Mapping

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Structural Department - Year 1

(Planimetric Surveying 1)

SCM 221

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Basic map

Mapping

Map Title

Map no.

Key Map

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Mapping

Information Table
Project

Owner

Surveying Works

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Map title

Map No.

Scale

Date

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Mapping

Computer Advantage in drawing maps

1- No deformation in storage
2- Easy to store
3- Easy to duplicate and plot
4- Any modification can be done easily
5- Choosing the appropriate scale

6- Faster than manual methods

7- Any accuracy required

8- Less required time for production

9- Deals with coordinates
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Mapping

Map Classification

A) According to purpose
1- Detail Maps (all natural and artificial features)
2- Cadastral Maps (land ownership boundaries)
3- Engineering Maps (design and construction)
4- Topographic Maps
5- Geological Maps

(terrain mapping)

(soil and surface rocks)

6- Geodetic Maps (taking Earths curvature into consideration)

7- Metrological Maps

(temperature, wind and humidity)

8- Tourism Maps (leisure, museums, shopping, directions)

9- Marine Maps
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

(water depth)

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Map Classification

Mapping

B) According to material
1- Paper Map
2- Water Proof & Thermal Map

3- Transparent Map

C) According to color
1- Black and White
2- Colored

D) According to size
Ao, A1, A2, A3, A4, Ao Special roles
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Scale

Mapping
E) According to scale
1- Large Scale

1:100, 1:250, 1:500 (Detail Maps)

2- Medium Scale

1:1000 (City Maps), 1:2500 (Cadastral Maps),

1:5000 (Base Maps)

3- Small Scale

1:10000, 1:25000, 1:50000, 1:100000,

1:500000, 1:1000000 (Geodetic & Topographic Maps)

Factors affecting choice of map scale

1- Purpose of map
2- Importance of project
3- Required accuracy
4- Size of map sheet
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Mapping

North Directions

Has to be drawn on any map for orientation

1- Geographic (True) North
Tangent to the meridian passing by the
point towards North Pole

2- Magnetic North
It is the direction pointed by the
magnetic needle of the compass
- Changes from one point to another
- Affected by any magnetic field

- True North Magnetic North = Magnetic Declination

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Mapping

North Directions

3- Grid North
- As tangent to meridians are not parallel, then North
directions are not parallel
- Use only one North for the whole surveyed area which
is the tangent to the mean meridian of surveyed area

4- Arbitrary (Assumed) North

Assumed in any direction
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Map Arrangement

Mapping

If no. of maps (n) > 1

Maps are arranged:

Numerical
1

Alphabetical
A

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Alpha-numeric

(1<n<10)

A-1
B-1

A-2
B-2

A-3
B-3

C-1

C-2

C-3

(10<n<26)

Lecture 3

Any no. of maps

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

Basic Definitions

Mapping

Scale:
Is the ratio between a length on map to its corresponding
length in field

Types of Scales
Numerical e.g. 1:1000

Graphical
Linear

Net

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

Easy but needs

calculations

Very low accuracy

when maps Shrinks
and elongates

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

10

Trial

Mapping

First: a ruler was designed and drawn on map

Say Scale 1:500
0

10

15

20

25

30

MUST be 1cm
- No calculations needed
Do not scale
- Shrinks and elongates with the map and
faces the same conditions
- Low accuracy
Here minimum reading = 5m
Error = 5m
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

11

Linear Scale

Mapping

Design a linear graphical scale 1:500 with accuracy 1m.

Show a reading 13m on this scale (10+3)
No. of divisions =

Main accuracy

= 5m = 5 divisions

Required accuracy

1m

13

54321 0

10

Minimum reading = required accuracy

- No calculations needed

15

20

25

Optional

MUST be 1cm
Do not scale

- Higher accuracy than ruler but to a certain limit

- Overcome Shrinkage and Elongation

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

12

Mapping

Measuring distances on a map

Show how to use this scale to

measure a distance on map?
using divider
3

Distance on map

54321 0

10

15

20

25

Distance =13.4m
Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

13

Net (Diagonal) Scale

Mapping

Design a net graphical scale 1:500 with accuracy 0.25m.

Show a reading 12.75m on this scale (10+2+0.75)
No. of divisions =
1
0.75

Main accuracy
Required accuracy

= 5m = 20 divisions
0.25m
10 Hz x 2 VL

12.75

0.5

0.25

2 Hz x 10 VL

Min on Hz scale = Max on VL scale

Complete whole scale

4 Hz x 5 VL

5 Hz x 4 VL

Minimum reading = Required accuracy

Preferred Hz div VL div.
High accuracy

5 4321 0

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

10

15

20

25

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

MUST
be 1cm
14

Mapping

Measuring distances on a map

6

Show how to use this scale to 1

5
measure
a distance on map? using divider
1
4
0.75
3

Distance on map

0.5
0.25
0

54321 0

Distance =13.75m

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

10

15

20

25

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

15

Notes

Mapping

Design a linear graphical scale 1:250 with accuracy 1m.

No. of divisions =
No. of divisions =

Main accuracy
Required accuracy
Main accuracy

= 2.5m = 2.5 divisions

1m
= 5m = 5 divisions

Required accuracy
Instead of 1cm

54321 0

1m

2.5m make 2cm

10

MUST be 2cm
instead of 1cm

5m

15

20

25

- Max no. of Hz divisions = 10

- Scale could be with any NO. and any ACCURACY e.g. 1:25000 with accuracy 10m
- No need to mention linear or net, accuracy will determine scale used based on no.
of divisions

- Nowadays this is done using AutoCAD not manual

Dr Ahmed Ragheb

Lecture 3

SCM 221 Planimetric Surveying 1

16