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TABLE OF CONTENTS
04 AERIAL VIEW
05 SUMMARY
06 INTRODUCTION
07 BACKGROUND
surrounding influence
park zones
entrances
circulation paths
park furniture
13 EXISTING CONDITIONS
existing light levels
14 LIGHTING DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
glare
light pollution
17 CRIME PREVENTION STRATEGIES
CPTED recommendations
18 LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
lighting zones
pathway
landscape
architectural
entrances
11th avenue
29 COST ESTIMATES
CONTENTS | 3
AERIAL VIEW
ol
iv
ay
e john st
12th ave
11th ave
broadway
e denny way
e pine st
e pike st
so
di
st
em
NOT TO SCALE
AERIAL VIEW | 4
SUMMARY
This Lighting Master Plan (the Plan) was developed through a process
involving the Capitol Hill Chamber of Commerce, Capitol Hill Arts District,
the Seattle Neighborhood Groups CPTED Advisor, and the dark | light
design team.
The Plan proposes lighting improvements for the park based upon
current lighting technologies and safety considerations. The goal of the
proposed improvements is to address the visual needs of park visitors,
enhance the nighttime experience of the landscape, and reinforce the
historic character of the parks design.
The Plan presents overall concepts for luminaires, light sources, and
illumination levels. It also presents detailed recommendations to serve as
a framework for future lighting improvements.
Implementation of the Plan presented in this document is pending project
funding and detailed design and engineering.
SUMMARY | 5
INTRODUCTION
Today Cal Anderson Park is home to over 10 acres of beloved
public space within one of Seattles densest and fastest growing
neighborhoods, Capitol Hill.
Its history began in 1901 as Lincoln Reservoir. It wasnt until 1904, when
the Olmsted brothers surveyed and redesigned the park to include a
public play field, that it became a community gathering place. By 1922,
its popularity garnered it a new name, the Broadway Play field.
In 2003 the reservoir was covered, opening up space for expanses of
open lawn areas, a reflection pool, childrens playground, and winding
paths. The space of Cal Anderson Park is treasured as a breath of fresh
air from the intensity and density of the surrounding neighborhood and
city beyond. It acts as an outdoor living room and common ground for
many of the residents of, and visitors to, Capitol Hill.
1904
1992
1995
2002
INTRODUCTION | 6
BACKGROUND
SURROUNDING INFLUENCE
expected 2016
e denny way
12th ave
11th ave
nagle pl
broadway
e howell st
e olive st
e pine st
RETAIL / DINING
ART VENUES + RESOURCES
EDUCATION
TRANSIT STATION
RELIGIOUS CENTERS / COMMUNITY
SERVICES
CLOSED TO PUBLIC
BACKGROUND | 7
BACKGROUND
PARK ZONES
BACKGROUND | 8
BACKGROUND
PARK ZONES
HERITAGE TREE
FOUNTAIN
TEXTURE POOL
REFLECTION POOL
GATE HOUSE
CHILDRENS PLAYGROUND
WADING POOL
SUNBOWL
SHELTERHOUSE
COURTS
PLAYFIELD
BACKGROUND | 9
BACKGROUND
ENTRANCES
10
NAGLE PL / HOWELL ST
PINE ST / NAGLE PL
BACKGROUND | 10
BACKGROUND
CIRCULATION PATHS
East to West routes at Howell Street
and Olive Street are often used by those
passing directly through the park. The
winding paths of the park more naturally
cater to a slower circulation that allows
visitors to stop along the path, rest on
park furniture, or cross into open grass
spaces.
BACKGROUND | 11
BACKGROUND
PARK FURNITURE
BACKGROUND | 12
EXISTING CONDITIONS
LIGHT LEVELS
EXISTING CONDITIONS | 13
OMNIDIRECTIONAL
SEMI-DIRECTIONAL
DIRECTIONAL
LIGHT DISTRIBUTIONS
OMNIDIRECTIONAL
OMNIDIRECTIONAL LIGHTING AND THE SKYGLOW EFFECT
Action items found within the Draft CPTED Recommendations for Cal
Anderson Park: Natural Surveillance & Territorial Definition After Dark
+ lighting equipment must:
(1) be vandal proof as much as possible and
(2) not produce glare
+ perimeter recommendations:
(1) no glare exposure at eye level (north and east)
(2) delineate park boundary with light (north and east)
(3) explore lighting in tree canopies (east)
(4) illuminate new pump house structure (west)
+ entrance recommendations:
(1) integrate path, surface, and landscape lighting
(2) replace historical replica globes with a less glaring luminaire
+ interior recommendations:
(1) use fully shielded and full cutoff fixtures
(2) apply additional path lighting throughout the park
(3) support focal points throughout the park
(4) provide very low levels of light in the childrens play area to
allow passerbyers to observe problems
(5) use step-down lighting to support dark adaptation as people
transition into darker areas near the play field
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
LIGHTING ZONES
pathway: primary goals within the circulation zones of the park are to
increase the amount of light on the path surface, decrease glare in the
visual field, and, in the same location, increase contrast on the path
surface to create a processional pattern on the pathway.
landscape: several peripheral landscape zones throughout the park
offer an opportunity to light plants and trees to increase comfort and
feelings of security in especially dark areas.
architectural: the fountain, gatehouse, and shelterhouse are
architectural elements that are visible from many viewpoints throughout
the park. Applying light to these features will enhance the sense of place
in the parks nighttime environment by providing visual points of interest
throughout the park.
entrances: lighting at the various entrances to the park should be
welcoming while reducing the glare problem that currently exists.
Additionally, visual consistency between entry points is important for a
cohesive park identity.
11th ave: the pedestrian sidewalk along the 11th avenue park edge is in
need of increased lighting at the walking surface for safety reasons. To
further increase the quality of space, lighting of the trees overhead and
other landscape elements is recommended.
PATHWAY, ENTRANCES
LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURAL
11th AVENUE
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 18
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
PATHWAY
OPTION 1
LED LIGHT ENGINE RETROFIT
retrofit globes with downward-directed LED
light engines, addition of supplemental in-grade
directional marker lights
OPTION 2
LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTION
replace globe luminaires with a historically
referential direct LED fixture, addition of
supplemental in-grade directional marker lights
OPTION 3
LED FLOODLIGHT ADDITION
refurbish existing globe luminaires, mount a
small scale LED flood light at the base of the
globe to aim at the path directional marker lights
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 19
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
PATHWAY
01 / LED LIGHT ENGINE RETROFIT
AMERLUX AVISTA
input: 40W
output: 3500 lumens
color temperature: 3500K
CRI: 80+
additional: asymmetric distribution option
available
PROS:
+ no changes to the existing form, easing
approval process
+ higher light levels on ground than existing
condition
+ increased color rendering
+ longer life than existing source
CONS:
- does not change problem of discomfort
glare in field of vision across the park
- light levels are still very uniform,
reinforcing lack of visual interst
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 20
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
PATHWAY
02 / LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTION
New lens technology can offer the soft
appearance of indirect illumination but with the
energy efficacy of a direct luminaire. Surface
brightness (or luminance) is measured in
candela per square meter. Available materials
will reduce this glare indicating value in a direct
luminaire by 76%, with only a 21% reduction in
light output. These reductions are capable of
vastly improving both the quality of light and the
environment being lit.
input: 40W
output: 2000 lumens
color temperature: 3500K
CRI: 80+
additional: soft-view diffusion lens
PROS:
+ only 1% uplight
+ minimimal glare, soft view lens
CONS:
- a luminaire form change may mean
some difficulty getting approval from some
reviewing bodies
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 21
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
PATHWAY
03 / LED FLOOD LIGHT ADDITION
BK DELTASTAR
input: 8W
output: 350 lumens
color temperature: 3500K
CRI: 90+
optic: medium flood
additional: include 45 cap and
honeycomb baffle
PROS:
+ increases light level on the
pathway
+ processional pools of light on
path surfaces aid in wayfinding
throughout the park
CONS:
- intensive installation process
- does not reduce existing glare from
globe fixtures
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 22
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
PATHWAY - WAYFINDING LAYER
WE-EF EFC120
input: 10W
output: 750 lumens
color temperature: 3500K
CRI: 80+
additional: single sided distribution
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 23
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
PATHWAY
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON PLANS
0 / EXISTING CONDITION
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 24
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
PATHWAY
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON AXONOMETRICS
0 / EXISTING CONDITION
ILLUMINANCE
(footcandles)
2 / LED LUMINAIRE WITH DIRECT DISTRIBUTION
2.00+
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 25
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
LANDSCAPE
BK DELTASTAR SHOWN
input: 8W
output: 350 lumens
color temperature: 3500K
CRI: 90+
optic: spot
additional:
- 12 tall aluminum tapered pole, 4
diameter at base
- four flood lights mounted 10 or
higher
- include 45 cap and a
honeycomb baffle
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 26
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
ARCHITECTURAL
FOUNTAIN
The currently installed fountain
luminaires are not operational. This
could be because they need relamping
or because the fixtures have failed. In
any case, to ensure long-lived operation,
the fixtures should be replaced with a
similarly performing fixture with an LED
light source.
GATEHOUSE
Applying light to the gatehouse will
create a visual anchor visible throughout
the park. Linear LED light tape in an
aluminum extrusion can be mounted
around the cornice to create a soft
ring of light at the top of the building.
Additional LED lighting can be installed
along the base of each windowsill to
light up in the arched cavities. These
simple treatments will softly illuminate
the architecture of the gatehouse
without creating an overwhelming visual
element within the nighttime landscape.
SHELTERHOUSE
The evening lighting conditions of the
shelterhouse plaza should reflect its
significance as a communal gathering
place. Currently, the high contrast
lighting conditions of the space make
it an undesirable place to be. Installing
narrow beam luminaires to light the
side of each column (to highlight
architecture), as well as several wide
beam downlights throughout the space
(to provide task illumination), will lower
contrast and create more inviting layers
of light.
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 27
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS
ENTRANCES
11TH AVENUE
The multihead poles shown on page 24 can be applied to the landscaping on the
western side of the 11th Avenue sidewalk to alleviate the darkness on both the
ground surface and the greenery overhead. Providing light in multiple directions
serves two purposes: illuminates the sidewalk surface, which is uneven and a
trip hazard, and providing light on vegetation, which surrounds and covers the
sidewalk, to increase the perception of security.
Mounting fixtures in the boulevard strip on the east side of the sidewalk would be
challenging, given that because this area is within the right-of-way, lighting would
typically be provided by Seattle City Light, which has a very limited palette of
pedestrian-scale fixtures available for use, and mounting locations, given current
tree locations, would be difficult to find.
LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS | 28
COST ESTIMATES
Price estimates below indicate currently-researched product costs, installation expenses,
and an estimated contingency to account for permitting, design fees, escalation, and
unexpected installation conditions.
PATHWAY
LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURAL
scheme 01
LED light engine retrofit
$120,000
scheme 02
LED direct luminaire
$210,000
scheme 03
LED flood light attachment
$105,000
$145,000
$385,000
fountain
$105,000
gatehouse
$70,000
shelterhouse
$15,000
$45,000
$15,000
ENTRANCES
11th AVENUE
12 multihead poles
cost included in
Landscape estimate
OPTION 02
LED direct luminaire, with
marker lights
OPTION 03
LED flood light attachment
$870,000
$960,000
$780,000
COST ESTIMATES | 29
dark | light
END OF DOCUMENT