Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Manual
Version 7
4th Edition
50512730
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TableofContents
Chapter1Introduction................................................................19
1.1WhatisinthisManual?................................................................19
1.2ImportantChanges.......................................................................20
TableofContentsintheLibraryEditor........................................20
ImprovedTreeViewintheControlPanel....................................20
HierarchicalSchematicDesign.....................................................20
NewIconDesign..........................................................................21
Autorouter....................................................................................21
NewCommands...........................................................................21
1.3GeneralCommentsAboutEAGLEComponentLibraries..............21
1.4TechnicalTerms............................................................................22
Chapter2Installation.................................................................25
2.1WhatYouNeed.............................................................................25
2.2InstallationoftheEAGLEpackage................................................25
Windows......................................................................................25
Linux............................................................................................26
MacOSX......................................................................................27
2.3UpdatinganOlderVersion...........................................................28
FirstBackup,ThenInstall............................................................28
NotesonLibraryFiles...................................................................28
InCaseofChangesintheFileDataStructure..............................29
2.4ChangingorExtendingtheLicense..............................................29
2.5MultipleUserLicenses..................................................................30
NotesforInstallinginaNetwork..................................................30
SpecialInstructionsUnderWindows............................................31
PathInformation........................................................................31
DifferentOperatingSystemsattheWorkingComputers............31
2.6LanguageSettings.........................................................................31
Windows......................................................................................32
LinuxandMacOSX.....................................................................32
Chapter3EAGLEModulesandEditions......................................33
3.1EAGLEModules............................................................................33
TheLayoutEditor.........................................................................33
SchematicEditor..........................................................................33
Autorouter....................................................................................34
3.2DifferentEditions..........................................................................34
Table of Contents
ProfessionalEdition......................................................................34
General......................................................................................34
LayoutEditor.............................................................................35
SchematicEditor........................................................................35
AutorouterModule.....................................................................36
StandardEdition..........................................................................36
FreeTrail......................................................................................37
LightEdition.................................................................................37
Chapter4AFirstLookatEAGLE.................................................39
4.1TheControlPanel.........................................................................39
Documentation.............................................................................40
LibrarySummary..........................................................................40
DesignRules.................................................................................42
UserLanguagePrograms,Scripts,CAMJobs................................42
Projects.........................................................................................42
MenuBar......................................................................................43
FileMenu...................................................................................43
ViewMenu.................................................................................45
OptionsMenu............................................................................45
WindowMenu...........................................................................49
HelpMenu.................................................................................49
4.2TheSchematicEditorWindow.....................................................49
HowYouObtainDetailedInformationAboutaCommand...........51
BubbleHelpAndToolTips........................................................51
HelpFunction...........................................................................51
CommandParameters..................................................................52
GRID.........................................................................................52
TheActionToolbar.......................................................................53
USE...........................................................................................53
SCRIPT......................................................................................53
RUN..........................................................................................53
WINDOW..................................................................................53
UNDO/REDO............................................................................54
StopIcon...................................................................................54
GoIcon......................................................................................55
TheCommandToolbarofTheSchematicEditor..........................55
INFO.........................................................................................55
SHOW.......................................................................................55
DISPLAY....................................................................................55
MARK........................................................................................56
MOVE........................................................................................56
4
Table of Contents
COPY.........................................................................................56
MIRROR....................................................................................56
ROTATE....................................................................................57
GROUP......................................................................................57
CHANGE...................................................................................57
PASTE.......................................................................................57
DELETE.....................................................................................57
ADD..........................................................................................58
PINSWAP..................................................................................58
GATESWAP...............................................................................58
REPLACE...................................................................................58
NAME........................................................................................58
VALUE.......................................................................................58
SMASH......................................................................................59
MITER.......................................................................................59
SPLIT........................................................................................59
INVOKE.....................................................................................59
WIRE.........................................................................................59
TEXT.........................................................................................60
CIRCLE......................................................................................60
ARC...........................................................................................60
RECT.........................................................................................60
POLYGON.................................................................................60
BUS...........................................................................................60
NET...........................................................................................61
JUNCTION................................................................................61
LABEL.......................................................................................61
ATTRIBUTE...............................................................................61
DIMENSION..............................................................................61
MODULE...................................................................................62
PORT.........................................................................................62
ERC...........................................................................................62
CommandsNotAvailableintheCommandToolbar.....................62
ASSIGN......................................................................................62
CLASS........................................................................................62
CLOSE........................................................................................62
CUT............................................................................................62
EDIT...........................................................................................63
FRAME.......................................................................................63
EXPORT.....................................................................................63
LAYER........................................................................................63
MENU........................................................................................63
5
Table of Contents
OPEN.........................................................................................64
PACKAGE...................................................................................64
PRINT........................................................................................64
QUIT..........................................................................................64
REMOVE....................................................................................64
SET............................................................................................64
TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................64
UPDATE.....................................................................................65
VARIANT....................................................................................65
WRITE........................................................................................65
MouseKeys..................................................................................65
SelectingNeighbouringObjects.................................................65
4.3TheLayoutEditorWindow...........................................................66
TheCommandsontheLayoutCommandToolbar.......................67
INFO.........................................................................................67
SHOW.......................................................................................67
DISPLAY....................................................................................67
MARK........................................................................................68
MOVE........................................................................................68
COPY.........................................................................................69
MIRROR....................................................................................69
ROTATE....................................................................................69
GROUP......................................................................................69
CHANGE...................................................................................70
PASTE.......................................................................................70
DELETE.....................................................................................70
ADD..........................................................................................70
PINSWAP..................................................................................71
REPLACE...................................................................................71
LOCK.........................................................................................71
NAME........................................................................................71
VALUE.......................................................................................71
SMASH......................................................................................71
MITER.......................................................................................72
SPLIT........................................................................................72
OPTIMIZE.................................................................................72
MEANDER.................................................................................72
ROUTE......................................................................................72
RIPUP........................................................................................73
WIRE.........................................................................................73
TEXT.........................................................................................73
CIRCLE......................................................................................74
6
Table of Contents
ARC...........................................................................................74
RECT.........................................................................................74
POLYGON.................................................................................74
VIA............................................................................................75
SIGNAL.....................................................................................75
HOLE........................................................................................75
ATTRIBUTE...............................................................................75
DIMENSION..............................................................................75
RATSNEST................................................................................76
AUTO........................................................................................76
ERC...........................................................................................76
DRC...........................................................................................76
ERRORS....................................................................................77
4.4TheLibraryEditorWindow..........................................................77
TableOfContents.........................................................................77
ImportantIconsintheLibraryEditor...........................................79
ThePackageEditingMode...........................................................79
DesignNewPackage..................................................................80
PAD...........................................................................................80
SMD..........................................................................................80
TheSymbolEditingMode............................................................80
DesignaNewSymbol................................................................81
PIN............................................................................................81
TheDeviceEditingmode..............................................................81
CreateActualComponentsfromSymbolsandPackages............82
ADD..........................................................................................82
NAME........................................................................................83
CHANGE...................................................................................83
PACKAGE...................................................................................83
CONNECT..................................................................................83
PREFIX.......................................................................................83
VALUE........................................................................................83
TECHNOLOGY...........................................................................83
ATTRIBUTE...............................................................................83
DESCRIPTION............................................................................84
4.5TheCAMProcessor.......................................................................84
GenerateData..............................................................................85
StartingtheCAMProcessor........................................................85
LoadJobFile..............................................................................85
LoadBoard.................................................................................85
SetOutputParameters...............................................................85
7
Table of Contents
StartOutput...............................................................................85
DefineNewJob..........................................................................86
4.6TheTextEditorWindow..............................................................86
Chapter5PrinciplesforWorkingwithEAGLE............................87
5.1CommandInputPossibilities........................................................87
ActivateCommandandSelectObject...........................................87
CommandLine.............................................................................87
HistoryFunction...........................................................................88
TheContextMenu........................................................................88
FunctionKeys...............................................................................89
ScriptFiles....................................................................................90
MixedInput..................................................................................91
5.2TheEAGLECommandLanguage..................................................91
TypographicalConventions..........................................................91
EnterkeyandSemicolon............................................................91
BoldTypeorUpperCase............................................................92
LowerCase.................................................................................92
Underscore.................................................................................92
Spaces........................................................................................92
AlternativeParameters...............................................................92
RepetitionPoints........................................................................93
MouseClick................................................................................93
EnteringCoordinatesasText.......................................................93
Relativevalues:..........................................................................94
Polarvalues:..............................................................................94
RightMouseClick:.....................................................................95
Modifier:....................................................................................95
5.3GridsandtheCurrentUnits..........................................................96
5.4AliasesforDISPLAY,GRID,andWINDOW...................................97
Example:DISPLAYAlias...............................................................97
Example:GRIDAlias....................................................................98
Example:WINDOWAlias.............................................................98
Editing,Renaming,DeletingofanAlias.......................................98
5.5NamesandAutomaticNaming.....................................................99
Length..........................................................................................99
ForbiddenandSpecialCharacters................................................99
AutomaticNaming.......................................................................99
5.6ImportandExportofData..........................................................100
Table of Contents
ScriptFilesandDataImport.......................................................100
FileExportUsingtheEXPORTCommand..................................101
DIRECTORY.............................................................................101
NETLIST...................................................................................101
NETSCRIPT..............................................................................101
PARTLIST.................................................................................101
PINLIST....................................................................................101
SCRIPT.....................................................................................102
IMAGE......................................................................................102
LIBRARIES...............................................................................103
5.7TheEAGLEUserLanguage.........................................................103
5.8Forward&BackAnnotation.........................................................104
5.9ConfiguringEAGLEIndividually.................................................105
ConfigurationCommands...........................................................105
TheMenuOptions/Set(SETCommand)....................................105
DisplayCertainLayersOnly.....................................................106
ContextMenuEntries..............................................................106
ContentsofTheParameterMenus...........................................106
ConfirmMessageDialogsAutomatically..................................107
ColorSettings.............................................................................107
MiscellaneousSETOptions........................................................110
Theeagle.scrFile........................................................................112
TheeaglercFile..........................................................................113
EAGLEProjectFile......................................................................114
Chapter6FromSchematictoFinishedBoard...........................115
6.1CreatingtheSchematicDiagram................................................115
OpentheSchematicDiagram.....................................................115
SettheGrid................................................................................116
PlaceSymbols.............................................................................116
LoadDrawingFrame................................................................116
PlaceCircuitSymbols(Gates)..................................................118
HiddenSupplyGates................................................................118
DeviceswithSeveralGates......................................................119
DesignlinkAccesstoFarnell'sOnlineProductDatabase........120
WiringtheSchematicDiagram...................................................120
DrawNets(NET).....................................................................120
DefiningCrossReferencesforNets..........................................121
CrossReferencesforContacts..................................................122
SpecifyingNetClasses..............................................................123
Drawingabus(BUS)...............................................................125
Table of Contents
PinswapandGateswap...............................................................126
PowerSupply.............................................................................127
DefineAttributes........................................................................128
GlobalAttributes......................................................................128
AttributesforElements............................................................129
ERCCheckandCorrectSchematic...........................................131
OrganizeSchematicSheets........................................................133
PointstoNotefortheSchematicEditor......................................134
SuperimposedPins...................................................................134
OpenPinswhenMOVEing.......................................................134
DuplicatingaSectionoftheSchematic......................................134
WithConsistentLayout............................................................134
MergeDifferentSchematicFiles.................................................134
WithConsistentLayout............................................................135
MultiChannelDevices.............................................................135
6.2TheHierarchicalSchematic........................................................136
CreatingaModule......................................................................137
DefinePorts................................................................................139
UsingModuleInstances..............................................................140
ResultingComponentNamesintheLayout................................141
ModulInstanceName:PartName................................................141
Offset.......................................................................................141
AssemblyVariantsforModules..................................................142
SpecialFeaturesbetweenSchematicandLayout.......................142
SHOWcommand......................................................................142
Consistency..............................................................................142
6.3ConsiderationsPriortoCreatingaBoard...................................143
CheckingtheComponentLibraries.............................................143
AgreementwiththeBoardManufacturer...................................143
SpecifyingtheDesignRules.......................................................144
GeneralPrinciples....................................................................144
Layers.......................................................................................145
MinimumClearanceandDistance............................................146
Sizes.........................................................................................147
Restring(PadandViaDiameter).............................................147
Shapes......................................................................................149
Supply......................................................................................151
Masks.......................................................................................151
Misc..........................................................................................152
6.4CreateBoard...............................................................................153
10
Table of Contents
WithouttheSchematicEditor.....................................................154
SpecifytheBoardOutline...........................................................154
ArrangeComponents..................................................................155
AttributesforComponentsandGlobalAttributes.......................158
BoardswithComponentsonBothSides.....................................158
ExchangingPackages..................................................................158
PACKAGECommand................................................................158
REPLACEcommand.................................................................160
ChangingtheTechnology...........................................................160
DefineForbiddenAreas..............................................................160
RoutingPlacingTracksManually............................................161
DefiningaCopperPlanewithPOLYGON...................................163
6.5DRCCheckingtheLayoutandCorrectingErrors.....................166
TheDRCErrorsWindow............................................................167
ErrorMessagesandtheirMeaning.............................................169
6.6MultilayerBoards.......................................................................172
InnerLayer.................................................................................172
SupplyLayerswithPolygonsandMorethanOneSignal.........172
RestictedAreasForPolygons...................................................173
MultilayerBoardswithThroughVias.........................................173
LayerSetup..............................................................................173
MultilayerwithBlindandBuriedVias........................................174
Disambiguation........................................................................174
DisplayingVias.........................................................................175
LayerSetup..............................................................................175
HintsForWorkingWithBlind,Buried,andMicroVias............180
MicroViaASpecialCaseofBlindVia.....................................181
6.7EditingandUpdatingComponents............................................182
OpenDevice/Symbol/Package...................................................182
UpdatingProject(LibraryUpdate).............................................182
6.8DifferentialPairsAndMeanders.................................................183
RoutingDifferentialPairs...........................................................183
Meanders....................................................................................185
LengthBalanceforaDifferentialPair......................................185
SpecifyingaCertainLength.....................................................185
SymmetricandAsymmetricMeanders.....................................185
LengthToleranceDisplay.........................................................186
Measuringsignallengths..........................................................186
6.9AssemblyVariants.......................................................................187
11
Table of Contents
CreatingAssemblyVariants........................................................187
AssemblyVariantsandCAMProcessor.......................................188
6.10PrintOutSchematicandLayout...............................................189
SettingsofthePrintDialog........................................................189
6.11CombiningSmallCircuitBoardsonaCommonPanel.............192
6.12ConsistencyLostbetweenSchematicandLayout.....................193
CriteriaForConsistency.............................................................195
ConsistencyIndicator.................................................................196
Chapter7TheAutorouter.........................................................197
7.1BasicFeatures.............................................................................197
7.2WhatCanbeExpectedfromtheAutorouter..............................198
7.3ControllingtheAutorouter.........................................................198
BusRouter..................................................................................199
RoutingPass...............................................................................199
TopRouter..................................................................................199
Optimization..............................................................................199
7.4WhatHastobeDefinedBeforeAutorouting..............................200
DesignRules...............................................................................200
TrackWidthandNetClasses......................................................200
Grid............................................................................................200
PlacementGrid........................................................................200
RoutingGrid............................................................................201
MemoryRequirement.................................................................202
Layer..........................................................................................202
PreferredDirections...................................................................203
RestrictedAreasfortheAutorouter............................................203
CostFactorsandOtherControlParameters...............................204
7.5TheAutorouterMenu.................................................................205
AutorouterMainSetup...............................................................205
RoutingVariantsDialog.............................................................206
7.6HowtheCostFactorsInfluencetheRoutingProcess.................208
LayerCosts.................................................................................209
cfBase.xx:0..20........................................................................209
Costs...........................................................................................209
cfVia:0..99...............................................................................209
cfNonPref:0..10.......................................................................209
cfChangeDir:0..25...................................................................209
cfOrthStep,cfDiagStep.............................................................210
cfExtdStep:0..30......................................................................210
cfBonusStep,cfMalusStep:1..3................................................210
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Table of Contents
cfPadImpact,cfSmdImpact:0..10.............................................210
cfBusImpact:0..10...................................................................210
cfHugging:0..5........................................................................211
cfAvoid0..10............................................................................211
cfPolygon0..30........................................................................211
Maximum...................................................................................211
mnVia0..30.............................................................................211
mnSegments0..9999...............................................................211
mnExtdSteps0..9999...............................................................211
7.7NumberofRipup/RetryAttempts..............................................211
7.8RoutingMultiLayerBoardswithPolygons................................212
7.9BackupandInterruptionofRouting...........................................213
7.10InformationfortheUser...........................................................213
StatusDisplay.............................................................................213
Logfile.......................................................................................215
7.11EvaluatetheResults.................................................................215
7.12ParametersofaControlFile.....................................................216
7.13PracticalHints...........................................................................217
General.......................................................................................217
SingleSidedBoards...................................................................217
SMDBoardsWithSupplyLayers................................................218
Whatcanbedoneifnotallsignalsarerouted?..........................218
7.14TheFollowmeRouter..............................................................218
PartialandFullMode.................................................................219
Configuration.............................................................................219
RoutingParameters....................................................................220
Notes..........................................................................................221
Chapter8ComponentDesignExplainedthroughExamples.....223
8.1DefinitionofaSimpleResistor...................................................223
ResistorPackage.........................................................................224
DefineaNewPackage..............................................................224
SettheGrid..............................................................................224
SolderPads..............................................................................224
PadName.................................................................................225
SilkscreenandDocumentationPrint........................................225
Labeling...................................................................................226
Restrictedareaforcomponents................................................227
Description...............................................................................227
Note.........................................................................................227
13
Table of Contents
ResistorSymbol..........................................................................227
DefineaNewSymbol...............................................................227
SettheGrid..............................................................................228
PlacethePins...........................................................................228
PinNames................................................................................230
SchematicSymbol....................................................................230
Description...............................................................................230
ResistorDevice...........................................................................231
DefineaNewDevice................................................................231
Selecting,NamingandConfiguringSymbols...........................231
SelectingthePackage...............................................................232
ConnectionsBetweenPinsandPads........................................232
DefinePrefix............................................................................233
Value........................................................................................233
Description...............................................................................234
Save.........................................................................................234
LibraryDescription.....................................................................235
UseLibrary.................................................................................235
8.2DefiningaComplexDevice.........................................................235
CreatingaNewLibrary..............................................................237
DrawingthePinLeadedPackage...............................................237
SettheGrid..............................................................................238
PlacePads................................................................................238
PadName.................................................................................239
DrawtheSilkScreenSymbol...................................................239
PackageNameandPackageValue...........................................239
AreasForbiddentoComponents..............................................240
Description...............................................................................240
Save.........................................................................................241
DefiningtheSMDPackage.........................................................241
SettheGrid..............................................................................242
PlacingSMDSolderPads.........................................................243
SMDNames.............................................................................244
DrawtheSilkScreen................................................................245
PackageNameandPackageValue...........................................245
AreaForbiddentoComponents................................................245
LocatingPoint(Origin)............................................................246
Description...............................................................................246
Save.........................................................................................246
DefiningtheLogicSymbolfortheSchematicDiagram...............247
ChecktheGrid.........................................................................247
PlacethePins...........................................................................247
14
Table of Contents
PinName.................................................................................248
DrawtheSymbol......................................................................248
PlaceholdersforNAMEandVALUE..........................................248
Description...............................................................................248
Save.........................................................................................248
DefiningaPowerSupplySymbol...............................................249
ChecktheGrid.........................................................................249
PlacethePins...........................................................................249
PinName.................................................................................250
PlaceholdersforNAMEandVALUE..........................................250
AssociatingthePackagesandSymbolstoFormaDeviceSet.....251
SelectSymbols.........................................................................251
NamingtheGates.....................................................................251
SpecifyAddlevelandSwaplevel...............................................252
ChoosingthePackageVariants................................................252
TheConnectCommand............................................................253
DefiningTechnologies..............................................................255
SpecifyingthePrefix................................................................255
Value........................................................................................255
Description...............................................................................256
Save.........................................................................................256
8.3SupplyVoltages..........................................................................257
ComponentPowerSupplyPins...................................................257
InvisibleSupplyPins................................................................257
PinswiththeSameNames.........................................................258
8.4OnePinMultiplePadsConnections.........................................259
8.5SupplySymbols..........................................................................260
8.6Attributes....................................................................................261
DefineAttributes........................................................................261
DisplayAttributes.......................................................................264
PlaceholdersinSymbolandPackage.......................................264
8.7ExternalDeviceswithoutPackages............................................265
8.8LabelingofSchematicSymbols..................................................265
8.9MoreabouttheAddlevelParameter...........................................266
Summary....................................................................................266
Relay:CoilandFirstContactmustbePlaced.............................266
Connector:SomeConnectionPinscanbeOmitted....................267
ConnectorwithFixingHoleandRestrictedArea........................268
8.10DefiningComponentswithContactCrossReferences..............269
15
Table of Contents
DefineSymbol............................................................................269
DefineDevice.............................................................................269
DefinePackage...........................................................................270
8.11DrawingFrames.......................................................................270
8.12ComponentsontheSolderSide...............................................272
8.13ComponentswithOblongHoles...............................................272
8.14ArbitraryPadShapes................................................................273
8.15CreatingNewPackageVariants................................................274
PackagefromAnotherLibrary....................................................274
DefiningthePackageVariant...................................................274
ConnectCommand...................................................................275
DefiningTechnologies..............................................................276
Save.........................................................................................276
UsingaModifiedPackagefromAnotherLibrary........................276
CopyingthePackage................................................................276
DefiningtheVariant.................................................................277
8.16DefiningPackagesinAnyRotation...........................................277
RotatingaPackageasaWhole...................................................277
PackageswithRadialPadArrangement.....................................278
8.17LibraryandPartManagement..................................................279
CopyingofLibraryElements......................................................279
WithinaLibrary.......................................................................279
FromOneLibraryintoAnother................................................280
CompositionofYourownLibraries..........................................282
RemovingandRenamingLibraryElements................................282
UpdatePackagesinLibraries......................................................282
Chapter9PreparingManufacturingData.................................285
9.1WhichDatadoweNeedforBoardManufacture?......................285
GerberPlotData.........................................................................286
GERBER_RS274X.....................................................................286
GERBERAUTOandGERBER....................................................287
DrillData....................................................................................287
EXCELLON...............................................................................287
EXCELLON_RACK....................................................................287
SM1000andSM3000..............................................................288
FurtherDrillDataDevices........................................................288
PrototypeManufactureWithaMillingMachine.........................288
outlines.ulp..............................................................................288
milloutlines.ulp.......................................................................288
16
Table of Contents
FilmGenerationUsingPostScriptFiles.......................................289
PrintingonaFilm.......................................................................289
DataforPickandplaceMachinesandIncircuitTesters............290
Documentation...........................................................................290
PartsList..................................................................................290
DrillPlan..................................................................................291
DrillLegend.............................................................................292
AssemblyVariants......................................................................293
9.2RulesthatSaveTimeandMoney...............................................293
9.3QuickGuideforDataOutput......................................................294
Jobgerb274x.cam......................................................................294
Jobexcellon.cam........................................................................295
Jobgerber.cam...........................................................................297
9.4WhichFilesdoINeedformyBoard?.........................................298
FilesList.....................................................................................298
PlaceholdersforOutputFileNameGeneration........................300
HintsConcerningFileExtensions:............................................301
9.5PeculiaritiesofMultilayerBoards...............................................301
InnerLayers...............................................................................301
DrillDataforMultilayerBoardsWithBlindandBuriedVias......301
9.6SetOutputParameters...............................................................302
9.7AutomatingtheOutputwithCAMProcessorJobs.....................305
DefiningaNewCAMJob...........................................................305
Extendinggerber.camJobforMultilayerBoards........................306
ErrorMessage:AperturesMissing..............................................307
GerberInfoFiles.........................................................................307
DrillDataGenerationwithSeparateRackFile...........................308
DefineaDrillConfiguration(Rack)File...................................308
DefineJobforDrillDataOutput..............................................308
DrillInfoFile............................................................................309
9.8DeviceDriverDefinitionineagle.def..........................................309
CreatingYourOwnDeviceDriver..............................................309
Example1:Gerber(auto)device,Millimetre............................310
Example2:EXCELLONDevice,OutputwithLeadingZeros.....310
UnitsintheApertureandDrillTable.........................................311
9.9GerberFilesforPhotoplotterswithFixedApertureWheels.......311
DefiningtheApertureTable(Wheel).........................................312
ApertureEmulation....................................................................312
Chapter10Appendix.................................................................313
10.1LayersandtheirUsage.............................................................313
17
Table of Contents
InLayoutandPackageEditor.....................................................313
InSchematic,Symbol,andDeviceEditor...................................314
10.2EAGLEFiles..............................................................................314
10.3EAGLEOptionsataGlance......................................................315
10.4ConfigurationoftheTextMenu...............................................318
10.5TextVariables...........................................................................319
10.6OptionsforExpertsineaglerc..................................................320
CAMProcessorSuppressDrills/HolesWarning.....................320
ChangeComponentValueWarning.........................................320
ConsistencyCheck....................................................................320
DeleteWireJoints....................................................................320
DeviceNameasValueforallComponents...............................321
DisableCtrlforRadiusMode...................................................321
GroupSelection.......................................................................321
LoadMatchingFileAutomatically............................................321
NameofNet,Busses,SignalsandPolygons.............................321
OpenProject............................................................................321
PanningDrawingWindow.......................................................322
PolygonEdgesasContinuousLines.........................................322
RepositionoftheMouseCursor...............................................322
UnitsinDialogs........................................................................322
10.7ErrorMessages.........................................................................323
WhenLoadingaFile...................................................................323
Restringsmallerthaninolderversion.....................................323
Libraryobjectswiththesamenames.......................................323
Pad,ViaReplacedwithaHole.................................................324
Skippedunsuitableobjects.......................................................325
Can'tUpdateFile......................................................................325
InaLibrary.................................................................................326
Package/Symbolisinuse.........................................................326
IntheCAMProcessor.................................................................327
Polygonmaycauseextremelylargeplotdata..........................327
IntheLight,FreeTrialorStandardEdition................................327
Can'tperformtherequestedaction..........................................327
10.8EAGLELicenseAgreement........................................................327
Index.........................................................................................339
18
Chapter 1
Introduction
ThismanualdescribestheuseoftheEAGLEsoftwareanditsbasicprinciples.
Theorderofchaptersfollowsthetypicalprocessfromdrawingaschematicto
areadytouselayout.
19
1 Introduction
Chapter10Appendix
Listsusefuladditionalinformationandexplainssomeerrormessages
EAGLEpromptsincertainsituations.
Foraquick,handsonintroduction,refertotheEAGLETutorial.Pleaseread
thetutorialforabetterunderstandingbeforeworkingwiththemanual.
Autorouter
V7.0 The EAGLE Autorouter now supports the calculation of multiple
autorouterjobsatatimeandtheuseofmulticoreprocessors.Therearenew
setup options, such as the automatic choice of the routing grid, or
automaticallydeterminingthepreferreddirectionsinthesignallayers.The
settingfor effortdeterminesthenumberofcalculatedroutingjobs.Eachof
theproposedjobscanbecustomized.
Inaddition,thereisthepossibilitytousethesocalledTopRouterasakindof
prerouter. It works with a new gridless algorithm which first tries to
establish the connections and then uses the classic EAGLE Autorouter for
optimization.
New Commands
V7.0MODULE Createamoduleandinsertamoduleinstance
inahierarchicalschematic
V7.0PORT
Definitionofaportforamoduleinstance
21
1 Introduction
22
1 Introduction
Symbol:
Schematicrepresentationofacomponent,storedinaLibrary.
UserLanguage:
Freelyprogrammable,Clikelanguagefordataimportandexport.
Via:
Platedthrough holeforchangingthe layer ofatrack.See also Micro via,
Blindvia,andBuriedvia.
Wheel:
Aperture configuration file. Generated with Gerber data for board
manufacturing.
Wire:
Electricalconnectioninaboard,ora line(sincelinesaredrawnwiththe
WIREcommand).
24
Chapter 2
Installation
2.1 What You Need
For installing EAGLE you need to have an EAGLE installation file, your
personalinstallationcode,andtheappropriatelicensefile.
Ifyouhaveaskedforanupgradeforanexistingcurrentinstallationorforan
extensionofyourlicense,youdon'thavetoinstallEAGLEanew.Yournew
installation code and its appropriate license file will update your existing
license.
IfyouintendtoinstalltheEAGLEFreeware,theEAGLEinstallationfileisall
youneed.
Keeptheyourpersonalinstallationcodeinasafeplace,inaccessibleto
unauthorizedpersons!Nevergivethelicensefileorinstallationcodeto
others! Never send your installation code by email to CadSoft or to
anyoneelse.
Windows
EAGLEforWindowsisavailableasaselfextractingarchive,whichisnamed,
forexample,eaglewin327.3.0.exeoreaglewin647.3.0.exe.Doubleclickthis
fileandtheWinZipSelfExtractorwindowwillappear.Theinstallationroutine
starts with extracting thefilesfromthearchive. Clickthe Setup buttonto
begintheinstallationroutine.
25
2 Installation
Theversionnumberinthefilenamemay,dependingonthecurrentversion,
differ.
Nowtheactualinstallationstarts.Followtheinstructionsstepbystep.
AttheendofthisprocessyouwillbeaskedhowyouprefertolicenseEAGLE:
UseLicensefile
ThisimpliesthatyouhavealreadyboughtanEAGLElicense.Inthiscase
the following dialog asks you for the path to your license file
"serialnumber".keyandforyourpersonalinstallationcodewhichyouhave
gotfromCadSoft.
UseFreeTrialCode
Ifyouregisteredat http://www.element14.com/eaglefreemium andgota
FreeTrialcode,usethisoption.
RunasFreeware
EAGLEwillbelicensedwiththelimitsoftheLightEdition.It'spossibleto
upgradetoapurchasedlicensewithoutreinstallationatanytime.
Don'tlicensenow
postponesthelicensingonthefirstEAGLEstart.
TheWindowsStartmenuortheAppViewnowcontainsanewentryEAGLE
LayoutEditor7.3.0.TutorialandmanualinPDFfileformatarealsopartof
theinstallation.
UninstallingEAGLEcanbedonebyusualmeansofyouroperatingsystem
usingWindowsuninstalltools.
Linux
EAGLEforLinuxisavailableasselfextractingshellscriptwithsetupdialog.
YoumayinstalltheprogramasRoot/AdministratororasanormalUser.
Initiatetheinstallationprocessinafilemanagerwithadoubleclickonthe
shell script file eaglelin327.3.0.run or eaglelin647.3.0.run depending on
thearchitectureofyourLinuxdistribution.
Pleasecheck,whetherthefileismarkedasexecutablebefore.Ifthisisnotthe
case, you could, for example, use the chmod command in the console to
changeitsattributes.
Youcanstarttheshellscriptformtheconsole,aswell,bytyping:
/path_to_file/eagle-lin-7.3.0.run
Theversionnumberinthefilenamemaydiffer,dependingonthecurrently
availableEAGLEversion.
Theinstallationroutinestartswithextractingthefilesfromthearchive.Then
theactualinstallationprocessstarts.Followtheinstructionsstepbystep.
AttheendyouwillbeaskedhowyouwanttolicenseEAGLE:
26
Mac OS X
In order to start the installation process doubleclick onto the icon that
represents the EAGLE archive which is named, for example, eaglemac32
7.3.0.zipforthe32bitversionoreaglemac647.3.0.zipforthe64bitarchive.
Thearchivewillbeextractedautomatically.Anewfoldericonnamedeagle
macxx7.3.0.pkgwillappearontheDesktopnow.Clickitwiththemouseand
theinstallationprocessstarts.
Theversionnumberinthefilenamemaydiffer,dependingonthecurrent
EAGLEversion.
Followtheinstructionsstepbystep.
ConfirmtheEAGLESoftwareLicenseAgreementbyclickingContinue,ifyou
agreewithit.Ifnot,youcanaborttheinstallationbyclickingthe Goback
button.
ThenextstepsetsuptheEAGLEdestinationfolderandpossiblyadestination
volume.Byclicking Continue youacceptthesuggesteddirectory.Clickthe
Choose buttonandyoumayselectanyotherlocationfortheEAGLEfolder.
After confirming the installation path the files are copied into the EAGLE
folder.
AfterfinishingtheinstallationyouareabletostartEAGLEbyclickingthe
EAGLEiconintheFinder'sApplications/EAGLEentry.
Whilestarting EAGLE forthefirst time,youwill beasked howtolicense
EAGLE:
27
2 Installation
UseLicensefile
ThisimpliesthatyouhavealreadyboughtanEAGLElicense.Inthiscase
the following dialog asks for the path to your personal license file
serialnumber.key and for your personal installation code you have got
fromCadSoft.
UseFreeTrialCode
Ifyouregisteredat http://www.element14.com/eaglefreemium andgota
FreeTrialcode,usethisoption.
RunasFreeware
EAGLEwillbelicensedwiththelimitsoftheLightEdition.It'spossibleto
upgradetoapurchasedlicensewithoutreinstallationatanytime.
TutorialandmanualinPDFfileformatarepartoftheinstallationandare
locatedinthedocfolderoftheEAGLEinstallation.
IncaseyouwanttouninstallEAGLEfromyourcomputer,simplydeletethe
EAGLEentryintheFinder'sApplicationsfolder.
29
2 Installation
TheLicenseDialog
Theprogramhasnowbeenrelicensed.Youcancallupthelicensedataat
any time in the EAGLE Control Panel by means of the Help/Product
Informationmenu.
Soyoucanupgradeanalreadyinstalled LightEditionwithaProfessional
Edition,forexample.
31
2 Installation
Windows
EAGLE takes care on a variable named LANG. For changing it go to the
WindowsControlPanelwhereyoucandefineenvironmentvariables.Setup
avariablenamedLANG.Forenglish languagethevalueistypicallysetto
en_US or en_GB. For german language the value should be set to de_DE,
de_CH,orde_AT.IncaseyouwouldliketouseabatchfiletostartEAGLE,it
couldlooklikethis:
SET LANG=en_GB
cd C:\Program files\eagle-7.x.x
start \bin\eagle.exe
Thisisofuse,ifthereareotherapplicationsthatreactontheLANGvariable.
ThebatchaffectsEAGLE,only.
EAGLEisplannedtosupportmoreandmorelanguages.Pleaserefertothe
fileUPDATE.txtforinformationaboutcurrentlysupportedlanguages.
32
Chapter 3
EAGLE Modules and Editions
3.1 EAGLE Modules
AnumberofEAGLEeditionsareoffered.YoucanaddanAutorouterModule
and/oraSchematicEditortotheLayoutEditor.
AstandaloneSchematicEditorcanbeusedfordrawingwiringdiagrams.In
thiscaseyouwon'tneedtheLayoutEditor.Theuserinterfaceisidenticalfor
allpartsoftheprogram.
Schematic Editor
The Schematic Editor without Layout Editor is applicable for drawing
electrical wiring diagrams (connection scheme, contact plans...). The
SchematicEditorcomes,aswellastheLayoutEditor,withthefullLibrary
EditorfordesigningSymbolsfortheSchematicandPackagesfortheLayout,
withtheCAMProcessor,andtheTextEditor.YoucanalsouseUserLanguage
programsandScriptfiles.
IfyouwanttodrawSchematicdiagramsforelectronicsystemsyoushould
haveSchematicandLayout Editor.Youcangeneratetheassociatedcircuit
boardatany timewithamouseclick.EAGLE thenchangestotheLayout
Editor,wherethepackagesareplacednexttoanemptyboardconnected
viaairwires(rubberbands).Fromhereyoucangoondesigningwiththe
Layout Editor as usual. Schematic and layout are automatically kept
consistentbyEAGLE(Forward&BackAnnotation).Schematicdiagramscan
consistofamaximumof999sheetsintheProfessionalEdition(99sheetsin
theStandardEdition).OntheleftsideoftheSchematicEditorwindowthe
previewofthesheetsisdisplayed.
33
Autorouter
You can have airwires routed automatically if EAGLE has the Autorouter
module. You can choose single nets, groups of nets or all nets for the
automatic routing pass. The program will handle various network classes
havingdifferenttrackwidthsandminimumclearances.
TheAutorouteralsoservesasbasicengineoftheFollowmerouter.Thisisan
advancedoperatingmodeoftheROUTEcommandformanualrouting,which
calculatesanddisplaysthetraceofaselectedsignalautomatically.
Professional Edition
General
maximumdrawingarea150x150inches
resolution0.003125m
mmorinchgrid
upto255drawinglayers
command(Script)files
ClikeUserLanguagefordataexportandimportandthe
realizationofselfdefinedcommands
Fullydocumented,readableXMLdatastructure
easylibraryediting
compositionofselfdefinedlibrarieswithalreadyexisting
elementsbyDrag&Drop
easy generation of new Package variants from other libraries by
Drag&Drop
freerotationofpackagevariants(0.1degreesteps)
arbitrarypadshapesinthePackageEditor
librarybrowserandpowerfulcomponentsearchfunction
technologysupport(e.g.74L00,74LS00..)
easydefinitionoflabelleddrawingframes
freedefinableattributes,applicableforDevicesintheLibrary
andinSchematicorLayout
supportofassemblyvariants
easytousedimensioningtool
34
Layout Editor
fullSMDsupport
supportofBlindandBuriedvias
rotationofobjectsinarbitraryangles(0.1degreesteps)
componentscanbelockedagainstmoving
textscanbeplacedinanyorientation
dynamiccalculationofsignallineswhileroutingthelayout
magneticpadsfunction
trackscanbelayedoutwithroundedcornersinanyradius
miteringtosmoothwirejoints
DesignRuleCheckforboardlayouts(checkse.g.overlaps,
measuresofpadsortracks)
copperpouring(groundplains)
Packagevariantssupport
DifferentialPairrouting
automaticcreationofmeandersforlengthcompensationofsignals
userdefinable,freeprogrammableUserLanguagetogeneratedatafor
mountingmachines,testequipments,millingmachinesoranyother
dataformat
output of manufacturing data for pen plotters, photo plotters and
drillingmachineswiththeCAMProcessor
Schematic Editor
Schematicscanbedesignedinahierarchicalstructure:modulesare
representedbymoduleinstancesandconnectedthroughportsinthe
topleveloftheschematic.
thehierarchycanreachanydepth
35
Autorouter Module
fullyintegratedintobasicprogram
TopRouterwithgridlessroutingalgorithm,whichcanbeprecededby
theAutorouter
optionalautomaticselectionofroutinggridandpreferreddirections
inthesignallayers
support for multicore processors to process multiple routing jobs
simultaneously
usesthesetofDesignRulesyoudefinedforthelayout
changebetweenmanualandautomaticroutingatanytime
basicenginefortheFollowmerouter,atoolthatsupports
youinmanualrouting;thetraceofaselectedsignalwillbe
calculatedautomatically
ripup&retryalgorithm
userdefinablestrategy(bycostfactors)
routinggriddownto0.8mil(0.02mm)
noplacementrestrictions
upto16signallayers(withuserdefinablepreferreddirections)
fullsupportofBlindandBuriedvias
takesintoconsiderationvariousnetclasses
Standard Edition
ComparedtotheProfessionalEditionthefollowingrestrictionsapplytothe
StandardEditionintheLayoutEditor:
36
Free Trail
The Free Trial is a Free Premium Edition, which is available only after
registrationonhttp://www.element14.com/eaglefreemiumandhasthe
followinglimitations:
Theboardareaisrestrictedto100x80mm(about3.9x3.2inches),
whichcorrespondstohalfofaEurocard.
Only4signallayerscanbeused(Top,Route2,Route15,Bottom).
Aschematiccanconsistofamaximumnumberof4sheets.
TheFreeTriallicenseislimitedtoonesingleuserandcomputer,and
requiresanactiveconnectiontotheInternetinordertowork.
Thelicenseexpires30daysafterinstallation.
Light Edition
ThefollowingrestrictionsapplytotheEAGLELightVersion:
Theboardareaisrestrictedto100x80mm(about3.9x3.2inches).
OutsidethisareaitisnotpossibletoplacePackagesanddrawsignals.
Onlytwosignallayerscanbeused(noinnerlayers).
Aschematiccanconsistofonlyonesinglesheet.
Mergingofdifferentprojectsisnotsupported.
Doesnotsupporthierarchicalschematics.
Largerlayoutsandschematicscanbeprintedwiththesmallereditions.The
CAMprocessorcangeneratemanufacturingdataaswell.
37
This
page
hasbeen
leftfree
intentionally.
38
Chapter 4
A First Look at EAGLE
4.1 The Control Panel
The Control Panel normally appears after starting EAGLE, and this is the
program'scontrolcenter.AllthefilesspecifictoEAGLEaremanagedhere,
and some basic settings can be made. It is similar to the familiar file
managersusedbyawidevarietyofapplicationsandoperatingsystems.Each
EAGLEfileisdisplayedinthetreeviewbymeansofasmallsymbol.
Acontextmenuisopenedbyclickingwiththemouseonanentryinthetree
view. This allows you, depending on the object, to carry out a variety of
actions,likerename,copy,print,open,createnewetc.GraphicsorPDFfiles,
forexample,willbeopenedwiththedefaultapplication.
The Control Panel supports Drag&Drop. This can also be done between
differentprograms.Youcan,forinstance,copyfiles,movethem,orcreate
linksonthedesktop.UserLanguageprogramsorscriptfilesthatarepulled
withtheaidofthemouseoutoftheControlPanelandintoaneditorwindow
are started automatically. If, for instance, you pull a board file with the
mouseintotheLayoutEditor,thefileisopened.
Thetreestructureprovidesaquickoverviewofthelibraries,Documentation,
DesignRules,UserLanguageprograms,scriptfiles,CAMjobsandprojects.
Speciallibraries,text,manufacturinganddocumentationfilescanbelongtoa
projectaswellasschematicdiagramsandlayouts.
Thefirsttimeitiscalled,theControlPanelwillappearverymuchasshown
inthefollowingdiagram.Ifanobjectisselectedinthetree view, further
relevantinformationorapreviewisdisplayedintherighthandpartofthe
window.
Simplyclickontovariousfoldersandfilesinordertoexperimentwiththe
ControlPanel'sfacilities.
39
ControlPanel:Ontheright,thedescriptionoftheRCLlibrary
Documentation
The Documentation branch allowsdirect accessto the EAGLE tutorial and
manualavailableindifferentlanguages.Additionallytherecanbefoundthe
UPDATE and README files, and documentationfiles ofsomeoftheUser
Languageprograms.DoubleclickopensthefilewiththedefaultPDFreader
ortexteditor.
Library Summary
The possibility of displaying the contents of the libraries is particularly
interesting.ItprovidesaveryrapidoverviewoftheavailableDevices.
Expandthe Libraries entry,andyoucanseetheavailablelibraries. Inthe
Descriptionfieldyoucanseeabriefdescriptionofthecontents.Ifalibraryis
selected,youwill seemoreextensive informationaboutthelibrary inthe
righthandpartoftheControlPanel.Ifyouthenexpandalibraryentry,the
contentswillbedisplayedtogetherwithashortdescriptionofeachelement.
DevicesandPackagesaremarkedwithasmallicon.
Nowselect,forexample,aDevice:
ThedescriptionoftheDeviceandagraphicalrepresentationofitappearon
theright.TheavailablePackageandtechnologyvariantsarelisted.Ifyou
clickontooneofthePackageversions,thePackagepreviewshownabovewill
change.
40
ControlPanel:LibrarysummarywithDeviceview
IfstartingEAGLEwithoutaproject(noeagle.epffileisread,theprojecthas
beenclosedbeforeexitingEAGLElasttime)andcreatinganewproject
( File/New/Project) all libraries will be in use automatically. However,
openinganalreadyexistingproject,whereonlycertainlibrariesare inuse
beforecreatingthenewproject,willadoptthisselection.
IftheLibraryEditorwindowisopenyoucanDrag&DropacompleteDevice
setorPackagedefinitionfromtheControlPanelintothelibrarywindow.This
wayyoucancopyitfromonelibraryintoanother.
41
Design Rules
SpecialDesignRulescanbespecifiedinEAGLEtogoverntheboarddesign.
Thesecanbesavedasdatasetsinspecialfiles(*.dru).
Theparametersetthatistogovernthecurrentprojectisspecifiedinthe
DesignRules branchofthetreeview.Ifnodatahasbeenprovidedforthe
Design Rules (DRC command), EAGLE will itself provide parameters. The
markingtotherightofthefileentryspecifiesthedefaultparametersetfor
thecurrentproject.ThelayoutwillbecheckedbytheDRCinaccordance
withthesecriteria.FurtherinformationabouttheDRCandtheDesignRules
isfoundstartingonpage144.
Projects
Thevariousprojectsare managedfromtheControlPanel.Aclickontothe
Projects entrydisplaysvariousfolders.Thesearelocatedunderthepathset
underOptions/Directories/Projects.Itisallowedtodefinemorethanonepath
there.
Aprojectusuallyconsistsofafolderwhichrepresentstheprojectbyitsname
andtheproject'sconfigurationfile eagle.epf.Thefolderusuallycontainsall
files that belong to your project, for example, schematic and board file,
speciallibraryfiles,scriptfilesandsoon.
Projectdirectoriesthatcontaintheprojectfileeagle.epfwillbemarkedwitha
redfoldericon.'Normal'folderswillbemarkedwithayellowicon.
TheprojecttobeeditedisselectedintheProjectsbranch.Ontherightofthe
project'snameyouwillfindamarkerwhichiseithergrayorgreen.Withthe
help of this marker one can open or close projects. Clicking onto a gray
marker,loadstheproject.Themarkerappearsgreennow.Clickingontothe
greenmarkeragainorclickingontoanothergraymarkerclosesthecurrent
projectrespectivelyopensanotherprojectafterclosingthecurrentone.This
wayonecanswitcheasilyfromoneprojecttoanother.
Asanalternativeyoucanopenorcloseaprojectbydoubleclickingontothe
entryinthetreevieworbypressingtheSpaceorEnterkey.
WhileclosingaprojectthesettingsofthecurrentlyopenedEditorwindows
willbestoredinthecorrespondingprojectfile eagle.epf,providedthatthe
optionAutomaticallysaveprojectfileissetintheOptions/Backupmenu.
Iftheprojectfilewasgenerated byanotherEAGLEversionthancurrently
used,youwillbeasked,ifitisallowedtooverwritethefile.
42
Contextmenuforprojectmanagement
Thecontext menu containsthe Edit Description item. Adescriptionofthe
projectcanbeenteredhere,andthisisthendisplayedintheDescriptionbox.
Itispossibletocreateadescriptionforschematicandboardfiles.Ithastobe
defined in the editor windows. See help function for the DESCRIPTION
commandformoreinformation.
Menu Bar
TheControlPanelallowsvariousactionstobeexecutedandsettingsmade
throughpulldownmenusthatareexplainedbelow.
File Menu
TheFilemenucontainsthefollowingitems:
New
Createsanewlayout(board),schematic,library,CAMjob,ULP,scriptortext
file.TheProjectoptioncreatesanewproject.Thisinitiallyconsistssimplyofa
newdirectoryinwhichthefilesforanewprojectarehandled.Thesewill
43
44
Options Menu
Directories
The default directories for particular EAGLE files are entered in the
directoriesdialogbox.
More than one path may be entered for each of these. In the Windows
versiontheentriesareseparatedbysemicolons,whileacolonisusedinthe
LinuxandMacversion.TheProjectsdirectoryisthedefaultdirectoryforthe
TextEditor.
The Projects directory contains subdirectories, each of which represents a
particularproject.EachoftheprojectdirectoriescontainsanEAGLEproject
file(eagle.epf).Aprojectdirectoryanditssubdirectoriesusuallycontainall
thefilesthatareassociatedwithoneparticularproject,suchastheschematic
diagramandthelayout,textfiles,manufacturingdata,documentationfiles
andsoon.
45
ThedirectoriesdialogintheOptionsmenu
Type the path directly into the corresponding box, or select the desired
directorybyclickingtheBrowsebutton.
Thedefaultsettingscanbeseeninthediagramabove.$EAGLEDIRstandsfor
theinstallation'sEAGLEdirectory.
You may also use $HOME for your home directory under Linux. Under
Windows it is possible to define this environment variable wit the SET
command.
Ifa HOMEvariablehasnotbeensetwithinthe Environmentvariable,then
underWindowsEAGLEwillsuggestthedirectoryApplicationData.
ThisdirectoryisdefinedintheWindowsregistryin:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVers
ion\Explorer\Shell Folders\AppData
Inthisfolderyoucanalsofindtheuserspecificconfigurationfileeaglerc.usr.
Itisofcoursealsopossibletospecifypathswithanabsoluteformat.
TheHOMEvariablemustnotpointtotherootdirectoryofadrive!
Backup
Whenfilesaresaved,EAGLEcreatesbackupcopiesofthepreviousfiles.The
maximum backup level field allows you to enter the maximum number of
backup copies (default: 9). Backup files have different file extensions,
enumeratedsequentially.Schematicfilesreceivetheending s#x,boardfiles
b#x,andlibraryfilesl#x.xcanrunfrom1to9.Thefilewith x=1isthe
newestone.
Theautomaticbackupfunctionalsopermitsthebackuptobescheduled.The
timeinterval canbebetween 1and 60 minutes (default: 5minutes).The
backupfileshavetheendingsb##,s##andl##respectively.
AllthesebackupfilescanbefurtherprocessedinEAGLEiftheyarerenamed
andgiventheusualfileendings(brd,sch,lbr).
If the option to Automatically save project file is chosen, your project is
automaticallysavedwhenyouclosethecurrentprojectorleavetheprogram.
46
Backupdialog
User Interface
TheUserInterfacedialogallowstheappearanceoftheeditorwindowsfor
thelayout,schematicdiagramandlibrarytobeadjustedtoyourpreferences.
YoucanalsoaccessthismenufromtheEditorwindows.
SettingsfortheUserInterface
IntheControlsboxyouspecifywhichobjectsaretobedisplayedintheeditor
window.IfyoudeactivatealltheControls,onlythecommandlinewillremain
forentry.Thismaximizesthefreeareaavailableforthedrawing.
TheoptionAlwaysvectorfontshowsandprintstextswiththebuiltinvector
font, independently from the originally used font. Using the Vector font
guaranteesthattheoutputwithaprinterortheCAMProcessorisexactlythe
sameasshownintheeditorwindow.Fontsotherthanvectorfontdependon
thesystems'settingsandcannotbecontrolledbyEAGLE.Theoutputofnon
vectorfontsmaydifferfromtheeditor'sview.
Opening the User Interface dialog from one of the Editor windows (for
example,theLayoutEditor)theAlwaysvectorfontoptionoffersanadditional
itemPersistentinthisdrawing.SettingthisoptioncausesEAGLEtosavethe
Alwaysvectorfontsettinginthecurrentdrawingfile.Soyoucanbequitesure
47
48
Help Menu
TheHelpmenucontainsanitemforcallingthehelpfunction,aswellasitems
for installing a new license (Product registration) and getting information
abouttheprogramversionetc.(Productinformation).
Product registration
TheregistrationdialogiscalledautomaticallywhenyoustartEAGLEthefirst
time.Ifyouwanttoinstallanupgradeyoumuststartthisdialogfromthe
Help menu, and then enter the necessary information according to the
License/Product Registrationsectionofthehelpfunction.Alleditorwindows
havetobeclosedbefore.ReadthenotesinthechapterInstallationformore
information.
Check for Update
By default EAGLE checks for newer EAGLE versions on the CadSoft web
server.Incasethereisanewerversionavailableyouwillbeinformedbya
message window. EAGLE informs you about a new software release, but
won'tdownloaditautomatically.
Clickthe Configure buttontoletEAGLElookforthesoftwareversion daily,
weekly,ornever.IfyouareworkingwithaProxyserver,typeinit'sname.In
case you are interested in the newest beta version, you can activate this
check,too.
Product information
Ifyoucontactourtechnicalsupportyoushouldprovidetheinformationyou
willfindunderthismenuitem.
TheSchematicEditor
Ifyouwanttocreateaschematicdiagramstraightawayinanewproject,you
may for example click with the right mouse button onto a project in the
Projects entryofthetreeview,andselectthe Newproject optionfromthe
contextmenu.Thenewprojectreceivesaname.Thenclickontothisentry
with the right mouse button. Now select New/Schematic from the context
menu.
Anewschematicopensinthisprojectdirectory.
Ontopyouwillseethetitlebar,whichcontainsthefilename,andthenthe
menubar,andtheactiontoolbar.
Below the action toolbar there is the parameter toolbar, which contains
differenticons,dependingontheactivecommand.
Abovetheworkingareayouwillfindthecoordinatedisplayontheleft,with
the commandline,wherecommandscanbeenteredintextformat,tothe
rightofit.
EAGLEacceptscommandsindifferentbutequivalentways:asmouseclicks,
textviakeyboard,orfromcommand(script)files.
50
Help Function
Ifyouwanttolearnmoreaboutacommand,e.g.theWIREcommand,click
itsiconinthecommandtoolbar,thenclickthehelpicon.
Asanalternativeyoucantype
HELP WIRE
inthecommandline.ThecharactersymbolizestheEnterkey.
ThecontentsoftheEAGLEHelpisstoredinasingleHTMLfileandcanbe
viewed forexamplewith aweb browser, as well. Italsooffersa fulltext
search.
AftertypinginasearchtermintheFindline,EAGLEhelpnolongershowsall
pages but only the pages containing this expression. The keys F3 and
Shift+F3allowyoutogotothenextorpreviouslocation.Eachsearchterm
foundwillbemarked.Greenindicatingthecurrentlyfoundterm,yellowfor
allothers.
51
EAGLEHelpwindow
Command Parameters
AnumberofEAGLEcommandsneedadditionalparameters.Refertothehelp
pagesforadescriptionofthetextualentryofparameters(viacommandline
orscriptfile).
Mostoftheparameterscanbeenteredbyclickingtheappropriateiconsin
theparametertoolbar,whichchangesaccordingtotheselectedcommand.
Theseiconsalsoshowbubblehelpexplanations.
This is how the parameter toolbar appears when the NET command is
activated.
ParametertoolbaroftheNETcommand
OntheleftistheGRIDiconforsettingthegridpitch.Totherightarebuttons
forthebendmode(SETWIRE_BEND)ofthenetline,followedbythemiter
radius forsmoothingline joints with theoptionsstraightorrounded (see
MITERcommand).Nexttothisisthe Style menuwherethetypeoflineis
defined.OnthefarrightisavaluemenuforassigningaNetclass.
GRID
Thisiconisavailableatanytime.Itisusedtoadjustthegridandtoselectthe
currentunit.InEAGLE,anyvaluerelatestothecurrentunit.
52
Fromtheleft:Openfile,savefile,printfile,callCAMProcessor,open/create
correspondingboardfile(BOARDcommand).
Load,remove,orcreateanewschematicsheet.
USE
SelectlibrarieswhichwillbetakenintoconsiderationbytheADDdialog.Can
alsobedonewiththe Library/Use menuitemorbyclickingthemarkersin
theLibrariesbranchoftheControlPanel'streeview.Thecontextmenuofthe
entry Libraries orofitssubfolderscontainstheentries Useall and Usenone
foraquickandsimpleselection/deselectionofalllibraries(ofthefolder).
Thiscommandhastobeusedinscriptfilesinordertochoosethelibraryyou
wanttotakepartsfrom.
SCRIPT
Execute a scriptfile. This enables youto execute any command sequence
withafewmouseclicks.
Arightclickontotheiconshowsalistofrecentlyexecutedscriptfiles.
RUN
StartaUserLanguageprogram(ULP).
Arightclickontotheiconshowsamenuthatcontainsalistofrecentlyused
UserLanguagePrograms.
WINDOW
TheseiconsrepresentdifferentmodesoftheWINDOWcommand:
Fitdrawingintothescreen(WINDOWFIT,AltF2),zoomin(F3),zoomout
(F4),redrawscreen(WINDOWorF2),selectnewarea.
Tomovethecurrentdrawingwindow,clickthemiddlemousebuttonand
moveyourmouse!
53
UNDO/REDO
These commands allow you to cancel previous commands and to execute
commandswhichhavepreviouslybeencancelled.Ifyouareworkingwitha
consistent pair of schematic and layout the UNDO/REDO commands now
displayinthestatusbarwhichcommandwasundone/redoneandwhether
thecommandwasoriginallyexecutedintheboardorintheschematiceditor.
Defaultfunctionkeys:F9andF10.
TypingUNDO LISTintothecommandlineopensadialogthatcontainsthe
entire contents of the undo buffer. Alternatively you can use the
Edit/Undo/redolist...menu.Hereyoucanundoacertainnumberofactions
andletthemredoagain.
Undo/redolist
The Undo/Redo windowshowsthelistofrecentactions.Inparenthesisyou
findinformationhowlongagothiswasdone.Usethemouse,the up/down
keysortheUndoandRedobuttonsinordertoplacethedelimiter.ClickOkin
caseyouaresureyouwanttohaveundonealltheactionslistedbelowthe
delimiter.
Caution:Thisisaverypowerfultool!Bygoingallthewaybackinthe
UNDOlist(whichcanbedonewithasinglemouseclick)andexecuting
anynewcommand,theundobufferwillbetruncatedatthatpoint,and
thereisnowayback!Sousethiswithcare!
Stop Icon
TerminatestheexecutionofEAGLEcommands(Edit/Stopcommand).
54
SHOW
Highlightstheobjecttobeselectedwiththemouse.
It'salsopossibletoentertheobject'sorGate'sname(evenseveralnamesat
once) in the command line. You may use the characters * and ? as
wildcards,aswell.Ctrl+SHOWtogglestheshowstateoftheselectedobject.
Ifyouarelookingforverysmallobjects,itcanbeusefultousetheSHOW
commandwiththe@option,likein
SHOW @ C12;
The location of part C12 will be recognized at once, because the part is
markedwithasurroundingframe.
Ifthesearchedobjectisnotlocatedonthecurrentsheet,theSHOWwindow
opensandinformsyouaboutthesheetwhereitislocated.Incaseofobjects
thatconsistofmorethanonepart,likeelementswithseveralgatesornets
thatspreadoverseveralsheets,thewindowwilllistseveralentries.Clicking
ononeoftheentriescentertheselectedobjectonthescreen.Ifthesearched
objectisnotfoundinthewholeschematic,theSheetcolumnwillbemarked
withaminussign''.
DISPLAY
Select and deselect the layers to be displayed. See the Appendix for the
meaningofthelayers
DISPLAY LAST shows the recently used layer combination that was
previouslyselectedfordisplay.
Forfurtherdetailspleaseseehelpfunction.
55
MOVE
Moveanyvisibleobject.Therightmousebuttonrotatestheobjectwhileitis
attachedtothemousecursor.
Ifyoumoveanetoverapin,noelectricalconnectionwillbeestablished.If
youmovethepinofaGateoveranetoranotherpin,anelectricalconnection
willbecreated.
Tomovegroupsofobjects:
DefinethegroupwiththeGROUPcommand,clicktheMOVEicon,pressthe
Ctrlkey,thenclickintothedrawingwiththerightmousebutton,andmoveit
tothedesiredlocation.
Ifyoudon'tpresstheCtrlkey,thecontextmenupopsupafterclickingwith
therightmousebutton.Itcontainsanentry Move:Group thatallowsyouto
movethegroup,too.Therightmousebuttonrotatesthegroupby90degrees
whileitisattachedtothemousecursor.
Ifyouliketomovethegroupontoanothersheet,clickthesheetcombobox
intheactiontoolbarorselectitfromtheSheetspreview.Placethegroup
there.
MOVEcanbeusedinthecommandlinewithvariousoptions.Seethehelp
functionfordetails.
COPY
Copypartsandotherobjects.
Whencopyingnetsandbusesthenamesareretained,butinallothercasesa
newnameisassigned.
KeeptheCtrlkeypressedwhileclickingontoanobjectandtheobjectwillbe
grabbedatitsorigin.Soitwillbemovedintothecurrentlychosengrid.
COPYcanbeusedwithgroups.Thegroupwillbeputintotheclipboardof
theoperatingsystem.ItispossibletocopyitintoanotherrunningEAGLE
program,forexample.
MIRROR
Mirrorobjects.
56
GROUP
Defineagroupwhichcanthenbemoved,rotated,orcopiedwithCOPYand
PASTEtoanotherdrawingorwhosepropertiesaretobechanged.Afterthe
iconhasbeenclicked,arectangulargroupcanbedefinedbyholdingdown
theleftmousebuttonanddraggingthecursortothediagonalcornerofthe
rectangle.Ifyouwanttodefineagroupbyapolygon,usetheleftmouse
buttontodeterminethecornersofthepolygon.Thenclicktherightmouse
buttontoclosethepolygon.
GROUPALLinthecommandlineselectsallobjectsonthecurrentsheet,if
therespectivelayersaredisplayed.
Thefollowingcommand(ROTATE,CHANGE,MOVE...)hastobeappliedto
thegroupwiththerightmousebuttonwhilethekeyispressed.
Ifyouliketoaddfurther groupstoanalreadyexistingone,pressthe Shift
keyanddefinethefirstcorneroftheselectionareawithamouseclick.
Incaseyouwanttoaddanobjecttoorremoveitfromthegroup,pressthe
Ctrlkeyandclickontotheobjectinquestion.
PressCtrl+Shifttotogglethemembershipofanobjectanditshierarchically
superiorobjects:Clickingforexample,onanetsegmentintheSchematic
invertsthegroupmembershipofthewholenet.
CHANGE
Change the properties of an object, e.g. the width of a line, the Package
variantorthesizeoftext.Seehelpfordetails.
Anobject'spropertiescanbecheckedandevenchanged,whereapplicable,by
the Properties entryofthecontextmenu.Toaccessthecontextmenu,click
ontotheobjectwiththerightmousebutton.
PASTE
Insertobjectsfromthepastebufferintothedrawing.
Itisalsopossibletopastefromafileintoschematicandlayoutdirectly.Todo
so,usethePASTEcommandwithafilenameinthecommandlineorusethe
menuentryEdit/Pastefrom...
Forfurtherinformationseehelpfunction.
DELETE
Deletevisibleobjects.
Alsoin combinationwithGROUPcommand.Ifagrouphasbeendefined,it
canbedeletedwiththerightmousebuttonwhiletheCtrlkeyispressed.
57
ADD
Addlibraryelementstotheschematic.AsearchfunctionhelpsDevicestobe
foundquickly.USEspecifieswhichlibrariesareavailable.
A rightclick onto the ADD icon opens a popup menu that lists recently
fetchedDevices.
PINSWAP
Swap twonetsconnectedtoequivalentpinsofaDevice,providedthepins
havebeendefinedwiththesameSwaplevel.
Apinthatisconnectedtoseveralpadscan'tbeswapped.
GATESWAP
SwaptwoequivalentGatesofaDevice,providedtheGateshavebeendefined
withthesameSwaplevel.InEAGLEterminology,aGateisapartofaDevice
whichcanbeindividuallyplacedonaschematic(e.g.onetransistorfroma
transistorarray).
Gatesthatcomewithpinsconnectedtoseveralpads,can'tbeswapped.
REPLACE
Replacea component(Device)withanotheronefromanylibrary.Thiscan
onlyworkifthenewcomponenthasatleastasmanypinsasthecurrentone
andthepinsaswellasthepadshaveidenticalnamesorthesamepositions.
Arightclickontothisiconopensapopupmenuthatshowsalistofrecently
replacedDevices.
NAME
Givenamestocomponents,nets,orbuses.
VALUE
Providevaluesforcomponents.Integratedcircuitsnormallygetthetype(e.g.
74LS00N)astheirvalue.
Arightclickontothisiconopensalistofalreadyusedvalues.Selectanentry
andapplyittooneormorecomponentsbyclickingontothemsuccessively.
58
MITER
Round off or bevel wire joints (also possible for nets, buses, polygon
contours).Thegradeofmiteringisdeterminedbythemiterradius.Positive
signresultsinaroundedjoint,negativesigninabevel.
Themiterradiusinfluences somewirebends,too(seehelpfunction: SET
command,Wire_Bend).
SPLIT
Insertanangleintoawireornet.
INVOKE
DevicesthatconsistofmorethanoneSymbols(Gates)canbefetchedGateby
Gate,forexampleincertainorder(GateDbeforeGateC),ifwanted.
INVOKEcanalsobeusedtofetchpowersupplyGatesthatdonotappear
automatically in the Schematic. This is useful and required, for example,
whenyouareaddingdecouplingcapacitorstoyourdesign.
ThiscommandallowsyoualsotoaddaGatefromaDevicewhichislocated
onanothersheet.Insuchacase,typethenameoftheDevice(e.g.IC1)into
thecommandlineaftertheINVOKEcommandhasbeenselected.
WIRE
Drawline(thiscommandiscalledWIREbecauseitisusedtodefineelectrical
connections,i.e.wires,intheLayoutEditor).Thetypeoflinecanbechanged
with CHANGE STYLE. Clicking the right mouse button changes the bend
mode(SETWIRE_BEND).
WIREcanalsobeusedtodrawarcs.
59
TEXT
Placingtext.
Text size,thicknessofthelinesforvectorfonttexts,thealignmentandthe
fontcanbedefinedintheparametertoolbaroftheTEXTcommand.Incase
thetextisalreadyplacedinyourdrawingyoucanmaketheseschangesvia
thePropertiesentryofthecontextmenuorviathedifferentoptionsofthe
CHANGEcommand(Size,Ratio,Align,Font).
Shift+Enterinsertsalinebreakformultilinetextsinthetextwindow.
Youcanchangelabeltextsbyassigningadifferentnametothebusortoa
netbymeansoftheNAMEcommand.SeealsoLABELcommand.
CIRCLE
Drawacircle.Circleswithawidthof0aredrawnasfilledcircles.
ARC
Drawanarc(alsopossiblewithWIRE).
CHANGECAPFLAT|ROUNDdefinesstraightorroundedendsforarcs.
RECT
Drawarectangle.
POLYGON
Drawapolygon(copperareasinanyshape).
BUS
Drawabusline.Themeaningofabusismoreconceptualthanphysical.Itis
only a means to make a schematic easier to read. Only nets define an
electricalconnection.Nets,however,canbedraggedoutofabus.
Thenameofabuscanconsistofasynonymandthenetnamesthatarepart
ofthebus.Incasethere isasynonymdefined, a LABEL would showthe
synonymonly,notthewholenameofthebus.
Example:
ATBUS:A[0..31],B[0..31],RESET,CLOCK
60
NET
Draw a net. Nets with the same name are connected (even if located on
differentsheets).
Netsandpinswhichappeartotheeyetobeconnectedarenotnecessarily
electricallyconnected.PleasecheckwiththeSHOWcommand,theERC,orby
exportinganetlistorpinlist(EXPORTNETLISTorPARTLIST).Seealsothe
helpforMOVE.
JUNCTION
Place the symbol for a net connection. In general, junctions are placed
automatically,butnetswhichcrossovercanalsobejoinedmanuallybythe
JUNCTIONcommand.
LABEL
Placethenameofabusornetasalabel.Labelscannotbechangedwith
CHANGE TEXT but rather with the NAME command because the label
representsthenetname.
IfthelabeloptionXREF(intheparametertoolbarorbyCHANGEXREFON)
isset,acrossreferencepointingtoanfurtherinstanceofthechosenneton
thenextsheetisgeneratedautomatically.
The cross reference label format can be defined in the menu
Options/Set/Misc, Xref label format. See the help function ofthe LABEL
commandforthemeaningoftheplaceholdersthatcanbeused.
For a proper location of the objectyoushould use a drawing framewith
classificationsforcolumnsandrows.Suchframescanbedefinedwiththe
FRAMEcommand.Thelibraryframes.lbralreadycontainssuchframes.
ATTRIBUTE
Definesanattributeforacomponent. Attributesarefreedefinableandcan
containanyinformation.
ThroughthemenuEdit/Globalattributes..youcandefineattributesthatare
validforallcomponentsrespectivelyforthewholeschematic.
DIMENSION
Canbeusedtodrawdimensionlines.
Itispossibletodimensionobjectsdrawnintheschematicoryoucanstart
dimensioningatanypositionintheschematicwithCtrl+leftmouseclick.
61
MODULE
TheMODULEcommanddefinesmodules.Amodulecancontainpartsand
netsasapartofthewholeschematic.TheMODULEcommandalsoinserts
moduleinstancesinthehierarchicalschematic.Amoduleinstanceisdrawn
asasimplesymbolandrepresentstheusageofamodule.
PORT
ThePORTcommanddefinesaninterfacebetweenthenetsinsideamodule
andthehigherschematiclevel.Portsbelongtomoduleinstancesandcanbe
connectedtonets,similartopinsofcomponents.
ERC
PerformanElectricalRuleCheckandaconsistencycheckforschematicand
board, if already existing. A positive consistency check allows the
Forward&BackAnnotationenginetorun.
ASSIGN
Assignfunctionkeys.
ThemostconvenientwayofdoingthisistousetheOptions/Assignmenu.
CLASS
Select and define net classes(Edit/Net classes...).A net classspecifies the
widthofatrack,theclearancefromneighbouringsignals,andthediameter
ofviasfortheAutorouterandtheROUTEcommand.Thesesettingsarealso
usedinpolygons.Seealsopage123.
CLOSE
Textcommandforclosinganeditorwindow(File/Close).
CUT
Transfer the objects of a previously defined group into the paste buffer.
Activate theCUT command and clickwith the left mousebutton into the
grouptosetareferencepoint.PASTEinsertsthegroupintothedrawing.
62
EDIT
Textcommandfor loadingafileoralibraryobject.Youcan,forinstance,
loadaboardfromtheSchematicEditor(EDITname.brd).
TheEDITcommandisalsousedtocreateoreditamoduleinaschematic
diagram.
EDIT name.mod
loadsorcreatesamoduleinacircuitdiagram.
EDIT name.m2
loadsorcreatespagenumber2ofamodule.
FRAME
DefineadrawingframefortheSchematic(Draw/Frame).Alsopossiblefora
boarddrawing.
EXPORT
Output lists (especially netlists), directories, script files, or images
(File/Export...).
Takescareonthehierarchicalstructure,ifexisting.
LAYER
Choose or define the drawing layer. When using drawing commands the
layercanbechosenintheparametertoolbar.
To create, for example, a new layer with number 200 and layer name
Mylayer,typeinthecommandline:
LAYER 200 Mylayer
IncaseyoucreatedaLayout,forexample,withtheEAGLELightEditionand
upgraded to the Standard Edition because you would like to use two
additionalinnersignallayers,youhavetocreatetheselayerswiththeLAYER
commandfirst:
LAYER 2 Route2
LAYER 15 Route15
MENU
Specifiesthecontentsofthe textmenu.Nowitislocatedrightnexttothe
actiontoolbarandcanhandlesmallimages,aswell.Seealsotheexamplein
the appendix. The text menu can be made visible with the aid of
Options/UserInterface.Seehelpfunctionfordetails.
63
PACKAGE
IncasethereismorethanonePackagevariantdefinedinthelibraryfora
part(Device),atypicalexamplewouldbearesistorfromrcl.lbr,itispossible
to change the currently used Package with the PACKAGE or with the
CHANGEPACKAGEcommand.ThiscanbedoneintheSchematicorinthe
LayoutEditor.
PRINT
Calluptheprintdialogwiththe printericonintheactiontoolbar
or
fromthemenuitemFile/Print....UsuallythePRINTcommandisusedtoprint
schematicsorforcheckingthedrawingsneededforthePCBproduction.
TheactualproductiondataaregeneratedwiththeCAMProcessor.
IfyouwanttooutputyourdrawinginblackandwhitechecktheBlackoption
(andSolid,ifyoudon'twantlayerstobeprintedintheirdifferentfillstyles).
ThecaptiontextissuppressedunlessyoucheckCaption.SetPagelimitto1,if
yourdrawingistobefittedononepage.Ifyouprefertoprintthecurrently
visibledrawingwindowinsteadofthewholedrawing,selectWindowinstead
ofFullintheAreaoption.
QUIT
QuitEAGLE.IdenticalwiththemenuitemFile/ExitorAltX.
REMOVE
Deletefilesorschematicormodulesheets.
REMOVE .S3
forinstance,deletessheet3oftheloadedschematic.
SET
Setsystemparametersandmodes.BestdoneviatheOptions/Setmenuitem.
Pleasenotethatnotallofthepossibilitiesareavailablethroughthisdialog.
Presettingscanbedefinedinthescriptfileeagle.scrbyusingtextcommands.
Furtherinformationcanbefoundinthehelpfunction.
TECHNOLOGY
Ifapart(Device)hasbeendefinedwithvarioustechnologiesinthelibrary,
seetypicalexamplesin 74xx.lbr,itispossibletochangethecurrentlyused
technology with the TECHNOLOGY or with the CHANGE TECHNOLOGY
command.ThiscanbedoneintheSchematicorintheLayoutEditor.
64
VARIANT
Thiscommandoffersthepossibilitytodefinedifferentassemblyvariantsofa
project. It opens a dialog that allows to decide about components to be
assembledornot,oraboutdifferentvaluesortechnologiesofthecomponents
usedinthedifferent variantsoftheproject.Thisfunctioncanbereached
through the Edit/Assembly variants menu or by typing the command
VARIANT into the command line of the Schematic or the Layout editor.
Furtherinformationwillbegiveninchapter6.9beginningwithpage187.
WRITE
Text command for saving the currently loaded file. Please note that, in
contrastto Saveas,thenameofthecurrentlyeditedfileisneverchanged
whentheWRITEcommandisused.
Mouse Keys
Themiddleandrightmousebuttonhaveaspecialmeaningforanumberof
commands. You can use the middle mouse button only if the operating
systemknowsyourmouseisa3buttonmouse,thatisyourmousemustbe
installedthisway.
Ifyouareworkingwithawheelmouse,youcanzoomintoandoutofthe
drawingwiththehelpofthemousewheel.TheoptionMousewheelzoomin
the Options/User Interface menudeterminesthezoomingin/outfactorper
step.Thevalueissetto1.2bydefault.
Selectingavalueof0allowsyoutousethewheelforscrolling.
Keepthemousewheelorthemiddlemousebuttonpressedforpanning.
MouseclicksincombinationwiththeShift,Ctrl,andAltkeycanhavevarious
functions,forexample,whileselectingobjectswithMOVEorwhiledrawing
lineswithWIRE.
The help section on Keyboard and Mouse and the help of the referring
commandgivesyoumoredetails.
LayoutEditorwindow
The Layout Editor window appears very much like the Schematic Editor
window.Evenifyoudon'tworkwiththeSchematicEditor,youshouldstudy
theprevioussection,asmostoftheinformationthereappliestotheLayout
Editor,too.
Onlythecommandsinthecommandtoolbararediscussedagain,assome
commandsdifferintheiruse.
Descriptions of commands that cannot be reached through the command
toolbararealsotobefoundinthesectionconcerningtheSchematicEditor
window.Allofthecommandscanalsobereachedthroughthepulldown
menusinthemenubar.Thisalsoapplies,ofcourse,totheSchematicand
LayoutEditorwindows.
66
SHOW
Highlightstheobjecttobeselectedwiththemouse.
It'salsopossibletoentertheobject'sname(evenseveralnamesatonce)in
thecommandline.*and?areallowedtobeusedaswildcards,aswell.
Ctrl+SHOWtogglestheshowstateoftheselectedobject.
DISPLAY
Selectanddeselectthelayerstobedisplayed.Componentsonthetopsideof
theboardcanonlybeselectedifthelayer23,tOrigins,isdisplayed.Thesame
appliestocomponentsonthebottomsideoftheboardandlayer24,bOrigins.
SeeAppendixforthemeaningofthelayers.
TheDISPLAYcommandsupportssocalledaliases.Thisallowsyoutoname
certain combinations of layers and use it as a parameter with the LAYER
command.Aquick changefromoneview toanotherlayercombinationis
possiblewiththiscommand.
DISPLAYLASTswitchestothelastdisplayedlayercombination.
67
Changelayerproperties
TheDisplaymenu
TheDISPLAYmenushowsonlythoselayersdefinedintheLayerSetupof
theDesignRules!
FurtherinformationaboutDISPLAYcanbefoundinthehelpfunction.
MARK
Thefollowingmouseclickdefinestheneworiginforthecoordinatedisplay.
Relativecoordinates(Rxvalueyvalue)andpolarvalues(Pradiusangle)are
showninadditiontoabsolutecoordinatesinthecoordinatedisplaybox.
If you first click the MARK icon and then the trafficlight icon, only the
absolutecoordinatevalueswillbedisplayedagain.
MOVE
Moveanyvisibleobject.Therightmousebuttonrotatestheobject.
68
COPY
Copypartsandotherobjects.
Whencopyingobjects,anewnamewillbeassigned,butthevaluewillbe
retained.Whencopyingasinglewire,thecopywillhavethesamename.
KeeptheCtrlkeypressedwhileclickingontoanobjectandtheobjectwillbe
grabbedatitsorigin.Soitwillbeplacedinthecurrentlychosengrid.
COPYcanbeusedwithgroups.Thegroupwillbeputintotheclipboardof
theoperatingsystem.ItispossibletocopyitintoanotherEAGLEprogram,
forexample.
MIRROR
Mirrorobjects.Componentscanbeplacedontheoppositesideoftheboard
byusingtheMIRRORcommand.
ROTATE
Rotateobjects(alsopossiblewithMOVE).Keeptheleftmousebuttonpressed
torotatetheselectedobjectbymovingthemouse.Theparameter toolbar
showsthecurrentangle.Thiscanbedonewithgroups(GROUPandright
mousebutton)aswell.
ROTATEcanbeusedwithgroups,aswell.ActivateROTATE,pressthe Ctrl
keyandclickwiththerightmousebuttonintothedrawingtosetthecenter
ofrotation.Thegroupwillberotatedcounterclockwisebythegivenangle.
Alternatively type in the angle in the Angle box or in the command line.
Detailsaboutthesyntaxcanbefoundinthehelpfunction.
GROUP
Defineagroupwhichcanthenbemoved,rotated,orcopiedwithCOPYand
PASTE to another drawing or whose properties should be changed. After
clickingtheicon,arectangulargroupcanbedefinedbyholdingdowntheleft
mouse button and dragging the cursor to the diagonal corner of the
rectangle,orifyouwanttodefineanonrectangulargrouparea,usetheleft
mousebuttontodeterminethecornersofthepolygon.Thenclicktheright
mousebuttontoclosethepolygon.
GROUPALLinthecommandlineselectsallobjects.
69
CHANGE
Changethepropertiesofanobject,forexamplethewidthofawireorthe
size of a text. If the Esc key is pressed after changing a property, the
previouslyusedvaluemenuwillappearagain.Inthiswayanewvaluecanbe
convenientlychosen.Seealsothehelpfunction.
Alternatively, object properties can be viewed and some of them even
changedwiththecontextmenu's Properties entry.Thecontextmenuopens
afterarightmouseclickontotheobject.
PASTE
Insertobjectsfromthepastebuffer.
Use the menu Edit/Paste from... in order to paste a whole layout (and
schematic, if available) into your current drawing. See help for further
information.
DELETE
Deletevisibleobjects.
Ifagrouphasbeendefined,itcanbedeletedwiththe right mousebutton
whiletheCtrlkeyispressed.
DELETESIGNALSinthecommandlineerasesall tracksandsignalsinthe
layout,providedthereisnoconsistentschematicloaded.
TheDELETEcommanddeletesanentirepolygonwhenclickingonapolygon
wirewiththeShiftkeypressed.
KeepingtheCtrlkeypressedwhileclickingwiththeleftmousebuttonona
wirebendwill deletethebend.Anewdirectconnectionbetweenthenext
bendswillbedrawnnow.
Ifobjectscannotbedeleted,thereasoncanliewitherrorpolygonsrelatedto
the DRC command. They can be deleted with the ERRORS command
(ERRORS CLEAR). If layer 23, tOrigins, or 24, bOrigins, is not displayed,
componentscannotbedeleted.
ADD
Addlibraryelementstothedrawing.Itoffersaconvenientsearchfunction
forPackageshere.USEspecifieswhichlibrariesareavailable.
70
PINSWAP
Swaptwosignalsconnectedtoequivalentpadsofacomponent,providedthe
pinshavebeendefinedwiththesameSwaplevel.
Apinthatisconnectedtoseveralpadscan'tbeswapped.
REPLACE
Replaceacomponent(oraPackage,ifthereisnoschematic)byanotherone
fromanylibrary.
IfyouwanttochangethePackagevariantonlyandnotthewholeDevice,use
CHANGEPACKAGEorthePACKAGEcommand.
ArightclickontotheREPLACEiconopensapopupmenuthatshowsalistof
recentlyreplacedcomponents.
LOCK
Locks the position and orientation of a component on the board. If a
componentislocked,youcan'tmoveitorduplicateitwithCUTandPASTE.
Shift + LOCKunlocksthecomponent.Thisisalsopossiblewiththe unLock
entryofthecontextmenu.
Tobeabletodistinguishlockedfromunlockedcomponents,theorigincross
ofalockedcomponentisdisplayedlikea'x'insteadofa'+'.
Thepositionofalockedcomponentcanbechanged,however,bytypingin
newcoordinatevaluesinthepropertiesdialog.
NAME
Givenamestocomponents,signals,vias,andpolygons.
WithNAMEit'spossibletomoveapolygonfromonesignaltoanother.
VALUE
Provide values for components. A resistor, for example, gets 100k as its
value. Arightclickontothisiconopensalistofalreadyusedvalues.Select
an entry and apply it to one or more components by clicking onto them
successively.
SMASH
Separatename,value,andattribute(ifany)textsfromaDevice,sothatthey
canbeplacedindividually.Thesizeofdetached(smashed)textscanalsobe
individuallychanged.
71
MITER
Roundofforbevelwirejoints(alsopossibleforpolygoncontours).Thegrade
of mitering is determined by the miter radius. Positive sign results in a
roundedjoint,negativesigninabevel.
Themiterradiusinfluencessomewirebendmodes,too(seehelpfunction:
SET,Wire_Bend).
SPLIT
Insertabendintoawire.
If youwant tochange, forexample,thelayer forasection ofanalready
routedtrack,youcaninserttwowirebendswiththeSPLITcommandand
changethelayerofthenewly createdsegmentwiththeCHANGELAYER.
EAGLEwillsetviasautomaticallyatthepositionofthewirebends.
YoucanusetheSPLITcommandforaquickreroutingofanalreadyexisting
track.Clickontothetracktoinsertawirebend.Nowmovethemouseand
route it anew. To remove the previous track use the RIPUP command or
DELETEincombinationwiththeCtrlkey.
OPTIMIZE
Joinswiresegmentsinasignallayerwhichlieinonestraightline.
MEANDER
Draw meanders in order to balance the length of signals, especially of
DifferentialPairs.Canbeusedformeasuringthelengthofasignal,when
pressingtheCtrlkey.
ROUTE
Route signals manually. Airwires are converted to wires. If your EAGLE
licensecomeswiththeAutoroutermodule,theROUTEcommandsupports
the Followme router mode which automatically processes the trace of a
selectedsignal.
72
startsroutingatanygivenpointalongawireorvia
iftheairwirebeginsatanalreadyexistingwireand
thiswirehasadifferentwidth,thenewwireadopts
thiswidth
selectsthelayer
changesthewirebendstyle
reversesthedirectionofswitchingbendstyles
togglesbetweencorrespondingbendstyles
placesaviaattheendpointofthewire
definesarcradiuswhenplacingawire'sendpoint
Moreinformationcanbefoundinthehelpfunction.
RIPUP
Convertroutedwires(tracks)intounroutedsignals(airwires).Changethe
displayoffilled(calculated)polygonstooutlineview.
Usingsignalnamesinthecommandlineallowsyoutoripuponlycertain
signals,toexcludeparticularsignals,ortoexecutethecommandexclusively
forpolygons.Moredetailscanbefoundinthehelpfunction.
WiresnotconnectedtocomponentsmustbeerasedwithDELETE.
WIRE
Drawlinesandarcs.Ifusedinthelayers1through16,theWIREcommand
createselectricalconnections.
The Style parameter(CHANGE)determinestheline type.TheDRCandthe
AutorouteralwaystreataWIREasacontinuousline,regardlessofwhatStyle
isused.
Clickingtherightmousebuttonchangesthewirebend(SETWIRE_BEND).
Pleasenotetheparticularitiesincombinationwiththe Ctrl and Shift keyin
thehelpfunction:
Ifyoupress,forexample,theCtrlkeywhilestartingtodrawawire,thewire
beginsexactlyattheendofanalreadyexistingwirenearby.Evenifthiswire
isnotinthecurrentlysetgrid.Wirewidth,styleandlayerwillbeadopted
fromthealreadyexistingwire.
TEXT
Placingtext.Use CHANGESIZEtoaltertheheightofthetext.Ifthetextis
usingavectorfont,CHANGERATIOwillalterthethickness.CHANGETEXT
isusedtoalterthetextitself.CHANGE FONTaltersthe typeface. CHANGE
ALIGNdefinesthealignment(thelocationoftheorigin)ofthetext.
Theoption Alwaysvectorfont (Options/User Interface)showsandprintsall
73
CIRCLE
Draw a circle. This command creates restricted areas for the
Autorouter/Followmerouter,ifusedinthelayers41,tRestrict,42,bRestrict,
or43,vRestrict.Circleswithwirewidth=0aredrawnasfilled.
ARC
Drawanarc(alsopossiblewithWIRE).
CHANGECAPFLAT|ROUNDdefinesstraightorroundedendsforarcs.
Ifthearcisapartofatraceandbothendsareconnectedtoawire,capswill
beround.
Arcs with flat caps are emulated when generating manufacturing data in
GerberformatwiththeCAMProcessor.Thatmeanstheywillbedrawnwith
smallshortstraightlines.Arcswithroundcapswon'tbeemulated.
RECT
Drawarectangle.ThiscommandcreatesrestrictedareasfortheAutorouter
orFollowmerouter,ifusedinthelayers41, tRestrict,42, bRestrict,or43,
vRestrict.
POLYGON
Drawacopperareasorrestrictedareasinsignallayers.
Polygonsinthesignallayersaretreatedassignals.Theykeepanadjustable
distancetoobjectsbelongingtoothersignals(copperpouring,floodfill).This
enables you to realize different signal areas onthe same layer and make
isolatedregionsforyourdesign.
Thecontourofapolygonintheoutlinemodeisdisplayedasadottedline.
74
VIA
Place a platedthrough hole. Vias are placed automatically if the layer is
changedduringtheROUTEcommand.Youcanassignaviatoasignalwith
theNAMEcommandbychangingit'snametothenameofthesignal.Vias
canhavedifferentshapesintheouterlayers(round,square,octagon),but
arealwaysroundininnerlayers.
SIGNAL
Manual definition of a signal. This is not possible if the Forward&Back
Annotationisactive.Inthatcaseyouhavetodefinetheconnectionwiththe
NETcommandintheSchematicEditor.
HOLE
Defineamountinghole(notplatedthrough).
ATTRIBUTE
Definesanattributeforacomponent.
ThroughthemenuEdit/Globalattributes..youcandefineattributesthatare
validforthewholelayout.
DIMENSION
Canbeusedtoadddimensioningtotheboard.Itcaneitherbeappliedtoan
object or you can draw arbitrary dimensions. When you select an object
EAGLE selects a suitable dimensioning type (Dtype). If it is not the one
needed,clicktherightmousebuttontochangeit.Ifyouwanttostartatany
locationinthedrawinguseCtrlkey+leftmouseclick.
Therearedifferentdimensioningtypes:Parallel,Horizontal,Vertical,Radius,
Diameter,Angle,andLeader.
Configurationofdimensioninglines,textsizeunitsandsooncanbedonein
theobjects' properties dialogorwiththeCHANGEcommand,whichcanbe
executedforgroupsofobjects,aswell:
CHANGEDtype
changesthedimensioningtype
75
decidesaboutthemeasurementunit,
theprecision,
andaboutshowingorhidingtheunit.
CHANGEDline
determinesthewidthofthemeasurementline,
thewidthoftheextensionline,
theExtensionlengthafterthedimensionarrowhead,
thedistancefromtheobjectmeasured(Extension,offset).
RATSNEST
Calculatetheshortestairwirespossibleandtherealmode(filled)displayof
polygons.
UsetheRATSNESTcommandwithasignalnameinordertocalculateand
displayor hideacertainairwire.Aprecedingexclamationmarkhidesthe
airwiresofthegivensignalname.Moreinformationcanbefoundinthehelp
function.
ThepolygoncalculationcanbedeactivatedwiththeSETcommand.Either
throughthemenuOptions/Set/Miscorbytypinginthecommandline:
SETPOLYGON_RATSNESTON|OFForinshort:SETPOLYON|OFF.
RATSNEST will be executed automatically for the selected signal while
drawingawirewithROUTE.
WhileRATSNESTisactivethestatusbaroftheLayoutEditordisplaysthe
nameofthecurrentlycalculatedsignal.
AUTO
StarttheAutorouter.
IfyoutypeAUTOFOLLOWMEinthecommandline,the Autorouter Setup
windowopensinthefollowmemode,whichallowstosettheparametersfor
thefollowmerouteronly.
ERC
Performaconsistencycheckforschematicandboard.
DRC
DefineDesignRulesandperformDesignRuleCheck.
TypingDRC*intothecommandlineopenstheDesignRuleswindowwhere
youcancheckandadjustyoursettingsandclosethedialogwindowagain
withoutstartingtheDesignRuleCheck.
76
Table Of Contents
Whenalibraryisloadedthefollowingwindowappearsfirst:
77
LibraryEditor:TableofContentswiththreecolumnsforDevices,
PackagesandSymbols(here:rcl.lbr)
Thetableofcontentsofthislibraryisshown.ThreecolumnslistallDevices,
Packages and Symbols available in the library file. Doubleclick on of the
entriestostarttheeditingmode.
Arightmouseclickopensacontextmenuofferinganumberofoptions,like
Edit,Remove,RenameandEditDescription.
ThecontextmenuofaDevicecontainsalsotheentries Usedpackages and
Usedsymbols,ofaPackageorSymbolthereisanentryUsingDeviceSets.This
helpstounderstandwhereaPackageorSymbolisusedinaDeviceSet.
78
ALibrarie'sTableofContents:Optionsofthecontextmenu
From the left: Show table of contents, Load Device, load Package, load
Symbol.Theseiconsareshownintheactiontoolbar.
Ifyouclickononeoftheseiconswiththerightmousebutton,orlongclick
with the left mouse button on one of theses icons (not show table of
contents),alistwiththerecentlyeditedobjectswillpopup.
Alternatively there are available the commands REMOVE, RENAME, and
EDIT through the Library menu or the command line. Please check the
chapter LibraryandPartManagement andthehelpfunctionforadditional
information.
79
inthe
actiontoolbar.Typeinthenameofapackage,andreplytotheconfirming
questionCreatenewpackage'packagename'?withyes.
Place pads (thoughhole contacts) or SMDs (SMD contact areas) with the
followingcommandswhichareonlyavailableinthePackageEditor.
PAD
Placethepadofaconventional(throughhole)component.
Thepadcomeswithaplatedthroughdrillthatgoesthroughallsignallayers.
Thepad shapecanberound, square, octagonorlongin theouter signal
layers.Intheinnersignallayerspadsarealwaysround.
SMD
PlaceaSMDpad.
YoucanchangethenameofthepadsorSMDswiththeNAMEcommand.
UsetheWIRE,ARC,etc.commandstodraw
thesymbolforthesilkscreenonlayer21,tPlace,
additionalgraphicalinformationforthedocumentationprint
intolayer51,tDocu.
DrawrestrictedareasfortheAutorouter,ifneeded,inlayers41,tRestrict,42,
bRestrict,or43,vRestrict,orinlayers39,tKeepout,or40,bKeepout,byusing
thecommandsCIRCLE,RECT,orPOLYGON.
PlacemountingholeswiththeHOLEcommand,ifneeded.
UsetheTEXTcommandtoplace
the string >NAME in layer 25, tNames, serving as a text variable
containingthenameofthecomponent,
the string >VALUE in layer 27, tValues, serving as a text variable
containingthevalueofthecomponent.
UsetheDESCRIPTIONcommandtoaddadescriptionforthePackage.
HTMLtextformatcanbeusedforthis.Youwillfindfurtherinformationin
thehelppages.
80
in
theactiontoolbar.EnterthenameoftheSymbol,andreplytotheconfirming
questionCreatenewsymbol'symbolname'?withYes.
PIN
Placepins.
Youcanadjustthepinparameters(name,direction,function,length,visible,
Swaplevel)intheparametertoolbarwhilethePINcommandisactive,orlater
withtheCHANGEcommand.Thepinparametersareexplainedstartingon
page 228 and in the help pages under the keyword PIN. Pin names are
changedusingtheNAMEcommand.
UsetheTEXTcommandtoplace
the string >NAME in layer 25, tNames, serving as a text variable
containingthenameofthecomponent,
the string >VALUE in layer 27, tValues, serving as a text variable
containingthevalueofthecomponent.
DeviceEditorwindow
inthe
actiontoolbar.TypeintheDevicenameandconfirmthequestionCreatenew
device'devicename'?withYes.
UsethefollowingcommandstocreateaDevice.
ADD
Add a Symbol to a Device. Gate name, Swaplevel, and Addlevel can be
definedintheADDcommandintheparametertoolbar,orredefinedlater
withtheCHANGEcommand.
TheSwaplevelspecifieswhetherthereareequivalentGates.
TheAddleveldefines,forinstance,ifaGateistobeaddedtotheschematic
onlyontheusersrequest.Example:thepowergateofanintegratedcircuit
whichisnormallynotshownontheschematic.
82
CHANGE
ChangeSwaplevelorAddlevel.
PACKAGE
DefineandnamePackagevariant(s).ThePACKAGEcommandisstartedby
clickingontheNewbuttonintheDeviceEditorwindow,orbytypingonthe
commandline.ChoosetherequestedPackagevariant.
Moreinformationaboutthiscanbefoundonpage274.
CONNECT
Definewhichpins(Gate)relatetowhichpads(Package).
PREFIX
Provideprefixforthecomponentnameintheschematic(e.g.Rforresistors).
VALUE
IntheDevicemode,VALUEisusedtospecifywhetherthecomponentvalue
canbefreelyselectedfromwithintheschematicdiagramorthelayout,or
whetherithasafixedspecification.
On:Thevaluecanbechangedfromwithintheschematic(e.g.forresistors).
Thecomponentisnotfullyspecifieduntilavaluehasbeenassigned.
Off: The value corresponds to the Device name, including, when present,
assignmentofthetechnologyandthePackageversion(e.g.74LS00N).
EvenifValueisOff,thevalueofacomponentcanbechanged.Aquerychecks
ifthisactionisintended.
Thealteredvalueofthecomponentremainsunchanged,iftheTechnologyor
the Package version is altered later with CHANGE PACKAGE or CHANGE
TECHNOLOGY.
TECHNOLOGY
If necessary,varioustechnologiescanbedefined,forexample,foralogic
component.ClickonTechnologiestherefore.
ATTRIBUTE
Click on Attributes to define any additional attribute for the Device. A
detailed description can be found in the chapter about libraries in this
manual.
83
TheCAMProcessor
TheCAMProcessorcanalsobestarteddirectlyfromthecommandline.A
numberofcommandlineparameterscanbepassedtoitwhenitiscalled.
Thesearelistedintheappendix.
84
Generate Data
Starting the CAM Processor
TherearedifferentwaystostarttheCAMProcessor:
YoucandothisdirectlyfromtheLayoutorSchematicEditorwindowwith
the CAM Processor icon
Load Board
BeforeyoucangenerateanoutputyoumustopentheFilemenuandloada
board file, if not already loaded automatically while stating the CAM
ProcessorfromanEditorwindow.AtthebottomleftintheCAMProcessor
windowyouwillseethefilenamethedataisbeinggeneratedfrom.
TheoutputofdataforaSchematic,forexampleforacertainplotter,isalso
possible.
Start Output
Ifyouwanttoexecutethejobwhichhasbeenloaded,clickthe ProcessJob
button.Ifyoujustwanttogetanoutputusingthecurrentlyvisibleparameter
settings,clicktheProcessSectionbutton.
85
86
Chapter 5
Principles for Working with EAGLE
5.1 Command Input Possibilities
UsuallythecommandsinEAGLEareexecutedbyclickinganiconoranitem
inthemenubarandthenclickingontotheobjectyouwanttoedit.Butthere
arealsoalternativetoexecutecommands.
PossibilitiesforcommandinputinSchematic,Layout,andLibraryEditor:
clickingacommandicon
typingtextcommandsinthecommandline
throughthecontextmenu
viafunctionkeys
viascriptfiles
viaUserLanguageprograms
InanycaseitisnecessarytounderstandthesyntaxoftheEAGLEcommand
languagewhichisdescribedinthefollowingsection.
Adetailed descriptionoftheEAGLEcommandscanbefoundonthehelp
pages.
Command Line
Asanalternativetothepreviouslymentionedclickingontoaniconyoucan
usethecommandline.Whenenteringcommandsyoumayabbreviatekey
wordsaslongastheycannotbemistakenforanotherkeyword,oryoumay
usesmallorcapitalletters(theinputisnotcasesensitive),forexample:
CHANGE WIDTH 0.024
isequivalentto
cha wi 0.024
87
History Function
YoucanrecallthemostrecentlyenteredcommandsbypressingCrsrUp()
or CrsrDown () and edit them. The Esc key deletes the contents of the
commandline.
88
ThecontextmenuforaDeviceintheSchematic
Function Keys
Textsmaybeallocatedtothefunctionkeysandtocombinationsofthosekeys
withAlt,CtrlandShift(forMacOSXadditionallyCmd),ifnotoccupiedby
theoperatingsystemoraLinuxWindowManager(forexampleF1forhelp).
Ifafunctionkeyispressed,thiscorrespondstothetextbeingtypedinviathe
keyboard.Sinceevery commandiscapableofbeingenteredastext,every
command,togetherwithcertainparameters,canbeassignedtoafunction
key.Evenwholesequencesofcommandscanbeassignedtoafunctionkeyin
thisway.
Thecommand
ASSIGN
displays the current function key assignments. Changes to the key
assignmentscanbecarriedoutintheassignwindow.
TheNewbuttoncanbeusedtodefineanewkeyassignment.AclickontoDel
willdeleteamarked entry, while Change alters anexistingdefinition. OK
closesthedialogandsavesthedefinitions,whileCancelabortsthedialog.
These settings can also be made via the Options/Assign menu in the
SchematicorLayoutEditor.
TopredefinecertainassignmentsyoucanalsousetheASSIGNcommandin
thefileeagle.scr(seepage112).
89
ThedialogfortheASSIGNcommand
Examples:
ThecombinationofCtrl+Shift+Gdisplaysagridof0.127mm:
ASSIGN CS+G 'GRID MM 0.127 ON;';
ThecombinationofAlt+F6changesthelayertoTopandstartstheROUTE
command:
ASSIGN A+F6 'LAYER TOP; ROUTE';
ThecombinationofthekeysAlt+RdisplaysonlythelayersTop,Pads,Vias
andDimensionfirstandthenstartstheprintoutwiththedefaultprinter:
ASSIGN A+R 'DISPLAY NONE 1 17 18 20; PRINT;';
A,C,M,andSarethemodifiersfortheAlt,Ctrl,Cmd(MacOSXonly),and
Shiftkey.
ThecombinationofAlt+0bringstheControlPanelintotheforeground.The
combinations Alt+1 upto 9 areassignedtothevarious editorwindows,
accordingtothewindownumberwhichisshownintherespectivetitlebar.
Script Files
Script files are a powerful tool. They can contain long sequences of
commands,suchasthespecificationofspecificcolorsandfillpatternsforall
layers, as for example in defaultcolors.scr. On the other hand they might
containnetlistsconvertedfromthedataofotherprograms.
TheSCRIPTcommandisusedtoexecutescriptfiles.
90
Mixed Input
Thevariousmethodsofgivingcommandscanbemixedtogether.
You can, for instance, click the icon for the CIRCLE command (which
corresponds to typing CIRCLE on the command line), and then type the
coordinatesofthecenterofthecircleandofapointonthecircumferencein
thisform
(2 2) (2 3)
inthecommandline.
Thevaluesusedabovewould,iftheunitiscurrentlysettoinch,resultina
circle with a radius of one inch centered on the coordinate (2 2). It is
irrelevantwhethertheCIRCLEcommandisenteredbyiconorbytypingon
thecommandline.
SomeEAGLEcommandsareusedincombinationwiththeShift,Altor
Ctrlkeys.IncaseyouareworkingwithEAGLEforMacOSX,pleaseuse
theCmdkeyinsteadofCtrl.
Typographical Conventions
Enter key and Semicolon
IfEAGLEcommandsareenteredviathecommandlinetheyarefinishedwith
theEnterkey.Insomecasesacommandmusthaveasemicolonattheend,so
thatEAGLEknowsthattherearenomoreparameters.Itisagoodideato
closeallcommandsinascriptfilewithasemicolon.
TheuseoftheEnterkeyissymbolizedatmanyplaceswithinthishandbook
withthe
sign.
91
Lower Case
Parametersshownhereinlowercasearetobereplacedbynames,numbers
orkeywords.Forexample:
Syntax:
GRID grid_size grid_multiple
Input:
GRID 1 10
Thissetsthegridto1mm(assumingthatthecurrentunitissettomm).
Every tenth grid line is visible. The figures 1 and 10 are placed into the
commandinsteadoftheplaceholdersgrid_sizeandgrid_multiple.
Underscore
Inthenamesofparametersandkeywordstheunderscoresignisoftenused
intheinterestsofaclearerrepresentation.Pleasedonotconfuseitwithan
empty space. As can be seen in the example above, grid_size is a single
parameter,asisgrid_multiple.
Ifakeywordcontainsanunderscoresign,suchasCOLOR_LAYERdoesinthe
command
SET COLOR_LAYER layer_name color_word
thenthecharacteristobetypedinjustlikeanyother.Forexample:
SET COLOR_LAYER BOTTOM BLUE
Spaces
Whereveraspaceispermissible,anynumberofspacescanbeused.
Alternative Parameters
The|charactermeansthattheparametersarealternatives.Forexample:
Syntax:
SET BEEP ON | OFF
Input:
92
Repetition Points
The .. characters mean either that the function can be executed multiple
times, or that multiple parameters of the same type are allowed. For
example:
Syntax:
DISPLAY option layer_name..
Input:
DISPLAY TOP PINS VIAS
Thelayernumbercanalternativelybeused:
DISPLAY 1 17 18
Morethanonelayerismadevisiblehere.
Ifalayer(inthiscaseBottom)istobehidden:
DISPLAY -16
Mouse Click
Thefollowingsign usuallymeansthatatthispointinthecommandan
objectistobeclickedwiththeleftmousebutton.
Forexample:
MOVE
Input:
MOVE (or click the icon)
Mouse click on the first object to be moved
Mouse click on the destination
Mouse click on the second object to be moved
and so on.
Youcanalsoseefromtheseexampleshowtherepetitionpointsaretobe
understoodinthecontextofmouseclicks.
93
Relative values:
Itispossibletouserelativecoordinatevaluesintheform(Rxy)whichrefer
toareferencepointsetwiththeMARKcommandbefore.Ifyoudon'tseta
referencepointtheabsoluteoriginofthecoordinatesystemwillbetaken.
Settingaviarelativetothereferencepoint:
GRID MM 0.5;
MARK (20 10);
VIA (R 5 12.5);
MARK;
FirstthegridissettoMillimetres,thenthereferencepointattheposition(20
10)isplaced.Theviaislocatedatadistanceof5mminxand12.5mminy
directionfromthethispoint.Thenthereferencepointisremoved.
Polar values:
Polarcoordinatesaregivenintheformof(Pradiusangle).
GRID MM;
MARK (12.5 7.125);
LAYER 21;
CIRCLE (R 0 0) (R 0 40);
PAD (P 40 0);
PAD (P 40 120);
PAD (P 40 240);
Thisexamplesshowshowtosetthereferencepointatposition(12.57.125).
Thenacirclewitharadiusof40mmisdrawninlayer21,tPlace.Threepads
areplacedonthecircumferencewithanangleof120.
Herethecircleiseasilydrawnwiththehelpofrelativecoordinates.Sowedo
nothavetoworryaboutabsolutevaluesofapointonthecircumferencefor
thesecondcoordinatespairtodeterminethecircle.
94
Modifier:
Withinparenthesisonecanusesomemodifiers.Forcombinationsyoudon't
havetocareabouttheorder:
A representsthepressedAltkey,thealternativegrid
C representsthepressedCtrlkey,MacOSX:Cmd
S representsthepressedShiftkey
R relativecoordinates
P polarcoordinates
> rightmouseclick
CandScausemiscellaneouscommandstobehaveindifferentmanners.More
informationcanbefoundinthehelpfunctionoftherespectivecommand.
Ifthecommandsarebeingreadfromascriptfile,eachonemustbeclosed
withasemicolon.Intheabovecasesthesemicolonscanbeomittedifthe
commandsarebeingenteredviathekeyboardandeachisbeingclosedwith
theEnterkey.
Examples:
Acomponentistobetransposedtoaspecifiedposition.
GRID MM 1;
MOVE IC1 (120 25) ;
Alternativelyyoucanusetheobject'scoordinates:
MOVE (0.127 2.54) (120 25);
IC1islocatedatcoordinates(0.1272.54)andismovedtoposition(12025).
ThecurrentpositionofaDevicecanbeobtainedwiththeaidoftheINFO
command.
INFO IC1
WhenaSymbolisdefined,apinisplacedatacertainposition.
PIN 'GND' PWR NONE SHORT R180 (0.2 0.4) ;
Youdrawarectangularforbiddenareainlayer41tRestrict:
LAYER TRESTRICT;
RECT (0.5 0.5) (2.5 4) ;
95
TheGridmenu
ThecurrentgridSizeissetinthegridmenu.Theunitschoseninthecombo
boxareused.
The Multiple option indicates how many grid lines are displayed. If, for
instance,thevalue5isenteredatMultiple,everyfifthlinewillbedisplayed.
The Alt line allows to set an alternative grid which can be activated by
pressingthe Alt key(while,forexample,MOVE,ROUTE,ADD,orWIREis
active). This can be very useful for placing parts in a dense layout or
arranging labels in the schematic. If you decide not to place it in the
alternativegridandreleasetheAltkeybeforeplacingit,theobjectstaysinits
origingrid.
96
andapopupmenuappears
SelecttheNew..entry
Enterthenameofthealias,forexampleTop_view
ClicktheOKbutton
FromnowonthepopupmenuoftheDISPLAYiconcontainstheentryTop
view.
Ifyoupreferthecommandlineforactivatingthisaliasyouhavetoenter:
DISPLAY TOP_VIEW or disp top_v
Itdoesnotmatterifyouwriteinupperorlowercaselettershers.Youmay
useabbreviationsaslongasthenameisclear.
Therearenolimitationtothenumberofaliasesused.
UseDISPLAY LASTinthecommandlineortheentryLastoftheDISPLAY's
popupmenuicontoreturntothelastlayerselection.
MoredetailscanbefoundonthehelppageoftheDISPLAYcommand.
97
entryinthepopupmenutodefinethealias.
Thiscanbedoneinthecommandlineaswell.forthegridcommanditcould
looklikethis:
GRID = My_Grid inch 0.005 lines on
Thecommand
grid my_grid orinshort gri my
executes the alias. The command is case insensitive, the alias can be
abbreviated.
to
openthepopupmenu
ClicktheNew..entrynowandnameyouralias
Let'sassumethealiasnameisupper_left:Youcanrestorethisdisplaydetail,
forexample,inthecommandlinewith:
WINDOW Upper_Left orinshort win upper_l
Alternativelyrightclickontothe Select iconoftheWINDOWcommandand
selecttheentryupper_leftinthepopupmenu.
InaSchematicthatconsistsofmorethanonesheetanaliasisexecuted
alwaysonthecurrentlyactivesheet,independentofwhereitwasdefined
originally.
98
DeletingaWINDOWalias
ThesamemethodscanbeusedtoRenameorEditanalias.
These actions can be executed also via the command line. Further
informationcanbefoundinthehelppagesabouttheDISPLAY,GRID,and
WINDOWcommands.
Automatic Naming
IfanameisgiventogetherwithoneofthecommandsPIN,PAD,SMD,NET,
BUS or ADD, then other names will be derived from it as long as the
commandisstillactive.
Thenameissimplytypedintothecommandlinebeforeplacingtheobject
(whileitisattachedtothemouse).Notethatthenamemustbeplacedwithin
simplequotationmarks.EntryiscompletedwiththeEnterkey().
Theexamplesillustratehowautomaticnamingfunctions:
99
DIRECTORY
Outputs a list of the contents (Devices, Symbols, and Packages) of the
currentlyloadedlibrary.
NETLIST
Outputsa netlistforthecurrentlyloadedschematicorboardinanEAGLE
specificformat.Itcanbeusedtochecktheconnectionsinadrawing.
TherearealsoavailableseveralUserLanguageprogramsthatallowtoexport
variousnetlistformats.PleasetakealookintoCadSoft'sDownloadareain
theweb:http://www.cadsoftusa.com/download.htm.
NETSCRIPT
Outputsanetlistofthecurrentlyloadedschematicintheformofascriptfile.
ThenetscriptcanbeimportedintotheboardfilewiththehelpoftheSCRIPT
command.Thiscouldbepossiblysuggestiveiftherearedifferencesinthe
netlistbetweenschematicandlayout.
Inthefirststepyouhavetodeleteallsignalsinthelayoutwiththecommand
DELETESIGNALS.Beawarethatalltracesarelost!NowexporttheNetscript
fromtheSchematicandimportitwiththeSCRIPTcommandintothelayout.
TheresultisaSchematic/Layoutfilepairwithanidenticalnetlist.
PARTLIST
Outputsacomponentlistfortheschematicorboard.
PINLIST
Outputsapin/padlistfortheschematicorboard,listingtheconnectednets.
101
IMAGE
TheoptionImageallowsyoutogeneratefilesinvariousgraphicformats.
Thefollowingformatsareavailable:
bmp
WindowsBitmapfile
png
PortableNetworkGraphicsfile
pbm
PortableBitmapfile
pgm
PortableGrayscaleBitmapfile
ppm
PortablePixelmapfile
tif
TagImagefile
xbm
XBitmapfile
xpm
XPixmapfile
Settingsforgraphicfileoutput
ClicktheBrowsebutton,selecttheoutputpath,andtypeinthegraphicfile
namewithitsextension.Thefileextensiondeterminesthegraphicfiletype.
Togenerate ablackandwhiteimageactivatetheoption Monochrome.To
maketheimageavailableviathesystem'sclipboardsettheClipboardoption.
The Resolution canbesetindotsperinch.Theresulting ImageSize willbe
showninthelowestfield.
The Area fieldallowsaselectionof Full or Window. Full printsthewhole
drawing,whereas Window printsthecurrentlyintheEditorwindowvisible
partofthedrawing.
102
LIBRARIES
Create libraryfileswithallthedevicesandpackagesthatareusedinthe
currentproject.
Pleasespecifythepathwherethe libraryfilesshallbestoredinthedialog
window.Besurenottooverwrtieyoursystemlibraries.Thisoptionallowsto
extract all library definitions from schematic and board and make them
available,forexample,forfurthereditingorforfurtherusageinyourown
libraries.ThisfunctionisrealizedbytheUserLanguageProgramexplbrs.ulp.
,thetwofiles
104
Configuration Commands
Mostoftheoptionsareusuallysetbymeansofthe Options menusofthe
individualEAGLEeditorwindows.
TheControlPanelallowssettingstobemadeforDirectories,fileBackupand
the appearance of the editor window (User interface). These options are
describedinthechapterontheControlPanelunderthe
Optionsmenuheading,startingonpage45.
ThroughtheUserinterfacesettingsitispossibletoselecttheiconbasedmenu
oraconfigurabletextmenu.
The MENU command allows the text menu to be given a hierarchical
configurationbymeansofascriptfile.Thereisanexampleofthisinthe
appendix.
TheOptionsmenuintheeditorwindowsforschematicdiagrams,layoutsand
librariescontains,inadditiontotheUserinterfaceitem,twofurtherentries:
AssignandSet.
The ASSIGN command alters and displays the assignment of the function
keys.Youwillfindinformationaboutthisonpage89.
GeneralsystemparametersarealteredwiththeSETcommand.
The CHANGE command allows a variety of initial settings for object
properties.
The GRID command sets the grid size and the current unit. Further
informationaboutthisstartsonpage96.
canbe:attribute,circle,dimension,element,frame,gate,
hole,instance,junction,label,modinst,pad,pin,rectangle,
smd,text,via,wire
text
commands
isthemenutextentry
isthecommandsequence,thatisexecutedafterclicking
ontothemenuentry
Example:
SETCONTEXTwireGo_bottom'changelayer16';
Thecontextmenuforwires(alsopolygonsarememberofobjecttypewire)
has an additional entry named Go_bottom which changes the layer to 16
whenclickingthisentry.
Inordertodeleteallselfdefinedentriesinthecontextmenuofacertain
objecttype,type:
SET CONTEXT wire ;
Toachievethedefaultsettingsforallcontextmenus:
SET CONTEXT ;
106
Color Settings
The Colors tabcontainssettingsforlayerandbackgroundcolorsandcolors
forgridlinesordots.
Threecolorpalettesareavailable:forblack,whiteandcoloredbackground.
Eachpaletteallowsamaximumof64colorentries,whichcanbegivenany
valuefortheAlphachannelandanyRGBvalue.
107
Settingswindow:Colorsettings
IfyouprefertheoldrasterOPbehaviourofpreviousEAGLEversionsonblack
background, deactivate the Use alphablending check box.In thiscase the
alphavalueisignoredwhenusingablackbackground.Colorsaremixednow
usinganORfunction.
By default EAGLE uses the first 16 values (entries 0..15). Eight colors
followedbyfurthereightsocalledhighlightcolors.
Thefirstentryofthepalettedeterminesthebackgroundcolor.Inthewhite
palette,however,itisnotpossibletochangethebackgroundcolorbecause
it'sneededforprintouts,whichnormallyaremadeonwhitepaper.
TheimageaboveshowsthreebuttonsinthePalettecolumn.Clickononeof
them.Forexample,thebuttonfor Colored Background.The Color window
opensnow.
Ontheleftan8x8matrixisvisiblethatcontainsalready16predefined
colors.Therearealternatingeight'normal'colorswiththeircorresponding
eighthighlightcolors.Acolorofthepaletteatpositionxcanbegiventhe
correspondinghighlightcoloratpositionx+8.
Inordertodefinenewvaluesselectanunusedboxofthematrixandadjust
thenewcolorwiththehelpofthecolorselectionareaandthesaturationbar
ontheright.ClickSetColortoapplyyourcolor.Nowselectanewcolorbox
inthematrixandrepeattheprocedureforthenextcolor.
Youmayalsoentervaluesfor Red, Green, Blue or Hue, Sat, Val and Alpha
channeldirectly.
Alphachannel determinesthetransparencyofthecolor.Thevalue0means
thecoloristotallytransparent(invisible),themaximumvalue255standsfor
nontransparent.Forprintoutsthevalueofthealphachannelissetto255for
eachcolor.
108
Colorwindow:Definingcolors
The image above shows four further pairs of colors (normal and
corresponding highlight color vertically arranged). In order to change the
colorpaletteforaneditorwindowselecttheappropriate Background inthe
menuOptions/UserInterface.
Youshouldalwaysdefineatleastonepairofcolors:anormalcolorand
itsrelatedhighlightcolor.
Alternatively,thecolordefinitionandchangeofpalettecanbemadeina
scriptfileorinthecommandline.
SET PALETTE <index> <rgb>
definesacolorforthecurrentlyusedpalette,wherethevalueforthealpha
channelandthecolorvaluehastobegivenhexadecimal.Indexstandsforthe
colornumber,rgbforthevaluesforalphachannel,thecolorsred,blue,and
green.Example:
SET PALETTE 16 0xB4FFFF0
setsthecolornumber16toyellow,whichcorrespondstothedecimalRGB
value 255 255 0 which is hexadecimal FF FF 00. The first byte B4
determinesthevalueofthealphachannel(decimal180).
Hexadecimalvaluesaremarkedbyaleading0x.
Toactivatetheblackcolorpalettetypeinthecommandline:
SET PALETTE BLACK
Thenewpalettewillbecomevisibleafterrefreshingthedrawingareawith
theWINDOWcommand.
ThecolorassignmentforlayersisdonewiththeDISPLAYcommandorwith
SETCOLOR_LAYER.
109
SettingsatOptions/Set/Misc
Optionsoverview:
Beep:
Switcheson/offtheconfirmationbeep.Default:on.
Checkconnects:
Activatesthepackagecheckwhileplacingpartsintheschematic.
Default:on.
Undo:
Switcheson/offtheundo/redo bufferofthecurrenteditorwindow.Incase
youareworkingwithaconsistentschematic/layoutpair,thissettingisvalid
forbotheditorwindows.Default:on.
Optimizing:
Enablestheautomaticremovalofbendsinstraightlines.Default:on.
110
112
(Linux,Mac,Windows)
/etc/eaglerc
(Linux,Mac)
$HOME/.eaglerc
(Linux,Mac)
$HOME/eaglerc.usr
(Windows)
113
114
Chapter 6
From Schematic to Finished Board
Thischapterillustratestheusualroutefromdrawingtheschematicdiagram
to the manually routed layout. One section explains the design of a
hierarchicalschematic.ParticularfeaturesoftheSchematicorLayoutEditor
willbeexplainedatvariouspoints.TheuseoftheAutorouter,theFollowme
router,andtheoutputofmanufacturingdatawillbedescribedinsubsequent
chapters.
Werecommendtocreateaproject(folder)first.Detailscanbefoundon
page43.
Place Symbols
Firstyouhavetomakeavailablethelibrariesyouwanttotakeelementsfrom
withtheUSEcommand.Onlylibrarieswhichareinusewillberecognizedby
theADDcommandanditssearchfunction.Moreinformationconcerningthe
USEcommandcanbefoundonpage53.
ADDdialog:ResultsfromthesearchkeyA4
TheADDcommandmayalsobeenteredviathecommandlineorinscript
files.Theframecanalsobeplacedusingthecommand:
add letter_p@frames.lbr
Wildcardslike*and?mayalsobeusedinthecommandline.Thecommand
add letter*@frames.lbr
for example opens the ADD windows and shows various frames in letter
formattoselect.
Thesearchwillonlyexaminelibrariesthatare inuse.Thatmeansthatthe
libraryhasbeenloadedbytheUSEcommand(Library/Use).
DrawingframesaredefinedwiththeFRAMEcommand.
117
118
INVOKE:GatePistobeplaced
119
tobegin.Thisiconisshownnextto
theactiontoolbar.Itispartofthetextmenuwhichcanbeswitchedonoroff
throughtheOptions/UserInterfacemenu.
TheGeneraloptionstartsageneralproductsearch.TheULPshowsawindow
where you can enter a search string. You will be connected to the
Farnell/NewarkServerdirectly,wheretheULPsearchesforthegivensearch
string,andfinallydisplaysthematches.
TheSchematicoptionstartsasearchforallthepartsusedinyourschematic.
Thesearchtermisthevalueofeachcomponent.Asaresultyouwillgeta
partslistwithFarnell/Newarkordercodes.
Some EAGLE libraries already contain attributes with information about
Farnell/Newarkordercodes.Incasethereisnoordercodeavailableinthe
library,orthereisnomatchattheFarnell/Newarkwebsite,thelistwillmark
theordercodeasunknown.Doubleclickontothisentryforstartingamanual
search. As soon as all the components you would like to put into the
Farnell/Newark shopping cart have got an order code, click onto Add to
shoppingcart.
TheULPcomeswithadetailedhelpwhichexplainsfunctionalityandusage.
AsanalternativeyoucanstarttheULPwiththeRUNcommand.
RUN designlink-order [-general]|[-sop]
IncaseyouareconnectedtotheinternetviaaProxyserver,youhaveto
setproxynameandusedportintheEAGLEControlPanel'sHelp/Check
forUpdate,Configuremenu.
For updating libraries with Farnell/Newark order codes you can use
designlinklbr.ulp.StartitinaLibraryEditorwindowanditloopsthroughall
Devices searching for order codes atthe Farnell/Newark web site. Finally
therewillbecreatedthreeattributes:
>MFformanufacturer,>MPNformanufacturerpartnumber,>OC_FARNELL
orOC_NEWARK fortheordercode.
CrossreferencewithaXREFlabel
ThelowerlabelinthepicturepointstotherightandreferstothenetABCon
thenextpage3,field4A,theupperXREFlabelpointstotheleft(beginning
withtheoriginpoint)andreferstothepreviouspage1,field2D.
IfaXREFlabelisplacedonanetlinedirectly,itwillbemovedtogetherwith
thenet.
Moreinformationaboutcrossreferencescanbefoundinthehelpfunction
fortheLABELcommand.
122
ElectricalSchematicwithcontactcrossreference
123
Netclasses:Parametersettings
Theimageshowsthreeadditionalnetclassesdefined:
Allnetsthatbelongtoclass0,default,willbecheckedbythesettingsofthe
DesignRules.
Net class number 1, for example, has got the name Power and defines a
minimumtrackwidthof40mil.
Theminimumdrilldiameterforviasofthisclassissetto24mil.
The clearance betweentracksofnetclass1andtracksthatbelongtoother
netclassesisalsosetto24mil.
TheleftcolumnNrpredefinesthenetclassofthenextnetthatisdrawnwith
theNETcommand.Thisselectioncanbemadeintheparametertoolbarof
theNETcommand,aswell.
If you would like to define special clearance values between certain net
classes,clickthebuttonmarkedwith>>.TheClearanceMatrixopens.Enter
yourvalueshere.
124
Netclasses:TheClearanceMatrix
To return to the simple view, click the << button. This is only possible,
however,iftherearenovaluesdefinedinthematrix.Thenetclassescanbe
changedlaterbymeansoftheCHANGEcommand(the Class option)inthe
SchematicandintheLayoutEditor.
NetclassdefinitioncanbedoneintheLayoutEditor,aswell.
Anetclasscanbeassignedtoasinglenet/signal(leftmouseclick)ortoa
numberofnets/signals(Ctrl+rightmouseclick)thathavebeenselected
withtheGROUPcommandbefore.
125
Busmenu
Theindexofapartialbusnamemayrunfrom0to511.
ThehelpfunctiongivesfurtherinformationabouttheBUScommand.
Swaplevel:Pinslayerisvisible
Inputpins1and2haveSwaplevel 1,sotheycanbeexchangedwithone
another.Theoutputpin,3,whichhasSwaplevel0,cannotbeexchanged.
YoucanfindtheSwaplevelofaGatebymeansoftheINFOcommand,for
example,typeinthecommandlineINFO IC2A.Alternativelyviathecontext
menu,Propertiesentry.
126
Power Supply
PinsdefinedashavingthedirectionPwrareautomaticallywiredup.Thisis
true,eveniftheassociatedpowergatehasnotexplicitlybeenfetchedinto
theschematic.ThenameofthePwrpindeterminesthenameofthevoltage
line.ThisisalreadyfixedbythedefinitionoftheSymbolsinthelibrary.
If nets are connected to a Device's Pwr pins, then these pins are not
automaticallywired.Theyarejoinedinsteadtotheconnectednet.
ForeveryPwrpintheremustbeatleastonepinwiththesamenamebutthe
direction Sup (asupplypin).Theremustbeoneoneverysheet.TheseSup
pinsarefetchedintotheschematicintheformofpowersupplysymbols,and
aredefinedasDevicesinalibrary(see supply*.lbr).TheseDevicesdonot
haveaPackage,sincetheydonotrepresentcomponents.Theyareusedto
representthesupplyvoltagesintheschematicdiagram,asisrequiredbythe
ElectricalRuleCheck(ERC)forthepurposesofitslogicalchecks.
Various supplyvoltages,suchas0VorGND,whicharetohavethesame
potential (GND, let's say), can be connected by adding the corresponding
supplysymbolsandconnectingthemwithanet.Thisnetisthengiventhe
nameofthatpotential(e.g.GND).
Supplysymbols
Ifyouplaceasupplypin(direction Sup)ontoanet(withADDorMOVE),
youwillbeaskedforanewnetname.Shoulditbethenameofthesupply
pinorshouldthenetnameremainunchanged?
Supplypinnameasnewnetname?
ClickYes(default)forrenamingthenetwiththenameofthesupplypin(in
theimageabove:AGND).ClickNotopreservethecurrentnetname(VA1).
Ifthenethasanautomaticallygeneratedname,likeN$1,youmaysuppress
thiswarningmessage.UsetheSETcommandinthecommandline:
SET Warning.SupplyPinAutoOverwriteGeneratedNetName 1;
127
Define Attributes
Global Attributes
ItispossibletodefineGlobalAttributesintheSchematic,forexample,forthe
authororaprojectidentificationnumber,thatcanbeplacedanywhereinthe
schematic,oftenusedinthedocfieldofthedrawingframe.
OpenthedialogthroughtheEdit/GlobalAttributes...menu.Clickthebutton
NewtodefineanewGlobalAttribute.Itconsistsoftheattribute'snameand
itsvalue.
GlobalAttributes:TheAuthorattributeiscreated
If you want to make a global attribute visible in the schematic, write a
placeholderwiththeTEXTcommand.Forthe AUTHOR attribute,writethe
text>author.
It does not matter, if it is written in lower or upper case letters. The
>characterinfrontofthetextindicatesthatthisisspecialtext.
It is possible to define the placeholder text already in the Library, for
example,inaSymbolofadrawingframe.Inthiscasetheglobalattributewill
beshownoneachschematicsheetcontainingthisframe.
GlobalAttributescanbedefinedintheSchematicandLayoutseparately.
MoreinformationonthiscanbefoundintheATTRIBUTEcommand'shelp.
128
Attributedialog
ClickingtheATTRIBUTE
iconandthenontoaDeviceopensadialog
window.Itliststhepart'sattributesalreadydefinedintheschematicorinthe
library.
TheimageaboveshowstheattributesDISTRIBUTOR,IDNUMBER,andTEMP
forpartR1.Theiconsontherightindicatewheretheattributecomesform:
globallyintheSchematic
globallyintheLayout
intheLibrary'sDeviceEditor
fortheelementintheSchematic
forthePackageintheLayout
AttributesthataredefinedintheLayoutEditor arenotshowninthe
SchematicEditor.AnewlydefinedattributeintheSchematicadoptsthe
valueofanalreadyexistingattributeintheLayout.
Defining a New Attribute
ClickontotheNewbuttontodefineanewattributeintheschematic.Inthe
followingdialogyoucandefineName,Value,andtheDisplaymode.
Inthisimagetheattribute'snameisTOLERANCE,itsvalueis1%.
129
Createandchangeattributes
WiththeDisplayoptionyoumanagethewaytheattributeisdisplayedinthe
drawing.Therearefouroptionsavailable:
Off: Theattributeisnotvisible
Value: Onlytheattribute'svalueisvisible(1%)
Name: Onlytheattribute'snameisvisible(TOLERANCE)
Both: Nameandvaluearevisible(TOLERANCE=1%)
IftheDisplayoptionisnotsetOff,therespectivetextwillbedisplayedatthe
Device's or Gate's origin. The layer which is preset in the Schematic, for
examplewithCHANGELAYERbeforecreatingtheattribute,determinesthe
text'slayer.Locationandlayercanbechangedanytime.
Ifthereisanalreadydefinedplaceholdertextforanelementinthelibrary,
thetextshowsupatthegivenlocation.Itispossibletounfixsuchtextswith
theSMASHcommand.Nowyoucanmoveit,changeitslayer,thefont,its
sizeandsoon.
Changing an Attribute's Value
Valuesofattributesthatarealreadydefinedinthelibrarycanbechangedin
the Schematic Editor. After changing an attribute's value, the attributes
dialog displays special icons that indicate the attribute's status. The icons
havethefollowingmeaning:
theyellowiconindicatesthattheattributeinitiallywasdefined
withavariablevalueandthatthevaluehasbeenchanged.
therediconindicatesthatthevalueoftheattributewhichwas
initiallydefinedasconstanthasbeenchangedafteraconfirmation
prompt.
theplainbrowniconindicatesthataglobalattributewas
overwrittenbyapartattribute.Thevalue,however,remained
unchanged.
thebrowniconwiththeunequalsignindicatesthataglobal
attributewasoverwrittenbyapartattributeandthevaluehas
beenchanged.
130
Attributedialogwithdifferentattributes
Grayed text in the Attributes' dialog indicates that it can't be changed or
rathertheelement'sattributevaluewasdefinedasconstantinthelibrary.
Theiconsinformyouabouttheattribute'soriginanditscurrentstatus.Move
themousecursorontooneoftheiconstoletEAGLEdisplaytooltiptextsto
explain itsmeaning, provided theBubble help in Options/User interface is
active.
More details on defining attributes can be found in the library chapter
beginningwithpage261.
ortheentryErc...
intheToolsmenu.
AlltheerrorsandwarningsarelistedintheERCErrorwindow.Errorsare
markedwitharedicon,warningswithayellowicon.
Inthecaseofacorrespondingboardfile,theERCalsocheckstheconsistency
betweenschematicandboard.Iftherearenodifferences,ERCreportsBoard
andschematic areconsistent.OtherwisetheERCErrorswindowcontainsa
branchwithConsistencyerrors.Forfurtherinformationonthisseepage193.
Itispossibletosorttheerrorsandwarnings,ascendingordescending,by
errortypesorsheetnumbers.clickontothecolumnheaders Type or Sheet
therefore.
131
TheERCErrorswindow
Ifyouselectanentryinthe Errorsor Warningsbranch,alinepointstothe
correspondinglocationintheschematicdiagram.Incaseyouzoomedinto
thedrawing,youcanclicktheoptionCentered.Thecurrentlyselectederroris
showninthemiddleofthedrawingwindownow.
Pleasecheckeacherrorandeverywarning.
Insomesituationsitmaybethecasethatyouwanttotolerateanerrorora
warning.Usethe Approve buttonforthis.Theerror/warningentrywillbe
removedfromthe Errors or Warnings branchandappearsinthe Approved
branch.
Ifyouwanttohavethecapabilityofdisplayinganapprovederror/warning
occurrenceinthe Errors or Warnings branch,expandthe Approved branch,
selecttheerrorentryandclicktheDisapprovebutton.Nowitistreatedasa
normalerror/warningandismarkedintheschematic.
Anapprovederror/warningretainsitsapprovedstatusaslongasyoudonot
disapprove it by clicking the Disapprove button. Even a new ERC won't
changethisstatus.
Ifthe Errors windowlistsapprovederrorsorwarningsonly,itwon'topen
automaticallyafterrunningtheElectricalRuleCheckagain.Thestatuslineof
theSchematicEditor,however,willshowthefollowinghint:
ERC:2approvederrors/warnings
Movinganentryfromonebranchintotheother,markstheschematicfileas
changedandnotsaved.
Whilecorrectingtheerrorontheboard,theERCErrorswindowmayremain
open. After correcting one error or warning you can mark the entry as
Processed in the error list by clicking onto the Processed button. The
132
command,showsthesamestatusasyouleft
itatlast.
IfyouclickontotheClearallbutton,theErrorsandWarningsbrancheswill
be cleared. Approved errors and warnings, however, will remain in the
Approvedbranch.ThemessageListwasclearedbyuserisshownthen.
If you did not run an ERC before, the ERRORS command will start it
automaticallybeforeopeningtheerrorswindow.
TheERCcheckstheschematicdiagramaccordingtoarigidsetofrules.It
can sometimes happen that an error message or warning can be
tolerated.
If necessary, make an output of net and pin lists with the EXPORT
command.
SHOWallowsnetstobetracedintheschematicdiagram.
133
Netnamesbeforeandafterpastingtheschematic
It'spossibletopredefineanoffsetfortheenumerationofthecomponents,if
youusethePASTEcommandinthecommandline:
PASTE 200 channel1.sch
addstheschematicwithnamechannel1.schintothedrawingandincrements
the components' names with an offset of 200. R1 of channel1.sch will be
namedR201inthecurrentdrawingthen.
ThisfunctionisalsoavailablethroughtheFile/Import...menu.
Multi-Channel Devices
Thisfunctionalitycanbeusedtoeasilycreatemultichanneldevices:
135
136
Creating a Module
ClickontotheMODULE icon
tocreateamodule.TheModuleDialog
ModuleInstanceforModuleFilter(yetwithoutportsandcontents)
ThepictureshowsanewlycreatedmodulewithnameFILTER.Themodule
sheetisstillempty.Therearenocomponentsandnetsdrawn.
Thecorrespondingmoduleinstancehasalreadybeenplacedontheschematic
pageandhasthenameFILTER1.
137
ContextmenuofmodulesheetFilter:1
Inthecontextmenuofthemodulesheetyoucancreatea new additional
modulesheet,removeamodulesheet,orcompletelyremoveawholemodule
withallitsmoduleinstancesfromtheschematic(RemoveModule).
ThedescriptionofamodulecanbeformattedwithHTMLtags.Thefirstline
ofthedescriptionwillbedisplayedinadditiontothemodulenameinthe
modulesheetpreviewandintheSheetcombobox.
In Properties, you have the option to define a prefix and the size of the
symbolofthemoduleinstancethatrepresentsthemoduleintheschematic.
Prefixdefinesthenameofthemoduleinstances,asitiswiththeprefixfora
deviceinalibrary.Ifyouchooseforamodulenamed Power_Amplifier,for
example,asaprefix PA,thenameofthefirstmoduleinstancewillbePA1,
thesecondPA2,andsoon.Ifthereisnoprefixdefined,themodulename+
numberwillbeused.
138
Define Ports
A Port serves asaninterface forthenetswithinamoduleandtheworld
outside. In the main level schematic ports can be connected to nets that
connectdifferentmoduleinstancesorcomponentsthatarenotmemberofa
module(i.e.inthemainschematiclevel).
ClickonthePORTicon
andthenclickthemoduleinstancefortheportto
becreated.Thefirstportisattachedtothemousecursor.Itcanbemoved
along the module instance's contour. The parameter toolbar of the PORT
commandshowsacomboboxthatoffersdifferentportdirections.
The Direction describes the logical direction of signal flow. There are the
followingoptions:
NC
In
Out
IO
OC
Hiz
Pas
Pwr
notconnected
input
output(totempole)
in/out,bidirectional(default)
opencollectororopendrain
highimpedance(3State)output
passive
powerpin(Vcc,Gnd,Vss...),supplyvoltageinput
Thedirectionisshownattheportsbycorrespondingarrows.
Afterchoosingthedirectionplacetheportwithaleftmouseclick.Thisopens
aselectionwindowfromwhichyouselectthemodulenet,whichshouldbe
connectedviatheporttooutsidethemodule.Ifthereisyetnocorresponding
netpresentinthemodule,youcandefineaNewname,aswell.Thisnethas
tobecreatedinthemodulethen!
IntheSelectwindowscanalsoappearmodulebuses.Aportcanevenhandle
simple buses, for example PA[0..7]. The nets PA0...PA7 will be exported
throughthisbusport.Thebusportwillbedrawnwithawiderlinewidth.
139
SelecttheModuleNetforthePort
Theconnectionpointoftheportisdisplayedthesamewayasforpinsof
componentsinlayer93,Pins.
ModuleInstancewithPorts;ontheright:PropertiesDialog
140
ModuleSelection
Placethemoduleinstanceintheschematic.
Amoduleinstancecanbemovedasawhole,forexample,withMOVE.
Do you want to move only one port to another location or change the
Directionorthe nameoftheport,however,selecttheMOVEorINFO,hold
downtheCtrlkeyandclickontheport.
Achangetoamoduleinstancethatisusedmultipletimesinthehierarchical
schematicistransferredtoallmoduleinstances.
Ifyouwould,forexample,addanewporttothemoduleinstanceFilter1in
theimageabove,therewouldbeaddedthesameporttothemoduleinstance
Filter2simultaneously.
Achangeinthesizeofthesymbolofamoduleinstancecanbedoneviathe
propertiesdialogorby Ctrl+MOVEononeofthebordersofthebox.The
changeappliestoallmoduleinstancesofthismodule.
ModulInstanceName:PartName
SupposedacomponentwiththenameC1isusedinthemoduleFILTERSand
alsousedinamodulenamedPOWERSUPPLY.
Ifthesemodulesarerepresentedbytwomoduleinstancesintheschematic
(Filter1 and Powersupply1), the resulting component namesonthe board
willbecomposedofthemoduleinstancenamefollowedbya':'andthepart
name.Soinourexample,thecomponentswillhavethenamesFilter1:C1and
Powersupply1:C1.
ThisisthedefaultmethodusedbyEAGLE.
Offset
Optionalyoucanspecifyanoffsetformoduleinstancesonschematicmain
level.Forexample,themoduleinstanceFilter1hasdefinedanoffsetof100
and the module instance Powersupply1an offset of 200, the resulting
component name on the board will be C101 instead of the previous
Filter1:C1andC201insteadPowersupply1:C1.
141
Consistency
Toavoidinconsistenciesbetweenschematicandboardregardingcomponents
and nets and the corresponding signals in the hierarchical design, some
commandscannotbeexecutedintheLayoutEditor.
142
DRC:AdjustingtheDesignRules
General Principles
Thefirsttimethatyoucallthisdialog,theDesignRulesareprovidedbythe
program.Ifnecessary,adjustthevaluestosuityouroryourBoardhouse's
requirements.
The Apply buttonstoresthevaluesthatarecurrentlysetinthelayoutfile.
ChangestovariousDesignRules,likethesettingsconcerningtheRestring,
areimmediatelydisplayedintheLayoutEditorafterclickingApply.
TheDesignRulescanbesavedinaspecialDesignRulesfile(*.dru)bythe
useoftheSaveas..button.Soyoucaneasilyusethissetofrulesforanother
board.
ToapplyasetofDesignRulestoaboard,youcandragany dru fileofthe
DesignRules branchofthetreeview intheControlPanelintotheLayout
Editorwindoworclickthe Load..buttoninthe FiletaboftheDesignRules
window.
144
ManagetheDesignRules
Layers
Numberofcopperlayers,structureofmultilayer
boards,kindandlengthofvias,thicknessofcopper
andisolationlayers
Clearance Distancesbetweenobjectsinthesignallayers
representingsignalsthatmaybedifferentorthesame
Distance
Distancesfromtheboardedgeandbetweenholes
Sizes
Minimumtrackwidthandholediameter,particularly
forMicroandBlindvias
Restring
WidthoftheremainingringatPadsand(Micro)vias
Shapes
ShapesofPadsandSMDs
Supply
Thermalsymbolsincopperplains
Mask
Valuesforsolderstopandsoldercreammasks
Misc
Additionalchecks
Mostparametersareexplainedwiththehelpofasmallimage.Assoonas
youclickintoaparameterline,theassociateddisplayappears.
Layers
Definethenumberofsignallayersandthekindofvias(BlindorBuriedvias)
here.WiththehelpofamathematicalexpressionintheSetuplinetheproper
structure ofthe board,theappropriatecombinationofcoresandprepregs
andtheresultingfacilitiesforviascanbedefined.
In most cases (for simple two or more layer boards) the vias are drilled
throughalllayers.Theimageaboveshowsthedefaultsetupforatwolayer
board.Theexpression(1*16)definesonecorewithlayers1and16,which
can be connected with vias. Parenthesis around the expression define
throughhole(continuous)vias.
145
DesignRules:LayerSetup
Basicexamples:
1layer:
16
Onlylayer16,novias.
4layers,viasthroughalllayers:
(1*2+15*16)
Twocoresareaffiliatedwitheachother.
6layers,viasthroughalllayers:
(1*2+3*14+15*16)
Threecoresareaffiliatedwitheachother.
ThefieldsforCopperandIsolationareusedtodefinethethicknessofcopper
andisolationlayers.Thesesettingsareonlyrelevantforcomplexmultilayer
boardsthatuseBlindorMicrovias.
ThecommandsDISPLAY,LAYER,WIRE,andROUTEworkonlywiththose
signallayersdefinedintheLayerSetup.
FurtherinformationandexamplesabouttheLayersetupcanbefoundinthe
sectionMultilayerBoardsbeginningwithpage172.
LoadingaboardfilethatwasmadewithanolderversioncausesEAGLE
tocheckwhichsignallayerscontainwires.Theselayersappearinthe
layersetup.Pleaseadjustitifnecessary.
146
Sizes
Theminimumvaluesfortrack widthandfor holediameterallowedinthe
layoutareselectedhere.
If additionally net classes are defined and values for clearance, width, or
minimum drill, are set, the respectively higher value is taken into
consideration.
Hereyousettheaspectratioofdrilldepthtodrilldiameterforboardsthat
containBlindvias.Pleasecontactyourboardhouseforthisinformation!If
theboardhousespecifies,forexample,anaspectratioof1:0.5youhaveto
enterthevalue0.5inthelineMin.BlindViaRatio.
Formicroviasyouhavetosettheminimumdrilldiameterintheline Min.
MicroVia.Settingthisvaluehigherthanthevaluein MinimumDrill means
thattherearenomicroviasused(default).Toputthisintootherwords:If
thedrilldiameterisbetweenthevalueforMin.MicroViaandMinimumDrill
theviaisconsideredamicrovia.
147
DisplayingViapropertieswithINFO
Predefinedvalue(byCHANGEDIAMETER):
Actualcalculateddiameterintheouterlayers:
Actualcalculateddiameterintheinnerlayers:
0.7
0.9
0.8
Here the resulting via diameter is bigger than the predefined value,
accordingtothegivenminimumvalueintheDesignRules'Restringsettings
forvias.
The following image illustrates the template for setting the width of the
residualring.Thestandardvaluefortherestringaroundholesis25%ofthe
holediameter.Sincethewidthoftheringonsmallholesspecifiedthisway
wouldsoonfallbelowatechnicallyfeasiblevalue,aminimumvalue(here:
10milforpads,8milforvias,4milformicrovias)isspecifiedhere.Itisalso
possibletospecifyamaximumvalue.
Example:
Theringaroundaholewith40mildiameteris10mil(25%).Ittherefore
liesinbetweenthemaximumandminimumvalues.
Iftheholeisonly24milindiameter(e.g.foravia),thecalculationyieldsa
restringvalueofonly6mil.Foraboardmadeinstandardtechnologythisis
extremelyfine,andcannoteasilybemade.Itmightwellinvolveextracosts.
Inthiscaseaminimumvalueof10milisgiven.
148
DesignRules:Restringsettings
Ifyouliketodefinearestringwithafixedwidth,usethesamevaluefor
minimumandmaximum.Thevalueinpercenthasnoeffectinthiscase.
Diametercheckbox:
Incaseyoudefinedadiameterforapadinthelibraryorforaviainthe
Layout Editor, and you want to have this given diameter taken into
considerationfortheinnerlayers,activatetheDiameteroption.Thiscanbeof
interestifapredefinedpadorviadiameterexceedsthevaluecalculatedby
the Design Rules. Otherwise the pad or via in the inner layers would be
smaller than in the outer layers. If youwant pads/vias to have the same
diameterinalllayers,settheoptionDiameter.
Theoptionissetoff,bydefault,fornewcreatedboards,butwillbesetonfor
boardsthatareupdatedfromversion3.5orpriorbecauseintheseversions
padsandviashadthesamediameterinalllayers.Thustheupdateprocess
doesnotchangetheoriginallayout.
AllthevaluescanalsobegiveninMillimetres(forexample0.2mm).
Shapes
SMDs:
A rounding factor can be specified here for SMD pads. The value can be
between0%(norounding)and100%(maximumrounding).
Roundness:0102550100[%].Right:100%,square
149
DesignRules:Adjustingpadshapes
NotesonthedisplayintheLayoutEditor:
150
Supply
SpecifiesthesettingsforThermalsymbols.
Thevaluefor Thermalisolation determinesthedistancebetweenapolygon
andtherestringofthepadorviathatisjoinedtothepolygonthrougha
Thermalsymbol.
TheGeneratethermalsforviasflagpermitsThermalsymbolsatthroughholes.
Otherwiseviasarefullyconnectedtothecopperplane.Thisappliesalsofor
polygons. But you can disable this option for individual polygons with
CHANGETHERMALSOFFandamouseclickontothepolygon'scontour.
Inside hatched polygons EAGLE doesn't generate Thermal symbols for
viasthatdonothaveadirectcontacttooneofthepolygonlines.
Pads or SMDs marked with the flag NOTHERMALS (CHANGE THERMALS
OFF) in the Package Editor will be connected basically without Thermal
symbols.
Masks
Settingsfortheovermeasureofthe solder stopmask(Stop)andthe solder
creammask(Cream)aremadehere.
Thedefaultvalueforsolderstopis4mil,i.e.minimumvalueismaximum
valueis4mil.Thepercentvaluehasnoeffectinthiscase.
Thevalueforthecreamframeissetto0,whichmeansthatithasthesame
dimensionsastheSMD.
151
DesignRules:SettingsforSolderStopandCreamFrame
Ifvaluesaregiveninpercent,inthecaseofSMDsandpadsoftheformLong
or Offset, the smaller dimension is the significant one. The values are
constrainedbyminimumandmaximumvalues.
ThevalueforCreamisgivenpositively,asisFrame,althoughitseffectisto
reducethesizeofthesoldercreammask(creamframe).
ThesoldercreammaskisonlygeneratedforSMDs,andisdisplayedonlayer
31,tCream,orlayer32,bCream.
Thesolderstopmaskisdrawninlayers29,tStop,or30,bStop.
SettingtheflagSTOPorCREAM(onlyforSMD)toOFFforapadorSMDat
thePackagedefinitionforbidsEAGLEtogenerateasolderstopmaskora
creamframeforit.
Limitdetermines,togetherwiththeholediameter,whetherornotaviaisto
becoveredwithsolderstoplacquer.
Example:
ThedefaultvalueforLimitis0.Thismeansallviasgetasolderstopsymbol.
Theyarefreeofsolderstoplacquer.
SettheLimit=24:
Allthroughplatedholeswithdiametersupto24mildon'tgetasolderstop
symbol(theyarelacquered),butviaswithlargerholediametersgetasolder
stopsymbol.
For vias with hole diameters below the Limit the STOP flag can be set
(CHANGESTOPON).EAGLEgeneratesasolderstopmaskthen.
Misc
Hereyoucanselect/deselectvariouscheckswhicharemadebytheDesign
RuleCheck:
152
154
Boardcommand:Createthelayoutfromtheschematic
TheDevicesareautomaticallyplacedattheleftoftheboard.
The board outline can be drawn as a simple narrow line in layer 20,
DimensionwiththeWIREcommand.
It'seasily possible to drawround outlines, too.Therefore use theCIRCLE
commandwithasmallwidthnear0.
Youcanalsoplaceaboardcontourfromalibrary(suchas 19inch.lbr)with
ADD.
Ascriptfilecan,alternatively,bereadbytheSCRIPTcommand.Theeuro.scr
file,forinstance,canbeused.Simplytype
SCRIPT EURO
onthecommandline.
Theboardoutlineservessimultaneouslyasaboundaryfortheautorouteror
Followmerouter(ifpresent).
Ifyourboardhasadditionalcutouts,youshoulddrawthenecessarymilling
contours in a separate layer, for example in 46, Milling. Use the WIRE
commandwithwirewidth=0todefineyourlines.
Arrange Components
Drag the various components to the desired positions. Use the MOVE
commandforthispurpose.Devicescanbeclickedondirectly,oraddressed
byname.
Ifyoutype,forexample,
MOVE R14
155
ParametertoolbarforROTATE,MOVE,ADD,COPY
NexttotheAngleboxarethebuttonsfortheSpinandMirrorflag.
Thelefthand Spin iconisselected
,ifthespinflagisnotset(default).
Thismeansthattextsaredisplayedalwaysreadablefromtherightorfrom
thebottomsideofthedrawing.
IfthespinflagisactivaetherighthandSpinnedicon
ismarkedthe
textscanbedisplayedinanyrotation,alsoupsidedown.
The Mirror icons used with components determine where a component is
placed:onthetopside(default)oronthebottomsideoftheboard.Ifa
componentisplacedontop,thelefthandiconisactive.Ifyouwanttoplace
itonthebottomside,clickontotherighthandMirroredicon.
Asanalternativeyoucanworkwiththecommandline:
ROTATE R45 'IC1' ;
addsarotationof45tothecurrentpositionofpartIC1.Assumedyoutried,
for example, to rotate the component with the ROTATE command and
pressedmousebutton,andyoudecidedthatitisnotpossibletoobtainthe
156
157
Exchanging Packages
If, as the layout is developed, you want to replace the selected Package
variantwithadifferentone,thenyoucanuseeitherthePACKAGEorthe
REPLACEcommand,dependingonthesituation.
PACKAGE Command
Itisassumedthatthelayoutandtheschematicdiagramare consistent and
theDevicehasbeendefinedwithmorethanonePackagevariant.
158
CHANGEpackagedialog
IftheShowalltechnologiesoptionisactive,thePackageversionsforallthe
technologiesavailableforthisDevicearedisplayed.Ifthisoptionisnotactive
youwillonlyseePackagesthataredefinedintheselectedtechnology.
ThePackagecanalsobeexchangedfromwithintheschematicdiagram.
Devicesthatdon'thavealternativePackagevariantsdefined,canbemodified
intheLibrary Editor.Addfurther Packagevariants asneeded andupdate
your drawing with thenew library definition. See page 252 Choosing the
PackageVariantsforfurtherinformation.
IfyouchangethePackagevariantofaDevicewhichyougaveanewvalue
with thehelp of theVALUEcommand, althoughithasbeen defined with
VALUEOff,thevaluewillremainunchanged.Seealsopage83.
IfyouwouldliketochangethePackagevariantforseveralidenticalparts,
youcandothisinthecommandline.
DefineaGROUPwithallpartsthatshallgetanewPackagevariant,first.
Nowtypeinthecommandline
CHANGE PACKAGE 'new-device-name'
andclickwithCtrl+rightmousebuttonintothedrawing.
ThenameofthenewPackagevarianthastobeenclosedininvertedcommas.
159
161
162
POLYGONcommand:Parametertoolbar(splitintotwolines)
Width:
Linethicknesswithwhichthepolygonisdrawn.Selectthelargestpossible
width.Thatavoidsunnecessaryquantitiesofdatawhentheboardissent
for manufacture. If the wire width is lower than the resolution of the
outputdriverintheCAMProcessor,awarningisissued.
Afinerlinewidthpermitsthepolygontohaveamorecomplexshape.
Pour:
Specifiesthefillingtype:thewholearea(Solid)oragrid(Hatch).
ThespecialtypeCutoutcanbeusedtodefinepolygonsthatgetsubtracted
fromallothersignalpolygonswithinthesamelayer.Suitableforcutouts
(restrictedareas)inpolygonsininnersignallayers.
Rank:
Overlapping polygons must not create any shortcircuits. Rank can
thereforebeusedtodeterminewhichpolygonsaretobesubtractedfrom
others. Apolygonwith rank =1 hasthehighest priority intheLayout
Editor,nootherpolygondrawninthelayoutiseversubtractedfromit,
whileonewithrank=6hasthelowestpriority.Assoonasthereisan
overlap with a higher rank, the appropriate area is cut out from the
polygonwithrank=6.
PolygonswiththesamerankarecomparedbytheDRC.Therankproperty
worksonlyforpolygonswithdifferentsignals.Foroverlappingpolygons
withthesamesignalnameitiswithouteffect.Theywillbedrawnoneover
theother.
164
ortheentryDRC...inthemenuTools.
UsuallyonesetsthecommonDesignRuleswiththe Edit/DesignRules..
menufirstandstartstheDesignRuleCheckwhenrequiredwiththeDRC
command.ButitisalsopossibletoadjusttheDesignRulesifyouusethe
DRCcommand.Somesettings,likethoseforRestring,affectthelayout
directly.
166
StartingtheDesignRuleCheck
Whenyouhavefinishedtheadjustments,starttheerror checkbyclicking
Check.AtthesametimetheDesignRulesarestoredintheboardfileitself.
ByclickingSelectyouspecifytheregionofthelayoutthatistobeexamined.
Simplydragarectangleoverthedesiredregionwiththemouse.Theerror
checkwillthenstarautomatically.
ClickingonApplytransfersthesettingstotheboardfile.Thismeansthatthe
valuesthathavesofarbeenchosenarenotlostifyoudonotimmediately
starttheerrorcheckandifyouwanttoleavetheDRCdialogviatheCancel
button.
All signal layers are always examined by the Design Rule Check, no
matterifvisibleornot(DISPLAYcommand).
167
DRCErrorslistintheLayoutEditor
Eacherrorismarkedwithanerrorpolygon.Itssizetellsyou,forexamplein
thecaseofaclearanceerror,abouthowmuchthelimitisexceeded.The
errorpolygonsarevisibleintheLayoutEditor,only.Theywon'tbeprinted
norexportedwiththeCAMProcessor.It'snotpossibletoerasethemwiththe
DELETEcommand.ClicktheClearall buttontodeletethem.Ortypeinthe
commandline:
ERRORS CLEAR
Errorsaremarkedwitharediconintheerrorswindow.Ifanerrorinthelist
isselected,alinepointstothecorrespondinglocationintheboard.
Itispossibletohavetheerrorlistsorted,ascendingordescending,byerror
types or layer numbers. therefore click onto the column headers Type or
Layer.
Theerrorsdialogshowsonlyerrorsthatoccurinthecurrentlydisplayed
layers.
Incaseyouzoomedintothedrawingandthereisonlyapartialviewofthe
board, you can click the option Centered. The currently selected error is
showninthemiddleofthedrawingwindownow.Ifyouprefertohavethe
Centeredoptiondeactivatedforbrowsingtheerrorlist,youarenevertheless
168
171
Inner Layer
InnerlayersareusedthesamewayastheouterlayersTopandBottom.They
canbefilledwithcopperareas(polygons)aswell.
BeforeusinginnerlayersyoumustdefinethemintheDesignRules,Layers
Tab.Moredetailscanbefoundinthefollowingsectionsandonpage145.
172
Layer Setup
Thesettingsconcerninglayercompositionandnumberofsignallayersare
madeintheDesignRules,Layerstab,Setup.Seepage145.
Forthroughviasthesetupisverysimple.Noconsiderationsaboutthickness
ofcopperandisolationlayersarenecessary.
Simplyjointwolayersbyanasterisk(like 1*2 or15*16)toonecoreand
combine several cores. This is symbolized by a plus character (like in
1*2+15*16).Theisolationlayerbetweentwocopperlayersiscalledprepreg.
Toexpressthepossibilitytohaveviasthroughalllayersthewholeexpression
issetintoparenthesis.
Examples:
4layers:
(1*2+15*16)
6layers:
(1*2+3*14+15*16)
8layers:
(1*2+3*4+13*14+15*16)
173
Disambiguation
Core:
Thenonflexiblekernelwhichiscoatedwithcopperononeoronbothsides.
Isrepresentedbya*intheLayerSetup.Forexample5*12:Layer5and12
aretheboard'score.
Prepreg:
Flexibleglueingorisolatinglayerwhichisusedinthemanufacturingprocess
ofamultilayerboardtopressinnerandouterlayersontoeachother.
Is represented by a + in the Layer Setup. 1+2 tells us that layer 1 is a
prepregandcombinedwithlayer2.
LayerStack:
Apackofanynumberoflayersconsistingofcoresandprepregswhichare
handledtogetherinthecurrentstepofproduction.
BuriedVia:
Theproductionprocessofthisviadoesnotdifferfromathrough(normal)
via. The current layer stack will be drilled through completely. In the
followingproductionstepsthealreadydrilledviascanbecovered(buried)by
pressingfurthercoresandprepregsonthecurrentlayerstack.Iftheviaisnot
visibleonthecompletedboardwecallitaburiedvia.
Thisisrepresentedbyparenthesis,forexamplein1+(2*15)+16wherethe
BuriedViagoesfromlayer2to15.
BlindVia:
A Blind via connects an outer layer with any inner layer but doesn't go
throughallcopperlayers.ThespecialityofaBlindvialiesintheproduction
process.Thecurrentlayerstackisnotdrilledallthrough.Thedrillholehasa
certaindepthdependingonthenumberoflayersthatshouldbeallowedto
beconnectedwitheachother.Blindviashavetofollowagivenratioofdepth
todrilldiameter.Pleasecontactyourboardhousetogetinformationabout
this.ThisratiohastobedefinedintheSizestabasMin.BlindViaRatio.
Thisisrepresentedbybracketsandthetargetlayermarkedbyacolonbefore
174
Displaying Vias
Itmakessensetosetthelayercoloroflayer18,Vias,tothebackgroundcolor
(DISPLAY menu, Change, Color) if you are working with vias that have
different lengths and shapes. In doing so it is possible to recognize layer
affiliation.
Layer Setup
Combiningcoresandprepregsallowsmanyvariants.Inthefollowingsection
someexamplesshowthefunctionoftheLayersetup.
Pleasereadthisparagraphentirely.Evenifyouintendtodesignafourlayer
board,forexample,itismostadvisabletoreadalsoalltheotherexamplesfor
abetterunderstanding.
4-Layer Board
Example1:
Layers1,2,15and16areused.
Boardstructure:Onecoreinside,outsideprepregs.
Connections:12(blindvias),215(buriedvias)and116(throughvias)
Thesetupexpressionlookslikethis:
[2:(1+(2*15)+16)]
Explanation:
2*15
Layers2and3formthecore.
(2*15)
Parenthesisallowburiedviasfrom2to15.
(1+(2*15)+16)
Onbothsidesofthecorecopperlayersarepressedon
withprepregs.
Theouterparenthesisdefinecontinuousviasfrom116.
[2:(1+(2*15)+16)]
Insquarebracketsandseparatedbyacolonblindviasaredefined.
Herefromlayer1to2.
ThefollowingimageshowstherelatedsetupexpressionintheLayerstabof
theDesignRules.
175
Example1:LayerSetupfora4layerBoard
Blindviashavetokeepacertainratioofviadepthtodrilldiameter.Forthis
reasonitisnecessarytospecifyvaluesforthelayerthickness.
Thesevaluesaregivenbyyourboardhouse!Youaresupposedtocontactitin
eithercasebeforestartingthelayout!
Typeinthevaluesinthe Copper (thicknessofcopperlayer)and Isolation
(thicknessofisolationlayer)fieldsasshownintheimage.Thetotalthickness
oftheboardisshownbelowtheCopperandIsolationfields.
Example2:
Layers1,2,15,and16areused.
Boardstructure:Onecoreinside,outsideprepregs.
Connections:12,1516(blindvias),116(throughvias)
Setupexpression:
[2:(1+2*15+16):15]
Explanation:
2*15
Layers2and3formthecore.
1+2*15+16
Onbothsidesofthecorecopperlayersarepressedon
withprepregs.
(1+2*15+16)
Theouterparenthesisdefinethroughviasfrom116.
176
Example2:LayerSetupfora4layerBoard
6-Layer Board
Example3:
Layers1,2,3,14,15,and16areused.
Boardstructure:Twocores,prepregsoutside.
Connections:23,1415(buriedvias),116(throughvias)
Setupexpression:
(1+(2*3)+(14*15)+16)
Explanation:
(2*3)+(14*15)
Twocoreswithburiedviasarepressedtogether.
1+(2*3)+(14*15)+16
Thislayerstackiscoveredwithouterlayers1and16whichare
isolatedwithprepregs.
(1+(2*3)+(14*15)+16)
Thewholeexpressioninparenthesisdefinesthroughviasfrom116.
177
Example3:LayerSetupfora6layerBoard
Thevaluesforlayerthicknessforcopperandisolationusedintheseexamples
arefictive.Pleasecontactyourboardhousetogettheallowedvalues.
Example4:
Layers1,2,3,14,15,and16areused.
Boardstructure:Onecore,oneachsidetwoprepregs.
Connections:314(buriedvias),214(blindviasininnerlayerstack),
116(throughvias)
Setupexpression:
(1+[14:2+(3*14)+15]+16)
Explanation:
2+(3*14)+15
Thecorewithburiedvias.Oneprepregoneachside.
[14:2+(3*14)+15]
Blindviasfromlayer2to4.
1+[14:2+(3*14)+15]+16
Onthislayerstackaprepregoneachsideispressedon.
(1+[14:2+(3*14)+15]+16)
Parenthesisallowthroughviasfrom1to16.
178
Example4:BlindViasintheinnerlayerstack
8-Layer Board
Example5:
Layers1,2,3,4,13,14,15,and16areused.
Boardstructure:Threecores,prepregsoutside.
Connections:13,1416(blindvias),23,413,1415(buriedvias),
116(throughvias).
Setupexpression:
[3:(1+(2*3)+(4*13)+(14*15)+16):14]
Explanation:
(2*3)+(4*13)+(14*15)
Threecores,eachwithburiedvias,arepressedtogetherand
isolatedwithprepregs.
1+(2*3)+(4*13)+(14*15)+16
Outercopperlayers1and16whichareisolatedthroughprepregs
arepressedontothislayerstack.
(1+(2*3)+(4*13)+(14*15)+16)
Parenthesisallowthroughviasfrom116.
[3:(1+(2*3)+(4*13)+(14*15)+16):14]
Blindviasfrom13and1614.
179
Example5:LayerSetupforan8layerboard
180
181
DifferentialPairfollowsthemousecursor
The first mouse click with the active ROUTE command onto one of the
airwiresofthedifferentialpairdecidesaboutthestartingpointoftheparallel
routing. Usually the pads or SMDs the airwires start from don't have the
necessary distance for parallel routing, so EAGLE draws traces from the
startingpointstothecurrentmousecursorposition,accordingtothecurrent
wirebendstyle.Notethattheremaybecaseswherethesewiresoverlap,so
pleasemakesureyouchooseaproperpointfromwheretostarttheactual
parallelrouting.ItcanbewisetorunaDesignRuleCheckinthisarea.
Thedistancebetweenthetargetpads/SMDswillalsobeprobablymorethan
theDifferentialPairisroutedwith,soyoushouldstarttheroutingfromthis
sideaswellanddefinetheendingpointoftheparallelrouting,asyoudid
beforeatthestartingpoint.Ifyouroutetowardsthewireendpointsofa
Differential Pair in a different layer, and the wires are fully aligned, the
properviaswillbegeneratedautomatically.
Differential Pairs can only be routed manually. TheFollowme router
andtheAutoroutertreatthemlikeregularsignals.
ThespecialfunctionsShift+leftclickthatplacesaviaattheendpointand
Ctrl + left click for defining an arc radius don't work in Differential Pair
mode.Whenyoustartroutingatanypointofasignal(withCtrl+leftclick)
youwillroutetheselectedsignalonly,andnottheDifferentialPairthesignal
mightbepartof.
184
Meanders
Length Balance for a Differential Pair
In most cases the traces of a differential pair will have different lengths
althoughyoutriedtoroutetheminparallel.TheMEANDERcommandcanbe
usedtobalancethelengthsofsignalsformingadifferentialpair.Todothis,
activate the MEANDER command, click onto one of the differential pair
wires, and move the mouse cursor away from the selection point. The
distance from the initial selection point and the deflection of the mouse
determinesthewidthandtheheightofthemeander.Ifthereisadifference
inthelengthofthetwosignals,andthecurrentmousepositionisfarenough
awayfromtheselectionpoint,ameandershapedsequenceofwireswillbe
drawn.Themeanderincreasesthelengthoftheshortersignalsegment.
Anindicatorattachedtothemousecursorshowsthetargetlengthwhichis
thelengthofthelongersignalsegment,aswellasthedeviationinpercentof
bothsignalsfromthetargetlength.
Ifasinglemeanderisn'tenoughtobalancethelengths,youcanaddfurther
meandersatdifferentlocations.
LengthDisplay:Targetlength5.125inch,currentlybothsignals
reached93.3%
186
187
Assemblyvariantswindow
ActionToolbarwithcomboboxforassemblyvariant
After defining assembly variants, the action toolbar of the Schematic and
LayoutEditorcontainanadditionalselectioncombobox.Theimageabove
shows Variant2 selected. Two components won't be populated. They are
crossedoutintheschematic.
The commands ADD, CHANGE PACKAGE | TECHNOLOGY, REPLACE,
UPDATE and VALUE can only be used, if the default assembly variant is
active.That'stheentrywithoutnameinthecomboboxoftheactiontoolbar.
The EXPORT PARTLIST command creates data for the currently selected
assemblyvariant.Ifyouusebom.ulpforcreatingthebillofmaterials,youcan
choose the variant in the ULP's dialog. Unpopulated components will not
appearinthepartslist.
188
isclicked,thePRINTdialog
opens.
The currently selected printer is shown at the top of the window in the
Printerline.Thesmallbuttonontheright,attheendoftheline,canbeused
to select another printer or activate one of the printtofile options. If a
printerisselected,thebuttonwiththethreedots...leadsyoutotheprinter
properties.
189
ThePRINTwindow
IncaseyouselectedaprinttofileoptiontheOutputfilelineshowsthepath
totheoutputfile.Ifyouwanttochangeit,clickontothebutton.
BelowthesetwolinesyouwillfindsettingsaboutPaperformat,Orientation
and Alignment ofyourprint.The buttoninthe Paper lineallowsyouto
defineauserspecificformat,providedtheselectedprintersupportsthis.
Alignment definesthelocationoftheprintoutonthepaper.Changingthis
willdirectlyresultinamodifiedPreview,ifactive.
Inthe Area line,youdeterminewhattoprint: Window printsthedrawing
windowwhichiscurrentlyvisibleintheEditorwindow. Full ontheother
hand,printsthewholedrawing.Inthiscasealldrawingobjects(displayedor
not)arerelevantforthecalculationoftheresultingprintingarea.
PrintingOptions
MirrorinvertsthedrawingfromlefttorightabouttheYaxis,Rotateturnsit
90degreescounterclockwise,andUpsidedownturnsitthrough180degrees.
Ifbothareactivated,arotationof270degreesistheresult.
IftheBlackoptionischosen,ablackandwhiteprintoutismade.Otherwise
theprintwillbeeitherincolororgrayscale,dependingontheprinter.
Solidcauseseachobjecttobeentirelyfilled.Ifyouwanttoseethedifferent
fillingpatternsoftheindividuallayers,thendeactivatethisoption.
The Caption optionswitchestheappearanceofthetitle,printingdate,file
nameandthescaleoftheprintonoroff.
Inthe Scale sectionofthewindowthe Scalefactor specifiesthescaleofthe
drawing.Itmaybeintherangeof0.001and1000.
If Pagelimit issetto0,theprinterwillusewhatever numberofpagesis
190
192
Forward&BackAnnotationsevered!
IncaseyouseveredF&BAnnotationintentionally,youcanhidethiswarning
byclickingintothemessagearea.
EAGLEwillpromptasimilarwarningassoonasyoutrytoloadapairof
schematic/boardfilesoraprojectwhichisnotconsistent.
193
ConsistencylossbetweenSchematicandLayout
StarttheElectricalRuleCheck(ERC)immediately.Itcomparesbothfilesand
reportsdifferencesintheERCErrorswindow's ConsistencyErrors branch.If
you click onto one of these entries, EAGLE marks the affected object in
SchematicandBoard,ifpossible.
ProcesseachmessageandresolvethedifferenceintheSchematicorinthe
LayoutEditorwindow,accordingtorequirements.Finallyyoucanmarkthe
entryinthelistasdonewiththeProcessedbutton.
ForestablishingconsistencyagainitcanbehelpfultouseUNDO.
LaunchtheERCeverytimeachangehasbeenmadefordesignverification
andtogetanoverviewofprogress.Alldifferencesarecleared,ifERCreports
consistency. Now the Annotation will work again and the board and
schematicareagaininlockstepwitheachother.
Thedifferencesaremarkedinbotheditorwindows
194
Eachcomponentintheschematichastohaveacorresponding
packageinthelayoutandviceversa.Exceptionsaresupplysymbols,
elementswithoutcontacts,andcomponentswithanattributewith
thename_EXTERNAL_(forexampleforsimulationsymbols).
UseADD/DELETE/NAMEcommandsforplacing/deleting/
namingcomponents
Correspondingcomponentshavetohavethesamevalues.
UsetheVALUEcommandinordertoadjustthevalues.
Foreachconnectionofnetandpinintheschematictherehastobe
acorrespondingconnectionwiththesamenameofsignaland
referringpadinthelayout.
AddthemissingnetwiththeNETcommand,missingsignalsin
thelayoutwiththeSIGNALcommand,ifnecessaryuseNAME
toadjustsignal/netnamesorDELETEfordeletingconnections.
Netsintheschematicandsignalsinthelayouthavetobelongto
identicalnetclasses.
CHANGECLASSorusethepropertiesdialogofthenet/signal
inordertoadjustthenetclassesandtheirvaluesforwidth,
clearanceanddrill.
Assemblyvariantsinschematicandboardhavetobeidentical;
Theremustbethesamenumberofvariantsandidenticvariant
names.Additionallythepopulationoptionsofthecomponentshave
tobethesame.
UsetheVARIANTcommandforadjustingthis
Ifthereareattributesdefinedforcomponents,theattributename
andtheattributevaluehavetobethesameinschematicandboard.
Itisallowedtohaveadditionalattributesdefinedinthelayout
editorwhicharenotavailableintheschematic,butnotviceversa.
ChecktheATTRIBUTEcommand
Ifthereareattributesthataredefinedinthelibrary,itmightbe
helpfultousetheREPLACEcommandinordertoreplacesuch
componentsandupdatetheattributeinformation.
195
Thedefinitionofthepackageinschematicandboardhastobe
exactlythesame.Therearedifferentoptionsinordertoeliminate
suchdiscrepancies:
UsetheREPLACEcommandinthelayouteditorinorderto
exchangethepackagewithadefinitionthatmatchesthe
packageusedintheschematic.
Exchangeofawholedeviceintheschematiceditorwiththe
REPLACEcommandorreplacementofthecomponentswith
apackagedefinitionusedinthelayouteditor.
Pleasetakecareonattributes,aswell(seeabove).
Changethepackagevariant,ifany,withCHANGEPACKAGE
intheschematiceditor.
Ifthelibrariesthatcontainedthecomponentsoriginallyusedinyour
schematicandlayoutarenotavailable,itmightbehelpfultoexportthe
librarydefinitionsfromyourdrawingfiles(File/Exportmenu).Nowitis
possibletomodifythelibraries,ifnecessary,andusetheREPLACEcommand.
Consistency Indicator
Inthebottomrightcorneroftheeditorwindowyoucanseeanindicatorthat
gives,dependingonitscolor,informationaboutconsistency.
Gray
F&BAnnotationnotpossible
Onlyonefileloaded
Yellow F&BAnnotationnotavailable
SCHandBRDhavedifferentnames
Pink
F&BAnnotationnotactive
SCHandBRDarenotconsistent
Green
F&BAnnotationisactive
SCHandBRDareconsistent
Consistencyindicator
Theexclamationmarkrightoftheconsistencyindicatorremembersyouthat
thedrawingiscurrentlynotsaved.
196
Chapter 7
The Autorouter
7.1 Basic Features
Anyroutinggrid(min.0.02mm)
Anyplacementgrid
Fullyintegratedintobasicprogram
TopRouterwithgridlessroutingalgorithm,whichcanbeprecededby
theAutorouter
Optionalautomaticselectionofroutinggridandpreferreddirections
inthesignallayers
Support for multicore processors to process multiple routing jobs
simultaneously
SMDsareroutedonbothsides
Thewholedrawingareacanbetheroutingarea(providedenough
memoryisavailable)
Thestrategyisselectedviacontrolparameters
Simultaneous routing of various signal classes with various track
widthsandminimumclearances
Commondataset(DesignRules)fortheDesignRuleCheckandthe
Autorouter
Multilayercapability(upto16layerscanberoutedsimultaneously,
notonlyinpairs)
SupportofBlindandBuriedvias
Thepreferredtrackdirectioncanbesetindependentlyforeachlayer:
horizontal and vertical, true 45/135 degrees (important for inner
layers!)
Ripupandretryfor100%routingstrategy
Optimizationpassestoreduceviasandsmoothtrackpaths
Preroutedtracksarenotchanged
ServesabasisfortheFollowmerouter,aspecialoperatingmode
of the ROUTE command that allows automatic routing of selected
signals
197
7 The Autorouter
Bus Router
Normallythebusrouterstartsfirst.
Itdealswithsignalswhichcanberoutedinthepreferreddirectionwithonly
slightdeviationinxandydirectionallowed.Thebusroutertakesonlythose
signalsintoconsiderationthatbelongtonetclass0.
Thisstepmaybeomitted.
Buses,asunderstoodbytheAutorouter,areconnectionswhichcanbe
laidasstraightlinesinthexorydirectionwithonlyafewdeviations.
Ithasnothingincommonwithbusesinthemeaningofelectronics,for
example,addressbusesorthelike.
Routing Pass
Theactualroutingpassisthenstarted,usingparameterswhichmakea100%
routingaslikelyaspossible.Alargenumberofviasaredeliberatelyallowed
toavoidpathsbecomingblocked.
TopRouter
SelectaroutingvariantwithupstreamTopRouter,andthetraceswillbelaid
out with another routing algorithm, which tends to use less vias. Finally
routingandoptimizationfollowsinordertotrimallthetracestocomplywith
thedesignrules.
Optimization
Afterthemainroutingpass,anynumberofoptimizationpassescanbemade.
Theparametersarethensettoremovesuperfluousviasandtosmooththe
trackpaths.Intheoptimizationpassestracksareremovedandreroutedone
atatime.Thiscan,however,leadtoahigherdegreeofrouting,sinceitis
possiblefornewpathstobefreedbythechangedpathofthistrack.
The number of optimization passes must be specified before starting the
Autorouter.Itisnotpossibletooptimizeatalaterstage.Oncetheroutingjob
hasbeencompletedallthetracksareconsideredtohavebeenprerouted,and
maynolongerbechanged.
Anyofthestepsmentionedabovemaybeseparatelyactivatedordeactivated.
199
7 The Autorouter
Grid
TheDesignRulesdeterminetheroutingandplacementgrid.Theminimum
routinggridis0.02mm,whichisabout0.8mil.
Placement Grid
AlthoughtheAutorouterdoespermitanyplacementgrid,itisnotagoodidea
toplacethecomponentsonagridthatistoofine.Twogoodrulesare:
Theplacementgridshouldnotbefinerthantheroutinggrid.
Iftheplacementgridislargerthantheroutinggrid,itshouldbesetto
anintegralmultipleoftheroutinggrid.
These rules make sense if, for example, you consider that it might be
possible,withintheDesignRules,toroutetwotracksbetweentwopinsofa
component, but that an inappropriate relationship between the two grids
couldpreventthis(seediagram).
200
Trackpatternswithdifferentplacementgrids
Theexampleabovemayclarifythesituation:
Forthecomponentontheleft,thepadsareplacedontheroutinggrid.Two
trackscanberoutedbetweentwopads.Thepadsofthecomponentinthe
middle are not on the routing grid, and therefore only one track can be
routedbetweenthem.
OntherightyouseetheexceptionfromtheruleshownforSMDpads,which
areplacedbetweentheroutinggridlinessothatonetrackcanberouted
betweenthem.
Whenchoosingthegrid,pleasealsoensurethateachpadcoversatleastone
gridpoint.OtherwiseitcanhappenthattheAutorouterisunabletoroutea
signal, even though there is enough space to route it. In this case the
201
7 The Autorouter
Autorouter issues the message Unreachable SMD at x y as it starts. The
parametersxandyspecifythepositionoftheSMDpad.
Thedefaultvaluefortheroutinggridis50mil.Thisvalueissufficientfor
simplethroughholelayouts.WorkingwithSMDcomponentsdemandsafiner
routinggrid.
Usualvaluesare25,12.5,10,or5mil.
Please remember that finer routing grids require significantly more
routingmemory.
Withtheautomaticgridselectionoption,theautorouterdeterminesatits
ownheuristicssuitablegridsettingsforeachroutingjobs.
Memory Requirement
Theamountofroutingmemoryrequireddependsinthefirstplaceonthe
selectedroutinggrid,theareaoftheboardandthenumberofsignallayersin
whichtracksarerouted.
Thestaticmemoryrequirement(inbytes)foraboardcanbecalculatedas
follows:
number of grid points x number of signal layers x 2
Spaceisalsorequired fordynamicdata,in additiontothestaticmemory
requirement.Thedynamicdatarequireinaveryroughestimateabout10%
upto100% (insomecaseseven more!)ofthestaticvalue. Thisdepends
heavilyonthelayout.
Totalmemoryrequirement(roughapproximation):
static memory x (1.1..2,0) [bytes]
This much RAM should be free before starting the Autorouter. If this is
insufficient,theAutoroutermuststoredataontheharddisk.Thislengthens
the routing time enormously, and should be avoided at all costs. Short
accessestotheharddiskarenormal,sincethejobfileontheharddiskis
regularlyupdated.
Trytochoosethecoarsestpossibleroutinggrid.Thissavesmemoryspace
androutingtime!
Layer
Ifyouwanttodesignadoublesidedboard,thenselectTopandBottomas
routelayers.YoushouldonlyusetheBottomlayerforasinglesidedboard.
Inthecaseofinnerlayers,itishelpfultousethelayersfromtheoutsideto
theinside,i.e.first2and15andsoon.
Inthecaseofboardsthataresocomplexthatitisnotcertainwhetherthey
canbewiredontwosides,itishelpfultodefinethemasmultilayerboards,
andtosetveryhighcostsfortheinnerlayers.ThiswillcausetheAutorouter
202
Preferred Directions
Foreachroutingjobyoucanspecifyindividuallyforeachsignallayeritsown
preferred direction. With thenew Auto setting the Autorouter will choose
differentsettingsforpreferreddirectionsonitsown.
Ifyouwanttosetpreferreddirectionsmanually,thefollowingconsiderations
apply:Onthetwooutsidelayersthepreferreddirectionsarenormallysetto
90degreesfromeachother.Fortheinnerlayersitmaybeusefultochoose
45 and 135 degrees to cover diagonal connections. Before setting the
preferred direction it is well worth examining the board (based on the
airwires)toseeifonedirectionoffersadvantagesforacertainsideofthe
board.ThisisparticularlylikelytobethecaseforSMDboards.
Pleasealsofollowthepreferreddirectionwhenpreplacingtracks.The
defaults are vertical for the Top (red) and horizontal for the Bottom
(blue)layer.
ExperiencehasshownthatsmallboardscontainingmainlySMDcomponents
arebestroutedwithoutanypreferreddirectionatall(set*intheAutorouter
setup).Therouterthenreachesausableresultmuchfaster.
Singlesidedboardsshouldberoutedwithoutapreferreddirection.
203
7 The Autorouter
Anarea drawn in layer20canalsobeused asarestricted regionforall
signals.Itshould,however,benotedthatthisareashouldbedeletedbefore
sendingtheboardformanufacture,sincelayer20isusuallyoutputduring
thegenerationofmanufacturingdata.
Cutoutpolygonswhichareused,forexample,ininnerlayersinordertokeep
certain areasofsignalpolygonsfree ofcopper,are notrecognized bythe
Autorouter.ItmayhappenthattheAutorouterdrawswiresinsuchanarea.
204
Autoroutermainsetup:Generalsettings
Settingthepreferreddirections:
- horizontal
|
vertical
diagonal at 45
diagonal at 135
none
205
7 The Autorouter
Variant with TopRouter activates the new TopRouter that calculates the
layoutwithanotherroutingalgorithm.Typically,thecomputationaleffortis
larger,butusuallyprovidessmootherresultswithfewervias.
The maximum number of running threads can be limited. The EAGLE
AutoroutersupportsthecalculationofmultipleAutorouterjobsatatimeby
usingmulticoreprocessors.Theindicatedvaluedependsonthenumberof
availableprocessorcores.Itmaybeusefultoreducethenumberofthreadsin
ordernottooccupyallprocessorcoreswiththeEAGLEAutorouter.
YoumayusetheLoad...andSaveas....buttonstoloadadifferentparameter
setfromanAutoroutercontrolfile(*.ctl)ortosavethecurrentsettingsfor
furtherprojects.
Selectthisbyclickingthecorrespondingsignallines.
Clicking onto the Select button allows certain signals to be selected for
autorouting. Select these with a mouse click onto the respective airwires.
Thenclickonthetrafficlighticonintheactiontoolbarinordertoopenthe
secondpartoftheAutoroutersetup;theroutingvariantsdialog.Thereyou
cancheck theconfiguration oftherouting jobs and change somesettings
beforetheactualroutingprocessbegins.
Itis,alternatively,possibletoenterthesignalnamesonthecommandline.
Examples:
VCC GND ;
ThesignalsVCCandGNDwillberouted.
ThesemicolonattheendofthelinestartstheAutorouterimmediately.Itis
alternativelypossibletoclickonthetrafficlighticon.
Ifyoutypeinthecommandline
! VCC GND ;
allsignalsexceptVCCandGNDwillberouted.
Youmayusewildcardsforthesignalselection,aswell.Allowedis
*
whichmatchesanynumberofanycharacters.
?
whichmatchesexactlyonecharacter.
[]
whichmatchesanyofthecharactersbetweenthebrackets,
forexample[af],forallcharactersfromatof.
206
Autorouter:ListofRoutingVariants
DependingonthesettingsEAGLEshowsanumberofroutingoptionsforthe
board.ClicktheStartbuttonandtheAutorouterstartsprocessingtherouting
variants.
If you would like to check and maybe adjust the individual routing
parametersbefore,clickthe>>button.
AutorouterVariants:ListandParametersettings
In the advanced options dialog you can review and modify the routing
parameters.ClickDuplicateorDelete,inordertocopyordeletetheselected
variant.
The parameters grouped in the sections Layer costs, Cost factors and
Maximumcanbesetindividuallyforeachpass(Busses,Route,Optimize14).
Formoreinformation,seethefollowingsection.
Youcaninsertadditionaloptimizationpassesbyclickingthe Add buttonin
thelastoptimizationrun.
TheAutorouterstartsforall thesignalsthathavenotyetbeenlaidoutby
clickingontheOKbutton.
TheCancelmenubuttoninterruptstheAUTOcommandwithoutstoringany
changes.
207
7 The Autorouter
Youarenotallowedtomakeanychangestotheparameters,ifyouwantto
restartaninterruptedroutingjob.UsetheContinueexistingjobcheckboxto
decidewhetheryouwanttocontinuewithanexistingjob,orwhetheryou
wanttochoosenewsettingsfortheremainingunroutedsignals.
AutorouterMainSetup:Restartinganinterruptedjob
TheAutorouter'sworkcanbeundonebytheUNDOcommand.
208
Autorouter:ParameterforRoute
Thefollowingsectionshowstheavailableparametersandtheireffects.The
names of the parameters are the same as they would be used in an
Autoroutercontrolfile*.ctl.DetailsaboutthiscanbefoundinParametersof
aControlFilebeginningwithpage216.
Layer Costs
cfBase.xx: 0..20
Basecostsforonesteponthecorrespondinglayer.Recommendation:outside
layers(Top,Bottom)always0,insidelayersgreaterthan0.
Costs
cfVia: 0..99
Controlstheuseofvias.Alowvalueproducesmanyviasbutalsoallowsthe
preferreddirectiontobefollowed.Ahighvaluetriestoavoidviasandthus
violatesthepreferreddirection.Recommendation:lowvaluefortherouting
pass,highvaluefortheoptimization.
cfNonPref: 0..10
Controlsfollowingofthepreferreddirection.Alowvalueallowstrackstobe
routedagainstthepreferreddirection,whileahighvalueforcestheminto
thepreferreddirection.
If cfNonPref issetto99,tracksectionscanonlybeplacedinthepreferred
direction.Onlyselectthisvalueifyouarecertainthatthisbehaviourisreally
wanted.
cfChangeDir: 0..25
Controlshowoftenthedirectionischanged.Alowvaluemeansmanybends
areallowedwithinatrack.Ahighvalueproducesvirtuallystraighttracks.
209
7 The Autorouter
cfOrthStep, cfDiagStep
Implementstherulethatthehypotenuseofarightangledtriangleisshorter
thanthesumoftheothertwosides.Thedefaultvaluesare2and3.That
meansthatthecosts fortheroute using thetwo other sides are2+2,as
against3forthehypotenuse.Theseparametersshouldbealteredwithgreat
care!
cfExtdStep: 0..30
Controlstheavoidanceoftracksectionswhichrunatanangleof45degrees
to the preferred direction, and which would divide the board into two
sections.Alowvaluemeansthatsuchsectionsareallowedwhileahighvalue
triestoavoidthem.Incombinationwiththeparameter mnExtdStepyoucan
controlthelengthofthesetracks.If mnExtdStep =0,eachgridstepat45
degreestothepreferreddirectioncausescoststhataredefinedinparameter
cfExtdStep.ChoosingforexamplemnExtdStep =5allowsatracktorunfive
stepsat45degreeswithoutanyadditionalcosts.Eachfurther stepcauses
costsdefinedincfExtdStep.
Inthisway,90degreebendscanbegiven45degreecorners.Settingslike
cfExtdStep =99 and mnExtdStep =0shouldavoid trackswith 45degree
angles.
Thisparameterisonlyrelevanttolayerswhichhaveapreferreddirection.
Recommendation:usealowervaluefortheroutingpass,andahighervalue
fortheoptimization.
cfBusImpact: 0..10
Controls whether the ideal line is followed for bus connections (see also
cfPadImpact).Ahighvalueensuresthatthedirectlinebetweenstartandend
pointisfollowed.Onlyimportantforbusrouting.
210
cfAvoid 0..10
Duringtheripup,areasareavoidedfromwhichtrackswereremoved.Ahigh
valuemeansstrongavoidance.
Notrelevanttotheoptimizationpasses.
cfPolygon 0..30
IfapolygonhasbeenprocessedwiththeRATSNESTcommandandtherefore
isdisplayedasafilledareabeforeyoustarttheAutorouter,everystepwithin
thepolygonisassociatedwiththisvalue.Alowvaluemakesiteasierforthe
Autoroutertoroutetracesinsidethepolygonarea.Theprobability,however,
thatthepolygonisbrokenintoseveralpiecesishigher.Ahighervaluecauses
theAutoroutertomakefewerconnectionsinsidethepolygon.
IfapolygonisinoutlinemodeandnotprocessedbyRATSNESTbeforeyou
start theAutorouter, itwon't be taken into consideration at all. cfPolygon
doesnotplayaroleforsuchpolygons.
Maximum
mnVia 0..30
Controls the maximum number of vias that can be used in creating a
connectingtrack.
mnSegments 0..9999
Determinesthemaximumnumberofwirepiecesinoneconnectingtrack.
mnExtdSteps 0..9999
Specifiesthenumberofstepsthatareallowedat45degreestothepreferred
directionwithoutincurringthevalueofcfExtdStep.
SeealsocfExtdStep.
Additionallycanbefoundtheparameters mnRipupLevel, mnRipupSteps, and
mnRipupTotal.Thosearedescribedinthefollowingsection.
7 The Autorouter
Asarule,highparametervaluesallowformanyripupsbutresultinincreased
computingtimes.
Tounderstandthemeaningoftheparametersyouneedtoknowhowthe
routerworks.
Tobeginwiththetracksareroutedoneaftertheotheruntilnootherpath
canbefound.Assoonasthissituationoccurs,therouterremovesuptothe
maximumnumberofalreadyroutedtracks(thisnumberhasbeendefined
with mnRipupLevel)toroutethenewtrack.Ifthereareeighttracksinthe
way,forexample,itcanonlyroutethenewtrackifmnRipupLevelisatleast
eight.
Afterroutingthenewtrack,theroutertriestorerouteallthetrackswhich
wereremoved.Itmayhappenthatanewripupsequencemustbestartedto
rerouteoneofthesetracks.Therouter isthentworipupsequences away
fromthepositionatwhich,becauseofatrackwhichcouldnotberouted,it
started the whole process. Each of the removed tracks which cannot be
rerouted starts a new ripup sequence. The maximum number of such
sequencesisdefinedwiththemnRipupStepsparameter.
The parameter mnRipupTotal defines how many tracks can be removed
simultaneously.Thisvaluemaybeexceededincertaincases.
Ifoneofthesevaluesisexceeded,therouterinterruptstheripupprocessand
reestablishesthestatuswhichwasvalidatthefirsttrackwhichcouldnotbe
routed.Thistrackisconsideredasunroutable,andtheroutercontinueswith
thenexttrack.
212
213
7 The Autorouter
Autorouter:StatusBar
Autorouter:Routingprogressinthevariants
Thedisplayedvalueshavethefollowingmeaning:
Route:
Resultin%(hithertomaximum,bestdata)
Vias:
Numberofviasinthelayout
Conn:
NumberofConnectionstotal/found/not routable
Connectionsheremeans2pointconnections.
Ripup:
NumberofRipups/current RipupLevel/cur. RipupTotal
Numberofripups:
Thisindicatesthenumberofconnectionsthathavealreadybeenrouted
duringtheforegoingroutingprocedurethathavebeen(canbe)removedin
ordertobeabletoroutenewsignals.
CurrentRipupLevel:
This indicates the number of connections that have been removed or
convertedinairwiresinordertolaythetrackforthecurrentsignal.
CurrentRipupTotal:
Afterasignal'srouteshavebeenrippedupitcanbebrokendownintoa
largenumberoftwopointconnections.Theseconnectionsarethenrouted
214
Log file
For each routing pass the Autorouter generates a file called name.pro,
containingusefulinformation.Example:
EAGLE AutoRouter Statistics:
Job : d:/eagle4/test-design/democpu.brd
Start at : 15.43.18 (24.07.2000)
End at : 16.17.08 (24.07.2000)
Elapsed time : 00.33.48
Signals : 84 RoutingGrid: 10 mil Layers: 4
Connections : 238 predefined: 0 ( 0 Vias )
Router memory : 1121760
Passname:
Busses Route Optimize1 Optimize2 Optimize3 Optimize4
Time per pass: 00.00.21 00.08.44 00.06.32 00.06.15 00.06.01 00.05.55
Number of Ripups: 0
32
0
0
0
0
max. Level:
0
1
0
0
0
0
max. Total:
0
31
0
0
0
0
Routed:
16 238
238
238
238
238
Vias:
0 338
178
140
134
128
Resolution:
6.7 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 %
Final: 100.0 % finished
215
7 The Autorouter
Autorouter:Evaluatingtheroutingresults
cfVia
cfNonPref
cfChangeDir
cfOrthStep
cfDiagStep
cfExtdStep
cfBonusStep
cfMalusStep
cfPadImpact
cfSmdImpact
cfBusImpact
cfHugging
cfAvoid
cfPolygon
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Default Meaning
50Mil
Grid used by the Autorouter for tracks
and via-holes
Cost factors for...
8
Vias
5
Not using preferred direction
2
Changing direction
2
0 or 90 deg. Step
3
45 or 135 deg. Step
30
Deviation 45 deg. against preferred direction
1
Step in bonus area
1
Step in handicap area
4
Pad influence on surrounding area
4
SMD influence on surrounding area
4
Leaving ideal bus direction
3
Wire hugging
4
Previously used areas during ripup
10
Avoiding polygons
cfBase.1
cfBase.2
...
cfBase.15
cfBase.16
=
=
0
1
=
=
1
0
mnVias
mnSegments
mnExtdSteps
=
20
= 9999
= 9999
216
=
=
=
100
300
200
tpViaShape
= Round
PrefDir.1
PrefDir.2
=
=
|
0
PrefDir.15
PrefDir.16
=
=
0
-
General
Thelayercosts(cfLayer)shouldincreasefromtheoutertotheinnerlayersor
bethesameforalllayers.Itisunfavourabletouselowervaluesintheinner
layers than in the outer layers. This could increase the needed routing
memoryenormously.
TheAutoroutercan'tlayoutwiresasarcs!
TheAutoroutercan'tsetmicrovias!
Single-Sided Boards
Therearetwoprocedures,dependingonthekindoflayout:
Inthesimplestcase,onlylayer16,Bottom,isactive.Nopreferreddirectionis
defined.SelectasuitablegridandruntheAutorouter.
Ifthelayoutisrathermorecomplex,itmaybepossibletoachieveausable
resultwithspecialparametersettings.Pleasetakealookattheprojectnamed
singlesided,whichcanbefoundintheeagle/projects/examplesdirectory.This
exampleprojectcomeswithvariouscontrolfiles(*.ctl),whichareoptimized
forsinglesidedrouting.
TheAutoroutermayusetheToplayeraswell.Thetrackslaidtherewillbe
realizedaswirebridgesontheboard.Inlayer41, tRestrict,youcandefine
restrictedareasaroundthecomponentsandinregionswherewirebridges
arenotallowed.
Feelfreetoexperimentwiththeparametersettingsforyourlayout.
217
7 The Autorouter
ParametertoolbaroftheROUTEcommand
After clicking onto an airwire, EAGLE calculates an appropriate trace and
displaystheconnection.Moveingthemousecursorwillchangethecurrent
trace.Traceprocessingdependsonthecomplexityofthelayoutandmaylast
somemoments.Itisrecommendednottomovethemousecursoruntilthe
connectionisdisplayed.
If you select wire bend mode 8
, the socalled partial mode, EAGLE
calculatesthetraceoftheselectedsignal,beginningwiththemousecursor
positiontothenearerendoftheairwire,anddisplayit.Fixtheresultwitha
mouseclick.Theremainingpartoftheairwirewillbecalculateddynamically.
Thismeans,thattheairwiremaypointtoanotherobjectthatbelongstothe
signal,dependingonthecurrentmousecursorposition.
Withwirebendmode9
,thefullmode,theFollowmeroutercalculates
thetraceinbothdirectionssimultaneously.Acompleteconnectionwillbe
estblished. As soon as you are clicking onto an airwire, EAGLE begins to
calculatethetraceoftheconnectionfromthenearerendoftheairwiretothe
currentmouseposition.Itisnotmandatorythatthefarerendoftheairwire
pointsalwaystoitsoriginalposition.Dependingonthemousecursorposition
thisendpointmaydirectyoutoanother(nearer)location.
If it is not possible to draw a connection from the current mouse cursor
position,thecursorturnsintoasmallprohibitionsign.Movethemouseand
trytofindapossiblewayfortheconnection.Maybeitissufficienttochange
thelayeratthecurrent position.Itcouldalsobeadviceabletoadjustthe
Design Rules. Please keep in mind that restricted areas in the layers
t/bRestrict orwiresinthe Dimension layercanhinderEAGLEtoestablisha
connection.
Configuration
TheFollowmerouterrespectsDesignRulessettings:
ValuesforClearance,Distance,andSizewillbetakeninconsideration,aswell
asparticularvaluesfornetclasses,ifdefined.Pleasebesurethatthe Layer
setupintheLayerstabisproperlyset.
ThecurrentgridsettingintheLayouteditorservesasroutinggrid.Usethe
GRIDcommandinordertochangeit.Ifthereisalreadyasignalassignedto
mousecursor,dropit,andselectitagain.Otherwisethegridchangedoesnot
affecttheconnection.
219
7 The Autorouter
The layer setting, which can be checked and changed in the parameter
toolbaroftheROUTEcommand,displaysthelayerwhichhastobeusedat
themousecursorposition.
TheFollowmerouterreactsimmediatelyonchangesconcerningwirewidth
ordrilldiameterofvias.Iftheoption Autosetroutewidthanddrill inthe
Options/Set/Misc menuisset,theFollowmerouteradaptsthegivenvalues
forwirewidthandviadrilldiameterfromtheDesignRulesandfromthenet
classesassoonasanairwireisselected.
Routing Parameters
ParametersthataffecttheroutingstrategyaresetbyclickingontotheAUTO
icon
,whichisavailableintheparametertoolbarafterenteringoneofthe
followme modes. Click this icon in order to open the known Autorouter
Setupwindow.
Alternativelyyoucanopenthissetupwindowfromthecommandline.Type:
AUTO FOLLOWME
IntheGeneraltabyoudecideaboutpreferreddirectionsinthesignallayers
(|vertical,horizontal,/diagonal45,\diagonal135,or*nopreferred
direction).InmanycasesitmakessensefortheFollowmeroutertochoose
nopreferreddirectioninthesignallayers.
Settingsthatinfluencethewayhowtraceswillberoutedinthelayoutare
definedintheFollowmetab.
Followmerouter:Settingroutingparameters
Theeffectsoftheseparametersareexplainedinsection7.6,beginningwith
page208.
IntheMaximumsection,youcandefinethenumberofViastheroutermay
useforoneconnection.Ifthisvalueissetto0,theFollowmerouterisnot
allowedtosetviasautomatically.However,youareabletomanuallysetavia
bychangingthelayer.
220
Notes
TheFollowmeroutersupportsroundandoctagonviashapesonly.Square
shapedviasarenotpossible.
If you are working in Full mode, the Followme router works in both
directions independently, beginning with the mouse cursor position. So it
could happen that the router places two vias very close to or even
overlappingeachothernearthecurrentpositionofthemousecursor.Inthis
casemovethemousecursorslightly,untiltheviasareoptimizedandthe
tracelooksgood.
It'srecommendedtodrawaDimensionlineinlayer20inordertolimitthe
boardareaandthereforerequiredtimeandmemory.
Dependingonthecomplexityofyourdesign,itmaybewisetoincreasethe
costfactorfor Vias anddecreaseitfor NonPref.Thisavoidsfrequentlayer
changes.
221
7 The Autorouter
This
page
hasbeen
leftfree
intentionally.
222
Chapter 8
Component Design Explained
through Examples
WhendevelopingcircuitswithEAGLE,componentsarefetchedfromlibraries
andplacedintotheschematicor,iftheSchematicEditorisnotbeingused,
intothelayout.Allthecomponentinformationisthensavedintheschematic
orboardfile.Thelibrariesarenolongerneededforcontinuedworkwiththe
data.Sowhenyouwanttopassyourschematictoathirdpartytohavea
layout made from it, you do not also have to supply the libraries. An
alterationinalibraryhasnoeffectonaschematicorboard.
The most important procedures for designing components (Devices) and
working with libraries are explained from page 79 on. Please read this
paragraphbeforeyoucontinuetoreadthecurrentchapter!
Somepracticalexamplesfollow,fromwhichtheeffectiveapplicationofthe
relevant commands and parameters will be seen. First we will take the
exampleofaresistorandgothroughthewholeprocessofdesigningasimple
component.
Thesecondexampleprovidesafulldescriptionofthedefinitionofacomplex
component,includingvariousPackagevariantsandtechnologies.Afterthat
weshalldiscussthespecialfeatureswhichhavetobetakenintoaccountwith
morecomplicatedcomponents.
Startingatpage279hintsconcerninglibraryandDevicemanagementcanbe
found.Howtocreatemyownlibrary?Howtocopyelementsfromonelibrary
intoanother?
FirstattemptsateditingPackages,Symbols,orDevicesmayresultintheneed
todeletevariouslibrary elements. Todothis,usetheREMOVEcommand
(seepage282).
Resistor Package
Define a New Package
SelectthePackageeditingmodeviatheiconintheactiontoolbar,and
enterthePackagename R10 inthe New field.Answerthequestion Create
newpackage'R10'?withYes.LaterwhencreatinganewSymbolandanew
DeviceyouwillagainhavetoanswerthecorrespondingquestionswithYes.
Solder Pads
Foraresistorwithleadwires,selectthePADcommand,andsetthepad
shapeandthedrilldiameterintheparametertoolbar.Thedefaultvaluefor
the pad diameter is auto (respectively 0).Thisvalue should bekept. The
actualdiameterisspecifiedbytheDesignRulesforthelayout.Thenplace
twopadsatthedesireddistance.Theoriginofthedrawingwilllaterbethe
identifying point with which a component is selected. For this reason it
shouldbesomewherenearthecenteroftheDevice.
Youshouldnotdrawanyobjectsinlayer17,Pads,or18,Vias!Theywill
notberecognized, nor bytheDRC,neither bypolygons drawninthe
layout,andcanleadtoshortcircuits!
For a SMD resistor, select the SMD command, and set the pad
dimensionsintheparametertoolbar.Youcaneitherselectoneoftheoffered
values,ordirectlytypethelengthandbreadthintotheentryfield.
SMDcommand:Parametertoolbar
AllpropertiescanbealteredafterplacementusingtheCHANGEcommandor
bytypingthecommanddirectlyonthecommandline.
Select Top asthelayer,evenifthe componentwilllaterbeplacedonthe
undersideoftheboard.SMDcomponentsarelocatedontheothersideofa
board using the MIRRORcommand. This moves the objectsin all the t..
layersintothecorrespondingb..layers.
224
Pad Name
Youcannowenterthenames,suchas 1 and 2,forthepadsorSMDs
usingtheNAMEcommand.
NowusethecommandsWIRE,ARC,CIRCLE,RECT,
andPOLYGONtodrawthesilkscreenSymbolinlayer21, tPlace.Thislayer
containswhatwillbeprintedontheboard.Itisuptoyouhowmuchdetail
yougivetotheSymbol.Setafinergridsizeifithelps.
Taketheinformationprovidedin library.txtasaguidelineforthedesignof
components. The line thickness for the silk screen is usually 0.008 inch
(0.2032mm),forsmallercomponents0.004inch(0.1016mm).
Layer51,tDocu,isnotusedtoprintontotheboarditself,butisasupplement
tothegraphicalpresentationwhichmightbeusedforprinteddocumentation.
Caremustbetakeninlayer21,tPlace,nottocoveranyareasthataretobe
soldered.Amorerealisticappearancecanbegiven,however,inthe tDocu
layer,whichisnotsubjecttothislimitation.Intheexampleoftheresistor,
theSymbolcanbedrawninlayer21,tPlace,butthewires,whichgooverthe
pads,aredrawninlayer51,tDocu.
225
ThePackageEditor
Labeling
With the TEXT command you place the texts >NAME (in layer 25,
tNames) and >VALUE (in layer 27, tValues) in those places where in the
boardtheactualnameandtheactualvaluearetoappear.0.07inchforthe
textheight(size)and10%fortheratio(relationshipofstrokewidthtotext
height, which can only be set, using CHANGE, for vector fonts) are
recommended.
Werecommendtowritethesetextsinvectorfont.Soyoucanbesurethat
itlooksexactlythesameontheprintedcircuitboardandintheLayout
Editor.
SMASH and MOVE can be used later to change the position of this text
relativetothepackagesymbolontheboard.
InthecaseofICs,forinstance,thevaluecorrespondstowhatwilllaterbethe
Devicename(e.g.74LS00).
WhenworkingwiththeLayoutEditoronly,thevalueisspecifiedinthe
board.
226
Description
Finally,youclickonthe Description box.Textcanthenbeentered inthe
lowerpartofthewindowwhichthenopens.HTMLtextcanbeused,which
permitsformattingofthetext.Youwillfinddetailedinformationinthehelp
systemunderHTMLText.
Example:
<b>R-10</b>
<p>
Resistor 10 mm grid.
Keywords from this text can be searched for from the ADD dialog in the
layout.
Donotforgettosavethelibraryfromtimetotime!
Note
The CHANGE command
propertiessuchasthestrokethickness,textheight,padshape,orthelayerin
whichtheobjectislocated.
Ifyouwanttochangethepropertiesofseveralobjectsatonego,definea
groupwiththeGROUPcommand
,clicktheCHANGEcommand,select
theparameterandthevalue,andclickonthedrawingsurfacewiththeright
mousebuttonwhiletheCtrlkeyispressed.
Example:
UseGROUPtodefineagroupthatcontainsbothpads,thenselectCHANGE
andShape/Square.PresstheCtrlkey,andclickonthedrawingsurfacewith
therightmousebutton.Theshapeofbothpadschanges.
Resistor Symbol
Define a New Symbol
Selectthe Symboleditingmode,andentertheSymbolname R inthe
Newfield.Thisnameonlyhasameaninginternaltotheprogram,anddoes
notappearintheschematic.
227
Pincommand:Parametertoolbar(splitintotwolines)
Orientation
Setthedirectionofthepins(Orientationparameter)usingthefourlefthand
iconsintheparametertoolbaror,moreconveniently,byrotatingwiththe
rightmousebutton.
Function
The function parameter is set with the next four icons on the parameter
toolbar.ThisspecifieswhethertheSymbolistobeshownwithaninversion
circle(Dot),withaclocksymbol(Clk),withboth(DotClk)orsimplyasa
stroke (None). The diagram illustrates the four representations on one
Package.
Pinfunctions
228
Pinlabeling
Ifyouplanforyourdevicetoconnectonepinwithseveralpadsandyou
choosetheVisibleoptionBoth,thentherewillbeonlyoneofthepadnames
visibleintheschematic(thepadwiththelowestnumber).Thepadnamewill
befollowedbyanasterisk(*)inordertomarkthemultipadconnection.
Direction
TheDirectionparameterspecifiesthelogicaldirectionofthesignalflow:
NC
In
Out
IO
OC
Hiz
Pas
Pwr
Sup
Notconnected
Input
Output
Input/output
OpenCollectororOpenDrain
Highimpedanceoutput
Passive(resistors,etc.)
Powerpin(powersupplyinput)
Powersupplyoutputforgroundandsupplysymbols
TheElectricalRuleCheckexecutes,dependingonthepindirection,various
checks.Itexpectsforthedirection
229
anotconnectedpin
anetconnectedtothispinandnotonlyInpins
connectedtothisnet
notonlyOutpinsconnectedtothenet,noSuporOC
pinatthesamenet
noOutpinatthesamenet
aSuppinsetforthisnet
nospecialchecks
ThePwrandSupdirectionsareusedfortheautomaticconnectionofsupply
voltages(seepage260).
Swaplevel
Swaplevelsetto0meansthatthepincannotbeexchangedforanotherpinin
thesameGate.Anynumberbiggerthan0meansthatpinscanbeexchanged
forotherpinswhichhavethesameSwaplevelandaredefinedwithinthe
sameSymbol.Thepinscanbeswappedintheschematicorintheboardwith
thePINSWAPcommand.
ThetwopinsofaresistorcanhavethesameSwaplevel(e.g.1),sincethey
areinterchangeable.
Ifthelayer93, Pins,isbeingdisplayed,the connectionpointsonnetsare
shownwithgreencircles.TheDirectionand Swaplevelparametersmoreover
(herePasand1)aredisplayedinthislayer.
Theconnectionsofadiode,forinstance,cannotbeexchanged,andare
thereforegivenSwaplevel0.
Pin Names
TheNAMEcommandallowsyoutonamepinsaftertheyhavebeenplaced.
Theautomaticnameallocation,asdescribedonpage99alsooperates.
Schematic Symbol
TheschematicSymbolisdrawnintheSymbolslayerusingWIREandthe
otherdrawingcommands.Placethetexts>NAMEand>VALUEinlayers95,
Names,and96, Values (TEXTcommand).Placethemwherethenameand
valueofthecomponentaretoappearintheschematic.
Preciseplacementofthetextcanbeachievedbysettingthegridfiner,which
canevenbedonewhiletheTEXTcommandisactive.Afterwards,however,
settheagaingridto0.1inches.
Layer97,Info,maybeusedforadditionalinformationandhints.
Description
Clickontothe Description linkinordertoprovideadescriptivetextforthe
symbol.Youareallowedto useHTMLtagsforformattedtext.Moreinfo
aboutthiscanbefoundinthehelpfunction,HTMLtext.
230
TheSymbolEditor
Resistor Device
Define a New Device
CreatethenewDeviceR10withthisicon.WhenyoulaterusetheADD
commandtofetchthecomponentintotheschematic,youwillselectitby
usingthisname.Itisonlyacoincidencethatinthiscasethenameofthe
PackageandthenameoftheDevicearethesame.
So enter the name R onthe New line. The Device Editor opens after the
confirmingquestionCreatenewdevice'R'?.
ThePackageselection
TheCONNECTwindow
ConnectioncolumnandclickDisconnect.
Clickingonacolumn'sheaderbarchangesthesortingsequence.
FinishtheCONNECTcommandbyclickingonOK.
Define Prefix
ThePREFIXcommandisusedtospecifyaprefixforaname.Thenameitself
willinitiallybeautomaticallyallocatedintheschematic.Foraresistorthis
would,naturallyenough,beR.TheresistorswillthenbeidentifiedasR1,R2,
R3etc..
ThenamescanbealteredatanytimewiththeNAMEcommand
Value
On:
Youareallowedtochangethevalueintheschematic(forexample
forresistors).Withoutavaluethepartwillnotbespecifiedexactly.
Off:
ThevaluewillbegeneratedfromtheDevicenameandincludes
technologyandPackagevariant(e.g.74LS00N),ifavailable.
Alsorecommendedforsupplysymbols.
233
TheDeviceEditor:Fullydefinedresistor
Description
ClickonDescriptioninthedescriptionbox.Youcanenteradescriptionofthe
componenthere.ThesearchfacilityoftheADDcommandintheschematic
diagramwillsearchthroughthistext.
YoucanuseHTMLText,asinthePackagedescription.Youwillfindnotes
aboutthisinthehelpsystemunderthekeywordHTMLText.
Itcanlooklikethis:
<b>R-10</b>
<p>
Resistor 10mm package
Hyperlinkscontainedinthedescriptionoflibraryobjectsareopenedwith
theappropriateapplicationprogram.
Save
This completes definition of the resistor, and it can be fetched into the
schematicdiagram.Ifyouhavenotalreadysavedthelibrary,pleasedoitat
thisstage!
234
Library Description
NotonlyPackagesandDevicescanhave descriptions,buttheLibraryasa
wholecanhaveoneaswell.ThisdescriptionisshownintheControlPanelas
soonasyouexpandtheLibrariesbranchoftheTreeviewandselectalibrary
entrythere.
Nomatterwhicheditormode(Symbol,Package,Device)iscurrentlyactive,
clicktheLibrary/Descriptionmenutoeditthedescription.YoucanuseHTML
text,ifyoulike.
Use Library
The newly created library has to be made available for the schematic or
layoutwiththehelpoftheUSEcommand.Thiscommandhastobeusedin
theSchematicorLayoutEditor.ItisalsopossibletomarkalibraryasinUse
intheControlPanel'streeview.Seehelpfordetails.
Now the library will be recognized by the ADD command and its search
function.
235
Datasheetforthe541032
All the data for this component has been extracted from a data book
published by Texas Instruments, whom we thank for permission to
reproduceit.
236
DIL14datasheet
Clickontothe Editapackage iconintheactiontoolbar,andenterthe
nameofthePackageintheNewboxoftheEditmenu,whichisDIL14inour
presentexample.ClickOK,andconfirmthequestionCreatenewpackage'DIL
14'?byansweringYes.
ThePackageEditorwindownowopens.
237
Place Pads
UsethePADcommand,andplacethesolderpadsinaccordancewiththe
specificationsonthedatasheet.Thepadsshouldbearrangedinsuchaway
that the coordinate origin is located somewhere near the center of the
Package.
Eachpadcanhaveindividualpropertiessuchas Shape, Diameter,and Drill
holediameter.Availableshapesare:Square,Round,Octagon,Long,andOffset
(Longwithoffsetdrill).
Selectthedesiredpadshapeandspecifytheholediameter.
The pad diameter usually is defined with the standard value auto
(respectively0),sincethesizeisfinallydeterminedinthelayoutbymeansof
theDesignRules,Restringtab.Thepadappearsinthelibrarywiththedefault
valueof55mil.
Youmay,however,assignanindividualvalue.If,forinstance,youspecify70
mil,theconsequenceisthatthediameterofthepadontheboardcannotbe
lessthan70mil(independentofthecalculatedvalueoftheDesignRules).
You select this value when the PAD command is active (i.e. the pad is
attachedtothemousecursor)usingtheparametertoolbar.Itisalsopossible
tospecifythedrillholediameterandthepadshape.
TheparametertoolbarwhenthePADcommandisactive
Thepropertiesofpadsthathavealreadybeenplacedcanbealteredatalater
stagebymeansoftheCHANGEcommand.ClickontotheCHANGEiconand
selectthepropertyandtheappropriatevalue.Thenclickontothepadswhose
propertiesaretobealtered.CHANGEcanalsobeappliedtogroups(using
theGROUPcommand).Afterthepropertyhasbeenselected,clickinsidethe
groupwiththerightmousebutton.
Assoonasapadhasbeenplaced,EAGLEautomaticallygeneratessolderstop
symbols in layers 29 and 30, t/bStop. The dimensions of the solder stop
symbolsisspecifiedintheDesignRules,Masktab,Stopparameter.
Padscanbemarkedwithspecialflags(First, Stop, Thermals).Theycanbe
alteredwithCHANGEsubsequently.GivingonepadofaPackagethe First
flag(CHANGEFIRSTON)allowstodefineaspecialshapeforitintheDesign
Rules, Shapestab,optionFirst,inordertomarkitasthenumber'1'padof
thePackage.
Setting the Thermals flag off prevents generating a Thermal symbol in a
238
Pad Name
EAGLE automatically assigns pad names, P$1, P$2, P$3 etc., as
placementproceeds.Assignthenamesinaccordancewiththeinformationin
thedatabook.
ThenamescanbecheckedeasilybyclickingtheOptions/Set/Miscmenuand
choosingthe Display padnames option.Allpadnamesare displayed after
refreshingthescreen(F2).
Alternativelytypeinthecommandline:
SET PAD ON
Tohidethepadnamesagain:
SET PAD OFF
Thefollowingprocedureisrecommendedforcomponentsthathavealarge
numberofsequentiallynumberedpads:
SelectthePADcommand,typeinthenameofthefirstpad,e.g.'1',andplace
thepadsinsequence.Thesinglequotemarksmustbetypedonthecommand
line.SeealsothesectiononNamesandAutomaticNamingonpage99.
Asimplesilkscreensymbolthatistobevisibleon
the board is drawn in layer 21, tPlace. Use the commands WIRE, ARC,
CIRCLE,RECT,andPOLYGON.
Ensurethatitdoesnotcoversolderedareas,sincethiscancauseproblems
whentheboardscometobesoldered.Ifnecessary,usetheGRIDcommandto
set a finer grid or use the Alt key for the alternative grid (see GRID
command). Thestandardwidth(CHANGEWIDTH)forlines inthescreen
printis8milor4mil,dependingonthesizeofthecomponent.
Itisalsopossibletocreateanadditionalandratherbetterlookingsilkscreen
for documentation purposes in layer 51, tDocu. This may indeed cover
solderedareas,sinceitisnotoutputalongwiththemanufacturingdata.
239
Inlayer39,tKeepout,youshouldcreatearestrictedareaoverthe
whole component using the RECT command ordraw aframe around the
PackagewithWIRE.ThisallowstheDRCtocheckwhethercomponentson
yourboardaretoocloseorevenoverlapping.
Description
ClickonDescriptioninthedescriptionbox.Awindowopensinwhoselower
part it is possible to enter text, while the formatted appearance of the
descriptionisdisplayedintheupperpart(Headline).Thetextcanbeentered
inHTMLformat.EAGLEworkswithasubsetofHTMLtagsthatallowthetext
tobeformatted.Youwillfinddetailedinformationinthehelpsystemunder
HTMLText.
ThedescriptivetextforourDIL14mightlooklikethis:
<b>DIL-14</b>
<p>
14-Pin Dual Inline Plastic Package, Standard Width 300 mil
Itisalsopossibletoadd,forinstance,thereferencedatabook,
theemailaddressofthesourceorotherinformationhere.Thesearchfacility
intheLayoutEditor'sADDdialogalsolooksinthistextforkeywords.
Hyperlinkscontainedinthedescriptionoflibraryobjectsareopenedwith
theappropriateapplicationprogram.
240
PackageEditorwithDIL14
Save
Atthisstageifnotbeforethelibraryshouldbesavedunderitsownname
(e.g.my_lib.lbr).
241
SMDpackage,FKversion
Thesizeofthesolderingareasistobe0.8mmx2.0mm.TheSMD1,at0.8
mmx3.4mm,islarger.
Clickagainontothe Editapackage icon,andenter thenameofthe
PackageintheNewboxintheeditmenu.ThePackageistobecalledLCC20.
ClickOKandconfirmthequestionCreatenewpackage'LCC20'?byanswering
Yes.
242
PlacingtheSMDs
The Roundness parameter (CHANGE command) specifies whether curves
shouldbegiventothecornersofthesolderpads.Thedefaultvalueis0%,
whichmeansthatthereisnorounding.
Seealsothesectiononpage149.
IfasquareSMDisselected,andifRoundnessisdefinedas100%,theresultis
a roundSMD,asisneededwhencreatingballgridarrayhousings(BGA).
Roundness isusuallychosentobe0%whenaPackageisbeingdefined.A
243
SMD Names
IfnonamesarevisibleintheSMDpads,clicktheOptions/Set/Miscmenuand
activatetheDisplaypadnamesoption.
Alternativelyyoucantypethefollowingontothecommandline:
set pad_names on
UsetheNAMEcommandtoadjustthenamestomatchthespecifications
ofthedatasheet.
ItisalternativelypossibletoassignnamesastheSMDsarebeingplaced,if
thecomponenthasalargenumberofpadswithsequentialnumbers.Select
theSMDcommand,typeinthenameofthefirstSMD,e.g.'1',andplacethe
padsinthecorrectsequence.Thesinglequotemarksmustbeenteredonthe
commandline.
SeealsothesectiononNamesandAutomaticNamingonpage99.
244
toasuitablevaluesuchas0.254mm(10mil).
Drawthesilkscreenprintinlayer21,tPlace.
Notethatthesilkscreenprintmustnotcoversolderedareas,asthiswill
causeproblemswhentheboardcomestobesoldered.
The default value for the line width is 8 mil (0.2032 mm), for smaller
components4mil(0.1016mm).
It is also possible to create an additional, more detailed, silk screen for
documentationpurposesinlayer51, tdocu.Thismayindeedcoversoldered
areas,sinceitisnotoutputalongwiththemanufacturingdata.
Inlayer39,tKeepout,youshouldcreateaforbiddenareaoverthe
wholecomponent(RECTcommand)ordrawaframearound thePackage
withtheWIREcommand.ThisallowstheDRCtocheckwhethercomponents
onyourboardaretooclose,orevenoverlapping.
245
Description
Thenclickon Description inthedescriptionbox.Youcaninsertadetailed
descriptionofthisPackageformhere.HTMLTextcanbeused.Thisformatis
describedintheprogram'shelpsystemunderHTMLText.
TheentryoftheLCC20inHTMLtextformatcouldlooklikethis:
<b>LCC-20</b>
<p>
FK ceramic chip carrier package from Texas
Instruments.
TheADDdialogintheLayoutEditorcansearchforthisdescriptionorfor
keywordswithinit.
Save
ThefullydefinedLCC20
Pleasedonotforgettosavethelibraryfromtimetotime!
246
Logicalappearanceofthe541032
ClickontotheEditasymbolicon.EnteranamefortheSymbolonthe
New line, such as 2input_positive_or, and click OK. Confirm the question
Createnewsymbol'2input_positive_or'?byansweringYes.Younowhavethe
SymbolEditorwindowinfrontofyou.
Pin Name
YouassignpinnameswiththeNAMEcommand.InourSymbolthetwo
inputpinsarenamedAandB,andtheoutputpinisnamedY.
Pinscarrying invertedsignals(activelow)canbedisplayedwithabarover
thenametext.Anexclamationmarkstartsandendsthebar.
!bar_above_text!normalresultsinbar_above_text-normal
FurtherexamplescanbefoundinthehelpfunctionoftheTEXTcommand.
Description
Clickontothe Description linkinordertoprovideadescriptivetextforthe
symbol.Youareallowedto useHTMLtagsforformattedtext.Moreinfo
aboutthiscanbefoundinthehelpfunction,HTMLtext.
Save
Thisisagoodmomenttosavetheworkthatyouhavedonesofar.
248
TheSymbolEditor:Logicsymbol(Americanrepresentation)
Pin Name
Youuse theNAME commandtogivethetwopinsthenamesofthe
signalsthattheyaretocarry.Inthiscase,theseareGNDandVCC.
Forreasonsofappearance,thepinpropertyVisibleissettoPadintheSymbol
shownbelow,andthepinlabelhasbeenplacedonlayer95, Names,using
TEXT.
TheSymbolEditor:Supplysymbol
inlayer95, Names.Placethetextatasuitablelocation.Noplaceholderis
necessaryforvaluehere.
250
ClickontotheEditadeviceicon.EnterthenamefortheDeviceonthe
Newline.
Inourexamplethisisa541032A.ThisDeviceistobeusedintwodifferent
technologies,asthe54AS1032Aandasthe54ALS1032A.The*isusedasa
placeholder at a suitable location in the Device name to represent the
differenttechnologies.Enter,therefore,thename54*1032A,andconfirmthe
questionCreatenewdevice'54*1032A'?withYes.
TheDeviceEditorwindowopens.
Aquestionmark?aspartoftheDevicenameisusedasaplaceholderfor
thePackageVariantname.Ifyoudon'tusea?,EAGLEaddsthePackage
VariantnameattheendoftheDevicenameautomatically.
Select Symbols
FirstuseADDtofetchtheSymbolsthatbelongtothisDevice.Awindow
opensinwhichalltheSymbolsavailableinthecurrentlibraryaredisplayed.
Doubleclickontothe2input_positive_orsymbolandplaceitfourtimes.
ClickagainontheADDicon,andselectthe'VCCGND'Symbolfromthelist.
Placethistooontothedrawingarea.
Thepinassignmentforthe
packages
Thismustbethe mostimportant step inthelibrary definition. CONNECT
assigns each pin to one ore more pads. The way in which nets in the
schematicdiagram areconverted into signallines inthelayoutisdefined
here.Eachnetatapincreatesasignallineatapad.Thepinassignmentfor
the541032isspecifiedinthedatasheet.Checktheconnectsinthelibrary
withcare.Errorsthatmaypassunnoticedherecanmakethelayoutuseless.
SelecttheJversionfromthePackagelistandclicktheCONNECTbutton.The
connectwindowopens.
253
CONNECTdialog
Thelistofpinsisontheleft,andthepadsareinthecenter.Clickontoapin
entry,andselecttheassociatedpad.Bothentriesarenowmarked.Youjoin
themwiththeconnectbutton.Thispairnowappearsontheright,inthe
Connection column. Join each pin to its pad in accordance with the data
sheet.FinishthedefinitionbyclickingOK.
PleasenotethatinourexampletheGatesarenamedA,B,C,andDwhile
theyarenamed1,2,3,and4inthedatasheet.
DefinetheconnectionsforthesecondPackageversion,FK,inthesameway.
Selecttheversion,andclicktheConnectbutton.Theusualdialogappearsin
theconnectwindow.Proceedexactlyasdescribedabove.
Pleasenotethatsixpadsarenotconnectedinthisversion.Theyareleftover
inthePadcolumn.FinishtheprocessbyclickingOK.
There is now a green tick totheright of bothPackage variants, and this
indicatesthat connectioniscomplete.Thisisonlytrue whenevery pinis
connectedtoapad.
Itisnotpossibletoconnectseveralpinswithacommonpad!
A Device may contain more pads than pins, but not the other way
around!
PinswithdirectionNC(notconnected)mustbeconnectedtoapad,as
well!
Inthesection 8.4beginningwithpage 259isexplainedhowtousethe
Append buttonoftheConnectdialoginordertoconnectonepinwith
morethanonepad.
254
TechnologiesforpackagevariantJ
ClosethewindowbyclickingOKagain.
SelecttheFKversionfromthePackagelist.Clickonto Technologies inthe
descriptionboxagain.YouwillnowseethatASandALSareavailableas
selectionsinthetechnologieswindow.Activatebothofthesebyclickinginto
thesmallboxtotheleft,sothatatickisdisplayed.Finishthedefinitionby
clickingOK.
ThetechnologiesavailablefortheselectedPackageversionarenowlistedin
thedescriptionareaoftheDeviceEditor.
Value
ThesettingofvaluedetermineswhethertheVALUEcommandcanbeusedto
alterthevalueoftheDeviceintheschematicdiagramandinthelayout.
On:
Youareallowedtochangethevalueintheschematic(forexample
forresistors).Definingthevalueisnecessarytospecifythepart.
Off:
ThevaluewillbegeneratedfromtheDevicenamewhichcan
includetechnologyandPackagevariantname(e.g.74LS00N).
EvenifValueissetOff,itispossibletochangethevalueofacomponentafter
confirmingawarningmessage.
If you change the initial value and decide to use another Technology or
255
Description
ClickontoDescriptioninthedescriptionbox.Youcanenteradescriptionof
theDeviceinthewindowwhichnowopens.Usetypicaltermsthatyoumight
applyforakeywordsearch.ThesearchfacilityoftheADDcommandinthe
schematicdiagramwillalsosearchthroughthistext.
YoucanuseHTMLtext.Thesyntaxisdescribedinthehelpsystemunderthe
keywordHTMLText.
Thedescriptioncanlooklikethis:
DeviceEditor:54*1032A.dev
<b>541032A</b>
<p>
Quadruple 2-Input Positive-OR Buffers/Drivers
from TI.
Save
ThiscompletesdefinitionoftheDeviceset.Ifyouhavenotalreadysavedthe
library,pleasedoitatthisstage!
256
NANDSymbol7400(EuropeanRepresentation)
Thetwoinputpinsarecalled I0and I1andaredefinedashavingdirection
In,Swaplevel1,visiblePinandfunctionNone.
Theoutputpiniscalled O andisdefinedwithdirection Out,Swaplevel 0,
visiblePin,andfunctionDot.
Now define the supply gate with the name PWRN, and the following
properties:
257
Powergate
ThetwopinsarecalledGNDandVCC.TheyaredefinedwithdirectionPwr,
Swaplevel0,functionNone,andvisiblePad.
Nowcreatethe7400DeviceintheDeviceEditor:
SpecifythePackagewithPACKAGE(whichmustalreadybepresentinthe
library)andusePREFIXtospecifythenameprefixasIC.
UsetheADDcommandtoplacethe7400Symbolfourtimes,withAddlevel
beingsettoNextandSwaplevelto1.ThenlabeltheGatesasA,B,CandD
withtheNAMEcommand.
TheAddlevelofNextmeansthatastheseGatesareplacedintotheschematic,
they willbeused in thatsequence, i.e., thesequence in whichthey were
fetchedintotheDevice.
ThenplacethePWRNSymbolonce,usingAddlevelRequestandSwaplevel0.
NamethisGateP.
AddlevelRequestspecifiestwothings:
Thesupplygatewillonlybefetchedintotheschematicifrequested,
i.e.withtheINVOKEcommand.TheADDcommandwillonlybeable
toplaceNANDgates.
Thesupplygatewillnotbeincludedwhennamesareallocatedtothe
schematic. Whereas an IC with two Next Gates appears in the
schematicassomethinglikeIC1AandIC1B,anICwithoneNextGate
andoneRequestGatewillonlybeidentifiedasIC1.
So use the CONNECT command to define the housing pads to which the
supplypinsareconnected.
Connect:OnepinisconnectedtothreepadsinAnymode
Furtherinformationcanbefoundinthehelp,EditorCommands/CONNECT.
259
SupplysymbolforGND
260
8.6 Attributes
You are allowed to define, additionally to >name and >value, further
properties,thesocalled attributes.It'spossibletodefineattributesforeach
technologyandPackagevariantintheDeviceeditor.Thischapterwillguide
youthroughtheprocessofdefiningattributeswiththehelpofanexample.
Thereforeopenthelibrary74xxus.lbrandsaveacopyofitwithSaveas...in
anarbitrarydirectory.Wedon'twanttochangetheoriginallibraryforthis.
EdittheDevice74*05.
Define Attributes
Let'sdefinesome attributesforthePackagevariant N,whichisthe DIL14
Package.ThereforeclickontoentryDIL14(VariantN)inthePackageliston
therighthandsideoftheDeviceEditorwindow.NowclicktheATTRIBUTE
command icon
descriptionwindowbelowtherepresentationoftheDevice. Thefollowing
Attributewindowwillappear.
ThisdialoginitiallyshowstheTechnologiesavailableforthePackagevariant
N.ClickingtheNewbuttonopenstheNewAttributewindow.Pleaseenter,for
example,Heightfortheattribute'snameand0.16infortheattribute's value.
Thelinebelowdetermineswhetheritisallowedtomodifythevalueofthe
261
Attributes'dialog
attribute(variable)ornot(constant)inthedrawing.Select constant inour
examplehere.
NowyouhavestilltodefineforwhichTechnologiestheattributeshouldbe
valid:forthecurrentlyselectedoneonly(current)orforall.Selectallhere.
DefiningtheHeightAttribute
ClicktheOKbuttonandthenewattributeisshowninthelistnow.
Let's define a second attribute that should have different values for the
Technologies.ClicktheNewbuttonintheAttributes'dialogagain.Enterthe
followingparameters:
Name:DistributorValue:Smith,variableTechnologies:all
Click OK now.Afurthercolumnforthe Distributor attributeisshown.All
technologieshavetheSmithentry.
Attributenamesarewritteninuppercaselettersautomatically!
But in our example the LS technology has to be distributed by Miller
exclusively.ClickintothefieldoftheDistributorattributethatbelongstothe
LStechnology.
262
8.6 Attributes
TheDistributorfieldforLSisselected
Clickontothe Change buttonnow.Thewindowforchangingtheproperties
oftheattributeopens.Setthefollowingoptions:
Name:DistributorValue:Millerexclusively,constantTechnologies:current
ClicktheOKbutton,andtheexceptionfortheLStechnologyisdefined.This
valuecannotbealteredintheSchematic/Layout.
TheChangedialogallowsthreepossibilitiesintheTechnologiesfield:current,
same,all.Thismeansthatthecurrentlychangedpropertieswillbevalidfor
the currently selected (current), for all the technologies with the same
attribute value as the currently selected (all with same value) , or for all
technologies.
Finallylet'sdefineafurtherattributeforremarks.Thisattributewillhaveno
initialvalueandwillbevariable.SowecanuseitintheSchematicorinthe
Layout,ifnecessary.
Thereforeclickagainthe New buttonintheAttributesdialogandmakethe
followingsettings:
Name:RemarksValue:,variableTechnologies:all
ClickOK.Theattributeswindowlookslikethisnow:
AlltheAttributesfor74*05,VariantN
263
Display Attributes
IfyouwouldusetheDevice74*05withoutfurtherchangesintheSchematic
orLayoutEditor,itwouldbringalongitsattributesandtheirvalues. The
attributes are not visible in the drawing and can be check with the
ATTRIBUTEScommand.
InformationabouthowtodisplayattributesinSchematicorLayoutcanbe
foundonpage130inthismanual.
264
Labelingofaschematicsymbol
265
Summary
Next:ForallGatesthatshouldbefetchedinsequence(e.g.theNANDGates
ofa7400).ThisisalsoagoodoptionforDeviceswithasingleGate.TheADD
commandfirsttakesunusedNextGatesfromcomponentswhichexistonthe
currentsheetbefore"opening"anewcomponent.
Must: For Gates which must be present if some other Gate from the
componentispresent.Typicalexample:thecoilofarelay.MustGatescannot
bedeletedbeforealltheotherGatesfromthatcomponenthavebeendeleted.
Can:ForGateswhichareonlyusedasrequired.Inarelaythecontactsmay
bedefinedwithAddlevel Can.Insuchacasetheindividualcontactscanbe
specificallyfetchedwithINVOKE,andcanlaterbedeletedwithDELETE.
Always: ForGateswhichasageneralrulewillbeusedintheschematicas
soonasthecomponentisusedatall.Example:contactsfromamulticontact
relay, of which a few are occasionally left unused. These contacts can be
removed with DELETE, provided that they were defined with Addlevel
Always.
Request:Forsupplygatesofcomponents.
The difference from Can is: A Device with exactly one NextGate and a
RequestGatewillbenamed,forexampleIC1.TheGatenamedoesnotappear
inthenameofthepartintheschematic.TheRequestGate'sname,however
willconsistofPrefix+Number+Gatename,forexample,IC1P.
266
Relaywithonecoilandthreecontacts
Packageofacircuitboardconnector
Nowdefineasymbolrepresentingonecontactarea.SetvisibletoPad,sothat
thenames1to10,definedinthePackage,appearintheschematic.
ConnectorsymbolfortheSchematic
Then fetch theSymbol tentimesinto anewly created Device, setting the
AddlevelineachcasetoAlways,andusetheCONNECTcommandtocreate
theconnectionsbetweentheSMDsandthepins.Whenyounowfetchthis
Deviceintoaschematic,alltheconnectionsappearassoonasitisplaced.
IndividualconnectionscanberemovedwithDELETE.
267
AfterADD,alltheconnectionsarevisibleintheschematic
Fixingholeswithrestrictedareas
Thedrillholesareplaced,withthedesired diameter,onthePackageusing
the HOLE command.The drillingdiametercanberetrospectivelychanged
withCHANGEDRILL.
TheforbiddenareafortheAutorouter/Followmerouterisdefinedinlayer
42, bRestrict, using theCIRCLE command. For reasons ofrepresentational
claritythecircleisshownherewithanonzerowidth.Circleswhosewidthis
0are filled.InthiscaseithasnoeffectontheAutorouter,sinceitmaynot
routewithinthecircleineithercase.Theseforbiddenareasarealsotaken
intoaccountbyapolygoninlayer16,Bottom.
268
Define Symbol
FordefininganelectromechanicalrelayyouhavetouseoneSymbolforthe
coilandoneormoreSymbolsforthecontacts.
Pleasenotethefollowingrulesforthecontactsymbols:
Thecenterofthecontactsymbolshouldbelocatedatposition(00)
Arrange the pins in vertical direction, i.e. they are pointing up or
down
Inordertogetautomaticallygeneratedcrossreferences,usetheTEXT
commandtodefinetheplaceholdertext>XREFandplaceit.Thetext
shouldbewritteninlayer95,Names,like>NAMEand>VALUE.
Therearenospecialrulesforthecoilsymbol.Theplaceholdertext>XREFis
notneededhere.
Define Device
OurelectromechanicalrelayconsistsofmultipleGates:oneGateforthecoil
andseveralGatesforthecontacts.TheplacementoftheGatesintheDevice
Editor has to follow some rules. Otherwise the presentation of the cross
referencesintheSchematicwouldnotbeoptimal.
Theoriginofthefirstcontactgateshouldbelocatedatthe
xcoordinate 0. The lower pin of the Gate should be located
completely in the positive coordinates range. The ycoordinate is
typically0.1inch.
Eachfurthercontactgateisplacedtotherightofthefirstoneatthe
sameycoordinate(thesameheight).
Thedistancebetween thecontactgatesintheDevice Editorfinally
determinesthedistanceofthecontactsinthegraphicalrepresentation
ofthecontactcrossreferencesintheSchematic.Thecontactgateswill
berotatedby90andalignedverticallyonebyonethere.
Thecoilgatemay beplaced anywhere intheDevice drawing. The
AddlevelforthisGatemustbeMust.
269
Define Package
DuetoEAGLE'slibrarystructureandinordertoavoiderrormessagesyou
havetodefineaPackage,aswell.ThiscanbeasimpledummyPackagethat
simplyhasthesamenumberofPadsasnumberofPinsintheDevice.
SelectthePackagewiththeNewbuttonintheDeviceEditorandassignPins
withPadswiththeCONNECTcommand.
Furtherinformationaboutthesubject ElectricalSchematics canbefoundon
CadSoft'swebsite.
ParametertoolbaroftheFRAMEcommand
Thepositionofthedrawingframeisfixedbytwomouseclicksorbytyping
thecoordinatesofitscornersinthecommandline.
ColumnsandRowscanbeusedtodetermineaDevice'soranet'sposition,for
example with the help of an ULP, or to have crossreferences calculated
automatically(seeLABELcommand).
270
Textvariablesinthedocumentationfield
The frame is defined in the Device with Addlevel Next, and the
documentationfieldwithAddlevelMust.Thismeansthatthedocumentation
fieldcannotbedeletedaslongastheframeispresent.
ThereareframesdefinedasPackagesavailablefortheLayoutEditorwhich
can be placed even if there is a consistent schematic/layout pair. These
framesdon'thaveanyelectricalsignificancebecausetheyaredefinedwithout
padsorSMDs.
The variable >CONTACT_XREF has a special meaning for Electrical
Schematics.Thepositionofthistext,whichisnotdisplayedintheSchematic,
determines the reserved area for the representation of the contact cross
271
.Thereforeclickontothecomponentwiththemouse
orenterthecomponent'snameinthecommandline.Thiscausesobjectsin
theToplayertobereflectedintotheBottomlayer,whilealltheobjectsinthe
t..layersarereflectedintothecorrespondingb..layers.
If one of the commands ADD, COPY, MOVE, or PASTE is active the
componentcanbemirroredbyclickingthemiddlemousebutton.
272
273
DeviceEditor:ListofPackageVariants
ThePACKAGEcommandcopiesthecompletePackagedefinitionintothe
currentlibraryandmakesavailablethenewvariantwiththegivenname
fortheDevice.
Ifyoudecidetoeraseanewlydefinedvariant,youcandothiswiththe
UNDOfunction(asfaraspossible)orbyusingthecontextmenuofthe
Packageentry(rightmouseclick,Deleteentry).
Connect Command
ClicktheConnectbuttonnow.TheConnectwindowopens.Connectpinswith
padsbyclickingonthepinandpadentriesbelongingtogetherasdescribedin
paragraph8.2.
Itisalsopossibletoadaptthepin/padconnectionsfromanalreadyexisting
Package variant. In our example the assignment does not differ from the
DIL14Package.ThereforeselecttheentryDIL14fromtheCopyfrom:combo
275
Defining Technologies
TheDevice 54*1032A isavailableintwotechnologies(ALSandAS).These
stillhavetobesetupforthenewPackagevariant.
SelectthePackagevariantTestfromthelistonthelowerrightoftheDevice
Editor window. A click onto Technologies in the description field opens a
window.Clickthe New buttonandsetuptechnologyALSwithafollowing
clickontoOK,andASagainwithafollowingclickontoOK.Bothentriesare
shownwithatagnow.AfurtherclickontotheOKbuttonclosesthewindow
again.
Save
ThedefinitionofthePackagevariantisfinished.Nowitistimetosavethe
library.
276
277
PackageEditor:RelativeandPolarCoordinatesDisplay
Valuesmarkedwithan R are relativevaluesreferringtothepreviouslyset
reference point. The leading P indicates polar values referring to the
referencepoint.
Example:
Threepadsaretobeplacedonthecircumferenceofacirclewitharadiusof
50mm.Thecenterofthepartisatposition(00).
GRID MM;
MARK (0 0);
PAD '1' (P 50 0);
PAD '2' (P 50 120);
PAD '3' (P 50 240);
Dependingontheusedpadshapeitmaybeusefultoplacethepadsrotated
(forexampleforLongpadsorSMDs).
Itispossibletoentertheangledirectlyintheparametertoolbarorinthe
commandlinewhilethePADorSMDcommandisactive.
Example:
GRID MM ;
MARK (0 0);
PAD '2' LONG R120 (P 50 120) ;
278
279
RequestingtheUpdateMode
281
283
This
page
hasbeen
leftfree
intentionally.
284
Chapter 9
Preparing Manufacturing Data
Data output for board manufacturing is made with the help of the CAM
Processor.PCBmanufacturerusuallyworkwithdrilldatainExcellonformat
andplotdatain Gerber format.Howtogeneratesuchdataandwhichdata
you have to pass on to your PCB manufacturer will be explained in this
chapter.
AlotofPCBmanufacturersgeneratethesedatawithEAGLEbythemselves.
Insuchacaseyouhavetopassontheboardfileonlyandyouneednotcare
aboutdatageneration.YouwillfindlinkstosuchfirmsonourInternetpages.
Withthehelpof pcbservice.ulp youwillbedirectedto element14.com and
mayhaveanofferofpartnersfromFarnell/Newarkformanufacturingyour
printed circuit board. Based on your layout and the Design Rules, key
parametersformanufacturing,likeboardsize,minimumdrillsize,andsoon
aredetermined.
Your design should be complete and have passed a DRC successfully. By
clickingontothelinkintheULPdialogwindowyouwillbedirectedtothe
quotesiteofelement14,wheretheseparameterswillbetransferred,aswell
(loginnecessary).Withafewstepsyougetaquoteformanufacturingyour
board.
If,however, yourboardmakerisnotsetuptoprocessEAGLEboardfiles
directly, you will have to supply them with a set of files. What will be
requiredwillbediscussedinthefollowingsections.
AdditionalusefulUserLanguagePrograms(ULPs)areavailableonCadSoft's
Internetpages.Theycanbeused,forexample,forthegenerationofglue
mask data, for the calculation of milling contours, or for data regarding
automaticmountingandtestingequipment.
GERBER_RS274X
ThisdevicegeneratesfilesinExtendedGerberformat(RS274X)wherethe
aperturetableisintegratedintheoutputfile.SimplygenerateGerberfiles
with the GERBER_RS274X device and pass them on to your board
manufacturer.ThisisthemostefficientandeasiestwaytogenerateGerber
data.
TheExtendedGerberdeviceGERBER_RS274Xhasaresolutionof1/100,000
ofanInch(dataformat:2.5,inch).
Alternatives:
GERBER_RS274X_24
1/10.000inch,dataformat2.4,inch
GERBER_RS274X_26
1/1.000.000inch,dataformat2.6,inch
GERBER_RS274X_33MM 1/1000mm,dataformat3.3,mm
286
Drill Data
Thegenerationof drilldataisverysimilartothegenerationofplotdata.
Typicalformatsusedinindustryare Excellon or Sieb&Meyer1000 or 3000.
TheyaresupportedbytheCAMProcessor.ThemostcommononeisExcellon.
Thesimplestcaseistogenerateonecommondrilldatafileforalldrillholes.
Ifyouhavetodistinguish platedfrom nonplateddrillholes,twodrilldata
filesmustbegenerated.EAGLEdifferentiatesbetweenplateddrillsofPads
andViasinlayer44,Drills,andnonplatedholesinlayer45,Holes,whichare
placedbytheHOLEcommand.
IfyouhavetogeneratedrilldataforamultilayerboardthatusesBlindand
Buriedviaswithdifferentvialengthsthatresultindifferentdrillingdepths,
theCAMProcessortakescareonthisautomatically.Foreachvialengthit
generatesaseparatedrilldatafile.
Furtherinformationaboutthiscanbefoundinchapter9.5frompage301on.
EXCELLON
UsingthisdevicetheCAMProcessorgeneratesadrillfilethatcontainsthe
drilltableandthedrillcoordinates.Thisfileformatisthemostcommonin
theindustryandwillberecognizedbymostboardmanufacturers.
ThedefaultresolutionoftheEXCELLONdeviceis1/100,000ofanInch,no
leadingzeros(dataformat:2.5,Inch).
Alternatives:
EXCELLON_24
EXCELLON_26
EXCELLON_33MM
1/10.000inch,dataformat:2.4,inch
1/1.000.000inch,dataformat:2.6,inch
1/1.000mm,dataformat:3.3,mm
EXCELLON_RACK
Thisdevicecanbeused,ifyourboardmanufacturerinsistsontwoseparate
files.Adrilltable(rackfile)andthedrilldatafile.Thiswasdefaultinprior
EAGLEversions.Defaultdataformatis2.4,Inch.
287
outlines.ulp
Asimpleexampleforcontourdatacalculationisoutlines.ulp.Startitwiththe
RUNcommand.Selectthelayerforwhichoutlinedatashallbegenerated,
define thediameter ofthemillingtool(Width),and selecttheoutputfile
format(ScriptorHPGL)intheULP'sdialogwindow.
TheScriptfilecontainingtheoutlinedatacanbeimportedintoEAGLEwith
theSCRIPTcommand.Thusit'spossibletovisualizethecalculatedcontours
intheLayoutEditor.Youcanevenmodifythem,ifnecessary.
Finally,themillingdataoutputismadewiththeCAMProcessor.Selectthe
layerwherethecontoursaretobedrawninanduse,forexample,theHPGL,
thePS(Postscript)oroneoftheGerberdevicesfortheoutput.
Furtherinformationcanbefoundinthehelpfunction,Outlinedata.
mill-outlines.ulp
AnotherUserLanguageprogramthatcalculatesoutlineanddrilldataismill
outlines.ulp.Itoffersvariousconfigurationparameters.Simplystartitwith
theRUNcommandintheLayoutEditor.ConsulttheULPsintegratedhelp
functionfordetails.
288
Printing on a Film
Forboardsoflimitedcomplexity,onecanusealaserorinkjetprinterand
printonatransparentfoilwiththePRINTcommand.Thismethodisused,for
example,byhobbyistsandresults inashorter fabricationtimeandaless
expensiveboardfabricationprocess.
ThelayersthataredisplayedintheLayoutEditorwhileprintingwillappear
onthefilm.ChecktheoptionsBlackandSolidintheprintdialog.
Thedrillsofpadsandviasarevisibleontheprintout.Thiswillallowaneasy
visual indication of where you have to drill manually on the board.
Experienceshowsthattheopeningofapadoraviashouldnotbetoobigto
allowforagoodcenteringofthedrillbit.Thisissuecanbesolvedwiththe
help of an User Language program, named drillaid.ulp. Start it before
printing,andletitdrawaringinsideeachpadandviainaseparatelayer.
Theinnerdiameterofthisringcanbedefinedandisusuallysetto0.3mm.Of
course,youhavetodisplaythisadditionallayerforprintingonthefilm.
289
Generatesonefilewithcoordinatesof
thecenteredpartorigins
mountsmd.ulp
CenteredoriginsforSMTdevices;onefilefor
topandonefileforbottomside
ULPsforcircuittester(selection):
dif40.ulp
DIF4.0formatfromDigitaltest
fabmaster.ulp
FabmasterformatFATFREV11.1
gencad.ulp
GenCADformatforTeradyne/GenRad
incircuittester
unidat.ulp
UNIDATformat
Execute the RUN command in the Layout Editor window to start the
particularULP.
NotealsothewiderangeofprogramsthataremadeavailableontheCadSoft
webserverhttp://www.cadsoftusa.com/download.htm,ULPdirectory.
Documentation
ManydocumentationitemscanbegeneratedwiththeaidofUserLanguage
programs.Notealsothewiderangeofprogramsthataremadeavailableon
ourwebserver.Thebom.ulp,theprogramforgeneratingabillofmaterials,
hasbeenusedasabasisforlotsofusercontributedULPs.
Parts List
Thepartslistcanbecreatedbybom.ulp.StartitfromtheSchematicEditor,
using the RUN command. The Bill Of Material window with the parts
summaryopensfirst.
290
bom.ulp:Dialogwindow
It
ispossibletoimportadditionalinformationfromadatabasefileintotheparts
list (Load), or to create a new database with its own properties such as
manufacturer,storesnumber,materialnumberorprice(New).
You can obtain further details about the current version of the ULP by
clickingthehelpbutton.
Asimple parts list canalso becreated from a boardor schematic by
meansoftheEXPORTcommand(Partlistoption).
Drill Plan
Printingadrillplanenablesyoutocheckthedrillholesandtheirdiameters.
Itshowsanindividualsymbolforeachdiameterofhole,via,andpadusedin
yourdesign.EAGLEuses19differentsymbols:18ofthemareassignedtoa
certaindiameter; one()appears,ifnosymbolhasbeendefined forthe
diameterofthishole.Thesymbolsappearinlayer44,Drills,atthepositions
wherepadsorviasareplaced,andinlayer45,Holes,atthepositionswhere
holesareplaced.
TherelationbetweendiametersandsymbolsisdefinedthroughtheLayout
Editor'sOptions/Set/Drilldialog.
ThebuttonsNew,Change,DeleteandAddcanbeusedtocreateanewtable,
tomodifycertainentries,deletethemortoaddnewones.
The Set button extracts all the hole diameters from the layout and
automaticallyassignsthemtoadrillsymbolnumber.ThevaluesofDiameter
291
Configurationofthedrillsymbols
and Widthdeterminethediameterandlinethicknessofthedrillsymbolon
thescreenandtheprintout.
Theimageaboveshowsthatdrillsymbol1isassignedtoadrilldiameterof
0.01inch.Inthefollowingimageyoucanseehowtherelatedsymboldrawn
inlayer44,Drills,or45,Holes,lookslike.Thesymbolnumber1lookslikea
pluscharacter(+).
Assignmentofthedrillsymbols
The dill symbol assignment is stored in the userspecific file eaglerc.usr
(.eaglercforLinuxandMac).
Drill Legend
Documentingthedrillsymbolassignmentisquitesimplewiththehelpofa
handyUserLanguageprogramnameddrilllegend.ulp.
292
Assembly Variants
The CAM Processor basically generates data for the assembly variant, the
board is saved with. The status bar of the CAM Processors shows the
assemblyvariantassoonastheboardfileisloaded.
Ifyouhavetocreatedataforanotherassemblyvariant,werecommendto
selectthisvariantintheschematiceditorandsaveschematicandboardin
thisvariant.NowstarttheCAMProcessoragain.
IfyouprefertotheCAMProcessorfromaCommandPromptwindowora
Terminalwindow(eagleX)youhavetospecifythecommandlineoptionA
inordertoselecttheassemblyvariant.Informationabouttheseoptionscan
befoundintheAppendixbeginningwithpage315.
293
Job gerb274x.cam
This job can be used to generate manufacturing data in Extended Gerber
format.
294
Componentside
%N.sol
Solderside
%N.plc
Silkscreencomponentside
%N.stc
Solderstopmaskcomponentside
%N.sts
Solderstopmasksolderside
%N.gpi
Infofile,notneededhere
%Nistheplaceholderfortheboardfilenamewithoutitsextension.
Ifotherlayersarealsotobegenerated,e.g.silkscreenforthebottomside,or
asoldercreammask,theGerberjobcanbeextendedwithmodificationsas
required.Extendingthejobisdiscussedlaterinthischapter.
Job excellon.cam
The easiest way to generate drill data is to use the predefined CAM job
excellon.cam,usedwiththeCAMProcessorafilethatcontainsdrilldataand
therespectivedrilltablewillbegeneratedautomatically.Thisjobdoesnot
distinguishbetweenthelayers Drills and Holes.Bothwillbeoutputintoa
commonfile.Usuallyalldrillingswillbeplatedthroughthen.
Proceedasfollows:
StarttheCAMProcessor(forexample File/CAMProcessor menu)in
theLayoutEditor.
LoadtheboardintotheCAMProcessor(File/Open/Board),ifithas
notbeenloadedautomaticallyduringthestartsequence.
295
Drilldata
%N.dri
Infofile,forboardmanufacturer,
ifrequired
CAMProcessor:Generatedrilldatawiththeexcellon.camjob
Thedefaultunitforthedrilltableisinch.Ifthedrilltablewouldbepreferred
inMillimetresthedevicedefinitioncanbechangedinthefileeagle.def.More
detailsconcerningthiscanbefoundinthesectionUnitsforapertureanddrill
tables,beginningwithpage311.
Excellon.cam can be used for multilayer boards, as well as for those with
Blind, Buried or Micro vias. In this case several drill data files will be
generated.Seechapter9.5fordetails.
296
Job gerber.cam
If your board manufacturer can not handle Extended Gerber format and
expectsGerber data with a separate aperture file, use the job gerber.cam.
Thesefilescanbecreatedwiththedevices GERBERAUTO and GERBER and
generatesdatainRS274Dformat.
Howtoproceed:
StarttheCAMProcessor,forexample,withtheCAMProcessoriconin
theLayoutEditororwiththeFile/CAMProcessormenu.
LoadtheboardintotheCAMProcessor(File/Open/Board)ifitwasnot
loadedautomaticallyduringthestartsequence.
Loadthepredefinedjobgerber.camwiththeFile/Open/Jobmenu.
Nowclick ProcessJob.EAGLEautomaticallygeneratessixfileswhich
youhavetopassontotheboardmanufacturer.FiveGerberplotfiles
andonecommonaperturetable.
Inthefirststepanaperturetable%N.whlisgenerated.Twomessages
appear,whichyouconfirmwithOK.
Messagesingerber.cam
The left message is generated by the entry in the Prompt field, and
remindsyoutodeletethetemporaryfile%N.$$$createdwhengenerating
theaperturetableafterthejobisdone.
Themessageontherightadvisesyouthatmorethanonesignallayerare
active atthesametime.Normally onlyonesignallayer isactivewhile
outputisgenerated.However,whengeneratingthewheel,allthelayers
needtobeactiveatthesametimetoformacommonaperturetablefor
theGerberoutput.
Thefollowingfileswillbesubsequentlyoutput:
%N.whl
Aperturefile(Wheel)
%N.cmp
Componentside
%N.sol
Solderside
%N.plc
Silkscreencomponentside
%N.stc
Solderstopmaskcomponentside
%N.sts
Solderstopmasksolderside
297
%N.$$$
Temporaryfile,pleasedeleteit
%N.gpi
Infofile,notneededhere
Files List
TheoutputfilesoftheCAMjobsdifferintheirfileextensions.Youare,of
course,freetouseunequivocalnamesofyourown.
TheCAMProcessorallowstheuseofsomeplaceholdersforthegenerationof
outputfilenames.Usuallytheoutputfilenameconsistsofthenameofthe
board file plus a special file extension. For the board file name without
extensionweusetheplaceholder%N.Write,forexample,intheOutputFile
field:%N.cmp.Thiswillbeexpandedwiththenameofthelayoutfilethatis
loadedplustheextension(here:boardname.cmp).
Inthefollowingtable %N alsostandsforthenameofthecurrentlyloaded
boardfilethatisusedtogeneratemanufacturingdatafrom.
Filename
Selectedlayers
Description
Signallayers
%N.cmp
1Top,17Pads,18Vias
Componentside(top)
%N.sol
16Bottom,17Pads,
18Vias
Solderside(bottom)
Innerlayers
298
%N.ly2
2Route2,17Pads,18
Vias
Innerlayer2
%N.ly3
3Route3,17Pads,18
Vias
Innerlayer3
.....
.....
.....
%N.l15
15Route15,17Pads,
18Vias
Innerlayer15
Silkscreen
%N.plc
21tPlace,25tNames,
possibly20Dimension(*)
Silkscreencomponent
side
%N.pls
22bPlace,26bNames
possibly20Dimension(*)
Silkscreensolderside
Solderstopmask
%N.stc
29tStop
Solderstopcomponent
side
%N.sts
30bStop
Solderstopsolderside
Creamframe(forSMTdevices)
%N.crc
%N.crs
31tCream
Creamframe
componentside
32bCream
Creamframesolder
side
Millingcontoursforopenings,oblongholes...
%N.mill
%N.dim
46Milling(**)
Platedmillingcontours
20Dimension(**)
Nonplatedmilling
cont.
Finishingmask(e.g.goldcoating)
%N.fic
33tFinish
Finishingcomponent
side
%N.fis
34bFinish
Finishingsolderside
Gluemask(forlargerSMTdevices)
%N.glc
35tGlue
Gluemaskcomponent
side
299
%N.gls
36bGlue
Gluemasksolderside
44Drills,45Holes
Alldrillings
Drilldata
%N.drd
Distinguishingplatedfromnonplateddrillings
%N.drd
44Drills
Plateddrillings
%N.hol
45Holes
Nonplateddrillings
(*)Pleasecheckwithyourboardmanufacturerwhetheryouhavetooutput
theboardcontourinlayer20inaseparatefileoryouareallowedtocombine
itwiththoselayers.
(**) Ifthereareadditional millededgesintheboard,youshouldcontact
yourboardmanufacturerandaskthemwhichlayerstheypreferformilling
contours.
xxxstandsforastringthatisinsertedonlyinto
thedatafilename
%E
fileextensionoftheloadedfile,withoutthe'.'
%H
homedirectoryoftheuser
%I{xxx}
xxxstandsforastringthatisinsertedonlyinto
theInfofilename
%L
layerrangeforblind&buriedvias
%N
nameoftheloadedfilewithoutpathand
extension
%P
directorypathoftheloadedBoardorSchematic
file
%%
thecharacter'%'
Theseplaceholdersmustbewritteninuppercaseletters!
300
Inner Layers
Innerlayersaretreatedthesameastheoutersignallayers.Togetherwiththe
signallayer,thelayersPadsandViashavetobeactived.
IftheLayerSetupallowsBlindandBuriedvias,thecombinationofonesignal
layerandtheViaslayeroutputsonlythoseviasthatbelongtothissignal
layer.
IfthereisonlytheViaslayeractive(nosignallayer),theCAMProcessor
willoutputallviasoftheboard!
CAMProcessor:Soldersidesectionofthegerber.camjob
Output:
Selectthedriverforthedesiredoutputdeviceoroutputformatinthe
Devicecombobox.
Entertheoutputpathandfilenameinthe File fieldorsimplyclick
ontotheFilebuttonanduseitsdialog.
If you want to output a file on a particular drive, place the drive
identifieror,ifappropriate,thepathinfrontofthefilenameending.
For instance, under Windows, d:\%N.cmp would place the file
boardname.cmp intherootdirectoryofdriveD.Thisalsoappliesto
302
303
304
305
Outputfile
Selectedlayers
Description
1,2,15,16,17,18,20,
21,22,25,26,29,30,
31,32
Generatewheelfile
.whl
*modifiedlayer
selection
%N.cmp
1Top,17Pads,18Vias
Componentside
%N.ly2
2Route2,17Pads,18
Vias
Innerlayer2
%N.l15
15VCC,17Pads,18Vias
Innerlayer15
%N.sol
16Bottom,17Pads,
18Vias
Solderside
* %N.$$$
306
21tPlace,25tNames,
20Dimension
Silkscreencomponent
side
%N.pls
22bPlace,26bNames
20Dimension
Silkscreensolderside
%N.stc
29tStop
Solderstopmaskcomp.
side
%N.sts
30bStop
Solderstopmasksolder
side
%N.crc
31tCream
Creamframecomp.side
%N.crs
32bCream
Creamframesolderside
Check once more whether all the necessary layers for the creation of the
aperturetableareactiveinthefirstsection.Theoutputfilegeneratedinthe
firstsectioncannotbeused.Forthisreason,thefile boardname.$$$ should
bedeleted.
Forinnerlayers,youalwayshavetoactivatethelayersPadsandVias!
307
%N.xxx%I{.info}
Here%Nstandsfortheboardname,xxxstandsforanycharactersforthefile
extension, %I{.info} generatesanadditionalextension .info fortheGerber
infofiles.
Theoutputfilesgeneratedwilllooklikethis:
Gerberfile:
Infofile:
boardname.xxx
boardname.xxx.info
Example:
Theboardmyboard.brdisloaded.TheFilefieldcontains%N.cmp%I{.info}.
The output file is called myboard.cmp, and the info file is named
myboard.cmp.info.
Thefileswillbewrittenintothesamedirectoryastheboardfileis.
Alldimensionsaregivenhereininches.Itisalsopossibletoenterthevalues
withtheirunit,e.g.0.010inor0.8mm.Commentsindrillconfigurationfiles
maybeusedandareidentifiedbyasemicolon,whichmaystandatthestart
ofalineorbeprecededbyaspace.
308
Intheeventyouwishtodistinguishplatedandnonplatedholes:
Addanewsectionwhichoutputsonlylayer45,Holes,intoasecond
drillfilewithmodifiedfilename.Possibly.holforholes.
SavethejobfileviaFile/Savejobwithanewname.
A toleranceof 2.5%shouldbeallowedfordrilldiameterselectionin
ordertocompensateroundingerrorsthatpossiblycanariseduringthe
conversionfrommmtoinchandviceversainthedrilltable.
310
or
[GERBERAUTO]
andadd/editinthissectionthelines
Units = mm
Decimals = 4
Inordertochangethedrilltableunitslookfortheline
[EXCELLON]
andchange:
Units = Inch
to
Units = mm
311
diameter
diameter
length
diameter
length-X x width-Y
diameter-X x diameter-Y
UseofapertureshapesintheCAMProcessor:
Draw
draws wires and emulates apertures
Round
draws round pads and vias
Square
draws square pads, SMDs and vias
Octagon
draws octagonal pads and vias with
the same X- and Y-dimensions
Rectangle draws rectangles and SMDs
Oval
draws pads with different X- and
Y-dimensions
Apertureconfigurationfileexample:
D020 round 0.004
D033 round 0.059
D052 square 0.059
D105 oval
0.090 x 0.030
D101 rectangle 0.075 x 0.060
D110 draw
0.004
D111 draw
0.005
The D code determines the tool number, then follows the aperture shape
afteratleastoneblankcharacter,thenthedimensionsaredefined.Allvalues
defaulttoinches,unlessaunitisadded,forexample0.010inor0.8mm.
Commentsaremarkedwithsemicolonsatthebeginningofaline,orwitha
semicolonfollowingablankcharacter.
Aperture Emulation
If objects exist in a drawing which is not compatible with the available
aperturesizes,itispossibletoemulatethedesireddimensionsbyselecting
the Emulate Apertures option. The CAM Processor then selects smaller
aperturestoemulatedimensionswhicharenotmatchedbyaperturesizes.
Emulationresultsinlongerplottimesandhigherfilmcosts,soitshouldbe
avoidedwheneverpossible.
Thefilename.gpiindicateswhichaperturesareemulated.
312
Chapter 10
Appendix
10.1 Layers and their Usage
In Layout and Package Editor
1 Top
2 Route2
3 Route3
4 Route4
5 Route5
6 Route6
7 Route7
8 Route8
9 Route9
10 Route10
11 Route11
12 Route12
13 Route13
14 Route14
15 Route15
16 Bottom
17 Pads
18 Vias
19 Unrouted
20 Dimension
21 tPlace
22 bPlace
23 tOrigins
24 bOrigins
25 tNames
26 bNames
27 tValues
28 bValues
29 tStop
30 bStop
31 tCream
32 bCream
33 tFinish
34 bFinish
35 tGlue
36 bGlue
37 tTest
38 bTest
39 tKeepout
40 bKeepout
41 tRestrict
42 bRestrict
43 vRestrict
44 Drills
313
10 Appendix
45 Holes
46 Milling
47 Measures
48 Document
49 Reference
51 tDocu
52 bDocu
Non-conducting holes
Milling
Measures
Documentation
Reference marks
Detailed top screen print
Detailed bottom screen print
Layers can be used with their names or their numbers. Names can be
changedwiththeLAYERcommandorintheDISPLAYmenu.Thefunctionsof
thespeciallayersremain.
Ifyouwanttocreateyourownlayers,pleaseuselayernumbersabove100.
UsetheDISPLAYmenutocreatenewlayers(Newbutton)ortypetheLAYER
commandonthecommandline.Ifyouwanttocreate,forexample,layer
200,Remarks,typein:
LAYER 200 Remarks
TosetupcolorandfillstyleofthislayerusetheDISPLAYcommand.
314
Where:
Assembly variant
Execute a given EAGLE Command
Draw tolerance (0.1 = 10 %)
Drill tolerance (0.1 = 10 %)
Flash tolerance (0.1 = 10 %)
Suppress message prompts
Optimize pen movement
Plotter pen (layer=pen)
Drill rack file
Script file
Location of eaglerc file
Aperture wheel file
Execute CAM Processor
Positive coordinates
Device (-d? for list)
Emulate apertures
Fill pads
Page height (inch)
Mirror output
Output filename/channel
Pen diameter (mm)
Quick plot
Rotate output 90 degrees
Scale factor
Pen velocity
Rotate output 180 degrees
Page width (inch)
Offset X (inch)
Offset Y (inch)
315
10 Appendix
-e- Aperture Emulation off
Flag options (e.g. -e) can be used without repeating the '-' character:
-em
Aperture emulation on, mirror output
Defining tolerance values:
If there is no sign, the value applies to either direction,
+ signifies a positive tolerance,
- a negative tolerance.
-D0.10 adjusts the draw tolerance to 10 %
-D+0.1 -D-0.05 adjusts the draw tolerance to +10 % and -5 %
Notesontheindividualoptions:
A
Specifythenameofanassemblyvariant
StarttheCAMProcessor(X)withthisoptioninorder
togeneratedataforaspecialassemblyvariant.Ifyoudo
notuseA,EAGLEcreatesdataforthedefaultvariant.
Executeacommand
AfterloadinganEAGLEfilethegivencommandwillbe
executedintheEditorwindow'scommandline.
Seealsohelpfunction,CommandLineOptions.
DrawTolerance(0.1=10%):
Default:0
DrillTolerance(0.1=10%):
Default:0
FlashTolerance(0.1=10%):
Default:0
Suppressmessages:
Thisoptionsuppresseswarningsorotherinformationintheconsole
window(DOSbox,Linuxconsole). ThusCAMjobsrunwithout
interruption.Default:off
RouteOptimizing:
Withthisoptiontherouteoptimizingfortheplottercan
beturnedonandoff.Default:on
PlotterPen(layer=pen):
Ifyouuseacolorpenplotter,youcandeterminewhichlayer
istobedrawninwhichcolor.Example:P1=0P15=1
DrillRackFile:
Withthisoptionyoudefinethepathtoafilewiththedrill
configurationtable.
ScriptFile:
Whenopeningtheeditorwindow,EAGLEexecutesthe
eagle.scrfile.Thisoptionallowsadifferentnameordirectory
tobeselectedforthescriptfile.Thescriptfileisnotreadby
theCAMProcessor.
316
UserSettingsFile:
Thisoptioncanbeusedtodefinethelocationoftheeaglercfile
whereEAGLEstoresusersettings.Thefilecanhaveanyname.
IncaseyouareworkingwithEAGLEbetaversionsandyouwantto
keepthingsseparatefromtheofficialreleases,youshouldstart
EAGLEwiththisoption.
ApertureWheelFile:
Thisoptiondefinesthepathtothewheelfilewhichshould
beused.
CallscommandlineversionoftheCAMProcessor
PositiveCoordinates:
IfthisoptionissettheCAMProcessorcreatesdatawithoutnegative
coordinates.Thedrawingismoved tothezerocoordinates.
Thisoptioncanbeturnedoffwiththeoptionc.
Pleasebecarefulwiththisoption,especiallyifyouusemirrored
androtateddrawings,becausenegativecoordinatesnormally
causeproblems.Default:on
Device:
Thisoptiondeterminestheoutputdriver.
eagle -d? displaysalistoftheavailabledrivers
EmulateApertures:
Ifthisoptionisselected,aperturesthatdonotexistare
emulatedwithsmallerapertures.Default:off
FillPads:
ThisoptioncanonlyworkwithgenericdeviceslikePostscript.
Default:onforalldevices
PageHeight(inch):
Printableregionintheydirection(ininches).TheYdirection
isthedirectioninwhichthepaperistransported.Seealso
thewparameter.
MirrorOutput:
Default:off.
OutputFileName
PenDiameter[mm]:
EAGLEusesthePendiametermeasurementtocalculatethe
numberoflinesrequiredwhenareasaretobefilled.Default:0
QuickPlot:
Generatesadraftorfastoutput,whichonlyprintstheframesof
theobjects.Default:off
RotateOutput:
Rotatestheoutputby90degrees.Default:off
ScaleFactor:
Thosedeviceswhichcannotchangetheirscalefactor(inthe
menuoftheCAMProcessor),haveascalefactorof1.Default:1
317
10 Appendix
u
RotateOutputby180degrees:
Incombinationwithr+onecanrotateby270degrees.Default:off
PenVelocityincm/s:
Thisoptionisforpenplotterssupportingdifferentspeeds.Toselect
aplotter'sdefaultspeed,useavalueof0.Default:0
PageWidth(inch):
Printableareainxdirection.Seealsoh.
OffsetX(Inch):
Thisoptioncanbeusedtomovetheoriginofthedrawing.
Default:0
OffsetY(Inch):
Default:0
Exampleforstartingeaglecon.exe:
eaglecon -X -dgerber -Waperture.whl -oboard.sol -D-0.1
name.brd pad via bottom
ThisgeneratesaGerberfileboard.solwhichcontainsdataofthelayersPads,
Vias,andBottom.Drawaperturesmayhaveanegativetoleranceupto10%.
Allparametershavetobewritteninacommonline!
Pathsthatincludespacecharacters,mustbesetintosinglequotes!
318
'' \
'Fit : Window Fit;' \
Add Delete Move ';' Edit Quit \
;
Thebackslash\attheendofalineshowsthatacommandcontinuesinthe
next line. Here the MENU command runs from the first line after the
commenttothelastline.
Thepipesign|hastobeusedifacommandwithinbraces{}isfollowedby
anothercommand.
The MENU command can handle small images as shown in the example
abovewithdesignlink22.png.Theimagesareexpectedtobeintheeagle/bin
folderbydefault.Itisalsopossibletouseapathwiththeimagename.
Textmenufrommenu.scrintheLayoutEditor
Meaning
Component name (eventually + gate name) 1)
Component value/type 1)
Component name 2)
Gate name
2)
>MODULE
>SHEET
319
10 Appendix
>LAST_DATE_TIME
>PLOT_DATE_TIME
All texts starting with the character >, will be interpreted as placeholder
textsforattributes.SeeATTRIBUTEcommand.
tothefile.
Consistency Check
In order to handle Board/Schematic pairs that have only minor
inconsistencies, theuser canenablea dialog thatallows himtoforce the
editortoperformForward&BackAnnotation,eveniftheERCdetectsthatthe
filesareinconsistent.Thiscanbedonebyappendingtheline:
Erc.AllowUserOverrideConsistencyCheck = "1"
PLEASENOTETHATYOUAREDOINGTHISATYOUROWNRISK!!!
Ifthefilesgetcorruptedintheprocess,theremaybenothinganybody
candotorecoverthem.Afterall,theERCdidstatethatthefileswere
inconsistent!
tothefile.
tothefile.
tothefile.Thiswillturnthisfeatureoffforallcommandsthatdrawwires.
Group Selection
Sincethecontextmenufunctionontherightmousebuttoninterfereswith
theselectionofgroups,agroupisnowselectedwithCtrlplusrightmouse
button.Ifyouwanttohavetheoldmethodofselectinggroupsback,youcan
addtheline
Option.ToggleCtrlForGroupSelectionAndContextMenu = "1"
tothefile.Thiswillallowselectinggroupswiththerightmousebuttononly
andrequireCtrlplusrightmousebuttonforcontextmenus.
thisquerywillbesuppressed.
Thisparameteralsoappliestobusses.
Ifasignalcontainsa polygon,andtheNAMEcommandisappliedtothat
polygon,bydefaultonlythepolygongetsrenamed.Setting
Cmd.Name.RenameEntireSignalByDefault = "1"
makestheNAMEcommandactupontheentiresignalbydefault.
Open Project
The automatic opening of the project folder at program start (or when
activating a project by clicking onto its gray button) can be disabled by
appendingtheline
321
10 Appendix
ControlPanel.View.AutoOpenProjectFolder = "0"
tothefile.
intothefile.Note,though,thattheCtrlkeyisnowusedforspecialfunctions
insomecommands,sowhenusingthesespecialfunctions(likeselectingan
object at its origin in MOVE) with this parameter enabled you may
inadvertentlypanyourdrawingwindow.
Theedgesofpolygonswillbedisplayedascontinuouslinesthen.
Units in Dialogs
Theautomaticunitdeterminationindialoginputfieldscanbecontrolledby
appendingtheline
Interface.PreferredUnit = "x"
tothefile,where"x"canbe
"0"forautomaticunitdetermination(default)
"1"forimperialunits
"2"formetricunits.
322
Paddiameterchanged
InEAGLEversionprior4.0thepaddiameterhasbeenfixedinthePackage
definition.Duetothegiven valuesintheDesign Rulesthepaddiameters
havechanged.
Pleasecheckand,ifrequired,changetheRestringsettings.RuntheDesign
RuleCheckinanyratetorecognizepossibleclearanceerrors.
Updatereport:Objectswiththesamename
TheTextEditorshowsthismessageifyouattempttoloadanolderfile(BRD
orSCH)thatcontainsdifferentversionsofalibraryelement.Inthiscaseit
added @1, @2, @3... to the names of the Devices so that they can be
identified.
ThismessagecanalsoappearifyouuseCOPYandPASTEcommands.
323
10 Appendix
Pad, Via Replaced with a Hole
InolderversionsofEAGLEitwaspossibletodefinepadsinwhichthehole
diameterwaslargerthanthepaddiameter.Thisisnolongerpermitted.
Ifyouattempttoloadalibraryfilethatwascreatedwithanearlierversion
andthatcontainssuchapad,thefollowingmessageappears:
Updatereport:Viareplacedwithhole
The pad or via is automatically converted into a hole, provided it is not
connectedbyCONNECTtoapininoneofthelibrary'sDevices.
Ifthereispadthathasaconnectiontoapin(itisdefinedinthelibrary),the
followingmessageappears:
InthatcasetheLibraryfilemustbemanuallyeditedinordertocorrectthe
pad.Thenyoucanupdatetheboardfilewiththenewlibrarydefinition.
324
Updatereport:Padreplacedwithahole
Updateerror:Fileolderthanversion2.6
Theprogramupdate26.exe,whichislocatedintheeagle/bindirectory,isused
forthispurpose.
325
10 Appendix
Copy the file that is to be converted into the directory containing both
update26.exe and the file layers.new. Then open a DOS window under
Windows,andchangeintothisdirectory.Typethecommand:
update26 dateiname.ext
Thefileisconverted,afterwhichitcanbereadbythenewversionofEAGLE.
Iftheconversionissuccessful,themessageintheDOSboxis:ok...
Ifthemessage Please define replacement for layer xxxinlayers.new should
appear, it means that you have defined your own layers in
layout/schematic/library.
Because of the new layer structure used since version 2.6, a new layer
number(greaterthan100)mustbeassigned.
Thisrequiresyoutoeditthefilelayers.newusingasimpletexteditor,adding,
forexample,anewlayernumberasthelastlineofthefile.
If,forinstance,youhaveusedlayer55,andwanttogiveitnumber105,
enter:
55 105
In a Library
Package/Symbol is in use
IfaPackageorSymbolisalreadyusedinaDevice,nopadsorpinswhichare
alreadyreferencedtoapinorpadwiththehelpoftheCONNECTcomand,
maybedeleted.InsuchacaseEAGLEshowsthefollowingmessages:
ErrorwhileeditingPackageorSymbol
ButitisallowedtoCHANGEorNAMEsuchpinsorpads.It'salsopossibleto
add further pins/pads with the PIN or PAD/SMD command and you are
allowedtoDELETEpins/padswhicharenotreferenced viatheCONNECT
command.
Thismessagealsoappears,ifyoutrytoremovethewholePackage/Symbol
fromthelibrarywiththeREMOVEcommand.Youhavetodeletethewhole
DeviceorthePackagevariantorsymbolintheDevicebefore.
326
Polygonswithwidth0
Thismessageappears,ifyouselectedalayerintheCAMProcessorwhich
containsasignalpolygoninthelayoutwhoselinethicknessislessthanthe
resolutionoftheselectedoutputdriver(Device).
Inordertoavoidunnecessarylargeplotfilesyoushouldassignahighervalue
tothepolygon'slinewidth(CHANGEwidth).
Light/Standardlimits
This message is shown if the limits of the Light, Free Trial or Standard
Editionareexceeded.Thiscanbethecase,forexample,ifyouwanttoplace
apartoutsidetheLayoutsizelimits,ifyouwanttostarttheAutorouter,or
setparametersfortheFollowmerouter,althoughtherearepartsoutsidethe
Layoutlimits,oryouwanttodefineanotallowedinnerlayer.
327
10 Appendix
BYCLICKINGONTHE'YES'OR'AGREE'BUTTONBELOWYOUAGREETO
THETERMSOFTHISLICENSE(INCLUDINGTHERELEVANTSCHEDULES
TOIT)WHICHWILLBINDYOUANDANYONEWHOUSESTHECOPYOF
EAGLELICENSEDTOYOU. IFYOUDONOTAGREETOTHETERMSOF
THISLICENSE,WEAREUNWILLINGTOLICENSETHESOFTWARETOYOU.
YOUSHOULDNOTINTHISEVENTCLICKTHE'YES'OR'AGREE'BUTTON
ANDTHEINSTALLATIONPROCESSWILLNOTCONTINUE..
1.GRANTANDSCOPEOFLICENSE
1.1InconsiderationofyouragreeingtoabidebythetermsofthisLicense,
theLicensorherebygrantstoyouanonexclusive,nontransferablelicenseto
usetheSoftwareandtheDocumentationonthetermsofthisLicense.
1.2ThetermsonwhichyouarelicensedtousetheSoftwarevaryaccording
totheeditionlicensedtoyou.PleaseseetheSchedulestothisLicenseforany
termsapplicabletotheSoftwareeditionlicensedtoyouwhichareinaddition
tooramendthosesetoutbelow.TheSchedule relevant totheeditionof
EAGLElicensedtoyou(ineachcasethe'ApplicableSchedule')willformpart
ofthisLicense.Intheeventofanyconflictbetweenconditions1to14ofthis
LicenseandtheprovisionsoftheApplicableSchedule,theprovisionsofthe
ApplicableSchedulewillprevail.
1.3Youmay:
(a)usetheSoftwareforyourpurposesonly,either:
(i)ononecomputeriftheLicenseisasingleuserlicenseortheSoftwareis
forsingleuse;or
(ii)iftheLicenseisamultiuserlicense,bythenumberofconcurrentusers
agreedbetweenyouandus
provided that, in either case and save where prohibited in the Applicable
Schedule,theSoftwaremaybeinstalledonmorethanonecomputerorfile
serversimultaneouslyprovidedthatitisnotusedconcurrentlyonmorethan
thenumberofcomputersforwhichuseislicensedinaccordancewith(i)or
(ii)above,whicheverisappropriate.
(b)transfertheSoftwarefromonecomputertoanotherprovideditisused
onlyonthenumberofcomputersforwhichuseislicensedinaccordancewith
condition1.3(a);
(c)makeuponecopyoftheSoftwareforbackuppurposesonly,provided
thatthisisnecessaryfortheactivitiespermittedundercondition2.1;
(d)receiveanduseanyfreesupplementarysoftwarecodeorupdateofthe
Software incorporating "patches" and corrections of errors as may be
providedbyusfromtimetotime;
(e)useanyDocumentationinsupportoftheusepermittedundercondition
1.2..
2.LICENSEE'SUNDERTAKINGS
328
329
10 Appendix
3.SUPPORT
As any support provided for the Software is provided free of charge, we
provide only such support forit as we see fitand thatsupport may vary
according to the edition of the Software licensed to you. The extent of
supportprovided(ifany)isdetailedonourwebsiteorthoseofourassociated
companies.Wereservetherighttochangethesupportprovidedorthemeans
bywhichitmaybeaccessedorremovethesupportaltogetheratanytime
withoutnotice.
4.INTELLECTUALPROPERTYRIGHTS
4.1YouacknowledgethatallintellectualpropertyrightsintheSoftwareand
theDocumentationanywhereintheworldbelongtotheLicensor,thatrights
intheSoftwarearelicensed(notsold)toyou,andthatyouhavenorightsin,
orto,theSoftwareortheDocumentationotherthantherighttousethemin
accordancewiththetermsofthisLicense.
4.2YouacknowledgethatyouhavenorighttohaveaccesstotheSoftwarein
sourcecodeformorinunlockedcodingorwithcomments.
4.3 The integrity of this Software is protected by technical protection
measures(TPM)sothattheintellectualpropertyrights,includingcopyright,
in the Software of the Licensor are not misappropriated. You must not
attemptinanywaytoremoveorcircumventanysuchTPM,norapplyor
manufactureforsaleorhire,import,distribute,sellorletforhire,offeror
exposeforsaleorhire,advertiseforsaleorhireorhaveinyourpossession
forprivateorcommercialpurposesanymeansthesoleintendedpurposeof
whichistofacilitatetheunauthorisedremovalorcircumventionofsuchTPM.
5.LIMITEDWARRANTY
5.1Furtherdetailsastotheextentofanywarrantyapplicabletotheedition
oftheSoftwarelicensedtoyouareassetoutintheSchedulerelevanttothat
edition.
5.2 Save as may be set out in the Applicable Schedule, we make no
representationorwarrantyastothesuitabilityorfitnessforpurposeofthe
Software,whetheryourpurposeoranyotherandregardlessofwhetherthat
purposehasbeendisclosedtousandsaveasabove,wemakenowarranties
or representations as to the Software or the Documentation or as to the
performance, accuracy, quality, condition, completeness, compliance with
statement or description of either of them and all such warranties and
representationsareexcludedtothefullestextentpermittedbylaw.
5.3Youacknowledgethat:
(a) the Software has not been developed to meet your individual
requirements,andthatitisthereforeyourresponsibilitytoensurethatthe
facilitiesandfunctionsoftheSoftware asdescribedintheDocumentation
meetyourrequirements;and
330
10 Appendix
7.TERMINATION
7.1TheLicensormayterminatethisLicenseimmediatelybywrittennoticeto
youifyoucommitamaterialorpersistentbreachofthisLicensewhichyou
fail to remedy (if remediable) within 14 days after the service of written
noticerequiringyoutodoso.
7.2Uponterminationforanyreason:
(a)allrightsgrantedtoyouunderthisLicenseshallcease;
(b)youmustceaseallactivitiesauthorisedbythisLicense;and
(c)youmustimmediatelydeleteorremovetheSoftwarefromallcomputer
equipment in your possession, and immediately destroy or return to the
Licensor(attheLicensor's option)allcopiesoftheSoftware theninyour
possession,custodyorcontroland,inthecaseofdestruction,certifytothe
Licensorthatyouhavedoneso.
8.TRANSFEROFRIGHTSANDOBLIGATIONS
8.1ThisLicenseisbindingonyouandus,andonourrespectivesuccessors
andassigns.
8.2Youmaynottransfer,assign,chargeorotherwisedisposeofthisLicense,
oranyofyourrightsorobligationsarisingunderit,withoutourpriorwritten
consent.
8.3Wemaytransfer,assign,charge,subcontractorotherwisedisposeofthis
License, or any of our rights or obligations arising under it, at any time
duringthetermoftheLicense.
9.NOTICES
AllnoticesgivenbyyoutousmustbegiventoCadSoftComputerGmbHat
Pleidolfweg 15, Pleiskirchen, Germany. We may give notice to you in
accordancewiththeApplicableSchedule.Noticewillbedeemedreceivedand
properlyservedimmediatelywhenpostedontheWebsitesoranyofthem,24
hoursafteranemailissent,orthreedaysafterthedateofpostingofany
letter.Inprovingtheserviceofanynotice,itwillbesufficienttoprove,inthe
caseofaletter,thatsuchletterwasproperlyaddressed,stampedandplaced
inthepostand,inthecaseofanemail,thatsuchemailwassenttothe
specifiedemailaddressoftheaddressee.
10.EVENTSOUTSIDEOURCONTROL
10.1Wewillnotbeliableorresponsibleforanyfailuretoperform,ordelay
in performance of, any of our obligations under this License or any
unavailabilityoftheSoftwarethatiscausedbyeventsoutsideourreasonable
control(ForceMajeureEvent).
332
333
10 Appendix
13.2Weeachacknowledgethat,inenteringintothisLicense,neitherofus
hasreliedonanyrepresentation,undertakingorpromisegivenbytheother
orbeimpliedfromanythingsaidorwritteninnegotiationsbetweenusprior
toenteringintothisLicenseexceptasexpresslystatedinthisLicense.
13.3Neitherofusshallhaveanyremedyinrespectofanyuntruestatement
madebytheother,whetherorallyorinwriting,priortothedateweentered
intothisLicense(unlesssuchuntruestatementwasmadefraudulently)and
theotherparty'sonlyremedyshallbeforbreachofcontractasprovidedin
thesetermsandconditions.
14.LAWANDJURISDICTION
ThisLicense,itssubjectmatteroritsformation(includingnoncontractual
disputesorclaims)shallbegovernedbyandconstruedinaccordancewith
GermanlawandsubmittedtothenonexclusivejurisdictionoftheGerman
courts.
SCHEDULE1
CONDITIONS APPLICABLE TO THE LIGHT, STANDARD AND
PROFESSIONAL EDITIONS OF EAGLE (TOGETHER WITH ANY OTHER
COMMERCIALEDITIONOFEAGLEISSUEDBYUSFROMTIMETOTIMETO
WHICHTHEFOLLOWINGSCHEDULESDONOTAPPLY)
1ReferenceinthisSchedule1totheSoftwareisreferencetothecommercial
editionofEAGLElicensedtoyou.
2 The Licensor warrants that for a period of 30 days from the date of
installation ('Warranty Period') the Software will, when properly used,
perform substantially in accordance with the functions described in the
Documentation(providedthattheSoftwareisproperlyusedonthecomputer
andwiththeoperatingsystemforwhichitwasdesigned,asspecifiedbyus)
andtheDocumentationcorrectlydescribestheoperationoftheSoftwarein
allmaterialrespects.
3If,withintheWarrantyPeriod,younotifytheLicensorinwritingofany
defectorfaultintheSoftware inconsequenceofwhichitfailstoperform
substantiallyinaccordancewiththeDocumentation,andsuchdefectorfault
does not result from you having amended the Software or used it in
contraventionofthetermsofthisLicense,theLicensorwill,atitssoleoption,
eitherrepairorreplacetheSoftware,providedthatyoumakeavailableall
theinformationthatmaybenecessary tohelptheLicensortoremedythe
defect or fault, including sufficient information to enable the Licensor to
recreatethedefectorfault.
4 Subject to condition 6.1 and 6.2 of the License above, the Licensor's
maximumaggregateliabilityunderorinconnectionwiththisLicense,orany
collateral contract, whether in contract, tort (including negligence) or
otherwise,shallbelimitedtoasumequaltotheamountreceivedbyusby
wayoflicensefeefortheSoftware.
334
10 Appendix
(i) the suitability or fitness for purpose of the Software, whether your
purpose or any other and regardless of whether that purpose has been
disclosedtous;
(ii)theperformanceorfunctionalityoftheSoftware,whetherinaccordance
with any statements made, materials published or the Documentation or
otherwise;
(iii) the availability or functionality of any server or system to allow
registrationfor,downloadorcommunicationwiththeSoftware;
(iv) whether the Software infringes theintellectual property rights of any
thirdpartyanywhereintheworld.
6YoufurtheracknowledgethattheSoftwarewillnotoperatewithoutaccess
to the internet, such that the Software is able to communicate with our
servers,andthatitisyourresponsibilitytoensurethatyouhavesuchaccess
atalltimeswhenstartingtheSoftware;andthatthataccessisadequateand
uninterruptedthroughoutthestartupprocess.
7NoticeinconnectionwiththisLicensemaybegivenbyustoyouateither
theemailorpostaladdressyouprovidedtousorourrepresentativewhen
registering to receive the Software or by displaying such notice on our
websiteorthatofanyofourassociatedcompaniesorundertakingsorany
otherwebsite(s)onwhichwemaketheSoftwareavailable.
SCHEDULE3
CONDITIONSAPPLICABLETOTHEFREEWAREEDITIONONLY
1ReferenceinthisSchedule3totheSoftwareisreferencetotheFreeware
editionofEAGLE.
2AlllicensesoftheFreewareeditionareforsingleuseonly.
3TheFreeware editionislicensed foruseforevaluationornotforprofit
purposesonly.'Evaluation'allowsyoutousetheSoftwareinacommercial
environmentbutpurelyforthepurposesofevaluatingthefunctionalityand
suitabilityforyourpurposesoftheSoftware.'Notforprofit'allowsyoutouse
theSoftwareforpersonaluseorinthecourseofyourstudiesifyouarein
educationorforanyothernotforprofitaim.InnocasemusttheSoftwarebe
used in order to generate revenue (whether directly or by way of costs
savings).TheFreewareeditionmayalsobeusedbyaPCBmanufacturerto
determine productiondata necessary forthemanufacture ofaPCBwhere
thatPCBmanufacturerhasbeencommissionedbythethirdpartydesignerof
thatPCBtoproduceaPCBtothatdesignonhisorherbehalf.
4YouacknowledgethattheSoftwareislicensedtoyoufreeofchargeand
thataccordinglywemakenorepresentationorwarrantyasto:
(i) the suitability or fitness for purpose of the Software, whether your
purpose or any other and regardless of whether that purpose has been
disclosedtous;
(ii)theperformanceorfunctionalityoftheSoftware,whetherinaccordance
with any statements made, materials published or the Documentation or
336
337
10 Appendix
This
page
hasbeen
leftfree
intentionally.
338
Index
A
Action toolbar
50, 53
Addlevel
258
Always
266, 267
Can
266
Must
266
Next
266
Request
266
Airwire
22
Calculate
76
Display/hide
76
Alias
97
Deleting
98
Alpha blending
108
Alt-X
44, 64
Aperture
311
Aperture File
286
Attributes
Defining
61, 128, 261
External device
265
For elements
129
Global
128
Search
117
VALUE
256
Automatic Naming
99
Autorouter
76
Backup
213
Blind vias
175
Bus router
199
Continue existing job
208
Control file, ctl
216
Control parameter
208
Controlling
198
Cost factors
208
Cutout polygon
204
Design rules
200
Features
197
Hints
217
Information
213
Interruption
213
Layer selection
202
Load settings
206
Log file
215
Memory requirement
202
Menu
205
Micro via
212
Min. distance, clearance
200
197
34
202
200
199
200
211
212
203, 205
208
203
211
201
199
206
206
217
218
213
199
200
202, 203
B
Background color
Backup files
Beep
Bill of material
Blind via
Blind via ratio
Blind, Buried via
Bmp file
Board
Arrange components
Attributes, global
Creating
Cut-out
Cutouts
Design Rules
Draw outline
Layer setup
Lock component
Multilayer
Multiple board
Placement grid
Prior considerations
Quotation
108
46, 314
110
290
22
147
174
102
155
158
153
272
155
144
154
145
71
172
192
153
143
285
339
Index
Routing manually
Board Manufacture
Bubble help
Buried via
Bus
End automatically
Naming
161
285
48, 51
22
111
125, 321
C
CAM Job
Define drill job
Description
Excellon.cam
Extending gerber.cam
gerb274x.cam
gerber.cam
Output parameter
CAM Processor
Assembly variants
Choose pen number
Component side
Cream frame
Creating device driver
Drill data
EPS output
Error: Apertures missing
Error: Drills missing
Extremely large plot data
File extensions
Fill Pads
Finish mask
Glue mask
HPGL
Inner layer
Job
Load job file
Milling contours
Plotter
Pos. Coords.
PostScript
Prompt
Save time and money
Section name
Silk screen
Solder stop
Start
Start from batch
Tolerance
UNC notation
Vias
340
308
306
295
306
294
297
302
84
293
303
298
299
309
287, 300
289
307
309
327
301
303
299
299
103
298
305
85
299
303
303
289
297
293
304
299
299
53, 85
315
304
303
301
Caption
Circle
Filled
Clearance
Cmd key
Color
Background
Settings
Command
Activating
Language
Line
Parameters
Text menu
Toolbar
Commands
ADD
ARC
ASSIGN
ATTRIBUTE
AUTO
BOARD
BUS
CHANGE
CIRCLE
CLASS
CLOSE
CONNECT
COPY
CUT
DELETE
DESCRIPTION
DIMENSION
DISPLAY
DRC
EDIT
ERC
ERRORS
EXPORT
FRAME
GATESWAP
GRID
GROUP
HELP
HOLE
INFO
INVOKE
JUNCTION
LABEL
LAYER
LOCK
MARK
MEANDER
MENU
190
268
146
91
48
107
87
91
50, 87
52
318
51
58, 70, 82, 231
60, 74
62, 89, 105
61, 75, 83
76
53, 153
60, 125
57, 70, 83, 227
60, 74, 91, 94
62, 123
62
83, 232, 253
56, 69, 276
62
57, 70
80, 84
61, 75
55, 67, 97
76, 166
63, 79, 116
62, 76, 131
77, 167
63, 91, 101
63, 270
58, 232
52
57, 69
51
75, 88, 268
55, 67, 148
59, 118
61, 121
61, 121
63, 314
71
56, 68, 278
72, 185
63, 105
Index
MIRROR
56, 69, 88, 158, 272
MITER
59, 72
MODULE
62
MOVE
56, 68, 88
NAME
58, 71, 83
NET
61, 120
OPEN
64
OPTIMIZE
72
PACKAGE
64, 83, 274
PAD
80, 224
PASTE
57, 70, 135
PIN
95, 228
PINSWAP
58, 71
POLYGON
60, 74, 163
PORT
62
PREFIX
83, 233
PRINT
64, 189
QUIT
64
RATSNEST
76
RECT
60, 74
REDO
54
REMOVE
64, 79, 116, 282
RENAME
79, 282
REPLACE
58, 71, 160
RIPUP
73, 162
ROTATE
57, 69, 156, 277
ROUTE
72, 161
RUN
53
SCRIPT
53, 100
SET
64, 105, 320
SHOW
55, 67
SIGNAL
75
SMASH
59, 71, 118, 157
SMD
80, 224, 243
SPLIT
59, 72
TECHNOLOGY
64, 83, 255
TEXT
60, 73
UNDO
54
UPDATE
65, 182, 283
USE
53, 235
VALUE
58, 71, 83, 233
VARIANT
65
VIA
75, 88, 180
WINDOW
53
WIRE
59, 73
WRITE
65
Component
Add from library
58
Attribute
129
Changing Technology
160
Copying by Drag&Drop
280
Create symbol
227
Creating
82, 223
Cross-reference
269
Description
227
Editing
182
External
265
Keepout
227
Labeling
226
Lock
71
Name
226
On both sides
158
On bottom side
224, 272
Output list
101
Package editor
226
Placement grid in board
153
Prefix
233
Replace device
160
Replace package
158
Replacing
58
Rotation
156
Searching
116
Separate name/value
59, 71
Update
182
Value
58, 71, 226
Without package
265
Configuration
Commands
105
eagle.scr
112
eaglerc, eaglerc.usr
113, 320
Location of eaglerc
317
of EAGLE
105
User interface
105
Connector
267
Consistency
Check
62, 76, 104, 131
Indicator
196
Loss of c.
193
Contact cross reference
>CONTACT_XREF
122
>XREF
269
Context menu
43, 88
Configure
106
Control Panel
39
Options menu
45
Search in tree
45
Control parameters
208
Coordinates
Display
50, 56, 68
Entering
93
Modifier
95
Polar
94, 278
Relative
94, 278
Select group
95
Copper plane
163
Copying SCH/BRD
134
Core
22, 174
Cost factors
208
341
Index
Cream mask
Cross reference
For contacts
For nets
Specify format
Ctrl key
Current units
Cursor appearance
Cutout-Polygon
151
122, 269
61, 121
123
91
96
48
173
D
Data output
Date/time stamp
Delete
All signals
Wire bend
Design Rule Check
Approve errors
Correcting errors
Fonts
Meaning of errors
Restricted areas
Show errors
Wire styles
Design Rules
Clearance
Definition
Layer setup
Options
Restring
Designlink interface
Desktop Publishing
Device
Assign Package
Attributes
Build Device Set
Copying
Creating
Delete
Description
Driver
Editing
External
Gate names
Open/Edit
Placeholder in name
Prefix
Remove from LBR
342
85
271
101
70
22, 76
169
166
153
169
153
77
172
42, 144
146
76
146
145
147
120
289
22
232
261
251
280
231
78
234
309
79, 81
265
232, 252
182
251
233
282
Rename
Replacing
Technologies
Value on/off
Device Set
Differential Pair
Dimensioning
Directories
Distance
Documentation
Export image
Print
Documentation field
Drag&Drop
Draw lines
Drawing area
Alias
Display last
Panning
Drawing frame
Drawing name
DRC
See Design Rule Check
Drill
Diameter
Legend
Non-plated
Plan
Plated
Symbols
Drill data
Blind/buried vias
Configuration file
drillcfg.ulp
Error: Drills missing
EXCELLON
EXCELLON_RACK
Info file
Leading zeros
Multilayer boards
Rack
Separate rack file
SM1000
SM1000/SM3000
SM3000
Tolerance
Units
Dxf data export
78
58, 160
255
83, 233
22
183
75
45
147
40, 290
102
225
271
39
59
98
54
53
116, 270
271
22
166
22
268
292
287
291
287
292
287
301
308
308
309
287
308
309
310
301
308
308
288
308
288
309
311
103
Index
E
eagle.def
309, 311
eagle.epf
114
eagle.scr
112
eaglecon.exe
315
eaglerc, eaglerc.usr
113, 317, 320
Edition
Light
37
Professional
34
Standard
36
Electrical Rule Check
22, 62, 131
Approve errors
132
Electrical schematic
269
Electrical Schematic
122
Elongation
150
Encapsulated PostScript
289
Environment variable
46
ERC
22
Error messages
CAM Processor
327
Correcting
166
DRC - Meaning of
169
File prior version 2.60
325
In a library
326
Loading a file
323
excellon.cam
308
Exclamation mark
196
Exit program
44
Expert options
320
Export
Libraries
103
Export data
100
F
Fiducials
File
Backup
Edit
Import
Load SCH/BRD query
New
Open
Print
293
314
63
135
321
43
44, 53
53
Save
53
Film Generation
289
Fixing hole
268
Follow-me Router
22, 218
Font
Checking
153, 171
No vector error
170
Persistent in drawing
47
Typeface
60, 73
Vector
47
Forbidden area
160
Forward&Back Annotation
22, 104
Consistency indicator
196
Consistency lost
193
Free Trial
37
Function keys
62, 89, 105
G
Gate
Hidden supply
Name
Place particular
Gateswap
Gerber
Extending gerber.cam
Fixed aperture wheel
Units
Gerber device
RS-274D
RS274X
Gerber output
Aperture configuration
Aperture types
Arc
Draw aperture
Emulate aperture
Emulation
Error: Apertures missing
Flash aperture
GERBER
gerber.cam
GERBERAUTO
Info files
Messages gerber.cam
Resolution
Wheel
Wheel, example file
Gestures
22, 251
118
251
59
126
306
311
311
286
286
312
312
304
312
304
312
307
312
297
297
297
307
297
286
311
312
48
343
Index
GND symbol
Graphic format
Graphics data
Import
Grid
Alias definition
Alternative grid
Check
Menu
Min. visible size
Pad placement
Group
Define
Move
Move to sheet
Rotate
260
102
104
96
98
96
153
96
111
224
57, 69
56
56
277
H
Help function
Hierarchical Schematic
Hierarchy
Part names in Layout
History function
Hole
Diameter
Min. diameter
HOME variable
Hyperlinks
In descriptions
49, 51
136
141
88
23
268
147
46
234
I
Icons
Classic Style
5.6Import
ACCEL-ASCII
In-circuit tester
Inner layer
Installation
Internet connection
Invalid Polygon
344
48
100
101
290
172
25
120
170
J
Job
Junction
Set automatically
297, 305
111
K
Keepout
170, 227
L
Language setting
31
Layer
Abuse
170
Alias definition
97
Available
106
Creating
63
Display/hide
55, 67
Hide unused
106
Inner
172
Qty. of signal layers
145
Setup
145, 173, 175
Stack
23, 174
Thickness
146, 176
Usage
313
Layout Editor
33, 66
Layout Editor
Description
154
Length Balance
185
Length tolerance
186
Library
Attributes
261
Composition of your own
282
Copy elements
279
Copying by Drag&Drop
280
Create new
237
Description
235
Device creating
231
Device without package
265
Export
103
Extracting
182
Important comments
21
List contents
101
Open
64
Output script file
102
Index
Package creating
Package variants
Remove element
Rename element
Search for elements
Summary
Symbol creating
Table of contents
Update
Update Package
Updating older files
Use
Library Editor
License
Extending
Multiple Users
New Installation
License agreement
Light edition
Line
Type
Logo import
224
252
282
282
116
40
227
78
182
282
29
41, 53
77
29
30
25
327
34
24
73
104
M
Magnetic pads
Meander
Menu
Configure Text menu
Contents parameter menu
Menu bar
Merge SCH/BRD
Message
Automatic confirmation
Micro Via
Definition
Restring, diameter
Set in SMD
Milling
Contour
Cutout in board
Prototype board
Milling machine
Module
Prefix for instance
Module instance
Port
Module sheets
162
185
318
106
50
134
107
23, 181
147
181
272
155
288
288
23
138
23
139
Order
Modules
Assembly variants
Mounting hole
Mouse click
Right click
Mouse keys
Mouse wheel zoom
Multi-channel device
Multilayer boards
4-Layer
6-Layer
8-Layer
Blind, Buried vias
Through vias
Via display
139
142
75, 268
93
95
65
48
135
172
175
177
179
174
173
175
N
Name
Automatic naming
Forbidden characters
Length
Net
Connection point
Cross reference
Naming
Net classes
Netlist
Netscript
99
99
99
23
61
61, 121
321
123
101
101
O
Object
Move
Properties
Show properties
Oblong holes
Offset
Output
Drawing
Image
56, 68
55, 67
48
272
141
63, 64
102
345
Index
P
Package
Arbitrary pad shape
Assigning
Changing
Copying
Creating new variant
Delete
Delete variant
Description
Editing
In use
New
Open/Edit
Radial pad arrangement
Remove from LBR
Rename
Rename variant
Replacing
Rotation
Search for P.
Update in LBR
Variants
Pad
Appearance in Editor
Arbitrary shapes
Aspect ratio
Automatic naming
Change shape
Diameter
Diameter in inner layer
Display mode
Display name in board
First
Form
Layer color
Magnetic pads
Oblong hole
Offset pad
Radial arrangement
Restring, Diameter
Shapes
Solder stop mask
Stop flag
Thermals flag
Palette
Panelize boards
Panning
Parameter toolbar
Parts list
Paste buffer
346
23
273
232
159
276, 279
274
78
275
227
79
326
80
182
278
282
78, 282
252
71
277
117
281
252
23
151
273
150
99
227
224
149
111
111, 239
150, 238
150
151
162
272
150
278
147
238
151
239
151, 238
108
192
53
50, 52
101, 290
62
Path specifications
Pbm file
PDF output
Pgm file
Photoplotters
Pick-and-place data
Pin
Automatic naming
Connection point
Direction
Function
Inverted signal
Labeling
Length
Name
Orientation
Properties
Same names
Superimposed
Swap
Visible
Pin/Pad connection
Pin/Pad list
Pinswap
Placeholder
For attributes
>CONTACT_XREF
>DRAWING_NAME
>GATE
>LAST_DATE_TIME
>MODULE
>NAME
>PART
>PLOT_DATE_TIME
>SHEET
>SHEET_TOTAL
>SHEETNR
>SHEETNR_TOTAL
>SHEETS
>SHEETS_TOTAL
>VALUE
Placeholder texts
Plated-through hole
Png file
Polar coords.
Polygon
Calculation on/off
Cutout
Invalid
Isolate
Naming
46
102
191
102
311
290
23
99
121, 230
229
228
248
229
229
230
228
228
258
134
58, 71
229
232, 254
101
126
264
122, 271
271
265
271
319
230, 265
265
271
271
319
271
319
271
319
230, 265
319
75
102
278
111
75
165
165
321
Index
Orphans
165
Outline mode after Ratsnest
166
Pour
164
Rank
164
Restricted area
173
Spacing
165
Thermal connector width
165
Thermals
165
Width
164
Port
23
Direction
139
Eigenschaften ndern
141
Export bus
139
Port definition
139
PostScript
289
Power supply
127
Ppm graphic file
102
Prefix
83
Prepreg
23, 174
Print out
Date/time
271
Drawing
189
Options
190
Page limit
190
PDF file
191
Printing
64
Product information
49
Product registration
49
Professional edition
34
Project
Close
44
Create new
43, 114
Directory
45
Edit Description
43
File, eagle.epf
114
Mangement
42
Open recent p.
44
Prototype Manufacture
288
Proxy server
120
R
Rack file
Ratsnest
Registration
Relative coords.
Relay
23, 308
23
49
278
266
Repetition points
Restricted area
Cutout polygon
For components
Inner layer
Restring
RGB value
Roundness
Rubber band
93
160, 268
74
227
164, 173
23, 147
107
149
22
S
Schematic
Checking
Create sheet
Creating
Delete sheet
Draw nets
Drawing frame
Duplicate section
Editor
Global attributes
Grid
Hierarchical sch.
Merge different
More than one sheet
New sheet
Points to note
Remove sheet
Sheet preview
Sheet preview on/off
Sort sheets
Various supply voltages
Script files
Comments
defaultcolors.scr
Syntax
Search in Libraries
Select factor
Selecting objects
Serial number
Sheet
Delete
Max. number of
New
Sorting
Signal
Differential Pair
Display name
131
53
115
64
120
116
134
33
128
116
136
134
133
116
134
53
51
133
133
127
100
101
110
90
116
111
65
49
116
33
116
51, 133
23
183
161
347
Index
Length
185
Measuring length
186
Silkscreen
225
SMD
Arbitrary shapes
273
Automatic naming
99
Cream flag
244
Define size
243
Parameter
224
Placement
243
Round shape
243
Roundness
149
Solder cream mask
151
Solder stop mask
151
Stop flag
244
Thermals flag
151, 244
Snap length
111
Solder cream mask
151
Special characters
99
Standard edition
34
Status line
51
Stop frame
151
Superimposed pins
134
Supply
Addlevel for gates
266
Autorouting supply layer
212
Invisible pins
257
Layer with polygons
172
Symbol
23, 127, 260
Various voltages
127
Voltages
257
Swaplevel
58, 126, 230
Symbol
24
Copying
279
Creating
227
Delete
78
Description
230
Editing
79, 80
In use
326
Labeling
265
New
81
Open/Edit
182
Power supply
249
Remove from LBR
282
Rename
78
T
Technologies
348
255
Technology
Changing
160
Termination
Of command
54
Text
Alignment
60
Bar over text
99
Change size
60, 73
Editor
86
Font
60, 73
HTML text
227
In copper layer
294
Inverted in copper layer
74
Menu
63, 105, 318
Min. visible size
111
Ratio
226
Separate from component
157
Special characters
99
Spin flag
156
Upside down
157, 240
Variables
271, 319
Vertical t.
48
Thermal symbol
In polygon
165, 172
In supply layer
151
Tif graphic file
102
Title bar
50
Tool tips
51
TopRouter
199
Track
Bend mode
163
Decompose
162
Delete all
70
Min. width
147
Set width automatically
111
Smooth wire bends
163
Tree view
Extended mode
45
Update
45
U
UNC notation
Undo buffer
Undo/redo
list
Unsmash texts
Update
Check for Update
31
110
54
72
49
Index
designlink-lbr.ulp
User guidance
User interface
User Interface
Classic icon style
User Language
User Language Program
bom.ulp
Calculate milling contour
designlink-order.ulp
dif40.ulp
drill-legend.ulp
drillcfg.ulp.
dxf.ulp
fabmaster.ulp
gencad.ulp
List of all
mill-outlines.ulp
mount.ulp
mountsmd.ulp
outlines.ulp
pcb-service.ulp
Start ULP
unidat.ulp
120
48
47
48
24, 103
290
288
120
290
292
302
103
290
290
42
288
290
290
288
285
53
290
V
Value
Placeholder text in package
Placeholder text in symbol
V. for Device
V. is always Device name
Warning
Variable
$EAGLEDIR
$HOME
Variant
Creating new
Delete
Using modified one
Vector font
Checking
Via
Appearance in Editor
240
248
255
321
320
46
46
274
275
276
47
153
24
151
Blind
174
Blind via ratio
147, 181
Buried
174
Diameter display with INFO
148
Diameter in inner layer
149
Layer color
151
Length
180
Limit
152
Micro via
175, 181
Restricted area
161
Restring, Diameter
147
Shape in inner layer
150
Solder stop
152
Thermal symbol
151
W
Wheel file
Wheel mouse
Legacy wheel mode
Window
Fetch into foreground
Menu
Number
Store position
Wire
Bend mode
Style
24
48
48
90
49
49
48
24
163
73
X
Xbm graphic file
Xpm graphic file
XREF label
102
102
122
Z
Zoom factor limit
Zoom in/out
48
53
349