Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. Abstract
This paper shows the first results of a longterm
monitoring campaign on an offshore wind turbine in
the Belgian North Sea. It focuses on the continuous
monitoring of the resonant frequencies and
damping values of the dominant fundamental
modes of the support structure. These parameters
allow to better understand the dynamics of offshore
wind turbines and are crucial in the fatigue
assessment during the design phase. They can
also help to minimize O&M costs and to extend the
lifetime of offshore wind turbines structures during
their operation. To do accurate continuous
monitoring of these parameters state-of-the-art
operational modal analysis techniques have been
automated and their reliability improved, so that no
human-interaction is required and the system can
track small changes in the dynamic behaviour of
the offshore wind turbine.
Keywords: Vibrations, Offshore, Measurement &
monitoring, Foundations, Structural design
2. Introduction
2.1.
Relevance
Gert De Sitter
OWI-Lab /Vrije
Universiteit Brussel
gdesitte@vub.ac.be
Patrick Guillaume
Vrije Universiteit
Brussel
paguilla@vub.ac.be
2.2.
Applicability of operational
modal analysis
3. Offshore Measurements
Within the OWI-project (www.owi-lab.be) two
measurement campaigns have been performed.
The first short measurement campaign focussed on
performing an overspeed test with the aim of
obtaining a first estimate of the damping value of
the fundamental for-aft vibration mode of the wind
turbine. The results of this measurement campaign
have been presented by the authors at EWEA 2012
[27]. During the second long term measurement
campaign we are continuously monitoring the
vibration levels and the evolution of the frequencies
and damping of the fundamental modes of the
tower and foundation.
3.1.
3.2.
level 1
level 2
level 3
level 4
0.012
0.01
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
200
400
600
800
1000
index
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0.01
level 1
level 2
level 3
level 4
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
200
400
600
800
1000
index
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
10
x 10
0.005
4.8
4.6
Acceleration (g)
0.01
0.014
0.005
0.01
4.4
7
4.2
6
4
5
3.8
0.015
100
200
300
Time(s)
400
500
600
3
1560
4. Continuous Dynamic
Monitoring
3.6
1580
1600
1620
1640
1660
1680
1700
1720
3.4
1740
index
0.025
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
0.02
SSAcceleration (g)
0.015
0.01
0.005
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.025 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.005
0
0.005
FAAceleration (g)
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
1.5
rpm
1
0.5
0
200
400
600
800
1000
index
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
200
400
600
800
1000
index
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
200
400
600
800
1000
index
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
200
400
600
800
1000
index
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
pitch
90
85
80
75
yaw
400
200
wind speed
20
10
4.1.
20
15
10
5
0
. fs f f
. .s f .
. .f f .
..s f
.. d f
.s f
.f f
.f f
df .
ss .
.f
ss.
.s.
ds.
.f .
. . s
f s
. f
. s .
.f f
.f .
. .
. .
.
.
f
.
.
.
ss f
sf f
ss f
ss .
sf
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
sf
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
ss
fs
ss
ss
ff
fs
sf
ff
ss
ff
ff
0.2
0.4
f
f
.
f sf
f s.
f s
ss
fs
ss
fs
ss
f s.
ss
ss
fs
f f
fs
f s
f s
f s
f s
f s
f s
f s
f s
. f
s
s
f
s
.
f
.
f
.
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
frequency (Hz)
1.4
sf f s
ff f f
f fs
f .f
s s
s .s
s s
s f
f s
s s
f s
s s
s s
s s
f s
f s
s s
s s
s f
f s
s f
s f
s s
s s
s f
f s
s f
s .
f
.
1.6
s
f
f
f
f
.
1.8
s
f
f
f
s
f
f
.
4.2.
std freq
std damp
ident rate
0.5
0.5
0.5
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
frequency (Hz)
1.4
1.6
0.5 1 1.5
mpc rate
0.5
0.5
0.5 1 1.5
mpdev rate
1.8
0.5
1.5
0.5 1 1.5 2
Classification Result
1
Membership fct.
damping (%)
0.5
1.5
0.5
0.5
1.5
40
20
1
1
20
4 2
60
60
40
40
20
20
1
20
4 2
80
Height (m)
Height (m)
1
20
4 2
80
20
1
1
20
4 2
80
Height (m)
60
40
1
20
0
20
4 2
1
0
4.3.
0.45
frequency (Hz)
40
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0
200
400
600
800
1.6
1.4
1.2
200
400
600
800
damping (%)
60
frequency (Hz)
60
damping (%)
80
80
Height (m)
Height (m)
1
0
0
200
400
600
800
1
0
0
400
600
800
frequency (Hz)
frequency (Hz)
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
0.25
0
200
400
600
800
1.6
1.4
1.2
0
damping (%)
4
3
2
1
0
0
200
400
600
800
200
400
600
800
200
400
600
800
4
3
2
1
0
0
damping (%)
3
mode
boxplots of damping-estimates
5
damping (%)
3
mode
80
60
60
Height (m)
Height (m)
80
40
2
20
1
0
40
2
20
1
0
1
0
2
2
20
2
80
80
60
60
40
Height (m)
Height (m)
20
2
2
20
1
0
40
2
20
1
0
1
20
2
2
2
Mode Succes
rate
(%)
FA1
72
Mean Std
freq freq
(Hz) (Hz)
0.361 0.004
SS1
50
0.97
0.90
0.80
FA2
97
0.22
0.98
0.80
SS2N
94
0.33
0.98
0.81
FA2N
88
0.49
0.95
0.80
2
2
20
2
2
2
80
5. Conclusions
Height (m)
60
40
2
20
1
0
1
20
2
2
2
References
[1] Dwight Davis. Dr. Martin Pollack. Brian Petersen,
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]