RESULT

(MOHD. SAYYID MUAMMAR BIN MOHD YATIM

A
B
C
D

2014434822)

DISCUSSION
(MOHD. SAYYID MUAMMAR BIN MOHD YATIM

2014434822)

The objectives of this experiment are to investigate the defects and quality of welding
bead of our weld product. But first, to weld on our metal, we need to consider a safety
requirement. Next, to create a good weld, I, myself stand or sit in proper position for
comfortable position. This allow me to use both hands in steady gun when weld. Before the
exact weld we were given a rehearse time of weld beforehand to make sure we can steadily
maintain a steady travel speed, arc length and electrode angle. However, from the result
shows above, it is shows that my outcome are not really good due to lack of experience in
welding and limited time given to practice.
From the results, there are 4 different types of welds which I tag it with letter A, B, C
and D. Those 4 weld are undergoes the same MIG weld process with same arc voltage, same
welding current and welding speed.
From the figure, it is shows that my outcome weld product are thin on the A and B.
A weld are the first trial of the exact weld while the D weld are the last weld of the exact
weld. In my observation for A and B, it is shows that my welding bead undergoes travel too
fast motion. Thus it creates a different kind of diameters bead-looks like. This is may be
because of not proper stick-out and arc length I had used. For C and D, The weld bead is too
thick. It is also might be because of the gun and electrode angles is not proper throughout the
welding process. Besides that, the welding that I have been done is not in straight line. Hence
the correct ways is to draw straight line using chalk and weld onto the line. And this will
result perfect line welding.
In the real industries application, there are many other type of defect such as:

Incomplete fusion. Incomplete fusion is a gap that occurs when the weld metal is not
completely fused to the base metal. This can happen between the weld metal and the
base metal or between passes in a multiple-pass weld. Solutions are to:
1. Reduce the travel speed.
2. Increase the welding current.
3. Clean the joint before welding.

Porosity. Porosity is a gas pocket in the weld metal that may be scattered in small
clusters or along the entire length of the weld. These voids, which can be internal
and/or on the surface of the weld bead, weaken the weld. Solutions may be to:
1. Increase the shield gas flow rate.
2. Use wind shields because drafts might deflect the shielding gas coverage.
3. Clean the welding gun's nozzle. The shielding gas flow gets blocked when
spatter builds up on the nozzle.
4. Replace the shielding cylinder when it gets wet or contaminated.
5. Lower the welding current, which reduces the wire feed speed.
6. Decrease the welding voltage.

Undercutting. Undercutting is a condition that occurs when a groove is melted in the

base metal next to the toe or root of a weld that is not filled by the weld metal. A
particular problem with fillet welds, undercutting produces a weaker joint at the toe
of the weld, which may result in cracking. To correct this problem:
1. Reduce the welding current.
2. Decrease the welding arc voltage.
3. Reduce travel speed so that the weld metal can fill completely all of the
melted-out areas of the base metal.
4. Clean the gun nozzle inside the contact tube or remove the jammed electrode
wire when erratic wire feed occurs.
5. Pause at each side of the weld bead when using a weaving technique.
6. Check and adjust the electrode angle.

When overlapping occurs, the weld metal protrudes over the edge or toe of the weld
bead. You can:
1. Increase travel speed because the weld puddle is getting ahead of the
electrode.
2. Use higher welding current.
3. Correct electrode angles, because an incorrect angle permits the force of the
arc to push the molten weld metal over unfazed sections of the base metal.

CONCLUSION
(MOHD. SAYYID MUAMMAR BIN MOHD YATIM

2014434822)

In conclusion, the objective of this experiment was achieved. The types of defect that
might be occur during the welding process onto our welding bead was understood how it
happen. There are several types of defect and from the observation and background research
on defects of welding bead; we can discuss what is happening on our welding bead. In future
reference, when it comes to joining process which in this case, is welding process, practice
need to be done to make the joining in perfect way. Plus, current of the supply need to watch
carefully as thicker the material, the higher the current the welding machine.