickness
Steel formwork:
OPC content,
Kg/m3
25
35
42
47
31
43
49
56
Ground slab:
OPC content,
Kg/m3
40
35
325
C
350
C
400
C
15
25
-
17
28
-
21
34
-
T1
Type of formwork
T1
30
25
Ambient temperature
20
0
Time (days)
Note 1. For suspended slabs cast on flat steel formwork, use data in column 2
Note2. For suspended slabs cast on plywood formwork, use the data in column 4
The table assumes the following:
(a) that the formwork is left in position until the peak temperature has passed.
(b) That the concrete placing temperature is 20 C
(c) That the mean daily temperature is 15C
(d) That an allowance has not been made for solar heat gain in slabs.
Local
condition
32C
28C.
Extensive experimental
investigations
Microstructure
Formation Model
Multi
component
hydration
model
CEMHYD3D
45
Temperature (C)
Chemical
composition
of cement
CEMENT
CLINKER
Experimental
investigation +
Non Linear
Regression
analysis
C660 model
Exothermic
Chemical
Reaction
H2 O
C-S-H
Ca(OH)2
+ Heat
Heat
Generation
model
Hi = i si Hi,T0 (Qi)EXP{-E/R[1/T-1/T0]}
Hc=piHi
Reference
Heat
Generation
[Hi,T0]
Interaction
between
mineral
composition
[]
Powder
fineness
[Si]
Heat of
hyd.
Model
should
generate
this curve
Qi=Hidt
Temperature
dependence
[Ei/R]
Free water
[i]
Ettringite,
Hydrates, and
Monosulfate
formation
Pi Weight composition
ratio
Hi Heat generation rate
of mineral i
Qi Accumulated heat of
mineral i
C3A
At 293k temperature
C3S
C4AF
C2S
H1
Coarse
particles
Blaine value, si
si = Si/Sio
H2
Fine particles
Where,
Si - Blaine value of
component i
Sio-Reference Blaine value
of component i
C3A
Heat rate
+
C4AF
Heat rate
C3S
C - Cement content
Qi Accumulated heat
Qi, - Final heat
and,
Free water,
Wfree
C2S
Time
Input Data
[Material, Mix, Initial
temp., and Geometry]
T
Multi-component Heat of
Hydration Model
HC
Input Data
[Thermal properties,
Initial temp.]
Transient Heat
Conduction Analysis
[ANSYS]
Output Data
[Temp. history, and
distribution]
Cement fineness
Case 1: Calibration
Type of formwork
Wall
Mineral Composition
Market
product
C3A
C4AF
C3S
C2S
CH2
OPC-M1
6.87
10.04
62.37
11.72
5.18
3468
OPC-M2
6.56
11.56
64.56
8.64
4.52
3479
OPC-M3
7.18
53.09
21.02
4.10
3364
OPC-M4
7.01
12.17
56.68
17.16
3.89
3093
OPC-M5
6.97
10.35
11.87
61.83
10.12
5.62
3704
Prediction of T1
Cement content
Cement content
Cement content
380 kg/m3
400 kg/m3
380 kg/m3
400 kg/m3
380 kg/m3
400 kg/m3
17
18
(15)
31
34
32
34
(31)
500
27
29
(27)
38
40
38
40
(43)
700
34
36
(39)
41
44
42
44
(49)
40
42
(49)
44
47
44
47
(56)
300
1000
C3A 6.92%, C4AF 11.2%, C3S 59.71%, CSH2 4.66%, & Si 3422cm2/g
Concrete placing temperature
= 32 0C
Mean ambient temperature
= 28 0C
( ) BS 8007 values
Fineness,
[cm2/g]
300mm
Tmax
Mean ambient temp. Ta
T2
Tmin
T2 = Ta - Tmin
City
Anuradhapura
Badulla
Bandarawela
Batticaloa
Colombo
Galle
Hambantota
Katugastota
Kurunagala
Mahailluppalama
Nuwaraeliya
Puttalam
Vavuniya
Conclusions
Mean ambient
Temperature (C)
T2
(C)
28.5
23.9
20.7
28.2
27.5
27.2
27.7
24.6
27.5
27.5
16.5
27.9
27.9
Average
17.9
12.3
10.1
20.4
19.9
20.6
20.0
13.0
17.0
16.3
4.3
17.9
16.1
11
12
11
8
8
7
8
12
11
11
12
10
12
10
Thank You