SP 2007 (3-5)

Name
ap
eP
e
tr
.X
Candidate Number
Centre Number
om
.c
s
er
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level
9701/31
CHEMISTRY
Paper 31 Advanced Practical Skills
For Examination from 2007

SPECIMEN PAPER
2 hours
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
Additional Materials: As listed in Instructions to Supervisors.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Give details of the practical session and laboratory where appropriate, in the boxes provided.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer all questions.
You are advised to show all working in calculations.
Use of a Data Booklet is unnecessary.
Qualitative Analysis Notes are printed on pages 9 and 10.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Session
Laboratory
For Examiners Use

1
2
TOTAL
This document consists of 10 printed pages.

UCLES 2006
[Turn over
2
1
For
Examiner's
Use
FA 1 is 2.00 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

FA 2 is approximately 0.75 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4.
A student suggests that the concentration of the sulphuric acid can be determined by
measuring the temperature of the solution as the acid is added in small amounts to a known
volume of FA 1 in a plastic cup.
The student proposes the following hypothesis.
As the acid is added to the alkali the temperature rise will be directly proportional to the
volume of acid added until the end-point of the reaction is reached. Upon further addition of
acid there will be a reduction in the temperature of the solution in the cup as the acid added
is not reacting and is at a lower temperature than the solution in the plastic cup.
2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(a) Use the equation for the reaction to estimate the volume of approximately 0.75 mol dm-3
H2SO4 that will neutralise 25.0 cm3 of 2.00 mol dm-3 NaOH.
[1]
(b) In the experiment you will add FA2 from the burette to 25.0 cm3 of FA1 in a plastic cup.
You will measure the temperature of the solution after each addition of acid. You will be
required to plot a graph of the temperature before and after the end-point in order to
determine the end-point accurately and consequently calculate the precise
concentration of H2SO4 in FA2.
In order to obtain precise information about the end-point of the reaction, you will need
to decide
how many additions of H2SO4 are to be made,
the volume of acid to be added each time.
number of additions of H2SO4

volume of acid added each time
UCLES 2006
[2]
9701/31/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
(c) In the space below you should record the results of your experiment, including
the initial temperature of FA 1 in the plastic cup when no acid has been added,
the total volume of FA 2 added at each stage of the experiment,
the temperature of the solution in the plastic cup after each addition of acid,
the temperature rise, T.
[T = temperature of the solution after each addition of acid initial temperature of FA 1]
[5]
You must decide how best to record and present your measurements.
[3]
Experimental procedure:
Fill the burette with FA 2.
Support the plastic cup in the 250 cm3 beaker and pipette 25.0 cm3 of FA 1 into the plastic
cup. Measure and record the steady temperature of FA 1.
Run into the cup the first volume of FA2 you have selected, stir and record the highest
temperature observed.
Immediately add a second volume of FA2 from the burette and repeat the temperature
measurement. Continue until you have added all of the planned volume of FA2.
Results
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07
[Turn over
For
Examiner's
Use
(d) Plot a graph of T against volume of FA 2 added.

Draw two distinct and intersecting lines, one for the increasing and one for the
decreasing temperatures.
[4]
(e)
UCLES 2006
cm3 of H2SO4.
The lines intersect at

9701/31/SP07
[1]
For
Examiner's
Use
(f) Use the results of your experiment to calculate the exact concentration of H2SO4.
Show all your working and explain the steps in your calculation.
[2]
(g) Explain how the results of your experiment support or do not support each part of the
hypothesis proposed by the student.
[3]
(h) From the points plotted and the shape of your graph suggest and explain a possible
error in the measurements taken in this experiment.
[2]
(i)
From what you know about the accuracy of your apparatus, calculate the % error in the
volume of acid added at the end-point.
[1]
(j)
Another student puts forward the hypothesis that the heat energy produced in the
reaction, rather than the temperature rise, is proportional to the volume of acid added.
How could the data collected in the experiment be converted into heat energy
produced?
[4.3 J raises the temperature of 1 cm3 of solution by 1 oC]
[1]
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07
[Turn over
6
2
Labels have become detached from two bottles of chemicals, each containing a white
powder. One of these is believed to be barium iodide and the other a metal nitrate. A
solution has been prepared from each of the solids and these solutions are labelled FA 3
and FA 4.
(a) By selecting a suitable reagent from those listed in the reactions of anions on page 10,
you should carry out a test to establish which of the solutions contains the iodide ion.
Record details of the test performed and the observations obtained in the test in the
space below.
From this test, solution FA . contains the iodide ion.
[2]
(b) By selecting another suitable reagent, carry out a test on the solution you have chosen,
to confirm the presence of the iodide ion.
Record details of the test performed and the observations obtained in the test in the
space below. State, with reasons, whether or not this confirms your choice above.
[2]
You are to perform the tests given in the table opposite on each of FA 3 and FA 4 to
(i) confirm the presence of the nitrate ion in the solution not chosen above,
(ii) identify and confirm the cation in each solution.
Record details of colour changes seen, the formation of any precipitate and the
solubility of any such precipitate in an excess of the reagent added.
Where gases are released they should be identified by an appropriate test which
you should describe in your observations.
You should indicate clearly at what stage in a test a change occurs.
Marks are not given for chemical equations.
No additional tests for ions present should be attempted.
[6]
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
7
test
(c) To 1 cm depth of
solution in a boiling-tube,
add aqueous sodium
hydroxide drop-wise until it
is in excess;
observations with FA3
For
Examiner's
Use
observations with FA4
then
add a piece of aluminium
foil and warm the tube.
Care solutions containing
sodium hydroxide can
bump when heated and
eject the hot alkali from the
tube.
(d) To a 1cm depth of
solution in a test-tube, add
aqueous ammonia dropwise until it is in excess.
(e) To 3 cm depth of
2 cm depth of dilute
sulphuric acid.
(f) To 3 cm depth of
2 cm depth of aqueous
potassium chromate(VI);
then
add 2 cm depth of dilute
hydrochloric acid.
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07
[Turn over
8
(g) Explain how your observations identify and confirm the presence of barium ions in the
solution that contained the iodide ion.
[1]
The observations made with aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia should
have indicated either of two possible cations in the other solution.
Identify these cations; explain the observations and explain how other tests carried out
eliminate one of these cations.
[2]
(h) The test that indicates the presence of a nitrate would also give a positive result with
nitrite. Suggest a test to distinguish between these two ions. Do not carry out this test.
[1]
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
9
Qualitative Analysis Notes
Key: [ ppt. = precipitate. ]
1
Reactions of aqueous cations

reaction with
NaOH(aq)
NH3(aq)
white ppt.
white ppt.
Al (aq)
soluble in excess
insoluble in excess
ammonium,
ammonia produced on heating
aluminium,
3+
NH4 (aq)
no ppt. (if reagents are pure)
no ppt.
white ppt. with high [Ca2+(aq)]
no ppt.
grey-green ppt. soluble in excess
grey-green ppt.
Cr (aq)
giving dark green solution
insoluble in excess
copper(II),
pale blue ppt.
barium,
2+
Ba (aq)
calcium,
2+
Ca (aq)
chromium(III),
3+
Cu (aq)
insoluble in excess
blue ppt. soluble in

excess
iron(II),
green ppt.
green ppt.
Fe (aq)
insoluble in excess
insoluble in excess
iron(III),
red-brown ppt.
red-brown ppt.
Fe (aq)
insoluble in excess
insoluble in excess
lead(II),
white ppt.
white ppt.
Pb (aq)
soluble in excess
insoluble in excess
magnesium,
white ppt.
white ppt.
Mg (aq)
insoluble in excess
insoluble in excess
manganese(II),
off-white ppt.
off-white ppt.
Mn (aq)
insoluble in excess
insoluble in excess
zinc,
white ppt.
white ppt.
soluble in excess
soluble in excess
2+
2+
3+
2+
2+
2+
2+
Zn (aq)
[Lead(II) ions can be distinguished from aluminium ions by the insolubility of lead(II) chloride.]
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07
[Turn over
10
2
Reactions of anions
ion
carbonate,
reaction
CO2 liberated by dilute acids
CO32chromate(VI),
yellow solution turns orange with H+(aq);
CrO42- (aq)
gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+(aq);

gives bright yellow ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
chloride,
gives white ppt. with Ag+(aq) (soluble in NH3(aq));
Cl - (aq)
gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
bromide,
gives cream ppt. with Ag+(aq) (partially soluble in NH3(aq));
Br- (aq)
gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
iodide,
gives yellow ppt. with Ag+(aq) (insoluble in NH3(aq));
I- (aq)
gives yellow ppt. with Pb2+(aq)
nitrate,
NH3 liberated on heating with OH-(aq) and Al foil
NO3- (aq)
nitrite,
NH3 liberated on heating with OH-(aq) and Al foil,
NO2- (aq)
NO liberated by dilute acids

(colourless NO (pale) brown NO2 in air)
sulphate,
gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) or with Pb2+(aq) (insoluble in

excess dilute strong acids)
SO42- (aq)
sulphite,
SO2 liberated with dilute acids;
SO32- (aq)
gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong

acids)
Tests for gases

gas
test and test result
ammonia, NH3
turns damp red litmus paper blue
carbon dioxide, CO2
gives a white ppt. with limewater

(ppt. dissolves with excess CO2)
chlorine, Cl2
bleaches damp litmus paper
hydrogen, H2
pops with a lighted splint
oxygen, O2
relights a glowing splint
sulphur dioxide, SO2
turns potassium dichromate(VI) (aq) from orange to green
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included,
the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07

9701/31
CHEMISTRY
Paper 31 Practical Test

SPECIMEN CONFIDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS
Great care should be taken to ensure that any information given does not reach the
candidates either directly or indirectly.

1
Access to the examination paper is not permitted before the examination.

Supervisors are asked to carry out any confirmatory tests included in these instructions to
ensure the materials supplied are appropriate.
The General Apparatus requirements and the Particular Requirements are printed separately. It is
especially important that the details on page 4 are kept secure.
Supervisors are advised to remind candidates that all substances in the examination should be
treated with caution. Only those tests described in the question paper should be attempted. Please
also see under General Apparatus on the use of pipette fillers and safety goggles.
In accordance with COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) Regulations, operative in
the UK, a hazard appraisal of the examination has been carried out.
Attention is drawn, in particular, to certain materials used in the examination. The following codes are
used where relevant.
C = corrosive substance
F = highly flammable substance
H = harmful or irritating substance
O = oxidising substance
T = toxic substance
The Supervisors attention is drawn to the form on page 7 which must be completed and
returned with the scripts.
If you have any problems or queries regarding these instructions, please contact CIE
by e-mail:
International@cie.org.uk
by phone:
+44 1223 553554
by fax:
+44 1223 553558
stating the Centre number, the nature of the query and the syllabus number quoted above.
This document consists of 8 printed pages.

UCLES 2006
[Turn over
2
Safety
The attention of Supervisors is drawn to any local regulations relating to safety and first-aid.
Hazard Data Sheets, relating to materials used in this examination, should be available from your
chemical supplier.
General Apparatus and Materials

1
In addition to the fittings and reagents ordinarily contained in a chemical laboratory, the apparatus
and materials specified below will be necessary.
Pipette fillers and safety goggles should be used where necessary.
It is assumed that common bench reagents and reagents/materials for testing gases listed in
the syllabus are available.
[H] 2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
[C] 2 mol dm-3 nitric acid
[H] 1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid
[C] 2 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide

[H] 2 mol dm-3 aqueous ammonia
[T] 0.1 mol dm-3 potassium chromate(VI)

wooden splints
red and blue litmus indicator papers
limewater (a saturated solution of calcium

hydroxide) and the associated apparatus
For each candidate

1 x plastic cup (expanded polystyrene/foamed plastic)
1 x 250 cm3 beaker (to support the plastic cup)
1 x 50 cm3 burette
1 x stand and burette clamp
1 x small funnel for filling burette
1 x 25 cm3 pipette
1 x pipette filler
1 x thermometer, -10 oC to 110 oC by 1 oC
6 test-tubes
1 boiling-tube
1 x test-tube rack
1 x Bunsen burner
1 x heat proof mat
2 x teat/squeeze pipettes
paper towels
Particular Requirements
1
As a possible aid to maintaining security, the descriptions of the particular chemicals required are
given under two headings:
(a) overall specifications are given on page 3;
(b) the actual identities are given on page 4.
Materials with an FA code number should be so labelled for the candidates benefit, without the
identities being included on the label - where appropriate, the identity of an FA coded chemical is
given in the question paper itself.
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07
3
Chemicals Required
1
The chemicals required per question are described in general terms below.
Where quantities are specified for each candidate, they are sufficient for the experiments described in
the question paper to be completed.
In preparing materials, the bulk quantity for each substance should be increased by 25% as
spare material should be available to cover accidental loss.
More material may be supplied if requested by candidates, without penalty.
The additional qualitative analysis reagents needed for Question 2 are identified on page 4.
For Question 1
[C]
50 cm3
Solution FA 1
FA 1 should be supplied in stoppered bottles or in beakers covered with cling-film or

gladwrap.
[H]
70 cm3
Solution FA 2
For Question 2
[H]
Solution FA 3
30 cm3
[T]
Solution FA 4
30 cm3
UCLES 2006
9700/31/SP07
[Turn over
4
Detailed Identities of Chemicals Required
1
It is especially important that great care is taken that the confidential information given below does
not reach the candidates either directly or indirectly.
The identities of the chemicals with an FA code number are as follows.

Question 1
[C]
FA 1 is 2.00 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH, containing 80.00 g dm-3 of NaOH.
This solution should be kept covered before and after issue to candidates to prevent absorption
of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
[H]
FA 2 is 0.75 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid, H2SO4. Prepare this solution by carefully adding 41.0 cm3
of concentrated (95%) sulphuric acid to distilled water and diluting the resulting solution to 1 dm3.
The concentration of FA 1 should be checked by titrating a 25.0 cm3 portion of FA 2 against
FA 1. Adjust the concentration of FA 2 to give a titre of 18.75 0.20 cm3.
It is essential that the FA 1 solution is kept securely stoppered until the time of the
examination to prevent absorption of carbon dioxide.
It should be issued to candidates just before the start of the examination see p3.
Solutions FA 1 and FA 2 should be prepared at least 24 hours before the examination and
allowed to stand in the laboratory to equalise their temperature.
[H]
FA 3 is 0.1 mol dm-3 aluminium nitrate containing 37.5 g of Al(NO3)3.9H2O in each dm3 of solution.
[T]
FA 4 contains 0.1 mol dm-3 barium chloride and 0.1 mol dm-3 potassium iodide. Dissolve 24.5 g
of BaCl2.2H2O and 16.6 g of KI in distilled water and make up to 1 dm3.
In addition to those listed on page 2, the qualitative analysis reagents specifically required are set out
below. If necessary, they may be made available from a communal supply: however, the attention of
the Invigilators should be drawn to the fact that such an arrangement may enhance the opportunity
for malpractice between candidates
aluminium foil
[C]
0.05 mol dm-3 silver nitrate, AgNO3, 8.5 g dm-3
[T]
0.10 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2, 33.0 g dm-3
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07
5
COLOUR BLINDNESS
With regard to colour-blindness a minor handicap, relatively common in males it is permissible
to advise candidates who request assistance on colours of, for example precipitates and solutions
(especially titration end-points). Please include with the scripts a note of the index numbers of
such candidates.
Experience suggests that candidates who are red/green colour-blind the most common form
do not generally have significant difficulty. Reporting such cases with the scripts removes the
need for a Special Consideration application for this handicap.
Accuracy of Solutions
1
All the solutions are to be labelled as shown and they should be bulked and mixed
thoroughly before use to ensure uniformity.
Every effort should be made to keep the concentrations accurate to within one part in
two hundred of those specified.
If the concentrations differ slightly from those specified, the Examiners will make the necessary
allowance. They should be informed of the exact concentrations.
It should also be noted that descriptions of solutions given in the question paper may not
correspond exactly with the specification in these Instructions. The candidates must assume
the descriptions given in the question paper.
In view of the difficulty of the preparation of large quantities of solution of uniform

concentration, it is recommended that the maximum number of candidates per group be 30
and that separate supplies of solutions be prepared for each group.
UCLES 2006
9700/31/SP07
[Turn over
6
Responsibilities of the Supervisor
(i)
The Supervisor, or other competent chemist must carry out the experiments in question 1 and
complete the table of readings on a spare copy of the question paper which should be labelled
Supervisors Results.
This should be done for:
each session held and each laboratory used in that session, and
each set of solutions supplied.
N.B. The question paper cover requests the candidate to fill in details of the examination
session and the laboratory used for the examination.
It is essential that each packet of scripts contains a copy of the applicable Supervisors
Results as the candidates work cannot be assessed accurately without such information.
(ii)
The Supervisor must complete the Report Form on page 7 to show which candidates attended
each session. If all candidates took the examination in one session, please indicate this on the
Report Form. A copy of the Report Form must accompany each copy of the Supervisors Results
in order for the candidates work to be assessed accurately.
(iii)
The Supervisor must give details on page 8 of any particular difficulties experienced by a
candidate, especially if the Examiner would be unable to discover this from the written answers.
Each envelope returned to Cambridge must contain the following items.

1
The scripts of those candidates specified on the bar code label provided.
A copy of the Supervisors Report relevant to the candidates in 1.
A copy of the Report Form, including details of any difficulties experienced by candidates (see pages
7 and 8).
The Attendance Register.
A Seating Plan for each session/laboratory.
Failure to provide appropriate documentation in each envelope may cause candidates to be

penalised.
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07
7
9701/3
REPORT FORM
This form must be completed and sent to the Examiner in the envelope with the scripts.
Centre Number Name of Centre
1
Supervisors Results
Please submit details of the readings obtained in Question 1 on a spare copy of the question
paper clearly marked Supervisors Results and showing the Centre number and
appropriate session/laboratory number.
The index numbers of candidates attending each session were:
First Session
Second Session
The Supervisor is required to give details overleaf of any difficulties experienced by particular
candidates, giving names and index numbers. These should include reference to:
(a) any general difficulties encountered in making preparation;
(b) difficulties due to faulty apparatus or materials;
(c) accidents with apparatus or materials;
(d) assistance with respect to colour-blindness.
Other cases of hardship, e.g. illness, temporary disability, should be reported direct to CIE on the
normal Application for Special Consideration form.
A plan of work benches, giving details by index numbers of the places occupied by the
candidates for each experiment for each session, must be enclosed with the scripts.
UCLES 2006
9700/31/SP07
[Turn over
8
Report on any difficulties experienced by candidates.
UCLES 2006
9701/31/SP07
Name
ap
eP
e
tr
.X
Candidate Number
Centre Number
om
.c
CHEMISTRY
s
er

9701/04
Paper 4 Structured Questions

SPECIMEN PAPER
1 hour 45 minutes
.
Additional Materials: Data Booklet

Section A
Section B
You may lose marks if you do not show your workings or if you do not use appropriate units.
This document consists of 17 printed pages and 1 blank page.

UCLES 2006
[Turn over
For
Examiner's
Use
Section A
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1
Bromine can react with methanoic acid according to the following equation.
Br2(aq) +
HCO2H(aq)
2Br-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + CO2(g)
(a) (i) What maximum volume of gas, measured at r.t.p., would be produced by reacting
3.2 g of bromine?
(ii) Suggest how the rate of the reaction might be followed.
[5]
(b) The graph opposite contains information about this reaction.
(i) What evidence is there to suggest that this reaction is first order with respect to
bromine?
(ii) Write a simple equation relating the rate of reaction to the concentration of bromine
under these conditions.
(iii) Calculate the half-life of this reaction.
[5]
[Total : 10]
SP/QP/9701/04
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
[Turn over
4
2
For
Examiner's
Use
(a) Define the standard enthalpy change of formation of a compound.
[2]
The standard enthalpy change of formation of SiCl4(g) is 610 kJ mol-1.
The standard enthalpy changes of atomisation of the elements silicon and chlorine are
+338 and +122 kJ mol-1 of atoms respectively.
(b) Use these values to construct an energy cycle to show the formation of SiCl4(g).
[2]
(c) (i) Hence calculate the average bond energy of the Si-Cl bond from these data.
(ii) Suggest why the calculated value is different from the value given in the Data
Booklet.
[2]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
5
(d) Pure silicon is made by reducing SiCl3H with hydrogen at a high temperature.
(i) Construct a balanced equation for this reaction.
(ii) The bond energy of the Si-Br bond is 298 kJ mol-1. Use this value, and other bond
energy values given in the Data Booklet to suggest whether the reaction between
SiBr3H and hydrogen would be more or less endothermic than the reaction
between SiCl3H and hydrogen.
(iii) State a use of pure silicon.
[4]
[Total : 10]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
[Turn over
6
3
Agricultural lime is manufactured from limestone (calcium carbonate) by first heating the
rock to a high temperature in a lime kiln. The product is allowed to cool and a calculated
amount of water is added. A highly exothermic reaction takes place and a white powder
called slaked lime is produced.
(a) Write balanced equations for these two reactions.
[2]
(b) Give two reasons why lime is used in agriculture.
[2]
(c) How does the temperature required to decompose the carbonates of Group II elements
vary down the group, and why is this so?
[3]
(d) The mineral dolomite is a double carbonate of magnesium and calcium, with the
formula CaMg(CO3)2. When 1.000 g of an impure sample of dolomite was completely
dissolved in an excess of hydrochloric acid, 0.450 g of carbon dioxide was given off.
(i) Write a balanced equation for the reaction.
(ii) Calculate the percentage purity of the dolomite.
[3]
[Total : 10]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
For
Examiner's
Use
7
4
(a) State the electronic configurations of

(i)
the Cu atom,
(ii)
the Cu+ ion,
(iii)
the Cu2+ ion.

[2]
(b) Explain the origin of colour in transition metal compounds, and use your explanation to
suggest why copper(I) chloride is white, whereas copper(II) chloride is blue.
[4]
(c) (i) Write equations to show the reactions that occur when dilute ammonia solution is
slowly added to a solution of CuCl2 until the ammonia is in excess.
(ii) What type of chemical reaction is occurring? Explain your answer.
[4]
[Total: 10]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
[Turn over
8
5
The elements in Group VII show trends in a number of their physical and chemical
properties.
(a) Explain the trend in boiling points of the elements as shown.
element
boiling point/oC
chlorine
-35
bromine
+59
iodine
+184
[2]
(b) There are also clear trends in both the H-X bond energy and the E values for the cell
X2(aq)/X -(aq), where X = Cl, Br, I.
Use relevant data from the Data Booklet to describe and explain each of the following.
Give an equation for each reaction that occurs.
(i) The reactions of the halide ions with concentrated sulphuric acid.
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
For
Examiner's
Use
9
(ii) The action of heat on the hydrogen halides.
[8]
[Total : 10]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
[Turn over
10
6
For
Examiner's
Use
An organic compound, A, has the composition by mass C, 40.0%; H, 6.65%; O, 53.3%.

(a) Show that the empirical formula of A is CH2O.
[1]
(b) A shows the following properties or reactions. State what can be deduced about A from
each of these.
(i) It is optically active.
(ii) It gives a brisk effervescence with aqueous sodium carbonate.
(iii) It gives a yellow precipitate when warmed with alkaline aqueous iodine.
[3]
(c) Suggest an identity for A and draw its displayed formula.
[1]
(d) Give the displayed formula of the organic product formed when A is warmed with
acidified potassium dichromate(VI).
[1]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
11
(e) When A is warmed with concentrated sulphuric acid, a cyclic compound of molecular
formula C6H8O4 can be isolated.
Suggest a displayed formula for this cyclic compound, and state what functional group
is present in the molecule.
[2]
(f) A has a non optically active isomer, B. Under the reaction conditions described in (e),
compound B produces compound C, C3H4O2. Suggest a structure for C.
[2]
[Total : 10]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
[Turn over
12
7
For
Examiner's
Use
Aspartame is a synthetic sweetening agent that is 180 times as sweet as sugar.

H2N CH CO NH CH CO2 CH3
CH2
CH2
C6H5
CO2H
aspartame
(a) (i) Name four different functional groups in the aspartame molecule.
1
(ii) Identify two functional groups in aspartame which contribute to its solubility in
water. Give a reason for your answer.
Reason
[4]
(b) (i) Suggest conditions and reagents that could be used to hydrolyse aspartame into
its constituent parts.
(ii) Draw the structural formulae of all of the organic molecules obtained by
hydrolysing aspartame.
[5]
(c) Suggest why aspartame is not used as a sweetening agent in baked products.
[1]
[Total : 10]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
13
Section B Applications of Chemistry
Answer all the question in the spaces provided.
8
(a) Explain how protein synthesis occurs in cells, including in your answer the role of
ribosomes.
[6]
(b) Explain why the enzyme lysozyme, which consists of 129 amino acid residues, requires
a triplet code of 393 bases.
[2]
(c) (i) Name a disease brought about by a mutation in the DNA of the individual.
(ii)
Give a symptom of the disease.
[2]
[Total : 10]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
[Turn over
14
9
For
Examiner's
Use
(a) An aromatic compound D, of Mr 122, is a possible sex attractant for insects. It has the
following composition by mass: C, 78.7%; H, 8.2%; O, 13.1%.
What is the molecular formula of D?
[3]
(b) The NMR spectrum of D is shown below.
Identify the parts of the molecule responsible for each group of peaks. Use your
answer to deduce a structure for D, explaining your reasoning.
[5]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
15
(c) Explain what effect you would expect the addition of a small amount of D2O to have on
the NMR spectrum of D.
[2]
(d) An isomer of D shows no effect on the NMR spectrum on adding D2O.
Draw the structure of the isomer and suggest how its NMR spectrum would differ from
that of D.
[3]
[Total : 13]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
[Turn over
16
For
Examiner's
Use
10 Read the passage about the production of ethanol for fuel, and then answer the questions.
Sugar cane is the worlds largest source of fermentation ethanol. Ethanol can be produced
by converting the starch content of biomass feedstocks, such as sugar cane, into alcohol.
Yeast is used to break down the complex sugars of starch into simpler sugars, which are
fermented to form ethanol. A further advantage is that bagasse, the remains of the cane
after the sugar is extracted, and the tops and leaves of the sugar cane can be used as a
fuel for electricity production. An efficient ethanol distillery using sugar cane by-products
can therefore be self-sufficient and also generate a surplus of electricity.
There is a second process that utilises biomass feedstocks to produce ethanol. The main
carbohydrate constituent of these feedstocks is cellulose, which, like starch, is a sugar
polymer that can be broken down by hydrolysis into simpler sugars. The new process uses
enzymatic hydrolysis or acid hydrolysis of cellulose to produce simple sugars for
fermentation.
The use of bagasse as the cellulose source in the new process could allow off-season
production of ethanol with very little new equipment. This process is relatively new and is
not yet commercially available, but potentially can use a much wider variety of abundant,
inexpensive feedstocks. Alcohol fuels have been developed in a number of African
countries Kenya, Malawi, South Africa and Zimbabwe currently producing sugar, with
others, including Mauritius, Swaziland and Zambia also having great potential.
Ethanol has different chemical properties from gasoline. Although one litre of ethanol has
about two-thirds of the energy of a litre of gasoline, tuning the engine for ethanol can make
up as much as half the difference. Furthermore, should there be a spill, ethanol can be
dealt with more quickly and easily than gasoline.
Using ethanol even in low-level blends (e.g. E10 which is 10% ethanol, 90% gasoline)
can have environmental benefits. Tests show that E10 produces less carbon monoxide,
sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide than gasoline. Higher blends (E85 15% gasoline), or
even neat ethanol burn with less of almost all these pollutants.
(a) Explain two ways in which bagasse can be used to reduce the cost of ethanol
production.
(i)
(ii)
[2]
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
17
(b) In addition to ethanol, what other product is formed in the fermentation of sugars by
yeast?
[1]
(c) Suggest an equation to show the hydrolysis of cellulose in bagasse to form fermentable
sugars with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
[1]
(d) Using your knowledge of chemical bonding, suggest why a spill of ethanol is more
easily dealt with than a spill of gasoline.
[3]
[Total : 7]
UCLES 2006
9701/4/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
18
BLANK PAGE
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
UCLES 2006
9701/04/SP07
w
ap
eP
e
tr
.X
GCE A LEVEL
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK: 100
SYLLABUS/COMPONENT: 9701/04
CHEMISTRY
PRACTICAL
om
.c
Specimen for 2007
s
er
Mark Scheme
GCE A LEVEL 2007
Page 2
Syllabus
9701
Paper
4
Section A
1
(a) (i) 2 x 80g of Br2 produce 24 dm3 of CO2

Thus 3.2 g of Br2 will produce
3.2 x 24
= 0.48 dm3
2 x 80
(ii) Colorimetrically : withdraw samples periodically

measure absorbance
plot absorbance against time
OR
Iodometrically : oxidising I- to I2
by Br2
titrating with thiosulphate
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(Allow titration of H+ or evolution of CO2 if some mention of solubility.)

[5]
(b) (i) Reaction has a constant half-life
evidence from graph that t(1/2) is constant
(1)
(1)
(ii) Rate = [Br2]
(1)
(iii) At least two measurements of half-life from first graph

Calculation of mean (say 200 secs)
(1)
(1)
[5]
Total :10
(a) The standard enthalpy change of formation of a compound is the enthalpy

change when one mole of a compound is formed (under standard conditions) (1)
from its elements in their standard states.
(1)
[2]
(b) Suitable cycle clearly labelled showing all three values
[2]
(c) (i) 298 kJ mol-1

(ii) In Data Booklet Si-Cl bond energy is 210 kJ mol-1.
SiCl4 is not a gas under standard conditions
(1)
(1)
[2]
(d) (i) SiCl3H + H2 Si + 3HCl
(1)
(ii) From the Data Booklet, ESi-Cl = 359, EH-Cl = 431, EH-Br = 366 kJ mol-1
Per Si-hal bond, for SiCl3H, H= 359 - 431 = -72, for SiBr3H, H = 298 - 366 = -68 (1)
therefore the reaction with SiBr3H will be less exothermic i.e. overall reaction would
be more endothermic
(1)
OR Hreaction: for SiCl3H, Hreaction = + 96, and for SiBr3H, Hreaction = +108
(1)
therefore overall reaction is more endothermic
(1)
(iii) Manufacture of semiconductors (or equivalent)
(1)
[4]
Total : 10
University of Cambridge International Examinations 2006
Mark Scheme
GCE A LEVEL 2007
Page 3
(a) CaCO3
Syllabus
9701
CaO + CO2
Paper
4
(1)
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2
(1)
[2]
(b) To neutralise acid soils

To improve soil quality by precipitating clays (or equivalent)
(1)
(1)
[2]
(c) The temperature increases

As the Group is descended, the cation increases in size
Thus ability of the cation to polarise the anion decreases, increasing
the stability of the carbonate.
(1)
(1)
(1)
[3]
(d) (i) CaMg(CO3)2 + 4HCl CaCl2 + MgCl2 + 2CO2 + 2H2O

(ii) Mr of dolomite is 40 + 24 + (2 x 60) = 184
(1)
(1)
184 g of dolomite should produce 2 x 44 g of CO2

Hence 1 g of dolomite should give
% purity of the dolomite is
88
g of CO2 = 0.478 g
184
0.450 x 100
= 94.1%
0.478
(1)
[3]
Total : 10
(a) (i) [Ar] 3d10 4s1

(ii) [Ar] 3d10
(iii) [Ar] 3d9
[2]
(b) Any four of the following points:

colour due to absorption of certain visible frequencies
d-orbitals are split into two groups by presence of ligands
light absorbed when e- moves from lower to higher orbital
this needs a gap in the higher orbital, so d10 in Cu(I) is not coloured
if CuCl2 is blue, then photons absorbed must be red ones
(c) (i) [Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H2O
(NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH-)
[Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2OH- + 4H2O
(or [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2 ]2+ )
(ii) These are ligand exchange reactions.
H2O is exchanged for OH-, and H2O and OH- are exchanged for NH3.
[4]
(2)
(2)
[4]
[Total : 10]
Mark Scheme
GCE A LEVEL 2007
Page 4
(a)
Syllabus
9701
Van der Waals forces increase with the number of electrons present
Since this allows larger dipoles and hence stronger attractive forces
Paper
4
(1)
(1)
[2]
(b) (i) Description of Cl-, Br-, and I- with conc sulphuric acid
Use of Eo
3 x (1)
(1)
(ii) Description of HCl, HBr and HI

Use of Eo
3 x (1)
(1)
[8]
Total : 10
(a)
element
Ar
% / Ar
ratio
40.0
12
3.33
6.65
6.65
53.3
16
3.33
1
[1]
(b) (i) It contains an asymmetric carbon atom
(1)
(ii) It contains a carboxylic acid group
(1)
(iii) It contains a CH3CH(OH)- or CH3CO- group
(1)
[3]
(c) Displayed formula of 2-hydroxypropanoic acid
[1]
(d) Displayed formula of the ketone of the above
[1]
(e) Displayed formula of the cyclic di-ester

Ester
(1)
(1)
(f) Displayed formula of 3-hydroxypropanoic acid

Compound C is CH=CHCO2H
(1)
(1)
[2]
[2]
Total : 10
Mark Scheme
GCE A LEVEL 2007
Page 5
(a) (i) 1. amine
Syllabus
9701
Paper
4
2. carboxylic acid
3. amide
4. ester
(ii) 1. amine
2. carboxylic acid
Both can form ions (both polar groups) by gain or loss of a
proton from water
or form hydrogen bonds with water
(b) (i) Allow conc. HCl and heat or conc. NaOH and heat
(ii) Diagrams of aspartic acid, phenylalanine and methanol
(2)
(1)
(1)
[4]
2 x (1)
3 x (1)
(c) It could be decomposed/hydrolysed during cooking
[5]
[1]
Total :10
Section B
8
(a) 6 points from the following :
2 strands of DNA separate

mRNA reads the code/base sequence on the DNA
mRNA moves out of the nucleus
mRNA binds to the ribosome
tRNA binds to amino acids
amino acids are transferred to ribosome and joined to growing chain
until Stop codon is reached
(b) Each amino acid needs 3 bases to code for it

3 x 129 = 387, which leaves 3 bases to code for Start and 3 for Stop
(c) (i) A variety of answers possible e.g.
sickle cell disease
thallassemia
cystic fibrosis
haemophilia etc.
(ii) A suitable symptom e.g.
Deformed red blood cells
Restricts production of haemoglobin
Mucous lining of lungs thickens
Poor clotting of blood/bleeding under the skin
[6]
(1)
(1)
[2]
(1)
(1)
[2]
Total : 10
Mark Scheme
GCE A LEVEL 2007
Page 6
(a)
C
H
O
%/Ar
Ratio
78.7
8.2
13.1
6.56
8.2
0.82
8
10
1
)
) (1)
)
Syllabus
9701
Empirical formula
C8 H10O
Mr = 122, hence this molecular formula

Molecular formula is C8H10O
(1)
(1)
(b) 1.2
- CH3
(1)
2.5
- CH2
(1)
5.5
- OH
(1)
6.8 aryl hydrogens x 4
Paper
4
[3]
(1)
Hence structure is
CH3CH2-
-OH
(1)
(or ethyl phenol isomers)
[5]
(c) Peak at 5.5 would disappear

Due to rapid exchange with D+ which does not absorb here
(1)
(1)
[2]
(d)
CH3OCH2 -
or isomers
Two sensible suggestions
(1)
(2)
[3]
Total : 12
10 (a) Can be used as a fuel (for generating electricity)

Can be hydrolysed (using acid or enzymes) and the sugars fermented
(1)
(1)
[2]
(b) Carbon dioxide
[1]
(c) (C6H10O5)n + nH2O nC6H12O6
[1]
(d) Ethanol has an OH group and so can be washed away

Gasoline is a hydrocarbon and is not soluble in water
Gasoline requires detergent which can add to the pollution
Ethanol is biodegradable
(any 3)
[3]
Total : 7
Name
ap
eP
e
tr
.X
Candidate Number
Centre Number
om
.c
s
er

9701/05
CHEMISTRY
Paper 5 Planning, analysis and evaluation

SPECIMEN PAPER
1 hour 15 minutes
.

You are advised to show all working in calculations.
Use of Data Booklet is unnecessary.
For Examiners Use

1
2
TOTAL
This document consists of 9 printed pages and 1 blank page.

UCLES 2006
[Turn over
2
1
Hydrochloric acid reacts with solid calcium carbonate in the form of marble chips. The
products of the reaction are aqueous calcium chloride, carbon dioxide gas and water.
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
You are to plan an investigation to find how changes in one variable affect the rate of
reaction.
(a) (i) The concentration of the hydrochloric acid is one independent variable that could
be investigated. Identify two other independent variables that could be
investigated.
[2]
(ii) Identify a dependent variable that you could measure to follow the rate of reaction.
[1]
(b) Propose a hypothesis that can be tested experimentally and that links the rate of
reaction and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid.
[1]
(c) Design a laboratory experiment that you would use to investigate your hypothesis. You
should draw a labelled diagram showing the arrangement of your apparatus. Your plan
should include the following.
(i) a step-by-step description of the procedure you would follow
(ii) how you would measure the independent variable
(iii) how you would vary the independent variable and how you will ensure accuracy in
your results
(iv) how you would control the other two variables that you identified in part (a)
(v) any safety precautions that you would take
(vi) appropriate quantities (masses, volumes, concentrations) to use in the experiment
[Ar: Ca, 40.1; C, 12.0; O, 16.0]
Concentrated hydrochloric acid, a corrosive liquid, has an approximate
concentration of 11 mol dm-3.
UCLES 2006
9701/05/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
For
Examiner's
Use
Labelled diagram
Plan
[8]
UCLES 2006
9701/05/SP07
[Turn over
4
(d) Prepare a table showing all of the data you wish to record in the experiment and any
columns for processing the data recorded. Explain how you will use the data to confirm
or reject the hypothesis proposed in (b).
[3]
[Total : 15]
UCLES 2006
9701/05/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
5
2
For
Examiner's
Use
A student makes the following prediction.

The amount of carbon dioxide evolved when a metal carbonate, X2CO3, reacts with an
excess of an acid is directly proportional to the moles/mass of the carbonate used.
If this statement is true the relative molecular mass of X2CO3 can be determined by the
following simple experiment.
The mass of a weighing bottle + X2CO3 is measured.

50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid (an excess) is transferred from a measuring
cylinder to a 250 cm3 conical flask.
Sodium carbonate is added to the acid in the flask to saturate the acid with carbon
dioxide so that none of the gas given off when X2CO3 reacts with the acid will dissolve in
the acid.
A cotton wool plug is placed in the neck of the flask and the flask + acid is weighed.
The weighed X2CO3 is added to the acid in the flask and the cotton wool plug quickly
replaced in the neck of the flask to prevent any loss of acid spray.
The empty weighing bottle is weighed.
When reaction in the flask has stopped, the flask is left for 10 minutes to allow carbon
dioxide to diffuse from the flask.
The flask and its contents after the reaction are weighed.
The results from a group of students are given in the table overleaf.
UCLES 2006
9701/05/SP07
[Turn over
mass of
weighing
bottle +
X2CO3
/g
mass of
empty
weighing
bottle
mass of
flask +
acid
before
the
reaction
/g
mass of
flask +
solution
after
the
reaction
/g
/g
For
Examiner's
Use
14.29
11.48
221.35
223.21
16.41
11.76
209.71
212.91
12.24
11.34
210.45
210.97
16.77
11.27
214.38
217.80
16.48
10.68
211.63
215.59
14.85
11.15
217.18
219.68
13.81
11.61
212.12
213.76
18.81
11.06
218.65
224.25
16.18
10.94
206.77
210.31
17.93
11.53
221.49
225.84
14.49
11.09
217.18
219.68
18.19
10.87
215.33
220.31
(a) Use the additional columns of the table to record calculated values that will enable you
to determine Mr for X2CO3 graphically. You may use some or all of the columns. Label
the columns you use, including the units and an equation to show how the value is
calculated. You may use the column headings A to H in these equations e.g. = C - B.
(Remember that the gas is lost from the flask after the weighed carbonate is added to
the weighed acid.)
[2]
UCLES 2006
9701/05/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
(b) Present the data calculated in (a) in graphical form. Draw the line of best-fit.
[4]
UCLES 2006
9701/05/SP07
[Turn over
8
(c) Circle any anomalous points on the graph that you did not use when drawing the best-fit
line. By reference to the description of the experiment, suggest an explanation for any
anomaly.
[2]
(d) Identify any part of the range of readings where the data appears to be less reliable
and suggest why this should be the case.
[1]
(e) Use data obtained from the best-fit line you have drawn to calculate Mr for X2CO3.
X2CO3(s) + 2H+(aq) 2X+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
The Mr of X2CO3 is
[2]
UCLES 2006
9701/05/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
9
(f) By considering the data you have processed and the graph you have drawn, explain
whether the experimental data supports the initial prediction and whether the
experimental procedure described is suitable for the determination of Mr.
[2]
(g) Suggest an improvement to the experimental procedure that has been described.
[1]
(h) Use your knowledge of acid-base chemistry to describe a more appropriate way by
which the Mr of a metal carbonate might be determined.
[1]
[Total : 15]
UCLES 2006
9701/05/SP07
For
Examiner's
Use
10
BLANK PAGE
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included,
the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
UCLES 2006
9701/05/SP07

SP 2007 (3-5)

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

SP 2007 (3-5)

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Name

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

For Examination from 2007

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

For Examiners Use

This document consists of 10 printed pages.

FA 1 is 2.00 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH.

number of additions of H2SO4

(d) Plot a graph of T against volume of FA 2 added.

The lines intersect at

From this test, solution FA . contains the iodide ion.

observations with FA3

observations with FA4

Reactions of aqueous cations

ammonia produced on heating

white ppt. with high [Ca2+(aq)]

grey-green ppt. soluble in excess

giving dark green solution

pale blue ppt.

blue ppt. soluble in

yellow solution turns orange with H+(aq);

gives yellow ppt. with Ba2+(aq);

gives white ppt. with Ag+(aq) (soluble in NH3(aq));

gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)

gives cream ppt. with Ag+(aq) (partially soluble in NH3(aq));

gives white ppt. with Pb2+(aq)

gives yellow ppt. with Ag+(aq) (insoluble in NH3(aq));

gives yellow ppt. with Pb2+(aq)

NH3 liberated on heating with OH-(aq) and Al foil

NH3 liberated on heating with OH-(aq) and Al foil,

NO liberated by dilute acids

gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) or with Pb2+(aq) (insoluble in

SO2 liberated with dilute acids;

gives white ppt. with Ba2+(aq) (soluble in excess dilute strong

Tests for gases

test and test result

turns damp red litmus paper blue

carbon dioxide, CO2

gives a white ppt. with limewater

bleaches damp litmus paper

pops with a lighted splint

relights a glowing splint

sulphur dioxide, SO2

turns potassium dichromate(VI) (aq) from orange to green

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

For Examination from 2007

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Access to the examination paper is not permitted before the examination.

F = highly flammable substance

H = harmful or irritating substance

This document consists of 8 printed pages.

General Apparatus and Materials

Pipette fillers and safety goggles should be used where necessary.

[C] 2 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide

[T] 0.1 mol dm-3 potassium chromate(VI)

limewater (a saturated solution of calcium

For each candidate

FA 1 should be supplied in stoppered bottles or in beakers covered with cling-film or

The identities of the chemicals with an FA code number are as follows.

0.05 mol dm-3 silver nitrate, AgNO3, 8.5 g dm-3

0.10 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2, 33.0 g dm-3

In view of the difficulty of the preparation of large quantities of solution of uniform

Each envelope returned to Cambridge must contain the following items.