ECH 3112 PRO

LAB INSTRUCTION 7
LECTURER: DR. SYAFIIE SYAM

PREPARED BY:
SYAZWANI BINTI SAROHE (171935)
NOR SHAHIRA BINTI MALIKI (174825)
Summary

Reference

Introduction

Vojtesek, J., &Dostal, P. (n.d.). Nonlinear

versus Ordinary Adaptive Control of
Continuous Stirred-Tank
Reactor.
Retrieved November 25,
2015, from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m
c
/articles/PMC4539502/

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control is

the most common control algorithm used in
industry and has been universally accepted in
industrial control. The popularity of PID controllers
can be attributed partly to their robust
performance in a wide range of operating
conditions and partly to their functional simplicity,
which allows engineers to operate them in a
simple,
straightforward
manner.
As the name suggests, PID algorithm consists of
three basic coefficients; proportional, integral and
derivative which are varied to get optimal
response.

Result & Discusion

4.5
0.368

RCA

du/dt

TD1

Derivative

9.2627

du/dt

TD2

Derivative1

P j , T and
Dj

D1

D2
Qc

0.1

RTr

1. In the Simulink Editor, model are created

by search blocks that suitable by referring
the equation given from the Simulink
Library Browser such as math operation,
integrator (processes the input signal),
sources, scope (visualizes the signals)
and etc.
2. The model was built by dragging blocks
from the Simulink Browser window to the
Simulink Editor window.
3. The simulation parameters are defined
and simulate by clicking the run simulation
button.
4. After simulating a model, the simulations
results are viewed in a Scope window.

Scope

P1
0.0001

390

Methodology

CA

qr

0.1

Problem statement

5. The block chosen for

Integrator

T1
4.5

Display 4.5

1/s

Tr

P2

Scope1

1/s

T2

Integrator 1

Subsystem 6

391.1
Display 1390

Figure 1: Simulink Editor

5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2

T ij

1.5
1

are slider gain.

6. Integrator and differentiator block is
chosen.
7. To study the disturbance effect, a step
change block is chosen.
8. The parameters of RCA and RTr are
remained constant. The model of CSTR is
simulated.

0.5
0

20

40

60

80

Figure 2: CA

100

120

140

160

180

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Figure 3. Tr
The behaviour of CA and Tr when PID
controller is used is shown in Figure 2 and
Figure 3 respectively. The Ti and Pi are
chosen in the previous laboratory so that
the error is minimised. In this laboratory, a
disturbance is added to the system. Two
disturbance variables are introduced
which are D1 and D2. Specifically, step
change is used for both disturbance and
the final values are 0.1 and 5 for D1 and
D2 respectively. While the time of
disturbance occurs are at 15 s and 25 s
respectively. The CSTR behaviour is
simulated for given data until t = 50s.
Figure 2 show that the fixed variable
achieves the set point at 25th second.
However, the disturbance that occurs at
the 15th second causes deviation on the
fixed variable away from the set point.
After a while, the system is nearly stable
again. Figure 3 show the fixed variable
achieves the set point at 57th second.
However, the same phenomena happen
for Tr. At 25th second, the fixed variable
deviates and in becomes stable again
after a few seconds.