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Ferrimagnetism
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Nottobeconfusedwithferromagnetismforanoverviewseemagnetism
Inphysics,aferrimagneticmaterialisonethathaspopulationsof
atomswithopposingmagneticmoments,asinantiferromagnetism
however,inferrimagneticmaterials,theopposingmomentsare
unequalandaspontaneousmagnetizationremains.[1]Thishappens
whenthepopulationsconsistofdifferentmaterialsorions(suchas
Fe2+andFe3+).
Ferrimagneticordering

Ferrimagnetismisexhibitedbyferritesandmagneticgarnets.The
oldestknownmagneticsubstance,magnetite(iron(II,III)oxide
Fe3O4),isaferrimagnetitwasoriginallyclassifiedasaferromagnetbeforeNel'sdiscoveryof
ferrimagnetismandantiferromagnetismin1948.[2]
SomeferrimagneticmaterialsareYIG(yttriumirongarnet),cubicferritescomposedofironoxidesand
otherelementssuchasaluminum,cobalt,nickel,manganeseandzinc,hexagonalferritessuchasPbFe12O19
andBaFe12O19,andpyrrhotite,Fe1xS.[3]

Contents
1Effectsoftemperature
2Properties
3Molecularferrimagnets
4Seealso
5References

Effectsoftemperature
Ferrimagneticmaterialsarelikeferromagnetsinthattheyholdaspontaneousmagnetizationbelowthe
Curietemperature,andshownomagneticorder(areparamagnetic)abovethistemperature.However,there
issometimesatemperaturebelowtheCurietemperatureatwhichthetwoopposingmomentsareequal,
resultinginanetmagneticmomentofzerothisiscalledthemagnetizationcompensationpoint.This
compensationpointisobservedeasilyingarnetsandrareearthtransitionmetalalloys(RETM).
Furthermore,ferrimagnetsmayalsohaveanangularmomentumcompensationpointatwhichthenet
angularmomentumvanishes.Thiscompensationpointisacrucialpointforachievinghighspeed
magnetizationreversalinmagneticmemorydevices.[4]

Properties
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Ferrimagneticmaterialshavehighresistivityandhaveanisotropic
properties.Theanisotropyisactuallyinducedbyanexternalappliedfield.
Whenthisappliedfieldalignswiththemagneticdipolesitcausesanet
magneticdipolemomentandcausesthemagneticdipolestoprecessata
frequencycontrolledbytheappliedfield,calledLarmororprecession
frequency.Asaparticularexample,amicrowavesignalcircularly
polarizedinthesamedirectionasthisprecessionstronglyinteractswith
themagneticdipolemomentswhenitispolarizedintheopposite
directiontheinteractionisverylow.Whentheinteractionisstrong,the
microwavesignalcanpassthroughthematerial.Thisdirectionalproperty
isusedintheconstructionofmicrowavedeviceslikeisolators,circulators
andgyrators.Ferrimagneticmaterialsarealsousedtoproduceoptical
isolatorsandcirculators.Ferrimagneticmineralsinvariousrocktypesare
usedtostudyancientgeomagneticpropertiesofEarthandotherplanets.
Thatfieldofstudyisknownaspaleomagnetism.

Molecularferrimagnets

Belowthemagnetization
compensationpoint,
ferrimagneticmaterialis
magnetic.Atthe
compensationpoint,the
magneticcomponentscancel
eachotherandthetotal
magneticmomentiszero.
AbovetheCuriepoint,the
materiallosesmagnetism.

Ferrimagnetismcanalsooccurinmolecularmagnets.Aclassicexample
isadodecanuclearmanganesemoleculewithaneffectivespinofS=10derivedfromantiferromagnetic
interactiononMn(IV)metalcentreswithMn(III)andMn(II)metalcentres.[5]

Seealso
Orbitalmagnetization
Anisotropyenergy

References
1. Spaldin,NicolaA.(2010)."9.Ferrimagnetism".Magneticmaterials:fundamentalsandapplications(2nded.).
Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.pp.113129.ISBN9780521886697.
2. L.Nel,PropritesmagntiquesdesferritesFrrimagntismeetantiferromagntisme,AnnalesdePhysique
(Paris)3,137198(1948).
3. Klein,C.andDutrow,B.,MineralScience,23rded.,Wiley,p.243
4. C.D.Stanciu,A.V.Kimel,F.Hansteen,A.Tsukamoto,A.Itoh,A.Kirilyuk,andTh.Rasing,Ultrafastspin
dynamicsacrosscompensationpointsinferrimagneticGdFeCo:Theroleofangularmomentumcompensation,
Phys.Rev.B73,220402(R)(2006).
5. Sessoli,RobertaTsai,HuiLienSchake,AnnR.Wang,SheyiVincent,JohnB.Folting,KirstenGatteschi,
DanteChristou,GeorgeHendrickson,DavidN.(1993)."Highspinmolecules:[Mn12O12(O2CR)16(H2O)4]".J.
Am.Chem.Soc.,115(5):18041816.doi:10.1021/ja00058a027.

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Categories: Magneticordering Quantumphases
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