Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Industry in Indonesia
Petrus Panaka
PT Gikoko Kogyo Indonesia
panaka@indo.net.id
&
M. Arif Yudiarto
yudiarto59@yahoo.com
Outline of Presentation
1. Indonesia biomass potential for Biofuel
2. Road Map of Bioethanol & Industry Plant in
Indonesia
3. Ethanol Production and Export in Indonesia
4. Strategy to solve oil price problem :
- Increase renewable fuel (biofuel) utilization
- Increase value added for energy resources
5. R &D of Gasohol.
6. Conclusions
Part of Plant
Ethanol
Productivity(L/ha/yr)
Cassava
Root
4,500
Sweet potato
Root
7,800
Sugar Cane
Stalk
Molasses
5,000 6,000
40
Corn
Grain
5,000 -6,000
Sorghum
Grain
3,000 -4,000
Sweet sorghum
Stalk
5,500 6,000
Sago
Stalk
4,000 5,000
Aren
Sap
40,000*)
Nipah (Mangrove)
Sap
5,000 -15,000
Lontar
Sap
8,000 10,000
Coconut
Sap
8,000 10,000
Paddy
Stalk
1,000 2,000
Forest plants
Wood waste
Productivity
(ton/yr)
Avr production
(t/ha)
27.6
411.94
14.90
Lampung
298.48
4,984.62
16.70
West Java
114.69
1,651.48
14.40
CenterJava
215.52
3,469.80
16.10
Jogyakarta
47.48
764.41
16.10
East Java
241.20
3,786.88
15.70
Banten
10.75
154.82
14.40
South Sulawasi
41.88
607.29
14.50
NTB
8.28
88.57
10.70
NTT
75.51
808.00
10.70
Papua
3.83
40.93
10.69
Others
114.44
1,705.23
14.90
1,239.86
18,473.96
14.90
Province
North Sumatera
Indonesia
Source : BPS. 2004
Market
Product
2006 2010
2011-2015
Bioetanol supply
2.78 mil kl ( 15% of total
gasoline consumption)
Gasohol E-10
(Bioetanol from cassava & molasses)
Bioetanol supply
6.28 mil kl ( minimal 20 % of
total gasoline consumption)
Technology
Technology
Status
R & DR&D
2016-2025
Bioethanol
Dehydration
with adsorben
Membrane
technology for
dehydration
Fermentationpr
ocess
technology
Carbohydrate resources
for bioethanol feedstock
Strain yeast
improvement
Lignocellulose as
bioethanol feedstock
and fuel
Pembangunan
The construction of
104 plant
plants@
@60
KL/day
104
60kL/hari
2005
2007
2009
2010
The
construction of
Pembangunan
62
@60
KL/day
62 plants
plant @
60kL/hari
2013
The
construction of114
114plant
plants@@60
KL/day
Pembangunan
60kL/hari
2015
2018
2020
2023
202 5
Note :
1). 60 kL/day capacity is the lowest capacity of commercial ethanol plant based on starch feedstock. It needs about
Rp 150 billion per-plant investment.
2). For efficiency reasons. investors should be encouraged to construct 2-3 times of those capacity.
3). The development of commercial plant under 60 kL/day is possible with local avaiable feedstock (especially starch.
sap. lontar. nipah. sugarcane and sweet sorgum) for rural areas where price of fuel oil is high.
Location
Production
Capacity
(Kiloliter/y)
Mojokerto
5.000
Molasses
PT Basis Indah
Sulawesi
1.600
Molasses
Lampung
51.282
Molasses
Surakarta
42.000
Molasses
Yogyakarta
6.720
Molasses
Malang
10.000
Molasses
Bondowoso
6.000
Molasses
Gresik
11.000
Molasses
Lampung
~ 30
Cassava
PT Madu Baru
PT Molindo Raya Industrial
PT Perkebunan Nusantara XI
PT Rhodia Manyar
B2TP, BPPT
Feedstock
Product : technical grade ethanol and raw spirit (ethanol: 95-97 % v/v)
Capacity (ton)
Value (US$)
Japan
9,459.5
3,337,018
China
12.8
8,800
Singapore
255.50
Philippines
7,374.405
Malaysia
Taiwan
12.8
4,982.963
Thailand
12.8
Others
87.662
Total
22,198.43
145,726
2,609,972
7,672
2,948,038
7,890
115,382
9,180,498
Capacity
(ton)
30,197
In US$
(x 1000)
9,857
2001
18,291
7,257
2002
27,518
10,757
2003
26,536
10,585
2004
22,198
9,180
124,740
476.36
Total
Production
Capacity
(Kiloliter/y)
Feedstock
Lampung
60,000
Molasses
PT Sampurna
Ponorogo
16,800
Cassava
Pasuruan
11,200
Molasses
Kanematsu Corporation
30,000
Cassava
Cassava &
Molasses
Kotabumi
Cassava
Kediri
120
Molasses
Name of Company
Source : From Kompas & Sinar Harapan. July 2006 March 2007.
Country
Description
Brazil
The largest producer of ethanol from sugar cane in the world with annual
production of 18 billion liter from 320 ethanol plants. Currently, from all types of
fuel sold at the market, 22 26% is ethanol. Production cost is US 14 16 per
liter.
USA
The second largest producer after Brazil. The annual production is more than 10
billion liter, however, this is only 2% of the total usage of fuel. The new
legislation will increase the use of bioethanol.
China
Third biggest producer. The processing method came from Brazil and now is
constructing new ethanol plants to increase their production.
Germany
To increase the use of biofuel, the government has issued tax exemption policy.
Austria
To treat used cooking oil collected from McDonalds to drive public buses at
Graz.
Sweden
. The test on ethanol mixed with petrol in public buses at Stockholm showed
that big vehicles which have high fuel consumption can also use with the lower
cost fuel such as bioethanol.
Ghana
They have biodiesel plants from various grains which can be harvested in short
time. From this they can saved imported fuel up to 240 million US$.
Continue
Country
Thailand
Description
Indonesia
Japan
E10, Gasohol. Target from December 2005, increased filling station from 829 to
4,000 stations. 6 ethanol plants (2006) with production of 1,090 kL/day. Another
17 plants permitted with total capacity of 300,000 kL/day.
Cassava
Pretreatment
Cooking and
Saccharification
Distillation
Source : B2TP-BPPT
Dehydration
Fermentation
FGE
(Ethanol 99.5%)
2. Crusher
3. Cooking tank
Ethanol
95% v/v
6. Distillation column
5. Fermentor
4. Saccharifying tank
Source : B2TP-BPPT
Ethanol
(%)
Ferm.Ratio
(%)
Ratio of
Cassava/
Ethanol
9.0
97.12
5.27
0.40
9.4
98.50
5.20
14.91
1.80
9.2
92.80
5.34
106.181
15.84
0.50
8.9
87.25
5.87
99.930
13.87
0.30
7.7
86.00
5.42
99.462
11.80
1.40
7.1
93.00
5.26
98.311
13.75
0.40
8.6
97.00
5.27
98.169
14.46
1.20
9.2
98.79
5.19
Average
5.35
Broth
volume
(liter)
Total Sugar
Start
Finish
102.367
14.39
1.81
101.990
14.82
100.196
Driver Aid
CVS Sampler
Ambient
Air Filters
Fan
Dyno
Control
Dilute
Sample
Turbine
Exhauster Unit
Tailpipe Sample
Autotest
Environmental &
Auxiliary Input
Raw Bench
Source : B2TP-BPPT
Premium
Pertamax
E3
E10
E20
Rpm
2500
2500
2500
2500
2500
CO (%)
3.66
2.85
2.44
1.04
0.76
CO2 (%)
12.60
13.00
13.20
14.00
13.70
HC (ppm)
372
351
390
514
673
O2 (%)
0.59
0.45
0.60
0.76
1.23
LAMDA
0.91
0.93
0.94
0.98
1.01
Tengine (oC)
88
87
88
87
87
Tamb (oC)
30
32
33
31.8
32.3
Acceleration
(km/hr)
Premium
(second)
Gasohol E10
(second)
1.
0 -100
19.01
17.16
2.
40 - 80
8.08
7.46
No
Emission
Premium
Gasohol E10
1.
CO
6.97%
5.61%
2.
CO2
10.1%
10.9%
3.
HC
394 ppm
335 ppm
4.
O2
0.74%
0.69%
5.
Lamda
0.827
0.862
Source :
Otomotif 18th Ed.,
Sept 5, 2005
Fuel
Gasohol
E-10
Gasohol
E-20
Premium
Pertamax
Power (kW)
41.23
42.52
30.97
40.09
Force (N)
1856.1
1913.3
1393.8
1804
Fuel Consumption
(L/jam)
30.39
31.24
31.03
27.38
R&D Results
The ratio of cassava to ethanol is average of 5.35
From the test results bioethanol mixed with gasoline
(premium) :
- The adding of bioethanol (typically 10%) in gasoline
(premium) can improve combustion efficiency in car
engine since ethanol can improve octane number.
Bioethanol can reduce CO emission both in idle and
cycle (load) conditions.
E10 gives the highest performance (power and traction)
nearly similar with Pertamax even CO emission is lower.
Conclusions