MANET - Disaster Management

INTRODUCTION
Mobile telephony has become available to all and has become a common matter in the recent years. This is a huge success in the fields
of technology and commercial enterprise. Devices have gradually become smaller, and at the same time more powerful, offering a
multitude of features to the user, and a whole set of networking options. Today, the least we expect from our phone is the capability to
ring someone, regardless of time and location. Besides the services like sms, mms people can remain connected with each other through
Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Skype if they own a mobile phone. Even a PC is not required. A person can surf the internet at
anytime from anywhere. However, this is not always possible. In case of a natural disaster all the pre-existing infrastructures may get
affected. If communication system fails relief work is adversely affected. Disaster monitoring is one of the most challenging applications
in wireless ad-hoc networks as establishing infrastructure-based networks are neither feasible nor suitable in those environments. As
disaster strikes suddenly therefore advance planning to manage such situations is necessary to minimize its effect. Basic information
about an area (may be disaster-prone area) should be always available with the disaster management authorities. For example
information about hospitals, blood banks, police stations, fire stations should be stored in a database. Detailed map of a city or area
should also be there. With a well designed ad hoc network system, the real scenarios of post disaster could be monitored promptly, and
as per that action can be taken to save the lives of victims or minimize the losses. Reliable delivery of monitoring message is one of the
key requirements in disaster management systems along with energy saving. Message reliability improves the performance of the
system. Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is one of the most popular wireless network used in the area; where establishing other type of
network is either dicult or infeasible. An application using detailed information of a disaster-hit area and MANET is highly required
during relief works.
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CHAPTER 1
1.1 Problem Statement:
A Mobile Ad-hoc Network Based Disaster Management System using Android platform
1.2 Problem Definition:

This project is mainly about developing a MANET-based application that will help rescuers during disasters. This application will
be applicable to natural disasters because MANETS are highly insecure and applications to be used in man-made disasters like war
etc need high security. Our project deals only with natural disasters like flood, cyclone, landslides, earthquakes etc.
1.3 Objective:
Our aim is to develop a MANET-based application that will allow any rescuer to get or provide help at a disaster-hit location. The
application is based on a wireless platform that will allow rescuers to search for nearest hospitals, blood banks, fire stations and
police stations. The rescuers would also be able to contact each other and provide primary first aid based on the information
available in the application. They can search for the shortest path between their current location and their destination. The
application will be using MANET architecture because it needs no pre-defined or already existing infrastructure in the disaster-hit
zone.
1.4 Tools and Platforms:

Android Developer Toolkit bundle was used for designing and coding in Java. The application is developed for Android Jellybean
4.2.2 platform (API 17).
1.5 Brief Discussion on Problem:

Mobile computing is human-computer interaction by which a device is expected to be transported during normal usage. It involves
mobile communication, mobile hardware and mobile software. Communication issues include ad-hoc and infrastructure networks.
A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring infrastructure-less network of mobile devices connected by wireless
medium. Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other
devices frequently.
Wireless mobile technology is used for disaster management because of its wide usages. In a post-disaster environment, some important
pre-existing infrastructure may get disrupted. For example, the mobile towers deployed in various places can get damaged. So
communication using mobile phones is not possible. Internet connection also may not be available. So in such conditions emergency
rescue operation is very critical to numerous lives. Many people trapped in the disastrous areas under collapsed buildings or landslides
may have a large chance to survive if they are rescued in 72 hours, referred as "Golden 72Hours". People evacuated from their home
jammed in shelters need life support material to support their lives. They also need to communicate to each other for various reasons
such as allocation of rescue and relief resource as well as reunion of family members. So an emergency temporary communication
system is required and also basic information about those areas and first aid are also required.
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CHAPTER 2
Literature Survey:
In A Proposed Architecture of MANET for Disaster Area Architecture, published in International Journal of Computer
Theory and Engineering, Vol. 2 on 1st February 2011 R.P.Mahapatra, Tanvir Ahmad Abbasi and Mohd Suhaib Abbasi have
proposed that in case of a disaster, when the conventional backbones of communications such as the base stations fail, an adhoc network will be very helpful. The ad-hoc network will help the victims communicate with each other without the need of a
conventional infrastructure.
In his paper A Mobile Ad Hoc Network Implementation for Android Smartphone, published on July 26, 2012 David
Flanagan talks about the feasibility of implementing an Ad hoc network using Smartphones with an android platform.
In the paper Rescue Information System for Earthquake Disasters Based on MANET Emergency Communication Platform
Hung-Chin Jang Yao-Nan Lien Tzu-Chieh Tsai Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University a detailed
information about post disaster situations, the importance of a temporary communication system during relief work and the
kinds of basic information required during rescuing victims.
The book Professional Android Application Development by Roto Meier, 5th edition published by. John Wiley & Sons
helped us to begin with android.
Total Beginner Companion Document, by Mark Dexter helped us during the initial days of implementation of the
application.
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CHAPTER 3
Concepts and Problem Analysis:
The Manet-based Disaster Management System helps the rescuers to find the nearest hospitals, blood banks, police stations and fire
stations, when there is no existing cellular network present. They can search for the first aids to be used on general injuries suffered by
the victims. The rescuers can also find the shortest paths to their destinations from the locations they are present at. They will be able to
communicate with each other using Mobile ad hoc networking or MANET. The impact of communication system failure to a disaster
could be catastrophic, making the coordination among a large number of disorganized disaster response workers extremely difficult.
Unfortunately, rapid deployment of an emergency communication system based on existing technologies may not be feasible since most
technologies rely on a good transportation system, which is usually not available in a catastrophic natural disaster, to deliver essential
equipments.
Causes that disrupts Communication Systems:
Base stations may crash.
Trunks connecting base stations to MSCs can be broken almost everywhere, especially broken roads and bridges
(Trunks were laid along roads and bridges).
Backup power generators may be out because of fuel will get exhausted.
Critical hardware equipments will be down because cooling towers may fall down or cooling pipes may be broken.
Impact of communication system failure:
1. In a catastrophic disaster, regular rescue teams including trained professional rescue squads, police, army, and fire fighters
were far from sufficient for the emergency rescue mission. A large number of volunteers must be mobilized to participate
in the rescue operation. However, without a good communication system, it is very difficult to organize and coordinate
rescue volunteers.
2. A large volume of rescue and relief resources were misplaced because the assessment of disasters distribution is virtually
blind and inaccurate in the early hours of relief work. As a consequence, the higher accessibility a stricken spot, the easier
to receive external resources. Unfortunately, reallocation of resources may not be possible because of paralyzed
transportation systems. For example, in SiChuan Earthquake, some soldiers were even dropped to the disaster areas by
parachutes. It is impossible to reallocate them if they were misplaced. Misplacement of rescue and relief resources may
lead to catastrophic consequence. Each stricken spot may have many vulnerable survivals, such as injured people, babies
and hospital patients, whose lives are highly dependent on relief resources. Misplacement of demanded medical
equipments and supplies as well as life-support resources could cost numerous lives.
3. Trained and skill-specific professional rescue squads get misplaced to wrong spots. For instances, a professional rescue
squad specially trained and equipped for detecting survivals trapped under collapsed buildings may be sent to a spot where
there is no trapped survivals.
4. Some injured people may die after being rescued because of ambulance not available or being sent to over-saturated
hospitals or lack of first aid.
The complete list may be much longer than what we mentioned above. Thus it is clear that without the existence of a temporary
ah-hoc wireless communication system and lack of knowledge about the disaster-hit areas hamper rescue work.
In our attempt to create a MANET based Disaster Management System we have tried to create a database that may provide
useful information about a disaster-hit area like information about hospitals, blood banks, police stations, fire stations, medical
camps set up for rescue work. We have also tried to give shortest path to a destination from a given location so that rescue
workers can follow that path. We have taken the help of ANDROID platform to implement these goals.
Why Android Platform?
1. In disaster-hit areas the only possible means of communication is an ad hoc network consisting of mobile node example a
mobile phone. Android is a light-weight mobile Operating System providing a large number of features. It allows user to
create applications at his/her will.
2. We have used SQLiteDatabase to store the information.
3. Android phones are cheaper than other phones like Windows phones and are easily available.
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4.
Since in disaster hit areas the power supply is also disrupted so the nodes used in rescue work should use minimum power.
Since Android is a light-weight mobile OS so it consumes lesser power.
Formation of ad hoc network:

For the formation of ad hoc network we have three choices1 .Using Wi-Fi enabled phones (by using Wi-Fi direct)
2. Using Bluetooth
3. Using ManetManager application which is based on Android platform.
Using any one of the options mentioned above a MANET can be formed. a MANE-based group communication system to support
emergency communication and information network, called P2Pnet. P2Pnet is a serverless peer-to-peer communication network based
on MANET to support temporary group communication and information access. As depicted in Figure 1 some nodes may have satellite
communication capability performing gateway functions so that all other nodes can access Internet through gateways if they are
available.
Figure 1
We have developed the application keeping in mind the following assumptions:
1.
In a post-disaster environment, after getting relevant information from the database, the rescuers can communicate with
each other within a given range, assisting each other by using an ad-hoc network on their mobile devices.
2.
The other problems with MANET are its limited transmission range and limited battery life of devices. It is assumed that
there will be portable generators and chargers available to charge the mobile devices.
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CHAPTER 4
Design and Methodology:
The design and methodology part may be divided into four sections:
1) Algorithm to find the shortest path
2) User Interface
3) SQLiteDatabase
4) Intents
Algorithm to find the shortest path:
In this application we need to find the shortest path from any point to any another destination. This will be used by the rescuers during
relief work to find the shortest path to their destinations.
Algorithms those are available to find shortest pathI.
II.
Bellman Ford algorithm

Dijkstras algorithm
III.
Flyod-Warshall
IV.
Johnsons algorithm
V.
Viterbis algorithm
We have used Floyd-Warshalls algorithm to compute the shortest path for the following reasonsA. Bellman-Fords algorithm is a single-source shortest path algorithm. But we need to find shortest path between any two
pair of points.
B. Dijkstras algorithm is a single-source shortest path algorithm. But we need to find shortest path between any two pair of
points and also it is difficult to implement.
C. Johnsons algorithm is an all-pairs shortest path algorithm. But it uses three algorithms: i) Bellman-Ford ii) Dijkstra iii)
Floyd-Warshall
D. Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic algorithm, but was not used because of its implementation difficulties.
Thus, Flyod-Warshall is used because its concept and implementation are simple though its time complexity is O (n^3) (where n= no of
nodes).
A screenshot of our application for find the shortest path and the pseudo code of Flyod-Warshall are given in next page.
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1 let dist be a |V| |V| array of minimum

distances initialized to (infinity)
2 for each vertex v
3
dist[v][v] 0
4 for each edge (u,v)

5
dist[u][v] w(u,v)
// the weight of the
edge (u,v)
6 for k from 1 to |V|
7
8
for i from 1 to |V|

for j from 1 to |V|
if dist[i][j] > dist[i][k] +
dist[k][j]
dist[i][j] dist[i][k] +
10
dist[k][j]
11
end if
Figure 2
The User Interface:

The user interface of our application
cation has been designed using:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Drop-down menus
Buttons
Text boxes
Tabs
Drop-down menu:
A drop-down menu can be formed using the spinner class available in the android.widget package. Spinner is a view that displays one
child at a time and lets the user pick among them. A spinner looks like the following:
We have used the data present in the cursor (i.e. data from database) to populate
pop
the spinner. To do this
we have used an instance of ArrayAdapter class, the method setArrayAdapter(int resource)method of
the same class.
To read the item selected by user from spinner we have used public Object getSelectedItem() method.
Figure 3
Button:
A button can be created by using the Button class available in the android.widget package. An object
ect of the Button class represents a
push-button widget. Push-buttons
buttons can be pressed, or clicked, by the user to perform an action.
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Using an OnClickListener: To declare the event handler programmatically, create an View.OnClickListener object and assign it to the
button by calling setOnClickListener(View.OnClickListener).
For example:
Button button =(Button)findViewById(R.id.button_send);
button.setOnClickListener(newView.OnClickListener(){
publicvoid onClick(View v){
// Do something in response to button click
}
});
Text boxes:
Text boxes can be created using the TextField class and EditText class available in android.widget package. Displays text to the user and
optionally allows them to edit it. A TextView is a complete text editor; however the basic class is configured to not allow editing.
EditText is a thin veneer over TextView that configures itself to be editable.
Tabs:
Tabs can be created by extending the FragmentActivity class. A Fragment represents a behavior or a portion of user interface in an
Activity. You can combine multiple fragments in a single activity to build a multi-pane UI and reuse a fragment in multiple activities.
You can think of a fragment as a modular section of an activity, which has its own lifecycle, receives its own input events, and which
you can add or remove while the activity is running (sort of like a "sub activity" that you can reuse in different activities).
final FragmentActivity
getActivity()
Return the Activity this fragment is currently associated with.
final FragmentManager
getFragmentManager()
Return the FragmentManager for interacting with fragments associated with this
fragment's activity.
Public Methods
Void
Void
addTab(TabHost.TabSpec tabSpec)
Add a tab.
onActivityCreated (Bundle savedInstanceState)
Called when the fragment's activity has been created and this fragment's view
hierarchy instantiated. It can be used to do final initialization once these pieces
are in place, such as retrieving views or restoring state. It is also useful for
fragments that use setRetainInstance(boolean) to retain their instance, as this
callback tells the fragment when it is fully associated with the new activity
instance. This is called after onCreateView(LayoutInflater,ViewGroup,Bundle) .
Toast
A toast provides a simple feedback about an operation in a small pop-up. It only fills the space needed to display the message and the
current activity remains visible and interactive. For example navigating away from email account before an email is sent triggers a
saved to drafts toast. A toast disappears automatically after timeout.
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For Example:
Context context = getApplicationContext();
CharSequence text = "Hello toast!";
int duration = Toast.LENGTH_SHORT;
Toast toast = Toast.makeText(context, text, duration);
toast.show();
Public void onClick(View V) {
Intent explicitIntent=new Intent(mainActivity.this,second.class);
startActivity(explicitIntent);}
SQLiteDatabase:
In our application we are accessing a SQLiteDatabase which has the following tablescontacts_details_hospitals- This table contains basic information about the hospitals/nursing homes of an area. The complete schema of
the table is: contact_details_hospitals (c_id, center_name, center_facilities, center_location, center_phone_no)
Data type of the fields
c_id: Integer
center_name: String
center_facilities: String
center_location: String
center_phone_no: String
BLOODBANKS- This table contains the basic details about the blood banks in an area. The complete schema of this table is:
BLOODBANKS (bcode, blood_group, available, bloodbankaddress, phone_no)
Data types of the fields
bcode: Integer
blood_group : String
available: String
bloodbankaddress: String
phone_no: String
FIRESTATIONS- This table contains the basic details about the fire stations in an area. The complete schema of this table is:
FIRESTATIONS (fcode, acode, aname,fadd, fphone_no)
fcode: Integer
acode: String
fadd: String
fphone_no: String
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POLICESTATIONS- This table contains the basic details about the police station in an area. The complete schema of this table is:
POLICESTATIONS (code, location, areacode, name, phone_no)
code: Integer
location: String
areacode: Integer
name: String
phone_no: String
FIRST_AID_BOX- This table contains the basic details about first aid. The complete schema of this table is:
FIRST_AID_BOX (aid_code, injury, aid_required)
aid_code: Integer
injury: String
aid_required: String
AREA_CODE- This table contains the area codes and area names. The complete schema of this table is:
AREA_CODE (area_code, area_name)
area_code: Integer
area_name: String
CAMPS- This table contains the basic details about the medical camps set up for relief work in an area. The complete schema of this
table is:
CAMPS (camp_code, camp_area, location).
camp_code: Integer
camp_area: String
location: String
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SQLiteOpenHelper class:
We used the SQLiteOpenHelper class to create the database.A helper class to manage database creation and version management.
A list of constructors and methods of this class used here is as followsSQLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version)
Create a helper object to create, open, and/or manage a database.
Public Methods
SQLiteDatabase
getReadableDatabase()
Create and/or open a database.
SQLiteDatabase
getWritableDatabase()
Create and/or open a database that will be used for reading and writing.
abstract void
onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
Called when the database is created for the first time.
Void
onOpen(SQLiteDatabase db)
Called when the database has been opened.
abstract void
onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)

Called when the database needs to be upgraded.
Cursor Class:
To get the values fetched from database we have used object of the Cursor class.
The methods of this class used here are listed belowPublic Methods
abstract int
getCount()
Returns the numbers of rows in the cursor.
abstract String
getString(int columnIndex) Returns the value of the requested column as a String.
abstract
Boolean
moveToFirst()
Move the cursor to the first row.
abstract
Boolean
moveToNext()
Move the cursor to the next row.
Intents:
In order to move between pages we have used objects of class Intent. In order to share text messages we have taken the help of Intent
type objects. Intent is an abstract description of an operation to be performed. It can be used with startActivity to launch an Activity.
Intent provides a facility for performing late runtime binding between the codes in different applications. Its most significant use is in
the launching of activities, where it can be thought of as the glue between activities. It is basically a passive data structure holding an
abstract description of an action to be performed.
The standard action defined by Intent for launching activities (usually through startActivity (Intent))used in our application is
ACTION_SEND .This has been used to share text messages. This is an implicit intent.
We have used explicit intents to define the exact class to be run.
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Get started with our application:
This is the opening page of The Manet-based Disaster

Management System. The different options are being
shown tab-wise. The different options are First Aid, Help
Desk, Message and Shortest Path. The tab First Aid
redirects to the First Aid database that shows the first aid to
be given for different injuries, whereas the Help Desk
shows the list of different hospitals, nursing homes, blood
banks, fire stations, police stations and medical camps. The
Message tab helps rescuers communicate with each other
via Bluetooth messaging. The rescuers can find the shortest
path between their source and desired destination with the
help of Floyd-Warshall algorithm.
Figure 4.1
Page 12 of 43
The First Aid option in the tab gives the user access to the First Aid
database that shows the different first aids to be given in case of
different injuries. This will allow the rescuers to save time by giving
the victims the primary first aid.
Figure 4.2
The Help Desk tab will show the options- Hospitals, Nursing
Homes, Blood Banks, Fire Stations, Police Stations and Medical
Camps. With the clicking of the options under the tab Help Desk,
the application accesses the database to show the list of Hospitals,
Nursing Homes, Blood Banks, Fire Stations, Police Stations and
Medical Camps available near the disaster stricken area.
Figure 4.3
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The Help Desk tab shows the option Hospitals/Nursing Homes.

On selecting that option, the user can see the list of hospitals/ nursing
homes in the disaster stricken area. The database also shows the
location of the facility, its phone number and the facilities available.
Figure 4.4
The Police Station option under the Help Desk tab shows the
Police Stations in the given location. The database shows the phone
number, the area and the location of the police station.
Figure 4.5
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The Medical Camp option under the Help Desk tab will show the
area and the location of the medical camps set up in the disaster
stricken area.
Figure 4.6
The Blood Bank option under the Help Desk tab will show the
list of blood banks available in the disaster stricken area. It will
show the blood groups available, location and the phone number of
the facility. It will also show whether blood is available at the
facility.
Figure 4.7
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The Fire Stations database will be accessed on selecting the Fire

Stations option available under the Help Desk tab. It will show the
Area, Location and Phone number of the fire stations in the area.
Figure 4.8
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The screenshots for text message transfer are as follows:
Figure 4.9
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CHAPTER 5
Sample Code:
Code to create database and populate the database with data:
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
newhandler db=new newhandler(this); db.addarea(new Area("Khidderpore"));
db.addarea(new Area("bodyguard"));
db.addarea(new Area("CMRI"));
db.addarea(new Area("National Library"));
db.addContact(new contactz("super speciality","cmri","iqbalpore","12345"));
db.addContact(new contactz("no emergency","kothari","iqbalpore","12346"));
db.addaid(new FirstAid("1","burn","burnol+"));
db.addbloodbank(new Bloodbank("A+","yes","iqbalpore","12345"));
db.addfirestation(new firestation(1,"khidderpore","near khidderpore crossing","6789"));
db.addcamp(new camp("khidderpore","beside bodyguard lines"));
db.addpolicestation(new policestation("beside zoo","1","alipore","12345"));
db.close();
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
}
package com.example.newversion;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
public class newhandler extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION=1;
private static final String DATABASE_NAME1="disaster_databasefinaltests2";
private static final String TABLE_NAME="contact_details_hospitals";
private static final String center_id="c_id";
private static final String center_facilities="center_facilities";
private static final String center_name="center_name";
private static final String center_location="area";
private static final String center_ph_no="phone_no";
private static final String TABLE_NAME1="FIRST_AID_BOX";
private static final String aid_code="aid";
private static final String injury="type_of_injury";
private static final String aid_required="solution";
private static final String TABLE_NAME2="AREA_CODE";
private static final String area_code="code";
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private static final String area_name="name";

private static final String TABLE_NAME3="BLOODBANKS";
private static final String bcode="bcode";
private static final String blood_group="blood_group";
private static final String available="available";
private static final String bloodbankaddress="bloodbankaddress";
private static final String phone_no="phone_no1";
private static final String TABLE_NAME4="FIRESTATIONS";
private static final String fcode="fcode";
private static final String acode="acode";
private static final String aname="aname";
private static final String fadd="fadd";
private static final String fphone_no="fphone_no";
private static final String TABLE_NAME5="CAMPS";
private static final String camp_area_code="camp_code";
private static final String camp_area_name="camp_area";
private static final String camp_location="location";
private static final String TABLE_NAME6="POLICESTATIONS";
private static final String policestation_code="code";
private static final String location="location";
private static final String areacode="areacode";
private static final String areaname="name";
private static final String p_phone_no="phone_no";
private static final String TABLE_NAME7="ROADS";
private static final String route_no="route";
private static final String sourcenode="source";
private static final String destnode="dest";
private static final String weight="length";
private static final String GoTo="towards";
public newhandler(Context context) {

super(context,"/storage/extSdCard/DB"+ "/" + DATABASE_NAME1,null,DATABASE_VERSION);
}
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
String CREATE_AREA_CODE_TABLE="CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME2+"("+area_code+" INTEGER PRIMARY
KEY,"+area_name+" TEXT"+ " );";
db.execSQL(CREATE_AREA_CODE_TABLE);
String CREATE_CONTACTS_TABLE="CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME+"("+center_id+" INTEGER
KEY,"+center_facilities+" TEXT,"+center_name+" TEXT,"+center_location+" TEXT,"+center_ph_no+" TEXT"+ " );";
db.execSQL(CREATE_CONTACTS_TABLE);
String CREATE_FIRSTAID_TABLE="CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME1+"("+aid_code+" INTEGER
KEY,"+injury+" TEXT,"+aid_required+" TEXT"+ " );";
db.execSQL(CREATE_FIRSTAID_TABLE);
String CREATE_BLOODBANK_TABLE="CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME3+"("+bcode+" INTEGER
KEY,"+blood_group+" TEXT,"+available+" TEXT,"+bloodbankaddress+" TEXT,"+phone_no+" TEXT"+" );";
db.execSQL(CREATE_BLOODBANK_TABLE);
String CREATE_FIRESTATIONS_TABLE="CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME4+"("+fcode+" INTEGER
KEY,"+acode+" INTEGER,"+aname+" TEXT,"+fadd+" TEXT,"+fphone_no+" TEXT"+" );";
db.execSQL(CREATE_FIRESTATIONS_TABLE);
String CREATE_CAMP_TABLE="CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME5+"("+camp_area_code+" INTEGER
KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"+camp_area_name+" TEXT,"+camp_location+" TEXT"+" );";
PRIMARY
PRIMARY
PRIMARY
PRIMARY
PRIMARY
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db.execSQL(CREATE_CAMP_TABLE);
String
CREATE_TABLE_POLICESTATIONS="CREATE
TABLE
"+TABLE_NAME6+"("+policestation_code+"
INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,"+location+" TEXT,"+areacode+" TEXT,"+areaname+" TEXT,"+p_phone_no+" TEXT"+" );";
db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_POLICESTATIONS);
String CREATE_TABLE_ROUTES="CREATE TABLE "+TABLE_NAME7+"("+route_no+" INTEGER PRIMARY
KEY,"+sourcenode+" INTEGER,"+destnode+" INTEGER,"+weight+" INTEGER,"+GoTo+" TEXT"+ " );";
db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE_ROUTES);
}
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db,int oldversion,int newversion)
{
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS"+TABLE_NAME);
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS"+TABLE_NAME1);
onCreate(db);
}
public void addContact(contactz c)
{
SQLiteDatabase db=this.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
values.put(center_facilities,c.getType());
values.put(center_name,c.getName());
values.put(center_location,c.getLocation());
values.put(center_ph_no,c.getPh_no());
db.insert(TABLE_NAME,null,values);
}
public void addaid(FirstAid a){
SQLiteDatabase db1=this.getWritableDatabase();
ContentValues valuesa=new ContentValues();
valuesa.put(injury, a.getinjury());
valuesa.put(aid_required, a.getaid());
db1.insert(TABLE_NAME1, null, valuesa);
}
public void addarea(Area a){
values.put(area_name, a.getname());
db.insert(TABLE_NAME2, null, values);
}
public void addbloodbank(Bloodbank b){
values.put(blood_group, b.getgroup());
values.put(available, b.getavaibility());
values.put(bloodbankaddress, b.getbloodbankaddress());
values.put(phone_no, b.getphno());
}
public void addfirestation(firestation f){
values.put(acode, f.getcode());
values.put(aname, f.getaname());
values.put(fadd, f.getfadd());
values.put(fphone_no, f.getfphno());
Page 20 of 43

}
public void addcamp(camp c)
{
//values.put(camp_area_code, c.getcode());
values.put(camp_area_name, c.getarea());
values.put(camp_location, c.getlocation());
}
void addpolicestation(policestation p){
values.put(location, p.getlocation());
values.put(areacode, p.getcode());
values.put(areaname, p.getarea());
values.put(p_phone_no, p.getphno());
}
public void addroute(weight r){
values.put(sourcenode,r.getsource() );
values.put(destnode, r.getdest());
values.put(weight, r.getwt());
values.put(GoTo, r.getgo());
}
public Cursor getContacts(){
String s="CMRI";
String query ="SELECT "+area_code+" FROM "+TABLE_NAME2+" WHERE "+area_name+" LIKE '"+ s+"'";
SQLiteDatabase db = this.getWritableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery(query, null);
return cursor;
}
}
public class FirstAid {
String aid_code;
String injury;
String aid_required;
public FirstAid(String ac,String i,String ar)

{
this.aid_code=ac;
this.injury=i;
this.aid_required=ar;
}
public String getcode()
{
return this.aid_code;
Page 21 of 43
}
public String getinjury()
{
return this.injury;
}
public String getaid()
{
return this.aid_required;
}
}
public class weight {
public int sourcenode;
public int destnode;
public int weight;
public String GoTo;
public weight(int s,int d,int w,String g) {
sourcenode=s;
destnode=d;
weight=w;
GoTo=g;
}
public int getsource(){
return this.sourcenode;
}
public int getdest(){
return this.destnode;
}
public int getwt(){
return this.weight;
}
public String getgo()
{
return this.GoTo;
}
}
public class policestation {
public String location;
public String areacode;
public String areaname;
public String p_phone_no;
public policestation(String l,String c,String n,String p) {
location=l;
areacode=c;
areaname=n;
p_phone_no=p;
}
public String getlocation(){
return this.location;
}
public String getcode(){
return this.areacode;
}
public String getarea(){
return this.areacode;
}
Page 22 of 43
public String getphno(){

return this.p_phone_no;
}
}
public class firestation {
public int acode;
public String aname;
public String fadd;
public String fphone_no;
public firestation(int a,String n,String fa,String p) {
acode=a;
aname=n;
fadd=fa;
fphone_no=p;
}
public int getcode(){
return this.acode;
}
public String getaname(){
return this.aname;
}
public String getfadd(){
return this.fadd;
}
public String getfphno(){
return this.fphone_no;
}
}
public class Area {
public String area_name;

public Area(String n) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.area_name=n;
}
public String getname()
{
return this.area_name;
}
}
public class Bloodbank {
public String blood_group;
public String available;
public String bloodbankaddress;
public String phone_no;
public Bloodbank(String b,String a,String bad,String phno) {
blood_group=b;
available=a;
Page 23 of 43
bloodbankaddress=bad;
phone_no=phno;
}
public String getgroup()
{
return this.blood_group;
}
public String getavaibility()
{
return this.available;
}
public String getbloodbankaddress()
{
return this.bloodbankaddress;
}
public String getphno()
{
return this.phone_no;
}
}
public class camp {
public String camp_area_name;

public String camp_location;
public camp(String n,String l)
{
camp_area_name=n;
camp_location=l;
}
public String getarea(){
return this.camp_area_name;
}
public String getlocation(){
return this.camp_location;
}
}
public class contactz {
private String center_facilities;

private String center_name;
private String center_location;
private String center_ph_no;
public contactz(String ct,String cname,String cl,String cph) {
this.center_facilities=ct;
this.center_name=cname;
this.center_location=cl;
this.center_ph_no=cph;
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
public String getType()

{
return this.center_facilities;
Page 24 of 43
}
public String getName()
{
return this.center_name;
}
public String getLocation()
{
return this.center_location;
}
public String getPh_no()
{
return this.center_ph_no;
}
}
Code to access database and to create user interface:

Code to create the Tab:
package com.example.accessdatabase;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTabHost;
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity{
public String TABLE_NAME="contact_details_hospitals";
public String TABLE_NAME1="FIRST_AID_BOX";
public String TABLE_NAME2="AREA_CODE";
public String TABLE_NAME3="";
private FragmentTabHost mTabHost;
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mTabHost = (FragmentTabHost)findViewById(android.R.id.tabhost);
mTabHost.setup(this, getSupportFragmentManager(), R.id.realtabcontent);
mTabHost.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("first").setIndicator("First Aid"),FIRSTAID.class,null);
mTabHost.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("hospital").setIndicator("Help Desk"),Hospitals.class,null);
mTabHost.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("sendmsg").setIndicator("Message"),Msg.class,null);
mTabHost.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("firstp").setIndicator("find path"),findingp.class,null);
}
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
Page 25 of 43
Code to form the fragment list:

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.support.v4.app.ListFragment;
public class Hospitals extends ListFragment {
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
String[] values = new String[] { "HOSTIPALS/NURSING HOMES", "BLOOD BANKS", "FIRE STATIONS",
"POLICE STATIONS", "MEDICAL CAMPS" };
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, values);
setListAdapter(adapter);
}
public void onListItemClick(ListView l,View v, int position, long id) {
String item = (String) getListAdapter().getItem(position);
Context c=getActivity();
Toast.makeText(c,item, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
if(item=="BLOOD BANKS"){
Intent i=new Intent();
i.setClass(getActivity(), showbloodbank.class);
startActivity(i);
}
else if(item=="FIRE STATIONS"){
i.setClass(getActivity(), showfirestation.class);
startActivity(i);
}
else if(item=="POLICE STATIONS"){
i.setClass(getActivity(), showpolice.class);
startActivity(i);
}
else if(item=="MEDICAL CAMPS"){
i.setClass(getActivity(), showmedicalcamp.class);
startActivity(i);
}
else
{
i.setClass(getActivity(), showhosp.class);
startActivity(i);
}
Page 26 of 43
}
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
public class FIRSTAID extends Fragment {
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.firstaid, container, false);
Button button=(Button)view.findViewById(R.id.button1);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent explicitIntent = new Intent();
explicitIntent.setClass(getActivity(), second.class);
startActivity(explicitIntent);
}
});
return view; }
}
import android.widget.TextView;
public class second extends Activity{
String TABLE_NAME1="FIRST_AID_BOX";
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
setContentView(R.layout.second);
String c="/storage/extSdCard/DB" + "/" + "disaster_databasefinaltests2";
SQLiteDatabase db=SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(c,null,0);
String query = "SELECT * FROM " + TABLE_NAME1;
Cursor cur=db.rawQuery(query, null);
TextView show=new TextView(this);
String Data="";
String headers="";
headers="\t\t\t INJURY TYPE"+"\t\t\t"+"AID REQUIRED \n\n";
if(cur.moveToFirst())
{
do {
String type1=cur.getString(1);
String name1=cur.getString(2);
Page 27 of 43
Data=Data +"\t \t \t \t"+type1 +"\t \t \t \t"+name1+"\n\n";

}while(cur.moveToNext());
}
show.setText(headers+Data);
setContentView(show);
db.close();
}
}
public class showhosp extends Activity {
String TABLE_NAME="contact_details_hospitals";
setContentView(R.layout.shwhsp);
//TextView tv=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.editText1);
//tv.setText("sreyosi");
String query = "SELECT * FROM " + TABLE_NAME;
String Data="";
String headers="";
headers="FACILITIES\t\t"+"NAME \t\t"+"LOCATION"+"\t\t"+"PHONE NO"+"\n\n";
{
do {
Data=Data +type1 +"\t\t"+type2+"\t\t\t"+type3+"\t\t\t"+type4+"\n\n\n";
}
db.close();
}
}
public class showmedicalcamp extends Activity {
String TABLE_NAME="CAMPS";
Page 28 of 43

setContentView(R.layout.showmedcmp);
String Data="";
String headers="";
headers="AREA\t\t\t\t\t"+"LOCATION "+"\n\n";
{
do {
Data=Data +type1 +"\t\t\t"+type2+"\n\n\n";
}
db.close();
}
}
public class showpolice extends Activity{
String TABLE_NAME="POLICESTATIONS";
setContentView(R.layout.shwpol);
String Data="";
String headers="";
headers="LOCATION\t\t\t"+" \t\t"+"AREA\t\t\t"+"PHONE NO"+"\n\n";
{
do {
Data=Data +type1 +"\t\t\t\t\t\t"+type2+"\t\t\t\t"+type3+"\n\n\n";
Page 29 of 43
}
db.close();
}
}
public class showfirestation extends Activity{
String TABLE_NAME="FIRESTATIONS";
setContentView(R.layout.shwfrstn);
String Data="";
String headers="";
headers="AREA\t\t"+"LOCATION\t\t\t"+"PHONE NO"+"\n\n";
{
do {
Data=Data +type1 +"\t"+type2+"\t"+type3+"\n\n\n";
}
db.close();
}
}
public class showbloodbank extends Activity {
String TABLE_NAME="BLOODBANKS";
setContentView(R.layout.shwblbnk);
Page 30 of 43
String Data="";
String headers="";
headers="BLOOD GROUP\t"+"AVAILABLE \t"+"LOCATION"+"\t"+"PHONE NO"+"\n\n";
{
do {
Data=Data +"\t\t\t"+type1 +"\t\t\t\t"+type2+"\t\t\t\t"+type3+"\t\t\t\t"+type4+"\n\n\n";
}
db.close();
}
}
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
//import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.Spinner;
public class findingp extends Fragment {
String TABLE_NAME1="AREA_CODE";
public int i,j,k,n=4,i1,j1,s1,d1;

View view1 = inflater.inflate(R.layout.findpath, container, false);
Spinner spinner2=(Spinner)view1.findViewById(R.id.spinner2);
Spinner spinner3=(Spinner)view1.findViewById(R.id.spinner3);
Button button=(Button)view1.findViewById(R.id.button2);
TextView tv=(TextView)view1.findViewById(R.id.editText2);
List<String> Contact=new ArrayList<String>();
String query = "SELECT * FROM " + TABLE_NAME1;
Page 31 of 43
if (cur.moveToFirst()) {
do {
String type=cur.getString(1);
String str=type;
Contact.add(str);
} while (cur.moveToNext());
}
cur.close();
db.close();
//String [] s={"sre"};
ArrayAdapter<String> dataAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,Contact);
dataAdapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
spinner2.setAdapter(dataAdapter);
ArrayAdapter<String> dataAdapter1 = new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(),android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item,Contact);
dataAdapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item);
spinner3.setAdapter(dataAdapter1);
return view1;
}
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
Button button=(Button)getView().findViewById(R.id.button2);
public void onClick(View v1) {

String TABLE_NAME2="ROADS";
String area_name="name";
String area_code="code";
String TABLE_NAME1="AREA_CODE";
String temp="";
int w[][]=new int[][]{
{0,5,99,10},
{5,0,3,99},
{99,3,0,1},
{10,99,1,0}
};
int pre[][]=new int[][]{
{0,1,99,1},
{2,0,2,99},
{99,3,0,3},
{99,99,4,0}
};
int path[]=new int[4];
Spinner spinner2=(Spinner)getView().findViewById(R.id.spinner2);
Spinner spinner3=(Spinner)getView().findViewById(R.id.spinner3);
TextView tv=(TextView)getView().findViewById(R.id.editText2);
String s=spinner2.getSelectedItem().toString();
String d=spinner3.getSelectedItem().toString();
String query1="SELECT "+area_code+" FROM "+TABLE_NAME1+" WHERE "+area_name+"
LIKE '"+ s+"'";
Cursor cur=db.rawQuery(query1, null);
{
Page 32 of 43
temp=cur.getString(0);
}
s1=Integer.parseInt(temp);
String n1=temp;
cur.close();
db.close();
String c1="/storage/extSdCard/DB" + "/" + "disaster_databasefinaltests2";
SQLiteDatabase db1=SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(c1,null,0);
String query2="SELECT "+area_code+" FROM "+TABLE_NAME1+" WHERE "+area_name+"
LIKE '"+ d+"'";
Cursor cur2=db1.rawQuery(query2, null);
if(cur2.moveToFirst())
{
temp=cur2.getString(0);
}
d1=Integer.parseInt(temp);
cur2.close();
db1.close();
String cf="/storage/extSdCard/DB" + "/" + "disaster_databasefinaltests2";
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
{
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(w[i][j]>(w[i][k]+w[k][j]))
{
w[i][j]=w[i][k]+w[k][j];
pre[i][j]=pre[k][j];
}
}
}
}
i=1;
int l=1;
while(s1!=d1)
{
path[i]=pre[s1-1][d1-1];
d1=path[i];
i++;
l++;
}
String way="";
SQLiteDatabase db3=SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(c1,null,0);
String query3="SELECT * FROM "+TABLE_NAME1;
Cursor cur3=db3.rawQuery(query3, null);
for(i=l-1;i>=0;i--)
{
cur3.moveToFirst();
for(j=0;j<4;j++)
{
Page 33 of 43
int g=Integer.parseInt(cur3.getString(0));
if(g==path[i]&& i==0){
way=way+cur3.getString(1);
break;
}
else if(g==path[i] && i!=0)
{
way=way+cur3.getString(1)+"--->";
break;
}
cur3.moveToNext();
}
}
way=way+d;
tv.setText(way);
}
});
}
}
Code to share text message:

import android.widget.EditText;
public class Msg extends Fragment{
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.msgsnd, container, false);
Button button=(Button)view.findViewById(R.id.sendbuttn);
EditText editText1=(EditText)view.findViewById(R.id.msgip);
public void onClick(View v) {
Button button=(Button)getView().findViewById(R.id.sendbuttn);
EditText editText1=(EditText)getView().findViewById(R.id.msgip);
Intent senddata = new Intent();
senddata.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
senddata.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, editText1.getText().toString());
senddata.setType("text/plain");
startActivity(senddata);
}
});
return view;
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml for the application to access database and to create the database:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.accessdatabase"
Page 34 of 43
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.example.accessdatabase.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".FIRSTAID" />
<activity android:name=".Hospitals"/>
<activity android:name=".second"/>
<activity android:name=".Msg"/>
<activity android:name=".showhosp"/>
<activity android:name=".showpolice"/>
<activity android:name=".showbloodbank"/>
<activity android:name=".showmedicalcamp"/>
<activity android:name=".showfirestation"/>
</application>
</manifest>
activity_main.xml
<android.support.v4.app.FragmentTabHost
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@android:id/tabhost"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TabWidget
android:id="@android:id/tabs"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="0"/>
<FrameLayout
android:id="@android:id/tabcontent"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="0dp"
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/realtabcontent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
Page 35 of 43
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v4.app.FragmentTabHost>
shwhsp.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText1"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
android:layout_marginRight="93dp"
android:layout_marginTop="121dp"
android:ems="10" >
<requestFocus />
</EditText>
</RelativeLayout>
Hospitals.xml
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" >
</RelativeLayout>
shwblbnk.xml
</RelativeLayout>
showpol.xml
</RelativeLayout>
shwfrstn.xml
</RelativeLayout>
Page 36 of 43
shwmedcmp.xml
</RelativeLayout>
findpath.xml
<Spinner
android:id="@+id/spinner2"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_marginTop="48dp" />
<Spinner
android:layout_below="@+id/spinner2"
android:layout_marginTop="33dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_alignTop="@+id/spinner3"
android:layout_marginRight="25dp"
android:text="FIND" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/editText2"
android:layout_below="@+id/button2"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/button2"
android:ems="10" >
<requestFocus />
</EditText>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView1"
android:text="ENTER SOURCE"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_below="@+id/spinner2"
Page 37 of 43
android:text="ENTER DESTINATION"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceMedium" />
</RelativeLayout>
firstaid.xml
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/sub_frag"
android:layout_alignRight="@+id/sub_frag"
android:layout_marginBottom="76dp"
android:layout_marginRight="80dp" />
<Spinner
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:layout_centerVertical="true" />
</RelativeLayout>
msgsnd.xml
<EditText
android:id="@+id/msgip"
android:ems="10"
android:hint="TYPE MESSAGE HERE"
android:inputType="textMultiLine" >
<requestFocus />
</EditText>
<Button
android:id="@+id/sendbuttn"
android:layout_centerVertical="true"
android:text="SEND" />
</RelativeLayout>
Page 38 of 43
CHAPTER 6
Test, Results and Discussions:
The application was tested in a small area, i.e. Khidderpore. It is assumed that if the application can work in the small area, it would be
working for a bigger area.
KPM
10
NL
1
3
B
CMRI
Figure 5
Test code for the above graph:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void flyod(int [][4],int [][4]);
void main()
{
int i,j,k,n=4,s,t,path[20],c;
int w[][4]={ {0,5,99,10}, {5,0,3,99},{99,3,0,1},{10,99,1,0}};
int pre[][4]={ {0,1,99,1},{2,0,2,99},{99,3,0,3},{99,99,4,0}};
clrscr();
flyod(w,pre);
printf("\n pre:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
printf("\t%d",pre[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("wt\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
Page 39 of 43
printf("\t%d",w[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
printf("\n enter source and dest");
scanf("%d%d",&s,&t);
path[0]=t;
i=1;
c=1;
while(s!=t)
{
path[i]=pre[s-1][t-1];
t=path[i];
i++,c++;
}
for(i=c-1;i>=0;i--)
printf("->%d",path[i]);
getch();
}
void flyod(int w[][4],int pre[][4])
{
int i,j,k,n=4,i1,j1;
for(k=0;k<n;k++)
{
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<n;j++)
{
if(w[i][j]>(w[i][k]+w[k][j]))
{
w[i][j]=w[i][k]+w[k][j];
pre[i][j]=pre[k][j];
}
}
}
printf("\n k=%d",k);
Page 40 of 43
for(i1=0;i1<n;i1++)
{
for(j1=0;j1<n;j1++)
printf("\t%d",w[i1][j1]);
printf("\n");
}
}
}
Screenshot for the above graph:
Figure 6
The code was tested using C. 4 nodes- Khidderpore More (KPM), National Library (NL), Bodyguard (B) and Calcutta Medical Research
Institute (CMRI) was taken for the test case. The path between two nodes is calculated using Floyd-Warshall as shown above.
Page 41 of 43
CHAPTER 7
Future Prospects:
The application has been developed for an Android-based smart phone, because of Androids easy availability, userfriendliness and reasonable costs. In future, the application would be modified to be used by any other mobile operating system.
The MANET-based Disaster Management System uses Bluetooth to send messages. But Bluetooth has a limited range of
network availability. Wi-Fi direct and Mobile Adhoc networks can be used to exchange news between rescuers.
The Bellman-Ford algorithm is used to find the shortest path between the given source and destination. Due to implementation
complexities, the Djikstra algorithm was not used by the application. Johnsons algorithm and the Viterbi algorithm are also
optimal algorithms to find the shortest path, but these algorithms have huge time and space complexities. In future, the
Bellman-Ford algorithm would be replaced by Prims or Kruskals algorithm to find the shortest path between two nodes.
Conclusion:
Android-based Smartphones are easily available today at reasonable costs. So formation of MANETs during disasters can be done
economically and these can serve the rescuers in those areas. The Android-based application developed must have the following
requirements:
User interface must be simple, easy to learn, and fool-proof.
Devices do not need complicate setup procedure.
Devices must be fault-tolerant such that misusage will not crash a device.
Only basic functions are required, advanced features are optional.
The system must not demand high power, must be able to recharge using a portable power generator.
Without plenty of resources and time, it is not easy to develop a system that meets all the functional requirements listed above,
especially the first three. User-friendliness and robustness cost a fortune to achieve. Therefore, our recommendation is to trade
functionality for simplicity, developing basic functions only and giving up most advanced features.
The developed application, i.e. The Manet-based Disaster Management System has an integrated interface to both First Aid and Help
Desk functions. These tables altogether consist of such information as medical resources, rescue teams, shelter and life-support
resources.
During disasters, many victims saved from the debris die in minor injuries because of inefficiency of medical resource management. For
instance, they were not taken to the adequate hospitals in time resulting in fatal infections. Without a good arrangement system for
wounded victims, most rescued victims were probably sent to nearby hospitals. As a consequence, some hospitals were overcrowded
while others are underutilized. Victims must not waste their time hopping from hospitals to hospitals.
This problem can only be solved by communication among rescuers using Send Message. The rescuers would be able to send each
other messages about the relief centers using Bluetooth. When disaster strikes, the first thing to do is to dispatch pioneering rescue teams
to all potential stricken spots immediately to perform damage assessment. To save transportation time, Find Path is used to compute
the fastest route to the stricken spots. When the assessment reports become available, Help Desk can work together to allocate medical
and relief resources more accurately.
The most important lessons we learned from numerous disasters are that mobile communication system is vulnerable and the loss of
communication system and information network may have a catastrophic consequence. This documentation analyzes the causes that
paralyzed the entire communication systems in various disasters and proposes a Mobile-adhoc Network that uses android-based
Smartphones to construct a MANET based emergency communication and information system.
Page 42 of 43
Annexure:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Rescue Information System for Earthquake Disasters Based on MANET Emergency Communication Platform Hung-Chin Jang
Yao-Nan Lien Tzu-Chieh Tsai Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University
Professional Android Application Development by Roto Meier
Eclipse and Java for Total Beginners Tutorial Companion Document Eclipse And Java For Total Beginners Companion
Tutorial Document by Mark Dexter
ANDROID TUTORIAL Simply Easy Learning by tutorialspoint.com
A Mobile Ad Hoc Network Implementation for Android Smartphones David Flanagan Rochester Institute of Technology
A Propose Architecture of MANET for Disaster Area Architecture R.P.Mahapatra, Tanvir Ahmad Abbasi, and Mohd Suhaib
Abbasi
Introduction to Algorithms by Thomas H.Cormen, Charles E.Leiserson, Ronald L.Rivest, Clifford Stein
http://developer.android.com/reference/packages.html
http://androidhive.com
http://developer.android.com/reference/packages.html
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/android/
http://stackoverflow.com/
http://www.javacodegeeks.com/
http://www.javacode.in/
http://www.java2s.com/
http://www.programmingsimplified.com/java-source-codes
http://www.coreservlets.com/android-tutorial/
http://android.appstorm.net/roundups/developer/15-apps-for-programming-on-android/
http://www.linux.com/learn/docs/683628-android-programming-for-beginners-part-1
http://www.xda-developers.com/android/want-to-learn-how-to-program-for-android-start-here/
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/102065/Android-A-beginner-s-guide
https://code.google.com/p/android-query/
Page 43 of 43

MANET - Disaster Management

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MANET - Disaster Management

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INTRODUCTION

1.2 Problem Definition:

1.4 Tools and Platforms:

1.5 Brief Discussion on Problem:

Formation of ad hoc network:

Bellman Ford algorithm

1 let dist be a |V| |V| array of minimum

4 for each edge (u,v)

// the weight of the

for i from 1 to |V|

if dist[i][j] > dist[i][k] +

The User Interface:

onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)

getString(int columnIndex) Returns the value of the requested column as a String.

Get started with our application:

This is the opening page of The Manet-based Disaster

The Help Desk tab shows the option Hospitals/Nursing Homes.

The Fire Stations database will be accessed on selecting the Fire

The screenshots for text message transfer are as follows:

private static final String area_name="name";

public newhandler(Context context) {

db.insert(TABLE_NAME4, null, values);

public FirstAid(String ac,String i,String ar)

public String getphno(){

public String area_name;

public String camp_area_name;

private String center_facilities;

public String getType()

Code to access database and to create user interface:

Code to form the fragment list:

public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

Data=Data +"\t \t \t \t"+type1 +"\t \t \t \t"+name1+"\n\n";

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {

public void onClick(View v1) {

Code to share text message:

Screenshot for the above graph:

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