Tables&Charts 2

488
engel: Introduction to
Thermodynamics and Heat
Transfer, Second Edition
II. Heat Transfer
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008
11. Transient Heat

Conduction
Chapter 11
TABLE 112
TABLE 113
Coefficients used in the one-term approximate solution of transient onedimensional heat conduction in plane walls, cylinders, and spheres (Bi hL/k
for a plane wall of thickness 2L, and Bi hro /k for a cylinder or sphere of
radius ro )
The zeroth- and first-order Bessel

functions of the first kind
Bi
0.01
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
100.0

Plane Wall
l1
A1
0.0998
0.1410
0.1987
0.2425
0.2791
0.3111
0.4328
0.5218
0.5932
0.6533
0.7051
0.7506
0.7910
0.8274
0.8603
1.0769
1.1925
1.2646
1.3138
1.3496
1.3766
1.3978
1.4149
1.4289
1.4961
1.5202
1.5325
1.5400
1.5552
1.5708
1.0017
1.0033
1.0066
1.0098
1.0130
1.0161
1.0311
1.0450
1.0580
1.0701
1.0814
1.0918
1.1016
1.1107
1.1191
1.1785
1.2102
1.2287
1.2403
1.2479
1.2532
1.2570
1.2598
1.2620
1.2699
1.2717
1.2723
1.2727
1.2731
1.2732
Cylinder
Sphere
l1
A1
l1
A1
0.1412
0.1995
0.2814
0.3438
0.3960
0.4417
0.6170
0.7465
0.8516
0.9408
1.0184
1.0873
1.1490
1.2048
1.2558
1.5995
1.7887
1.9081
1.9898
2.0490
2.0937
2.1286
2.1566
2.1795
2.2880
2.3261
2.3455
2.3572
2.3809
2.4048
1.0025
1.0050
1.0099
1.0148
1.0197
1.0246
1.0483
1.0712
1.0931
1.1143
1.1345
1.1539
1.1724
1.1902
1.2071
1.3384
1.4191
1.4698
1.5029
1.5253
1.5411
1.5526
1.5611
1.5677
1.5919
1.5973
1.5993
1.6002
1.6015
1.6021
0.1730
0.2445
0.3450
0.4217
0.4860
0.5423
0.7593
0.9208
1.0528
1.1656
1.2644
1.3525
1.4320
1.5044
1.5708
2.0288
2.2889
2.4556
2.5704
2.6537
2.7165
2.7654
2.8044
2.8363
2.9857
3.0372
3.0632
3.0788
3.1102
3.1416
1.0030
1.0060
1.0120
1.0179
1.0239
1.0298
1.0592
1.0880
1.1164
1.1441
1.1713
1.1978
1.2236
1.2488
1.2732
1.4793
1.6227
1.7202
1.7870
1.8338
1.8673
1.8920
1.9106
1.9249
1.9781
1.9898
1.9942
1.9962
1.9990
2.0000
and l1 usually requires interpolation. For those who prefer reading charts to
interpolating, these relations are plotted and the one-term approximation
solutions are presented in graphical form, known as the transient temperature
charts. Note that the charts are sometimes difficult to read, and they are subject to reading errors. Therefore, the relations above should be preferred to
the charts.
The transient temperature charts in Figs. 1115, 1116, and 1117 for a
large plane wall, long cylinder, and sphere were presented by M. P. Heisler
in 1947 and are called Heisler charts. They were supplemented in 1961
with transient heat transfer charts by H. Grber. There are three charts associated with each geometry: the first chart is to determine the temperature T0
485
J0(h)
J1(h)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1.0000
0.9975
0.9900
0.9776
0.9604
0.0000
0.0499
0.0995
0.1483
0.1960
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.9385
0.9120
0.8812
0.8463
0.8075
0.2423
0.2867
0.3290
0.3688
0.4059
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
0.7652
0.7196
0.6711
0.6201
0.5669
0.4400
0.4709
0.4983
0.5220
0.5419
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
0.5118
0.4554
0.3980
0.3400
0.2818
0.5579
0.5699
0.5778
0.5815
0.5812
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
0.2239
0.1666
0.1104
0.0555
0.0025
0.5767
0.5683
0.5560
0.5399
0.5202
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
0.0968
0.1850
0.2601
0.3202
0.4708
0.4097
0.3391
0.2613
486
II. Heat Transfer
489
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008
11. Transient Heat

Conduction
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
T0 T
Ti T
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0 =
k
hL = 1
Bi
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.7 0.5
0.3
35
25
30
16
2 1.8
1.6 1.4
1.2
0.05
2.5
0
2
50
40
20
18
0.2
0.1
45
12
10
0.
0.01
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.002
4 6 8 10
14
18
22
26
30 50
= t/L2
70
100
120
T
h
(a) Midplane temperature (From M. P. Heisler, Temperat ure Charts for Induction and
Constant Temperature Heating, Trans. ASME 69, 1947, pp. 22736. Reprinted by permission
of ASME International.)
T T
T0 T
x/L = 0.2
1.0
Q
Qmax
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.4
T
h
x
Bi = hL/k
0.4
0.8
50
20
10
0.5
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.9
0.1
1.0
0
0.01
0.1
.001
0.00
2
0.00
5
0.01
0.02
0.5
0.2
600 700
2L
Bi =
0
0.6
0.5
0.3
Initially
T = Ti
400 500
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.4
300
0.8
0.8
0.7
150
0.001
100
80 90
60 70
14
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
Plate
0.2
Plate
1.0
10
100
0.1
0
105
Plate
104
103
102
1
k
=
Bi
hL
(b) Temperature distribution (From M. P. Heisler,
Temperature Charts for Induction and Constant
Temperature Heating, Trans. ASME 69, 1947,
pp. 22736. Reprinted by permission of ASME
International.)
101
1
Bi2 = h2 t/k2
10
102
103
(c) Heat transfer (From H. Grber et al.)
FIGURE 1115
Transient temperature and heat transfer charts for a plane wall of thickness 2L initially at a uniform temperature Ti
subjected to convection from both sides to an environment at temperature T with a convection coefficient of h.
104
490
II. Heat Transfer
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008
11. Transient Heat

Conduction
Chapter 11
0 =
487
T0 T
Ti T
1.0
0.7
Cylinder
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
8
1.
90
18
70
14
12
1.6
10
80
60
1.2
50
10
0.8
0.6
8
45
35
30
0.3
0.1
0.5
40
0.4
0.2
0.01
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.003
16
= 1
Bi
25
20
1.4
1.0
0.02
2.
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.03
hr
0.002
0.001
4 6 8 10
14
18
22
26
= t/ro2
30
50
70
100
120
(a) Centerline temperature (From M. P. Heisler, Temperature Charts for Induction and
140 150
0.9
0.4
0.4
0.8
50
20
10
0.3
0.9
0.1
1.0
0
0.1
0.01
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.00
1
0.00
2
0.00
5
0.01
0.02
0.6
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.3
Bi = hro/k
0.8
0.7
0.6
ro r
Bi =
0.8
0.9
350
T Initially T
h
T = Ti h
0
Q
Qmax
1.0
T T
=
T0 T
1.0 r/ro = 0.2
250
0.2
Cylinder
1.0
1
k
=
Bi
hro
10
100

International.)
0.1
0
105
Cylinder
104
103
102
101
1
Bi2 = h2 t/k2
10
102
103
FIGURE 1116
Transient temperature and heat transfer charts for a long cylinder of radius ro initially at a uniform temperature Ti
subjected to convection from all sides to an environment at temperature T with a convection coefficient of h.
104
488
Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
T0 T
Ti T
1.0
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
100
80 90
60 70
12 14
3.5
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.7
0.5
0.01
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.003
.0
2 2
2.
8
1.
1.0
0.02
2.8
2.4
0.35
0.2
0.1 0.05
0
0.002
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.5
7 8
9 10
= t/ro2
20
30
40
(a) Midpoint temperature (From M. P. Heisler, Temperature Charts for Induction and
T T
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.4
Initially
T = Ti
T
h
200
250
T
h
ro r
Bi = hro/k
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.8
0.3
0.2
0.9
0.2
0.1
1.0
1.0
10
50
20
10
0.5
1
0.1
Sphere
0.1
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.00
1
0.00
2
0.6
0.6
0.00
5
0.01
0.02
0.7
0.5
0
0.01
150
0.8
0.7
0.6
100
Q
Qmax
T0 T
r/ro = 0.2
1.0
0.8
50
Bi =
Sphere
k
hr = 1
o
Bi
50
40
45
0
35 3
25 20
18 16
2.6
10
8
9
7
3.0
0.1
0.07
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.001
491
The McGrawHill
Companies, 2008
11. Transient Heat

Conduction
0 =
II. Heat Transfer
100
0
105
Sphere
104
103
102
1 = k
Bi hro
International.)
101
Bi2
h2 t/k2
10
102
103
FIGURE 1117
Transient temperature and heat transfer charts for a sphere of radius ro initially at a uniform temperature Ti subjected to
convection from all sides to an environment at temperature T with a convection coefficient of h.
104

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488

II. Heat Transfer

11. Transient Heat

The zeroth- and first-order Bessel

II. Heat Transfer

11. Transient Heat

Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

(c) Heat transfer (From H. Grber et al.)

II. Heat Transfer

11. Transient Heat

(b) Temperature distribution (From M. P. Heisler,

(c) Heat transfer (From H. Grber et al.)

Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer

11. Transient Heat

II. Heat Transfer

(c) Heat transfer (From H. Grber et al.)

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