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Downstream Objectives
By One Reservoir
Or
By a System of Reservoirs
Hydrologic Engineering Center
Outline
Some Terminology
Examples of downstream constraints &
objectives
Creating downstream rules
Rule priority, decision logic, and rule-
conflicts
Terminology - Downstream
Control
Downstream control:
operate to meet an objective at a
location downstream from the reservoir
Terminology - Operate
Operate:
make a decision about something we can
control (and act on that decision)
What
can we control?
When is the effect seen?
How Much can I release now so that the
objective is met when the released water
arrives at the downstream location?
Terminology Objective,
Control Point
(Downstream) Objectives:
Minimum
Control Point:
The downstream location for which the
reservoir is trying to operate - usually an
active gage location
reservoirs operate
together for an
objective at a common
downstream location
Releases made from
occurs when an
upstream reservoir
operates to maintain a
storage balance with a
downstream reservoir
A Tandem Series of
Information needed
DS Objective(s)
Current + future
local inflows
Routing time and
attenuation impacts
Releases from other
reservoirs that affect
flow/stage at the
control point
Information needed
Foresight! Foresight! Foresight!
Foresight: What you know (or assume) about the
future will guide how you determine releases
to meet downstream objectives.
HEC-ResSim uses limited perfect foresight
(It knows the exact local flows for a future
period that affect the release decision. That
future period is based on the routing time
between the reservoir and the control point.)
Examples of
Downstream Constraints
Examples of
Downstream Constraints
The risk of failure of the
Birchbank levees is
acceptably low until
flows exceed 225,000 cfs
at which point the risk
increases greatly.
Therefore, both local and
system flood control
storage at Arrow Lakes
will be used to manage
flows in the Columbia
River at Birchbank to not
exceed 225,000 cfs.
Examples of
Downstream Constraints
Limit flows at Greenfield
to 12,000 cfs during the
(May-Dec) growing
season.
During normal
operations, flow at
Rockville should be
maintained at or above
2,500 cfs. Likewise, the
flow at Greenfield should
be maintained at or
above 3,500 cfs
More about
Downstream Control Rules
A grey square appears
Back-routing calculation
Example 1
Limit flows at Greenfield to 12,000 cfs
t=4
Allowable range of
flows (cfs)
0 hrs
15,000300,000
8 hrs
t=4
10,000200,000
5,000100,000
4 hrs
00
Greenfield
8 hrs
4 hrs
Allowable range of
release (cfs)
t=16
t=0
15,000300,000
10,000200,000
5,000100,000
00
Crazy Mountain
Back-routing calculation
Example 2
flow at Rockville should be maintained at or
above 2,500 cfs
t=4
15,000300,000
10,000200,000
5,000100,000
4 hrs
00
Rockville
Allowable range of
release (cfs)
Allowable range of
flows (cfs)
t=0
300,000
15,000
200,000
10,000
100,000
5,000
00
Crazy Mountain
Release
Max
physical
capacity
Initially, Range
set by Physical
Limits
allowable
range
Rule 1:
Rel > 1,000
9000
allowable
range
Rule 3:
Flow > 12,500
downstream, needs
Rel > 10,000
9000
Rule 3 is violated
(constrained)
but gets as close
as possible
allowable
range
1000
0
Rule 2:
Rel < 9,000
1000
Rule 1:
Flow > 12,500
downstream,
need Rel > 10,000
allowable
range
10000
10000
9000
allowable
range
Rule 3 is violated
(constrained)
but gets as close
as possible
1000
Rule 3:
Rel < 9,000
allowable
range
10000
Release
Rule 2:
Rel > 1,000
Release (cfs)
15,000
300,000
Do ranges of allowable
releases overlap?
10,000
200,000
Yes
5,000
100,000
00
overlap
1
Priority
No
Do ranges of allowable
releases overlap?
Release (cfs)
10,000
200,000
Yes
5,000
100,000
00
overlap
No
Conflict.
1
Priority
Do ranges of allowable
releases overlap?
Release (cfs)
10,000
200,000
Yes
Compatible.
5,000
100,000
No
00
Priority
Conflicts
If operation rule priorities were switched
Release (cfs)
15,000
300,000
Do ranges of allowable
releases overlap?
10,000
200,000
Yes
Compatible.
5,000
100,000
No
00
Priority
Take-home Points
Downstream operations work to meet an objective
two types of
reservoir system
operation
Parallel
Tandem
Both types rely
on a System
Storage Balance
DefiningParallel Operation
In one reservoir
Create a
Downstream
Control rule for
the common
downstream
location.
DefiningParallel Operation
In a parallel
reservoir
DefiningTandem Operation
Add a Tandem rule
to the upstream
reservoir of the
tandem system
NOTE: Tandem rules
are specified flow
rules (both Min and
Max); as such they
are usually positioned
as the lowest priority
rules so they dont
take over
Project
Conserve
Storage
Flood
Storage
Res. 1
20,000
10,000
Res. 2
10,000
20,000
%100
System
30,000
30,000
Sys
Implicit (default)
Explicit (user-defined)
F.C.
%0
%100
%100
F.C.
%0
%100
F.C.
Con
.
%0
Res. 1
Sys
Con
.
Con
.
Res. 2
%0
Syste
m
Full
Res1 Storage
are:
G.C.
System Storage
Empty
Full
Res2 Storage
Full
G.C.
Empty
Sys
G.C.
Empty
System
Storage
Zone is defined by
associating it with the top
of a zone in each system
reservoir
The desired balance
Full
F.C.
Sys
Con
25%
F.C.
Full
F.C.
Con.
70%
Con
System Storage
Empty
Full
Res2 Storage
Res1 Storage
Sys
Empt
y
75%
F.C.
F.C.
Con.
33%
Con
Empty
System
Storage
Store Index
100.0%
70.0%
0.0%
100.0%
33.0%
0.0%
100.0%
58.9%
0.0%
2.0
1.0
0.0
70,000
49,000
0
30,000
9,900
0
100,000
58,900
0
2.0
1.0
0.0
62,000
88.6%
1.62
54,672
-7,328
8,000
26.7%
0.81
15,328
7,328
70,000
70.0%
1.27 = Target Index
70,000
MoreTake-home Points
Parallel System Operations are defined by adding the