CORPORAT

E
GOVERNAN
CE

Galang, Mary Anne A.

Galura, Joanna Mae S.
Namocatcat, Lora Marie S.
Teoco, John Vincent
I.

CODE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Pursuant to its mandate under the Securities Regulation Code and the
Corporation Code, the Securities and Exchange Commission, in a meeting
held on June 18, 2009, approved the promulgation of this Revised Code of
Corporate Governance which shall apply to registered corporations and to
branches or subsidiaries of foreign corporations operating in the
Philippines that (a) sell equity and/or debt securities to the public that are
required to be registered with the Commission, or (b) have assets in
excess of Fifty Million Pesos and at least two hundred (200) stockholders
who own at least one hundred (100) shares each of equity securities, or
(c) whose equity securities are listed on an Exchange; or (d) are grantees
of secondary licenses from the Commission.

Board Governance
A) Composition of the Board
The Board shall be composed of at least five (5), but not more than fifteen
(15), members who are elected by the stockholders. All companies
covered by this Code shall have at least two (2) independent directors or
such number of independent directors that constitutes twenty percent
(20%) of the members of the Board, whichever is lesser, but in no case
less than two (2). All other companies are encouraged to have
independent directors in their boards.
B) The Chair and Chief Executive Officer
The roles of Chair and CEO should, as much as practicable, be separate to
foster an appropriate balance of power, increased accountability and
better capacity for independent decision-making by the Board. A clear
delineation of functions should be made between the Chair and CEO upon
their election.

The duties and responsibilities of the Chair in relation to the Board may
include, among others, the following:
(i) Ensure that the meetings of the Board are held in accordance with the bylaws or as the Chair may deem necessary;
(ii) Supervise the preparation of the agenda of the meeting in coordination
with the Corporate Secretary, taking into consideration the suggestions of the
CEO, Management and the directors; and
(iii) Maintain qualitative and timely lines of communication and information
between the Board and Management.
C) Qualifications of Directors
In addition to the qualifications for membership in the Board provided for in
the Corporation Code, Securities Regulation Code and other relevant laws,
the Board may provide for additional qualifications which include, among
others, the following:
(i) College education or equivalent academic degree;
(ii) Practical understanding of the business of the corporation;
(iii) Membership in good standing in relevant industry, business or
professional
organizations; and
(iv) Previous business experience.
D) Responsibilities, Duties and Functions of the Board
General Responsibility
It is the Boards responsibility to foster the long-term success of the
corporation, and to sustain its competitiveness and profitability in a manner
consistent with its corporate objectives and the best interests of its
stockholders. The Board should formulate the corporations vision, mission,
strategic objectives, policies and procedures that shall guide its activities,
including the means to effectively monitor Managements performance.
Duties and Functions
To ensure a high standard of best practice for the corporation and its
stockholders, the Board should conduct itself with honesty and integrity in
the performance of, among others, the following duties and functions:
a) Implement a process for the selection of directors who can add value and
contribute independent judgment to the formulation of sound corporate
strategies and policies. Appoint competent, professional, honest and highly
motivated management officers. Adopt an effective succession planning
program for Management.

b) Provide sound strategic policies and guidelines to the corporation on major

capital expenditures. Establish programs that can sustain its long-term
viability and strength. Periodically evaluate and monitor the implementation of
such policies and strategies, including the business plans, operating budgets
and Managements overall performance.
c) Ensure the corporations faithful compliance with all applicable laws,
regulations and best business practices.
d) Establish and maintain an investor relations program that will keep the
stockholders informed of important developments in the corporation. If
feasible, the corporations CEO or chief financial officer shall exercise
oversight responsibility over this program.
e) Identify the sectors in the community in which the corporation operates or are
directly affected by its operations, and formulate a clear policy of accurate,
timely and effective communication with them.
f) Adopt a system of check and balance within the Board. A regular review of the
effectiveness of such system should be conducted to ensure the integrity of
the decision-making and reporting processes at all times. There should be a
continuing review of the corporations internal control system in order to
maintain its adequacy and effectiveness.
g) Identify key risk areas and performance indicators and monitor these factors
with due diligence to enable the corporation to anticipate and prepare for
possible threats to its operational and financial viability.
h) Formulate and implement policies and procedures that would ensure the
integrity and transparency of related party transactions between and among
the corporation and its parent company, joint ventures, subsidiaries,
associates, affiliates, major stockholders, officers and directors, including their
spouses, children and dependent siblings and parents, and of interlocking
director relationships by members of the Board.
i) Constitute an Audit Committee and such other committees it deems
necessary to assist the Board in the performance of its duties and
responsibilities.
j) Establish and maintain an alternative dispute resolution system in the
corporation that can amicably settle conflicts or differences between the
corporation and its stockholders, and the corporation and third parties,
including the regulatory authorities.
k) Meet at such times or frequency as may be needed. The minutes of such
meetings should be duly recorded. Independent views during Board meetings
should be encouraged and given due consideration.

l) Keep the activities and decisions of the Board within its authority under the
articles of incorporation and by-laws, and in accordance with existing laws,
rules and regulations.
m) Appoint a Compliance Officer who shall have the rank of at least vice
president. In the absence of such appointment, the Corporate Secretary,
preferably a lawyer, shall act as Compliance Officer.
Specific Duties and Responsibilities of a Director
(i) Conduct fair business transactions with the corporation, and ensure that his
personal interest does not conflict with the interests of the corporation.
(ii) Devote the time and attention necessary to properly and effectively perform
his duties and responsibilities.
(iii) Act judiciously.
(iv) Exercise independent judgment.
(v) Have a working knowledge of the statutory and regulatory requirements that
affect the corporation, including its articles of incorporation and by-laws, the
rules and regulations of the Commission and, where applicable, the
requirements of relevant regulatory agencies.
(vi) Observe confidentiality.
E) Internal Control Responsibilities of the Board
(i) The minimum internal control mechanisms for the performance of the Boards
oversight responsibility may include:
a) Definition of the duties and responsibilities of the CEO who is ultimately
accountable for the corporations organizational and operational controls;
b) Selection of the person who possesses the ability, integrity and expertise
essential for the position of CEO;
c) Evaluation of proposed senior management appointments;
d) Selection and appointment of qualified and competent management officers;
and
e) Review of the corporations human resource policies, conflict of interest
situations, compensation program for employees, and management
succession plan.
(ii) The scope and particulars of the systems of effective organizational and
operational controls may differ among corporations depending on, among
others, the following factors: nature and complexity of the business and the

business culture; volume, size and complexity of transactions; degree of risks

involved; degree of centralization and delegation of authority; extent and
effectiveness of information technology; and extent of regulatory compliance.
A corporation may establish an internal audit system that can reasonably assure
the Board, Management and stockholders that its key organizational and
operational controls are faithfully complied with. The Board may appoint an
Internal Auditor to perform the audit function, and may require him to report to a
level in the organization that allows the internal audit activity to fulfill its
mandate. The Internal Auditor shall be guided by the International Standards on
Professional Practice of Internal Auditing.
F) Board Committees
(i)

The Audit Committee shall consist of at least three (3) directors, who shall
preferably have accounting and finance backgrounds, one of whom shall
be an independent director and another with audit experience. The chair
of the Audit Committee should be an independent director.

(ii)

A Nomination Committee, which may be composed of at least three (3)

members and one of whom should be an independent director, to review
and evaluate the qualifications of all persons nominated to the Board and
other appointments that require Board approval, and to assess the
effectiveness of the Boards processes and procedures in the election or
replacement of directors;
A Compensation or Remuneration Committee, which may be composed of
at least three (3) members and one of whom should be an independent
director, to establish a formal and transparent procedure for developing a
policy on remuneration of directors and officers to ensure that their
compensation is consistent with the corporations culture, strategy and
the business environment in which it operates.

(iii)

G) The Compliance Officer

The Board shall appoint a Compliance Officer who shall report directly to the
Chair of the Board. He shall perform the following duties:
(i) Monitor compliance by the corporation with this Code and the rules and
regulations of regulatory agencies and, if any violations are found, report the
matter to the Board and recommend the imposition of appropriate
disciplinary action on the responsible parties and the adoption of measures to
prevent a repetition of the violation;
(ii) Appear before the Commission when summoned in relation to compliance
with this Code; and
(iv)
Issue a certification every January 30th of the year on the extent of the
corporations compliance with this Code for the completed year and, if there
are any deviations, explain the reason for such deviation.
H) Commitment to Good Corporate Governance

All covered corporations shall establish and implement their corporate

governance rules in accordance with this Code. The rules shall be embodied
in a manual that can be used as reference by the members of the Board and
Management. The manual should be submitted to the Commission for its
evaluation within one hundred eighty (180) business days from the date this
Code becomes effective to enable the Commission to determine its
compliance with this Code taking into consideration the nature, size and
scope of the business of the corporation; provided, however, that
corporations that have earlier submitted their manual may, at their option,
continue to use the said manual as long it complies with the provisions of this
Code. The manual shall be made available for inspection by any shareholder
at reasonable hours on business days.
II.

CORE STANDARDS OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Corporate governance or the corporate mechanisms of a corporation must
ensure to gain the trust of the shareholders. This is important so that the
corporation can attract capital and ensure sustainability.

1. FAIRNESS
Fairness means treating people with equality. It entails avoiding of bias
towards one or more entities as compared to the other(s).
It carries with it the requirement of independence and objectivity, giving due
consideration to the interests of all stakeholders involved.
Fairness is important in establishing an effective oversight function of the
board. Basing decisions on proper information and ensuring continuous
development of internal control systems, helps in establishing a culture of
fairness. It is therefore recommended that the Board of Directors be
comprised of a mix of executive, nonexecutive and independent directors.
Shareholders would trust more a board that is unbiased and sensitive to their
rights and opinions. This assures them that the corporation or the board
would make not make decisions that would be detrimental to the
shareholders only because of bias.
2. TRANSPARENCY
Transparency means to ensure timely and accurate disclosure on all material
matters, including the financial situation, performance, ownership and
corporate governance of a corporation.
It can also be defined as a principle that allows those affected by
administrative decisions, business transactions or charitable work to know
not only the basic facts and figures but also the mechanisms and processes.
It is the duty of civil servants, managers and trustees to act visibly,
predictably and understandably.

3. ACCOUNTABILITY
Accountability
basically
means
an individual or organization to account for
accept responsibility for
them,
and
a transparent manner.

the obligation of
its activities,
to disclose the results in

In the corporation, the management is accountable to the board and the

board is accountable to the shareholders. However, what would be reported
to whom the account is being given is also very important.