Basic Sentences and

Essential Vocabulary
In Daily Life1

dhnnzruauirn EN

101

dzr~um$u~iluuard~n'dit6~1u~imds::~i3'~

( ~ a s i cSentences and Essential Vocabulary in Daily Life) ~ ~ u H ~ ~ % , ~ ~ ~ u u u M ~ ~ . I : : u ? u

~ai&giumwi~n~wduu'n~nw~d~~~im~~naiai?aiaouu~i~nuin'uziudit

~ouiMliuutilu3arujCulu~uamirn~n~~~~1d
ciimrnduu?aitnutdu~auum R i R m ~ i ~ i s mz.q~u
d
aI=imlnaBmb 'hlnra'
ds::nouni.niuunisnou?m EN 101 miuttmi W.R.2514 P U ~ ~ ~ J Q&t~u(liim
~UYU

dn.r.r?mriiuintiucd.ru u ~ t d m o i n m m ~ r n n i w i ~ u n q w ~ t n r n i w i ~ ~ ~ m ~ " l i ~ i ~ ~ u n
diud~uaR'ngmz~H'twuiraunommEiDuiiUq~n~~t~~rn~u$tTuuuouuci3nuiCu
vo

d'

nuhacu
iiu~~~ut3~u~nutuo~ittn::dz::1ummsoun~u1mz~~~s'iuds~0unw"urrgiu
niw~ojn~wif'unum
zau&~~d&urrgiudiu
7 Ch~u~mdsrBiiu
d'
~inumruoudizitdud~rdni~t~uu~~~n'tta::~msuns'iudz::~um~u~iu~~nda
d d
#IJ 7 dCmui~intzounliiau~~11ueu'u~odz::tnndiu
7 ~~au'ttuuZnH'.nuaoud7
~ l i t t a ~ s u n < i u m u ~ a u i n ~ o i n12" u~no~iludauniuaduund
12 iF;nwcurtr~u

duariuninkunlun~saoudniunifi $t3~~utu~a~~rhtmu2niimn"~
2 qn n u &
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a h ~udauIn~n~iuniu~auinzoi~~dnrun
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mnu~6iul?uinsdtdonis~3uu~nizqm
mzhu anrnizt~uuluzr~ungua~dold
~t3iiari~m~zrh~tuuAnCmqnttuuAnCm
unrms~~taaduri7utdu~au
dizitdudfl@uu 3 nu l o
za.i'a3 vraiaud 8uuund 1 - 4
sa.ms.kan t v k w i h thur~nd5 - 8
d
sa.ms.srfim nsYwu'roun 14umunn 9 12
$t~uuaououqru~cul~~zu'Qnn'iu~~ouni~'5~~niwio'unqw~~~r:niwi~~a
ad'
a: w ,
n I ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ r d ~ ~ d ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ zaunu
~ u orruhar@dautdua
f i ~ i t n ' ~ ~ ~ R ~ i ~
hqniiu

sa. w"?r wwa1as6

sa. ns. ~ Y Q Q ~~I i s w l i h
sa. ~ 1 9 . s z G nwYwilaun
~
10 nsnginxl 2 5 5 1

1.3 W O & S ~ ~ ~ U ~ U
uuu3nGfiiYiuun

d
YMM 2 d 1 ~ 1 1 1 6 1(DetkrminersJ
~1~

2.1 IIhKltu9!fll514 ~rticlea, an,the

2.2 Demonstratives:this, these, that, those
2.3 Possessives: my, our, your, his, her, its, their (LL% Tom's)
2.4 diJiwGiuirnrnn4d?um ~xpressiomof Quantity)
LLYuitlnCfiP2(7uun
d

'I I M ~

3 dinrr~uirr(Pronouns)

( a d s ofpronoun)
3.1 dsarnnu~~dinsrwuiu
?\

fll5%#t755W~lU
one, ones
d I2

3.2 dinrmuiun'lusanir (Indefinite Pronouns)

IGUIJ~UU

3.3

ni~14di1~11diCl
Determinefs

Pronouns

dinr rnum~ldi5wda
irr (Interrogative Pronouns)

3.4 d5:I?l.4%~155~
U'IU(Relative Pronouns)
LY
3.5 dinsrwwiurrawi~(Dem~mtrati~ePr~n~uns)

und 4 diqt~&td
(~djectives)
4.1 8f1tl(U1~84dlq(Uhd
4.2 d 5 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ 1 ~ ( U i h l of
d (Adjective)
Kinds
4.3 rnr~irdi~~~~dtuordiq~a"wM'
(orden of Adjective)
~ 1 ' U l used
~ as nouns)
4.4 d l q ~ f i d d ~ # L ~ ~(Adjectives

~ruuillnCfis-ru

mi

thfliUl (Verbs)

197

5.1 flfl55lJfl?Ul (Transitive verbs)

5.2

210

f l ? ~ i ~ % 5 5 0(Ditransitive
1
verbs)

215

ofl55~fl?Ul(Intransitive verbs)

217

~nnd6 dlfl?Ul (Verbs)

225

niuihuldurm:n3uid3u~"a

(Single Modals and Phrasal Modals)

uni 7 rhfl?Ul (Verbs)

7.1
. 7.2

7.3

261
d

f l i 5 1 k ~v. + ing ~ f l ~ ~ i ?
1 h ~
9

27 1

~~?UIWAIU&W v +infinitive without to

279

f l ? ~ l d ~v l+~infinitive
h ~ with to

280

.In?!8 difl?~i?6flNd(Adverbs)

U M 9
~

23 5

29 1

n~i~flo~n#o~ua1d~:6iu~~azdin?ui
(Agreement of Subjects and Verbs)

325

~ n ' n m 5 l #Agreement of Subjects and Verbs

330

unn 10 d5:1ufIdU?

(Simple Sentences)

z d l ~ ~ d 5 zsimple
l ~ n sentences
d
UVIM 11 ~ ~ : ~ u ~ I P ~ ?(~orn~ound
~ o J ~ ? sSentences)
J
d

unn 12 dr:hnn?iu.bou

(Complex Sentences)

363
370
379

393

12.1 ~ f l p l f ~ : d ~ : ~ u n ~ l ? i u # o u

397

12.2 Adjective Clauses

40 1

12.3 Adverb Clauses

412

12.4 Noun Clauses

upli 1
~ U I (Nouns)
U

~d ~ splu
~nnau$
,
nl t3 61J w ~ ' hesitation, self-doubt, uncertainty, role,
plagued, predecessors, unaffected,affection,
prosperity

nid?uifl.roi h u l u (Nouns)

Asked whether she was happy to be taken on the title of first

tady, Mamie Eisenhower ans wend wjthout hesitation, "What
American woman wouldn't want her husband to be the President?"
As always, it was Ike who came fmt with Mamie. Without any of
the self-doubt and uncertainty about her role that plagued so many
of her predecessors, Mamie Eisenhower moved into the White
House in 1953 and proudly cdled herself a housewife, admitting
that the 1952 election had been the first in which she had voted.
With her w m , unaffected manner, she won the affectionof a
nation devoted to peace and prosperity.
From: "First Ladies of the White House* by Nancy Skarmeas

title

d7unriJ

first lady

qma~dnuiotaan&

hesitation

n1515o malukm

American woman

m"s~u^sn'~
d~s~7uiEu8

role

--

predecessors

@idou ~6ngilurhi~cr$umun'u
1 '

the White House

rh t~uudsrmui8u#a~C~o~~3ni

a housewife

election
the first

tlz/&u
m5tbon&

the affection

h3ius'nlmf

a nation

znG dsgmnqG

the President
lke
Mamie
the self-doubt
uncertainty

, I

I!
I

Eisenhower

Mamie Eisenhower

m-riu~~ttu~~~~~rn

It

m~iultj~~U)u~u
unuin

a:

Fl54LL5tl

peace
prosperity

1. hesitation (n.):

n i ~ 3 5 o ~77~64la

synonym: pausing in speech, delaying momentarily

Ex:

After some hesitation, he shook his hand.

(n~.jwn&madmjn& ta#iuinrinniu)

2. self-doubt (n.): nnu~riuuio~uri?~n.j

synonym: lack o f confidence or faith in oneself

Ex:

My sister performed her acting on the stage without any of self-doubt.

(hmaaa.jciuuam.juntlo.j~~ouu~a~~aunaiu~ut~)

3. uncertainty (n.) : naiulu'uduau

synonym: state of doubt about the future or dubiety

Ex: Having political uncertainty, Bob decided to go back to the school of

law.
(~rmznnulu'~~iuauni.jnis~~o.j
~o'nusiR~ul~nduld~"suun~~uiuio)
4 . role (n..): unuin

synonym: behavior pattern, parficular position

Ex: Both countries have roles to play.

(6'4 ao.jd.rz~nnh.j8tduunuinvo.jmuto.j)

5. plagued (v.) : ditfilnm%u dit$nqm~h vt1'1~'fi~lw

synonym: troubled, suffered

Ex: I'm not going to plague you with a lot more questions.

6. predecessors (n.): {inn'au { $ ~ ~ ~ u i h u ~1 ~u ~n ~w~y u~ ~ o u

synonym: ones that precede, ancestors

Ex: Jim learned everything he h e w fiom his predecessor Kenneth Pike.

(~u~~uu~qnkqnnrh.jwin{$o~uiriou~o
tn~ilslwei)
7. unaffected (adj.): r~us.r.ruznftva4o's.j ~u'twri3i.j

synonym: natural, genuine behavior

E x Mr. and Mrs. Smith are unaffected, charming couple. .

(uiuuaeln~a~a~~u~aijn~5uidij~alid~~~)z~~~I'i)'bd~s~b~ai~)

8, affection (n.): ~?IUQUUPIUPIEIUn?ius'n%ni

synonym: fondness
Ex: She always thinks of him with affecthn.
,

(~oaFi~Z~m~a~o6?urniuTn)

9. prosperity (n.): n~iugsuruysoinnurktk~

synonym: The condition of beingsuccessfularid
. economically welfieing,
Ex: All countries are troubled with economic prosperity at
present.
('l,uillgGu r l n d s e n a i i ~ r y u ~ I u d a . j n ~ ~ u $ ~ ~ . j n ~ ~ ~ a 5 w 3 ~ ~ )
~uu6a-diw@~?ods::lum
u
~-d~-nou~doiuriioim
7 Miu diuiu
Ainiui d i q e l n ' d i n 3 u i i ~ a dA78ufiiu 1 ~ 1~muild~u,iu~~udi$d
w d s r
diu~uuinC(qe kwn-diuiu~-viirru~m~duds::~iu
tfllmssuaiinhr 7 u~::
tfluhuh~iy~w'maiu~ui~aa~ds::~umso~~
al?
in6inui

The teacher is teaching English.

l u d s ~ ~ u4'~ ua.9 - du m i n l ~ 7 1 u ~ u iRa
u ~ ateacher,
'n
teaching' uar
Errglish ~nrrddiuiu2 di R'a teacher = i n ? ~ . r lue~ English =
U

nqsuuarnia~is teaching
d ~ u l u(Noun) Ao niC1t8uBoa~qmu 8msli

&am

~n~ud

dcr

I . Common Noun ~ B I U ~ V ~ W
HN
~ ~) ~ o P~ M
~ U ~ U ~ L ~ U U O L ~ ( ~ ~ R
'

8sri &am m u d Iu~ddo~d*cir

cri?adI~ bird, tiger, elephant, man, girl, uncle, sky, sun, table, kitchen, car,
school, pen, road, , mountain, waiter, actor, prince, president

rO

U ~

~ ~ : T ~ J ( I The
A singer is singing a song.
(u"n+b~fi~&5a~~wns)

d~WU~LQW):~JMAU

8d
~?mduud7u~ids-~nnd~:ol'~4~~ol'~63~1~3o'nvs1~~
(CapiM

2. Proper Noun ( % ~ ~ u ~ u B v~U7tJihl

~u)

kam mud
letter) LElUO

had14

d a ~ Patchara,
~
Somchai, Peter, Elizabeth
~ D R O ~ U C ( LGQU S i m Square, Soho, London
dad5s~ns Thailand, Singapore, &many, F m e
Y

daumay n5 nsca ttJJI

das~57

dh

The pacific, The Baltic, The Thames

Sony, National, Mitsubishi, Panasonic

danirrcrwsP$ a m 5 The Bids, The South Pacific ~flu6u

'idA7~7nd~u~u~ii~fluq(u~wn'
~ R ? ~ U ~ V I I % ds:mrntl~a~~~~n$~ds:~nfl
8u 7 ~ua:au7ak rnrnfha'finhu n 7 s d ~ c l u 3d d' d. 7 u a ~ ~ $ 7 ~ ~ ~ u n ~ ' i t i u i l
(suffix) Rw 7 ~ i ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ ~ d d ~ u ~ d d 7 I d t a u f l l t i
4aadIu
U

Afiica

Afilcsn

Alaska

Alaskan

1 Algeria
1 America
Asia

1 Algerlan
1 American
Asian

I
I

1 Australia

I Australian

Bolivia

Bolivian
.'

Cambodia

1 Cuba
I India
1 Indonesia

Cambodian
Cuban
Indian
Indonesian

Nigeria

Nigerian

Panama

Panaman

Persia

Persian

Russia

Russian

Venezuela

Venezuelan

( ' l d d ~ ~3 ~h~ ~1 f fp a n a m a n f a n )

rEuUoGu - iaa ni~oiiui~oialrld

Brazil

Brazilian

Belgium

Belgian

Canada

Canadian

Ecuador

Ecuadorian

Egypt
Iran

Egyptian

.Norway

Norwegian

Panama

Panamanian

Peru

Peruvian

Ukraine

Ukrainian

Iranian

tGud9?'U
ddfl

- ish ~

- ish

Britain

British

Denmark

Danish

England

English

Finland

~innish

Ireland

I&

Scotland

Scottish

~ U ~ ~ W U I U ~ # ~ U ~ B U ~ I D D ~ ~ ~ B

Spain

Spanish

Sweden

Swedish

, Turkey

Turkish

~ 6 U a ~- lese
h - nese - ese n ~ 7 8 d 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ i ~ l l d 6
Bunna

Burmese

Ceylon

Ceylonese

China

Chinese

Congo

Congolese

Japan

Japanese

Java

Javanese

Lebanon

Lebanese

Nepal

Nepalese

sim

Siamese

vietnain

Vietnamese

tAuJo,'a
Bengal

Bengali

Iraq
Israel

Iraqi

Pakistan

Pakistani

Punjab

Punja bi

Yemen

Yemeni

- i fliil.iiu~uGiald$

Israeli

rfiuiloo'u - o
7'he Philippines

Rilipino

rAulIs4'a - ic
Iceland

Icelandic

rdd~uZdr5uadwdu
Afghanistan

Afghan

Argentina

Argentine

Belgium

Belgian

Denmark

Dane, Danish

( Holland, The Netherlands

1 Switzerland

I Dutch

1 Swiss

Thai

Thailand

:I

i;
,I

.I

'itT1u7uuq~fh6(Proper Adjectives)

q t ~ h n '(Common

~74~1019~dl~~tll~l~-

~djectives) l m ~ m ~ $ ( i i ~ < n w ~ ~ 7 1UE~;~~FI?TUHUI

dn
u

t w n d 7~~tlnnucluiu&dtdo~ifiu
~~
Proper Adjectives

07%

roman type (97n

Rome) = ~ ~ G U ~ S Uitalic
R I type (97n Italy) = s i ? % u ~ u h ~ chinaware
ou
(9ltl

China) =

LP%.~ULR~OUIULWI

japan m y (970 Japan) =

0 1 ~ ~ ~ congo
~ 0 9 8 ~

snake (11n Congo) = 2 ~ G ~ ~ d u ~ 8 i~~n di ~ami ~l m

~ ~~ ~ u a n n ~ G ~ u P d i ~ n ~ n ~ s " ~ -

nurim titanic person (wn Titan) = nuhumul~cyjm [nnnwk

a6

Common

~fi~ G
India
uw
M%" %
Indian
a ~ ink (JTI
Adjectives ~ w h f i ~ ~ ~ d ~ n ~ ~n
India) = nu'na~cl~du
$IIU~ULLR-~I$JManila paper (97n Manila) = nsrcnma
v

li7mia
3. Collective Noun ( H ~ / w u ~ N )~ u l U S 4 c h u l ~ 6 ~ ~ 7 7 u ~ u l U ~ t l f l 4

nlju ad
U

075

w7n

(Aiuiuaijrd~r~~.nuau7~uinni7
I & (air mu WI) iuld

group, team, cornminee, government, cabinet, family; class, mob, party,

faculty (m7973d)
w a o

u~umnyau~udsrmnClauiuS~
njuum~u C5 SiJuou LLBZ
d'
rysuiu~adid~~~ni~6~~n~.a'6~~~~nu~uo~n'u~aiuru~
0,

mz94ill~un~uuo~Ru~"s0#0)i
H ~ o d 4 ~ 0 4 d S ~ l lf%l J~r l1
i i ~ Collective Noun
Collocations

Collective Nouns
army
band

Translation
of Common Nouns
d
of soldiers
wni~nsqnu4
of singers, musicians, G i o s Cnnum3aaswds
outlaws
{<iunijundq

basket

of fruit, fruits

bench

soldiers
magistrates

an

I battalion

girls
keys, grapes,
bananas, flowers

bevy
bunch
bunch
garland)
bundle

flowers

class
cloud
clump

dirt

cluster

stars, flowers,
people, bananas,
animals, coconuts

company
constellation
crowd (throng,
concourse)
division

soldiers, actors

fleet

ships, motor cars

chain (range)

(brood)

I
I
I
I

hay, cash, sticks

chickens, birds,
ducklings
fish
mountains
students, pupils
insects

catch

(bouquet,

walh~n$inds

stars
people
soldiers

sheep, birds, geese

chickens
stars

a
a

gang
group

of

workmen, prisoners

~~au'nOn~ndu~fh

people, animals,

nunj u ~ J ,
n(u~&

islands

Q.I~~u& mi:

grove

of

trees

heap

of

stones

fllI~~014~d.~
iuna4~if.~

herd

of

cattle, cows, pigs,

k h HZ

RSIU@H~~

buffaloes
a

hive

of

bees

JY d
W4SUHU.J

horde

of

savages, lucusts

)IUIIILCI~M~U

pack

of

cards, hourids

pair

of

shoes, trousers

regiment

of

soldiers

s~utnqwwni~~nnnmmha&
nH73n~4~R~if.J

stack

of

wood

l$no.~~d.~

staff

of

teachers

~~4~
(RN"&)
~64

school (shoal)

of

fish, whales

J K I ~ ~ Hdam
& W&H$

set

of

tools, cards

L R ~ ~ D ~ J O '~ lR d
H ~h

sheaf

of

arrows, papets

shower

of

rain, applause

species

of

birds, animals,

gnffshndr ns:~iw~au~&
h1/1~&
~8usd~~Ja$nnd4
"
un rl.5 uua4wirtfndr

'

&LLQIU@H~U

I ~ ~ ~ Iqu'~;bntdadq~&
~ u w ~ ~
V

~~~h

insects
a

squad

of

soldiers, polirrmCn

string

of

camels

ihns H I ~ J U H ~ ~
g y ~ ~ ~ n &

swarm

of

bees

&+HL

team

of

football players

~nv/nuaa~unih

tribe

of

people, citizens

troop

of

boyscouts, soldiem,

nu~d~nil.~
g n t n nw~qnmn&

horsemen
a

tuft

of

grass

WH;I

nnisu'7nosnii.J
d
nryinszgnnu4

d i l o d i ~ d s ~ T u ~~a $uai ~u

1. The government hav

traflc jam.
(?juiaAi$q~~~Jywi~flim)
2. I saw &flockof sheep

lving the problem about

grass.

(djl6hd~llnZfi7$966a~6~81~.9$7)

3. My sister forgot a bunclr ofkeys in his drawer.

(~'o~a7,sa~airriuw~~y~~97!w~wdn)

4. I bought a basket offruits for my boss birthdayparty.

(d~~awa~u'nif~m:ns'ii!w'6&~7~7!~j7~6B~9;7"~6n'1~))

5. I haven9tclassijied a big heap of books.

(aird9~dn'<rnnu3nn~~w'9~~no~~~~i)

6. While diving under the sea. I saw a slroal of whales.

(7!uamzifi7$9d7&~~~$'~1z6a
ju6~~~~da171~)

7. The team wear white shirts and green shorts.

(iu~a~a~$alui3ua~ni~~n~l~!~7)

8. A staff of lecturers visited the Tower of London.

(~~191366u'7a81mam~fl66w'9a~
W ~ W)
D
9. I would like to have a band of musicians playing folk songs
at my birthday party.
(&afl7nh~mum~u*%a~6wa.j~~~7~7!~97~;7'466n'ms~~6~)

10. On my way home, there was a slzower of rain.

(ducnnnaawwwn$uu'7U)
diuiuaiinaunuiuaiuisat~od'b6n"~tanwilu'ttazwvlwilu'
&a@'u

n~iunuiuluudazu'run(context) kihi.ladwluGa 1 government ludd

~iluw~wilu'
twnznuiuii.r ynnadiil 7 nd~Bu?~uiatiu

uiunFjuwli

s'guum: sacruiunijuum', t 9 u h tiuda~n'uGa7 The team nuiuh

the football players & ~ k t r i Lduluiuqnnu diriiudsdan The

team wins the game. dduu^sunif team ilrtdutonwsu' twnznuiuiij
%I

n"u il"ljLdduiu
91

PY

~~ouu~r1~o'auiu1~n::ifiu"~nn5"~1~d04ni~iinmui0nwQu'~lnr

wywodumdiu~u

PY d
4 . Material Noun (?@~v?u)
~ I U I ~ ~ ~ ~ ( ~ ~ U P ~ ~ ~ U ~ D ~ Q I ~ L

lntlr IOJLL&

~ ~~~diuiuff~iilu~&~w~i::~::~u'~~nm~~i~'1~n'u'~16
n 7
L L ~

uaq~

~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ i ~ ~ i o ~ i u l ~ s ~ i ~ n ' ~ oi ai u
~ i~wf i' nu aI ut h* 1~di~?uz6jmUY
6~ d 4 i i
o r u ~ n ~ ~ ~ i u u i n h u(quantity)
f i u ? ~ IU~~QIU~M
(number) ~ I U I U ~ ~ ~ G & . J
IfiLdunfinolii4ad~ii Mass Noun IuI~
Count Noun Uar Mess Noun Q:~UT#
article JiaUY')
,

he$14

Mass Noun

air

oinifl

brass

no~r~do.~,

bread

UUU&

clay.

8uu~~

1I

cloth

w'7

coal

filu

m4u

flour

Huon

furniture

fog
glass

gold

ink

d i ~ ~ n

leather
oak

~lh#m.3
b'J'J8m

oil

rice

&?&?

silk

silver

1%~

smoke

smog

vuonm?'u

soil

steel

~wfin

water

wheat

fia~rr$

wood

wool

auam.3

Yarn

zinc

#4nril

lead
mud

nsron uri?

I
t

diu~u~sztnnif;:ua6qerai~t0utonw;6 c d o ~ ~ ~ n ~ o ~ u i u ' u ~ d ~ ~
# f 8

tdevii agreement iiuriinhi ~ - ~ a ~ ~ ~ i i n ~ a i v o ~ ~ s z ~ i ~ d ~ o n w ~ u ~

tdu
(w a.4Gm'l)

Rice is expensive in the United States.

(~I~~~~~IAIuw~~vzuRM~~~Lu"~~~)

onq

Mass Noun J ~ ~ ~ u I ~ o ~ u ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ L [&~ ~ I P I ~ ~ ~

i n d o a ~ I u ~ d ~ i s ~ ~ u n ' o u tlnuuiil~dniau:
6pdn~~~
d o n h nio

Kaua'~t~uB~uapdsn'-~lm
h a d i ~ m3.a' of - pattern dauanfiuiruaar Mass Noun

1. 'Lwniau-614 7 (containers)
d
~ ~ ~ Q H V J
a bag of rice
d
ws1EJq;rMw~
a bag of sand
d
uuzndawu.~
a box of rubbish
d
aaauz~3orn~um~u1
a bottle of catchup
1,~&1-19dhl-~m~d~
a bottle of w ine
two bottles of ink
iiwi3nao.ju-m
a cup of coflee
ni~~dfiu~d.1
two cups of tea
&uiaaqn'?u
a glass of milk
UOJLL&W~.J
five glasses of orangejuice i
i2iu iurii
d
bbUOJ'U3GlMMQ
a jar of jam
iimiaaa4ao.J
~o packets of sugar
a tube of toothpaste
EJI%~M~FJG~H~~
two sacks o f f o u r
~ti3qaa~qq
2. ' L w ~ a i u ~ u i s a a r & mar C (measurement)
a foot of ribbon
iuifu~rnnd~
a kilo (kilogram) of meat ~.au r n m ~ a w d u
Y

two kilos of sugar

&a~nan;r~~n

a gallon of gasoline

riiikunaaoundq

1t

I
11

thirty lit-

(AE liters2 of

pet101 (AE gasoline)

&u'uwu8u8as

*I
I

'

a pint of lager beer

~~uf2vcuhif.J

I
I

(1 lvcud = 118 unnnou)

a pound of flour

u&c]audn&

I
I

three metres of cloth (AE meters) & ~ ~ ~ U L N O I S

(1

five spoonf~ls
of sugar

~iainfi~ou

$1

a yard of rope

donnn7~dq

3. 'IUII?~ ~ ~ ~ 1 1 1 t f h l7& H%t~U(iBU

l
(piece)

a bar of soap

a~6ounifJ

two bars of chocolate

iron~nuaaaoquviq(6u)

a drop of water

iinum~dq

two drops of ink

~IM~~~D.JHUA

an ear of corn

a'77'lwdnndq

a grain of rice

;I~LU~GIH&

a head of lettuce

w'nnihii?nif.r

a loaf of bread
a lump of coal
two lumps of sugar
a piece of wood

a piece of meat
two pieces of cake
three pieces of paper

a roll of toilet paper

a slice of bread
a slice of pork

a stick (piece) of chalk

aodnuriqwdq

1. There are two kilos of sugar on ?lieshelf.

( i i i m i a 2 flanirreriuuL)
2. A cup of coffee is enough for me,

(nirrvl 1 ci?uriuqwoihwz'un'u)
3. Five glasses of orange juice are worth one hundred baht.

(JIL&

uri? ncn loo uin),

w - 8

uanoinri7~~11~rt~iu?u
(numerds) viit 7 u s u ~ i i i n ~ i u i u d
d d
uanhu?u (quantifiers) du 7 D ~ ~ U O ~ ~ ~ UMars
I N ~
Noun
~ O1
J
6
Quantifiers~ ~ u ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ? ~ N ~ ~ u I ~Mass
~ ' oNoun
~ ~ ~ " P : : ~ I H M

a lot of, many, much, a few, few, a little, little, every, each, all,
most, both, half, some, any, no, plenty of, a great deal of, enough
I have much sugar in the jar,
u

4:

(auuuimauinlunac[n)

My sister needs a lot of rice for dinner.

( u ' o ~ a i ~ o ~ ~ ~ u o l ' ~ l ~ n i r u ' i ~L~~i Un )~ i ~ r ' ~ ~ ] i ~ i ' i ~

4'

5. Abstract Noun ( @ I ~ ~ ~ s v ? F~~WIU~~~~~~UP::UD~A?INHUIUI~

u)
w
ROW::

~N~%YN::
(F)?IU;

R?IUJ~U)

rnsnsrrii 7

~ 7

Abstract Noun 9 % % 4 f ! ! l h U ~ stem $UAVI~V)

ol

4'

uui~ddiuiutaunun'uiloC(SUIXX)pltu
5.1 97n6ln?ai + ~ o < u- a1
arrive
deny
propose
refuse

+
+
+
+

arrival (niruih)
denial (nisdfima n i m u ~ h )
proposal

(~'EIIUUD)

refisal (nirdaras)

diqcudiun' .n%~

- ion - tion - ation - sion

9 1 f l 6 1 f l ~ U l+

hkl

complete

completion (mud1

direct

+ direction (Sfln7.r)

~ m u n u y s d m'saUqR)

descdx + description (nisu'ssuiu)

introduce + introduction (nis~~uzdi)
examine

examination (nisnau)

inform

information (n7st~ojp$nmu dl?)

admit

admission (nisiu~#i nisay a%)

_, permission

permit

8 l f l 6 3 f l ~ U+
l a848

(n7sayqjiw)

- ment

appoint + appointment

( ~ 1 5 ~ R ~ ~ i t l )

entertain

entertainment ( n i s ~ a u ?niss'u'sn.r~~un)
~

establish

-+

establishment (n1st.r . m'snoidu7)

fulfil (I)
govern

+ fulfil (1) ment (n~sdirijun7'sl$d1~%1)

+ government (5Yguia nl'sdnFl5~9)

punish

-b

(m'sadnkt)

punishment

9inAiniial +

il~C- JJ

deliver + delivery (nissf.ruau nisuau)

inquire

inquiry (enquiry) (nisnauoiu nisoiu)

9 1 f l d l f l ~ U l+ 4 8 k I

fail

please
press

- "re

failure (n?iu~u~da?i

+
+

pleasure . (n?iuwdo)
pressure

5.2 91f1161~1b(+ fl?<tI

( ~ 7n1
n<u)
~

- hood

brother

-b

child

+ childhood
+ monkhood

monk

brotherhood ( n n u ~ ~ u d ~ a . r )
(nmu~aur8n)
(~~~u'lufu~wfl)

friend

+ fdmdship (mnu~fluiins ijmsmn)

partner

salesman

+ salesmanship

leader

(mnuQriubiT'u ~!hfurhuh)

partnership

leadership

~3fld3~30
+ 1gP<tY

(nisuiu ~nmiimnisui
u)

bil~$i)

( ~ 7 1 ~

- ism

alcohol

alcoholism (Tsn~w~rn
da%)

hero

heroism Osnssu)

+ nationalism (m5iiuu
P ? ~ ~ ? A N S ~ W+$ UP% - acy
national

5.3

~nwaraum6)

accurate + accuracy (m7iu~nGaq)

delicate

+ delicacy

(m?iuuauuw m?iunrisumm1iu
dougou)

n ? i u l n a ~nu
intimate + intimacy (m?iu~iinauu
rjubmu)

~ 3 n d1 ~ ~ m+ f&6i~
' ~ 6 - ness
cleanly + cleanliness (m?iuaroim)

lonely

+
+

~one~iness(m?iuTmmmu? n~iurm"u?miu)

lovely

loveliness (n37udl?fl)

mad

madness (m?iuTnss m?iu&)

sad

+ sadness (n?iubflji)

happy

happiness (m?iuqu)
d

o~ndiqolfi~irtn+
Usp'n

cruel

+ cruelty

- ty, - ity

(mnuqfiu)

honest + honstg ( n n d o 8 ~ ~
royal

w a #

royalty ( 6 l l b ~ ~ ~ n lnmd)
4~1~~

safe

safety (m-~iud~am~u)

human

-,
-,

humanity

peculiar

1.

(WJI~L~URU
uy~813)

peculiarity (tYnrrn::fi~m~arnir
aouddan

He was dead on arrival at the nearby hospital.

(~vimumoudu~7ul5uauiu~nlnn'~#uu)

2.

My sister applied fir admission to U.C.L.A.

(hrnvma'u~&~U'm~~diu~i?nuin'u~d~~o5j~~l)
3.

Visiting Disney Land is the fulfilment of a childhood dream,

(ni5~diau6niiunud~buni5+ilH'~3iu
flu1u'j.u~#n~~u~'Su
4.

After a brief inquiry about the holid& he returned to the subject of music.

(~~jqinni~niu
7k
L l~
5.

~ U ~ ~ ~ T U H Lvif;?T;n~~~uidauvoumucnt8fl)
~ R G ~ ~ ~ D U

This policy is doomed to failure.

(ulu~iuAm~6~ndi~um-ii~::ol'~lun'u~~n~)
8.

He praised her leadership during the crisis.

(~fliundau~nu~~u~~v~lu~u~l~u~u3nqcn)

7.

People who suffer from alcoholism can't stop drinking large quantities of
alcohol.

(~ud~flu1~m~u~~i~~as'u1u'ai~~::~q61du~~n'idiu~uuin
7 I&)
8.

Every bank pays close attention to the speed and accuracy of its staff.

(uui~1~~n~~~ulH'miu~~lil~1.x1n~mn'u~~iu~~mI*s~~~n::~~iu~nol'ouvour
9.

, I have so many friend's, but deep down, underneath, I have a fear of

loneliness.

(ciui~dnuuinuriAnnuldniuluu0ml~Qnh~nu~wui)
10. He had been unable to escape the cruelties of war.
(~ailu'muisnsombnn~~iuI~a~du~ni~m~unum5iu)

Id

h u i udu 1 ~ a f i d d ~ ~ m u r n s t i l u ~ s ~ u n ' i u 7~ i 'cctm

lu
i ianrra=:md
~d~~
diuiui~u~dassu
(Concrete Noun) ~
r l r i l ~ < u- an,

~ 1 ~ ~ ~ l ( 1 l l ~ ~ ~ i / d ~ ~ R ~ ~ " s ~ ] ~ ~

- ian $wi)eriie.s

~'IZMIR

de~u

+ European (maqhd)

Europe

Shakespeare + 6h13kespearian(rean)

luRul41tI4)

- ee r i l s i ~ n i a i

r l u i l o h - ant,

( ( L ~ ~ I ~ c ~ ~ ~ E I ~ ~ I E N

+ mistant ( i d x ~ )
+ servant (RUYUMrj5'u'La")

assist

serve

+
+

employ
Pay
refer

employee ( g n h )

({~'uGu uu?uulu)
referee (nssums Cj6~18u(/?is'uuo u ~ u a )

payee

play
sing /
inspect

+ inspector

instruct

instructor

operate

+
+

operator (iquLR&P

dictate

rlrilo<tI

- ist

biology

dictator

(rjm'nn~ cdi~uidnn~aau)
(@QU EITQW~)

w u'nwuYuhiT~vf)

( { L G J # Q ~ ~ ~ rjuaohuan)

fiai7u7r
+

biologist (u'ngflnm)

chemistry -+

cbemist (linmj)

commune -+

communist (munuunaansfiouQaiiad)

dwa

piano

-+

pianist

violin

violinist (u'na'LaTolu

t%dh<l

- ian $lflqOddirn'

(u'nt8du)

H ? D ~ ~ U ~ W

el &tric

-+

electrkian (hdd fll)

1Ogic

logkian (u'nolssn3nu.l)

ttkhnic

tedrakiaa ( i q i ~ u ' i d m ~ a ~ )

Zbmy

m hit

-+

libr&ian (uqaluiind)
muskian (u'nnud)

pditic

+ po!itkian

(w'nnist~~4)

(8utn~n~.rtrldalcudauni.rau~auu~ciu~1in
slnwu~uhui
w a d - i~ ~5uwcnud#~3iwaiuii
- is")
6. Noun

- Equivalent ( ( i 7 ~ 7 U f ? U ~d~u~uthImdimuau"mtl~lqd7
~$)
1

d d

u#alu"L8~fIud7~7u
uR't7u7lfluhut~wn~muan'ui7~7u
iiuni7 l#~aihuadq
i7rCluA7u7u u 7 u ~ u ~ a ~ ~ a 7 ~ ~ s 7 n ~(phrase)
1 ~ ~ t ~UR:DY(I~:IUA
~10qa~
d

(clause) ~IGI
6.1

ta' to-

verb

infinitive L L O U A ~ U ~ U ~ U ~ 7~ L L M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

To defrost this kidge takes ages.

To turn down the invitation seems rude,
(nisdfitaoiht3qji b ' u m s i ~ ~ n ~ ~ a ~ u ~ ~ ' ~ n i ~ y )

Not to take a holiday is a great mistake.

He forgot to mail the letter,

(ruidud~~n~uiu)

Tom expects to get good grades in the exam.

Mary wants to have a chance to go abqad.

(iiu4ou?nflani~~dhisrl.rimw)

My ambition is to go to Australia.
(rniuds7sou-1aaqSuR'o
hlooaus~Su)

The important thing is not to panic.

(&C(hn$lfila h.rlrim.~znunmnlq)

The idea was to surprise everybody.

(~a~nuafiln
vli~~nnud~~nnw'h)

It would be wrong to break your promise.

(L$u~37N~~~n~a~C(Qzl~vllmlu~y~l)

6.2 'La' verb - ing n'i~daniiGerund umudiuiu'Luoiiunw-a

479 7
6.2.1 l0dGhkb~d9dSZ87~

Walking is good for you.

'

dcr

(ms~luduFlunmhwiuqol)

Dancing is not allowed.

(Odoy w 7 ( i l a X ~ f l 1 5 ~ 6 ~ ~ 7 )

Digging is hard work.

(rnsqmmi:~SuqiuwCn)

ii'aadlc

Gerund phrases ~uoi7t.t.si.rdsrsiu

Keeping a copy of your letters is a good idea.
(fl75~7dlL~l~wulfl'11~~~~b~~~37N~~d~fl~1'~~)

Finding the money wasn9teasy.

(nishau~uC(ni~ldl~~1ida~iia)

Going on holiday always makes me feel uneasy.

(m~rr'ndnu~$uiuwqm~7~Xdud7uin~aua)

6.2.2 %uG!lbb~d9flSSaJ

Wepracticed catching the baN.

(niiloCugnuea)

I apologizedfor being late.

(Su%aa5fli~l;,)

I like having friends round'forcoffee.

(ciuaouduniii~~uidou
7
.

Do you mind waiting a moment?

(aofinuqm.robfi$)
6.2.3

f~dll
tiHdJ Complement

The difficultpart was finding the money.

(du7ndqnliiio m D u l l u )

Jane's hobby is inventing computer games.

(~~uoii~nam~oufiiio
n~.i~~~~inu~oul9~imoi)
What I suffer fiom is not being able to sleep.
1

' Au

(ihn~uqndmu7uAomsuouidnn'u)

I can't help feeling depressed sometimes.

(d~u1ulXC/~-~nifls'-11~~74~~4)

6.2.4

I U d lU H ~ Jobject after prepositions

/

My wife isn't very good at cooking.

(nssu7aoswuiie7~7sIidauiri4)
,Jack is thinking of selling his motor-bike.
(ri~firi~k~na~usnuai~~ofZ(erda~~i~~)
A holiday is nicer than sitting at a desk.
6.3

'1~dl~tMdiu~6uon~flln'flljfllt:
rdu good, bad, pwr, rich,

brave, right, m n g , old, new, impossible, dead, wounded, dark L Q U L~ ~ U

r t i j, ~ d l ~ l u l a T~ufi
'
definite azticle "then D ~ M u I ~ I ~ N J ~ T ~ L M &rat:fi
~ ~ ~

n ~ i u ~ u i u ~ ~ n i j u7 'Luknu
~nna~
hed7u

h ~ t ~ . r l j g i i ~ u a a dthepoor/therich,
w
thesmng/~w
e ed,
the privileged

the underprivileged, the homeless, the unemployed,

the hungry, the absurd, the mysterious, the unexplained

hU~~lan~aU
the7sick,
h the wounded, the disabled, the
handicapped, the dead, the living, the injured
22

EN 101

the young / the old, the middle-aged, the

aged, the elderly
riiuiudui~in~i~rud~d~~didda~dl~~~4u~~~
6irriuua-sly

6qefiia

The old are greatly respected.

(murr~1~Qp1na7upa"pI~ouin) . .' .

2.

Who looks afrer the old and the sick?

1

(Ins~r~anuun'aaznu42u)

3.

Theinjuredweretakenlohospital.
(w~n~~QpIi-;uu7~1~u~ni7d~~s~wa~via)

4.

The human race has a gieat thirst for the unknown.

(uyuuai5iim~iuau7n$ud~d10i~

5.

There are a lot of books on the supernatural.

(rinddouinuiarifuan"pI1aa~iam~

6. The poor have many problems.

(nu~uitIty~iu7nuia)

7. Only the brave deserve the fair. (brave men, fair women)
(yp$ h n i t y n ~ ~ ~ n ' p ~ w ~ ~ ~ ~ u )
8. May God defend the right.
(ua~~ws-r<i~nfin~nud~nol'a~)

9. She was taller than the average.

(t.6aa.sniinudu 1)

10. The good die young.

( ~ l d ~ ~ l ~ L . % )

6.4

78

(phrase) o y d d u n (clause) riiu-~linudi~~nd~tRuan"~

i1u1aJ~~
ii'-dafiia

1. I don? know what to do. (noun phrase, object)

*i

2. 1 don't know what you are talking about. (noun clause, object)

(ciUIJii~qturilriJ~m~::l~~d)
3.

tl~

Where to go is still unknown. (noun phrase, subject)

>I

)1

(~::lddl~uiiihlJ$
4.

5.

1 still don't know where to go. (noun phrase, object)

*I

(ciuh~jlriii~~rldd1~u)

$1

I still don't know where 1'11 go. (noun clause, object)

1
t

(F~US~RJ~~LF~~~M~~~MP::~IJ)
7. Compound Noun ( R I V I U ~ ~ I67u7~~t1t~n-h
~U)
~ T U ~ U ~ S tau
ZBU
d

iI
I

Formation n i ~ n ~ 1 ~ 6 ~ u ~ ~ d ~ t : a ~ ~ ~ B a ' n e , ~ ~ ttaztola

n~~i~6~nau61

s~unirua'?~eiuu~nt~u67t~u~n'u
(solid) ~du classroom

M~~SDE~B~~~UUUU~

tau 2 67 (two words) kdu police station A E ~ E ~ ~ ~ ~ G ~ ~ B U T R U I $ ~ R ~ D . J H

hyphen ''-" (hyphenate) t d ~sit-in

7 . 1 Noun + Noun t % t I ~ 8 ~ t ~ ~ f h t (solid)

~tI?fjU

handbag, armchair, weekend, teacup, classroom, businessman

8tIutran~7fltiut~u
2 i 7 (two separate words)

coffee cup, coffee table, face powder, tissue paper, tennis

club, car park, microwave oven, town hall, traffic accident,
sewing machine, vacuum cleaner
7.2 Gerund + Noun U ~ J ~ ~ O Z I # ~ A ~ O J Hhyphen
U~(I

6 - 9

&

5t?liw67 udu?.s678ra'ourruutwo separate words

walking stick,, washing machine, bathing suit, swimming suit,
riding boots

7.3 Adjective + Noun dau~~~wt~fiuiirncu

darkroom

greenhouse, blackboard,

(&~R~III%&JJ~),

blackbird, shohand, hotplate, cheapskates (nuian), lighthouse, longboat, yellowjacket (a bee-like insect = (Ru?&~lfr~"n~)
7.4 Noun + Gerund 9rtd(luttuu hyphenate H%~IURA(~V~U

coin- collecting, taxi-driving, sightseeing

7.5 Participle + Noun

(61LD~an),

boiling water

cheering crowd, barking dog, stolen

car, controlled condition

7.6 Numbers + Noun

a three-day visit, a six-mile journey, a car with four-wheel

drive, a hundred-yard-long queue
7.7 Noun + Adverb

Q @ u u uhyphenate
~~~ t d ~

passer-by (tramw;w~i~rrSupassers-by)
runner- up (uamw;wohrrau

runners-up)
I

nisn.~r#u.~ru'u~u'n
diuiudsaausrn~r#u.~
stress rruu /
w d
l o rnsn.~tBw~uir~unng~~.~uud~ucrsnu~l.~diuiud'iru
oiff ddrkrodm,
t6ilet paper
8. Agent Noun (679dl~dfi9d#fl~d7)r h u l umdkniiia~d
~~
1162
d

lurso~uo~
Concrete Noun kdu assistant, singer, biologisf, technician L ~ I U ~ U

diuiur~~ii~~raii~diuiu~muriidin"suidiuiu
ua:diq~(rWY/uir6uB~G.1
(suffix)sin 7 6.~1~n'ndnuih

TmaalJ h r n u & t ~ u d i d h ~ d u n t d ~ i n d ~ m l u n i s n d i ~ d o u d i

M ~ O ~ S E ~ ~ &R ~~ N~

Jsrmn

~8 fl43-J
~ N M%l
E

Exercise 1 Tell whether fie following nouns are Common, Proper, Collective,
Material, Abstract, Nbun Equivalent, Compound or Agent.

1. salmon
2. establishment

3. Korean
4. moose
5. cluster
6. leather

7. committee

8. soil
9. beauty

10.reading

A~u?uu'2

.........................,........
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

R'nwt~::iio

11,'rnob

1 2. boy scout
13. assistant
14. pianist
15. honesty
I 6. decision
1 7. bunch
18. Thai
19.coal
20. servant

..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................
..................................

si~u1uaiind~u16
(Countable Noun)

UR~~IU~U

d r i i i l u ~(Uncountable NO&

d1u~u~uniw?~nqw~s~n1~ttnn~~d~;~~u'63~n1~t6ud~F1"~n'1~k1
v i s o o ~ ~ ~ : a n n ~ n i u n ~ 5 1 d ~ ~ u t i ~ ~k1t ~us n~1s~ I1~~?6 s~ ~ J L ! u u ~ ~ ~ ~ u
v

a:

~$oqc;iutioui~hu~unCJ
8 aiindlniiuu~ituaquuil~7u7uaiinlrrjiqdnulso
u'ul6 utirozurn~w~rtorll6
t t ~ : d i u ~ a a i i n l n C u l ~ " I ~u~ l uu ' ~ o ~ ~ ~ % ~ n ~ ~ d
u a : d ~ u ~ u a i j n ~ n d ~ i A ~ u ~ ~ t ~ l ~ t t n n ~O~~dDw
~ D; w
? ~~U~A~I H
uS"OI ~~ 1B ~ U
$lul$riud7uiuifu 1 lnluldrinwd8u 7
1. Countable Noun 4 7 1 . ~ 75~d~~tnnoi~1ddt~u~7u7~du'ultil'

Common Noun: sky, ox, car, cartoon, table, house

'

Proper Noun: John, Bangkok, England, Tharnes

Collective Noun t group, bunch, herd, team

Compound Noun : claS$rbom, blackboard, boy scout
Agent Noun: teacher, sailor, assistant
2. Uncountable Noun d7G& 3

~~PL~WS~~I~

cAiuoud7u7ureu uoin~u~sn~ruii~fis3un'u1~un~un'au
ou?umaur~:orfiu
U

UYR ifludo i?JudiU diuiu~Uiilu"L(ii'lrl~iti

I

Material Noun n?iso Mass Noun: air, cod, oil, rice

Abstract Noun: arrival, advice, cash, description, h m , health,

appointment, failure, gossip, friendship, leisure,

madness
Noun Equivalent: to go, to do, sending, exercising, what to say,

how to do, ,where to go

d

3. d 7 t l 7 ~ ~ ~ 7 ~ 7 ~ 0 6 Countable
6 ~ ~ ~ ~ U6Rnr "Uncountable
J
Noun

3.1

~7~7alr/t~~sd575al
(Concrete Noun)
U

~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ U ' ~ ~ ~ ~ U

v d u
ILFIZIUU~~S)~~~ 7 ~ 7 ~ d 7 ~ # ~ 3 ~ ~ i f 8 7 9 9 ~ i ~ ~ d 7 ~ 7 ~ d u " ~ ' l ~ ~ f l i

aiiaviseqolnu%ao~&$u 7 ibu
The couple had a beautihl carpet in the bedmom, -+ (countable)
(airin~.iui~~riw5uda~uu7uilU,'Lu~~4uau)

They bought five square meters of carpet. -+ (Uncountable)

(w~na~bawsuu~~inm~um~)
3.2

?u

do

VJ u

#m5 *a w'n wdu'n7u75nMUUri L L S ~ ~ " U U ~ U " L ~ L ~ E ) L I F )

iueitroua~&i?ir(i$aqnoiplaoniQuviou,$u)
I'll buy a whole chicken for dinner.

-+ (Countable)

( ~ Q ~ ~ I ~ M & ~ L ~ u D ~ H I ~ L ~ u ~

I'd like to put some chicken in the soup. -+

(Uncountable)

(h~~d~u'a'lnlu~d)

Jane needs three more tomatoes.

-+ (Countable)

A pizza with tomato is my favorite food.

-,(Uncountable)

(fi~~nh'Lduz~~arntr~fiu~i~isTdsmaa.~n'u)
3.3

1 Countable
5
URr ~ficoktebletU

o~n'ufi~iu~u~u~uicol'nru3un
(context)

a glass of milk (Ufhdl)

some glass of the window (nszon)

a daily paper (H;.Ja~fiUd)

some wn'ting paper (nsrtaiw)

my term papers
an iron (L~I%)

,
madeofiron (LMB~ m q ~ ~ A n )

a tin1 of beans (pineapples, cigamttes)

tin (mq#qn)

(U.SIU)

(nsdm)
a down light ( ~ U ~ ~ U U U ~ . J L W ~ I U )

the s p d of light (UN.Ja

h)

a hair / many hairs on your collar

comb'my hair (H~WU)

(~dirwuo~if~n~d'o)

Your hair is the fine thnad-like.

(uu~mqol~wileu~.'iu~d~.~#)
She won a red dress. (qtd~6l.J)

She won evening dress.

(rXorhduuuuffi~sunai.~Ciu)
an interesting experience

experience m the job

(d5:aunis&lrhWu1o~lu'i.~~d.~)

(tlsadunisdunir~u7u)

a drawing, a painting

good at drawing / painting

(filW31GI, ~ ~ I W L ~ U U )

(rri.Jnuoi7u~itaniw)

heard n noise ( I ~ u L ~ ~ ~ I . J H ~ . J )

trafficnoise ( L ~ W ~ O )

.an interesting conversation

the art of conversation

(~~urnsaunuid~~utod~l.~wil.~) (~atl:~t~ni5mnui)
Badminton is a sport.

I like sport. (uEIu~~U~)

(uu~~u~iu~~u~iun~m~d.~)
a happy life

(8mdimnuqu)

Life is unfair.

(aim#uuaqianu)

~ M I ~ ~ ~ ~ M L L U U D L Ua 'can
~ ~of
' ~beans
~::'~~

3.4 d1uiundiio77~~uwono7iuf~ndiq
1 ~~~iludiuiudriu
ldn' aiR dislike, doubt, disgust, fear, hope, pleasure un'diuiu
tnriida7liin~iuwuiuriu1m~uuiqu~uw
tiu

I have a strong dislike of quiz shows.

(iiuf~nlriailunums~~i~u'u(ilau4~~1~d1~~1n)

My advisor had many doubts about the wisdom of

the decision.
rd

(w~i~und~ntiaa~@'~u"fiai~~~~u~nduan'u~~~~~lu~i5m'm~~l~

Jane has had afear of dogs.

(au~fim~?iunril~CwBuu~)

Watching T V is our only pleasure.

(ms~~n~riplli~una1u~~B~1;1b~uaaa~~a1
3.5
diuiundtifu?nirniiuf~nda~8~z~;d~onw~u~,n'
~du

delight, pity, pleasure, relieJ shame, wonder tdu

The aircraft was a helight tofly.
(riuaaudum.rl~lu~d0~3u)

It seemed a pity to let it all go to waste.

(i1~#um1udda'ou1~'~4~umb3uld)

Watching TV is our only pleasure.

44

(rn~~na~dumiu~w~~~w~u~w"u~au'i~~~uaa~~~51)

They did not

was such a s

nough money to adopt a child. It

d

d l

(w~nm-~lu'ihjunod~:s"uu,m~u,~~~~u
~4ur~~nun#ulou1n)

3.6 'Luniui~p~
nis$qaiw+15

d d
L V I S D ~ R U ~30~m~~uat-Tudiuia.d

uiild"lday'luniaul:uz tilu~utiluil~uazbtam~diuiun"od"u16
~du

19dlike to have a beer.

(a glass of beer)

(&au~nozi(u~iul8ntbn'3wdq)

Two coffees, please.

(uan-t~td2 bun':)
Two sugars, please.
(z~(ilm2 Luriz)

EN

101

(Twowps of coffee)
(Two spoonfuls of sugar)

29

3.7

diuiudrjul~lkzod"p1lo'61'iw~~iu~~
"rIszmnV nJo 6baiin99

aeqijy?u 7

These beers are all the same.

(kinds of beer)

(~~u$wan~~~u4urdu$%~@b~uan"w~.~~um)

There are lots of difSerent grasses.,(kinds

of grass)

(rincyiwaiudwnn)

Aiuiu

suitcase r9u countable usi luggage r9u

uncountable
diuiu damage &rau countable ~zwuiuB'~
bbGun~rrnu
2.
,
He received damages for his injuries.
(~ui16%~Guan~aubbnw
n'i~4umi
uuowi)

3.

diui u

knowledge

uaz

education

dau~w$t?r9u

uncountable cilljoaiu~uiuB~
"fi-riu$' ua:: "nisdnwiv bavh 7 1d rrsi
oiiin~iu~uiur~wi~~iliz~~wJo~~iuwuiul~n"alrIuinod"n~zr~uronw~u~o'

I had a good education.

(siuln'iunis4nl*iti)

A knowledge of French is essential in Europe.

( m l * i d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ . ~ ~ i ~ ~ u ~ u n ~ d ~ ~ ~ d )

4. diuiu help nuisnla'r9uronwqu'a help ijnaiu~uiu=

helpful rdu
You've been agreatthelp. (qordauuinfi~tiu-a)
5. diuiu work mrnzorau countable lo' ~ u i u 8 4cc$uaaclnun
du a work of art, the works of Shakespeare
6 . 'La' four clothes ldo' &ad$, four shirts w?o four
7 6aqid
trousers d o l a ' some clothes uazfi~zihiauuoniiuauGp1q5~
aii four items of clothing

62a dlr c i ~ u ? u a i i s l(Uncountable

~i
Nouns)
/

1. ke7n75u~uaiind~r
7 diim7u~u~uuenan7wnown7w

qoln'ounr~

ra r beauty, confidence, enjoyment, happiness, health, honesty, intelligence, justice, knowledge, luck, patience, pride, progress, significance,
truth, wealth
2.

a?a??m
674 7 biology, chemistry, economics, engineering, geology,
gemology, history, linguistics, literature, mathematics, psychology, theology
Arabic, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Persian, Spanish

3.

f17W

4.

LAN

5.

d
n75n5~6lM~isofiPn55~~674
7 ~ P Z i z verb
d

;l.n baseball, basketball, chess, football, poker, soccer, tennis

+ ing ll%fi~nj7gerund

betting, drawing, driving, eatingy jogging, swimming, skiing, traveliyg,

walking
6.

d3Vypl5d835Ntng dew, darkness, earthquake, elecfricity, fire, fog, hail,

heat, humidity, light, rainbow, sleet, snow, sunshine, thunder, wind

7.

%?fie $.u2due~e t ? ~ i$% ("article) chalk, corn, dirt, dust, earth (Au),
hour, grass, hair, pepper, rice, salty sand, wheat

8.

U ~ J L M R ~ I I S7~ ~beer,
~ J blood, coffee, gasoline, honey, juice, oil,
porridge, shampoo, soup, tea, water, wine

w 3tla7nlflaly 674 7 .air, nitrogen, oxygen, pollution, smog, smoke, steam

d
lo. ~47~~14n7u3~
o'sln'ukkd~(MU?) bread, butter, cheese, cotton, fish, glass,

9.

gold, ham, ice, lamb, paper, rubber, silver, .soap, toast, wood, wool
d

1 1. kneds~uhtflundu baggake, cash, clothing, equipment, food, fruit,

furniture, garbage, hardware, jewelry, mail, make up, postage, scenery,
traffic
Exercise 2

Tell whether the following nouns are countable or uncountable. If

they can be both countable or uncountable, state them both.

&lad74 table

countable

'

air

= uncountable

dislike = countable and uncountable

thunder

1 6. journey

2.

rubbish

17. jewelry

3.

camp

4.

fact

1.

18. fear

1 9. beer

.............

.
.
.
.

5.

harm

20. health

6.

cash

2 1. rumour

7.

coin

22. vehicle

8. storm

23. job

24. behavior

10. light

25. pleasure

.a. . . . . . . . . . . . .

26. chicken

12. fun

27. housework
\
I

13. luck

1 28. toast,

Y......................

...........................................
............................
..................................... ....

14. pity

, :*

29. hobby

n.............

15. noise

Exercise 3

"

30.fiuit

.......................................
......................................
.......................................

Underline the words which are uncountable nouns.

professor, courage, star, fun, notebook, help, hospital, hospitality,
waterfall, recreation, receipt, violence, aeroplane, sociology,
Portuguese, castle, brick, swimming, hockey, maid, exercising,
lightning, gravity, cave, forest, rain, sugar, university, building,
liquor, meat, iron, pillow, money, grammar, space

Aiu~u'lun~uiknquozu'nisrluJofi'un'~~A~
dntd~uut~daq~danq

diuiu L ~ J A I U ~ U L ~ U W ~ W I k~ ' u ~ u ~ m u d ~ ~ d ~ r ~ t a ~ w ~ w ~ u ~
-s, -es dnntiuq i s /

~ 3 /z/
e

M ~ D/az/

u ~ u u n ~ 7 i i h u 2 u r i n u d g-en
u oontiuq

a15 books, bags, churches ttarA7

/an/ 873 oxen, childnn A~UTUUN

n~uumqwvwlu'~mun7stddauriu~as::n7~'1w
ns t o n n d foot -,wtwou'
d
feet ronwsd mouse + wyw9u' mice tau& uudi~u'~rns~dauu-ttda~~dAi
L ~ D U ~ ~l ~~ 9
~ u
Q~'W1 fLOAWIG
i
fish

-, w ~ w ? Ufish,
( L O ~ ~ Wsheep
P~'

W ~ W S Usheep
'
nisdnuidnqnisuarnw ~ u ' a n ~ ~ 1 u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u d ~ ~ i ~ t 6
n ~ s t d d u u d i u ~ u ~ ~ n ~ d A t t a m ~ ~ ~ n w ~ lmuiinqiiid
u'~bu~dw~w~u'
d

d 7 u 7 u ~ 9 r ~ ~ ~ ~ d w ~ ~ 9 ~ " L 6 9 r Common
: ~ ~ ~ LNoun
~ u dL 7L R~~7 u % ~
Collective Noun
bunch

Ih:
L ~ ~ u El73
u

-,bunches

a book -,books,

a man-+men, a herd-, herds, a

~?U~IU~U%G@I~U
7 ~79ttfl(il~W
~wou"L~U'IQI,~ R ? T U M U ~ U

\
'

a o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s U ' ~ a ~ ~ n u ~ u ~ ~ m
tdun ~d D~L ~Q Y~ CMr.
d~ ~~ ~ n ~ d ~ l ~ ~
,Jmjth +H l H d the Smiths 9 L l l ~ T U f i ~ R S ~ ~ R ~
~ ~~ ~~ ~d~f l~ ?n Jf ~i i~i j b l ( l
u
h tanwsrl wood, light ~sij~munuiuii~
Iu' u a d n muheiu udh
I

ant

ants

book

books

CUP

cups

map
month

maps
months

staff

staffs

bag

bags

~ Q Y

boys
bees

bee

( conjunction

conjunctions

dog

dogs

egg
fan

fans

king

kings

log
mother

logs

nun

nuns

mothers

1 pencil
queen

pencils

river

rivers

star

van

'

queens

3 6 -s~9rElElnl#8~/ s / L ~ E ~uD ~ ~ ~ U L ~ W W C ~ ' L I M Z ' J I W P ) L

d -ir
( t ~ u u ~ ~ r ~ c n i 5 ~ u n : : t ~ ~ uIsiltdlw
n t % i u/t p,
~ ~t, ~k,) f ,e
39<a -S 9:
/ z / t~oodriiat~nwCqjauduur
u
(dwd
tftcn15i~irfl~doudtd~ta~~)
I'Utit~wi b , d, g, v, 6 , r, I , m, n, I ) / ttamia
tIaun5::qntaau
d
2. LRu~PP'U-es ~&diu~~nruviiuRia~~ntnc
-s, -SS, -z, -ZZ,
d
-sh, -ge, -ch ur:: -dge M~DDI~YJ~I~~I~~~LA
-es akdiuiunoontIur i s , Z, I
t . t ,I / t t ~ r 9 r ~ tat14
o n -es li]u / az/
HU?IItH(I

1.

bridge

bridges

/a21

nawiu

box

boxes

/az/

nhs

bus

buses

/az/

solud

buzz

buzzes

/az/

t~urh7

cause

causes

/az/

EnLvlq

clause

clauses

/az/

e y d s d u ~h d a u 7

face

faces

/az/

HUY?

house

houses

/az/

&u

kiss

kisses

/az/

3"

loss

losses

/az/

msgqtau n i s r b

nose

noses

/az/

~ y n

3. diu~uronrcoAruniu~i'3u
-y t t a r ~ ~-yh $uwtq.j~ur tdotddau

5 d d u d i u i ~ w ~ w 9 ~ ~ i o ~-yt dtQlu
d ~ u-i t i
twnzsliuakt8wmrdutflut~wlaw::(voiced)
U

~ ~ ~ n ' 3 -es
3 4 loontaw
~
/z/

baby

babies

/z/

r h msn

city
counny

cities

/z/

lhs

counmtnes

/z/

dsam~

duY

duties

/z/

f)75a

%Ifid

galaxy

ferries
flies
galaxies

gallery

galleries

PUPPY
story
strategy'
territpry

ladies
parties
puppies
stories
strategies
territories

ferry

frr

121

121

yn~mamf uwu
~ULLRU

~ u i c n ~1)q diuiuronwp6#~qgiunis-y rra-nui -y r8u~zre-uanq

w~wd6auoi.rdu-s tau ~ouW6oqdguu-y tflu -i trrznontiuq -s AD

cd

Id r w n m i un& ~#u~~s-mrflutiu~Twwz
rtiu bays, boys, days, guys,
donkeys, monkeys rflugu
de: d
d
2 ) diuiunrduaar~wi-na~w'iu&au
-y uaznd'i -y rauw$qjaur
fi&~u~-nnoliut8u
b k k ~ d d u u-y tflu -i IGr'rAu -s I'rau ~dlrMarys
($nasdnuu4naiu~u) Germanys (~uezuCol~Tuiuoonaazn:iuoln)
4. ' ~iuiutonw~lAnqfliu6au
-f nio -fe ~ ~ t d d u-funio -fe tflu
-v n'ou tta'a!.jrtiu -es oonduq IzI rwzi: Iv/ rfluriIfl~Twtt:

~iuqusonwod
1
l;iaumin
&asda
3

-es

caw
elf
half
knife
leaf
life
loaf

calves
elves
halves
knives
leaves
lives
loaves

121
IzI
121
lzl
lzl
121
121

an??

$5 d n 8 ~muuL
n%

u"tl
lerru"
8?n
L L ~(ueduuuil~)
?

{au
-

36

(U~JLUU)
-

EN 101

self

1 selves

sheaf

/z/

shelf
thief
wife
wolf

dwarf
hoof
scad
wharf

dwarfs

/s/

dwarves

/z/

flut~fl5!:
fiu~ar#u

hoofs

/s/

flu l#i

hooves

/z/

scads

Is/

scarves

/z/

wharfs

/s/

wharves

/z/

diuiutonwsddrufiadirr -f dohld 'tau -S

(~04fi)

ciifiqaJ1tla'
&W'U~~D
vilrfi~ufi~i
dit%
&$'tau dod~uutflu

strife

strifes

/s/

n?swzmiz??7n

Lw$

echo

echoes

hem

hems

mango

mangoes

negro

news

potsto

potatoes

tomato

tomatoes

torpedo

torpedoes

volcano

volcanoes

/z/

I OL~IIIV~

~ a a n r ~ u u h ~ ~ u i ~ u ~ u b o n w ~-0u ' dMn~~D-00

n ' ~ ~dddd
~a~

albino

albinos

banjo

banjos

bamboo

bamboos

cameo

cameos

canto

cantos

casino

casinos

commando

commandos

concertino

concem'nos

concerto

concertos (or
concemi)

cuckoo

cuckoos

curio

curios

dynamo

dynamos

ego
embryo

egos
embryos

espresso

espressos

gigolo

gigolos

folio

folios

kangaroo

kangaroos

kilo

kilos

logo

logos

magneto

magnetos

mambo

mambos

Octovo

ns=mwdmau7m 118 aa9~wiassumi

memo

piano

pianos

uunnau 7
r n hL~EI'IU

photo

photos

gdhia

piccolo

piccolos

adaraasunau

portfolio

portfolios

ns~'ci1ir~)nrns
u3ui~)nrns

quang''

quangos

n~:nsu~sunisdiguia~'~n~tt~~i.~R.~~~'
~7117ulma5as::

quarto

quartos

radio

radios

ratio

ratios

solo

solos

soprano

sopranos

tango
tattoo

tangos
tattoos

tempo

tempos (or

I UFO (unidentified

1 flying object)

tempi)
UFOs

I Virgos
yobbo

yobbos

YOYO

YOYOS

l zoo

calico

I ZOOS

calicos,
calicoes

'=go
domino

cargos, cargoes
dominos,
dominoes

ghetto

ghettos, ghettoes

grotto
halo

glvttos, glvnoes
halos,
haloes

lasso

lassos, lassoes

memento

mementos,
mementoes

magnifico

magnificos,
magnificoes

mosquito

mosquitos,
mosquitoes

pinto

pintos,
pin toes
poJticos,
poJticoes

/z/

Ia2u8GI-3

unt5u'udiuiu buffalo J-iisdunnqwclw~u'Ln'

u
3 .rdtuu
v
;a tWud~6
9J

-s (buffalos) tWuiT~b -es (buffaloes) uazlai6a.rrWa.d~$u~

rau
(buffalo) tduBuffalo(s) are usually found in southern and
eastern Africa. (m~udnis=wun~~um7un1nl~~~a::n~~m::a"~aan.oa~ds::~nfi
d

r:

6. tlu-deh -en ~ ~ ~ d ~ u i u u i cP lI dJ Li ~ U ~ I U I U ~weak

~ U noun

-en tau /an/

diuiuaonwqb
OX

child
brother

6iuiuwgwob

oxen
children
brethren (dl
Tu-~I~)

alasoin

-en

diuda
?'a ( L W F I ~

ian I
/an I
/an I

~6n
iydw'os~axla15+au
Hiaui

7. r i ~ u i u u ~ ~ n ~ u ~ - t d ~ ~ u ~ d ~ ~ n ~ ~ u ~ uhun1.i
tanw~~t~uwyw~Pd
tdiuut3uqns-n7ulud7 & d a u l ~ ~ ~ - t ~ ~ m . r t d d u u r r d a ~ ~ ~ n d ~ u ~ a . r a n w ~ ~ d d d
aank3usazmaj (back vowels iriu / U, u /) r~udiuiuwyw~Pdd~~en
t B u ~ n s - ~ &vront vowels rdu / I$ i / a 5 foot

feet

I feet

foot

1 /u/+

1 /u/

1 g-

goose

1 lice
1 men

louse
man
mouse

mice

moth

teeth

woman

women

8.

I
I

/i/

+/i/

a u l + al/
/ ~ e/

+ /e/

/u,a/ + / ~ , a /

1m

I
I
1

)/7~
LMI M&

is

(I~U

1 @a

diuiuui.m~u~zu"~d
t#~-dn"~tu'a
b ~ ~ ~ i ~ i u t o n ~ q 6u t t a : : ~ ~ w q d

I antelope

banrrcks

barracks

corps

corps

cod

cod

crossroads

crossroads

deer

deer

elk

elk (or elks)

1 Ash

'

fish (or Ashes)

flounder

flounder (or flounders)

glouse

glouse

1 hening
1 headquarters
1 mackerel
pike

nnsnnls mi~unms( d * r n M ~ r ~tdu

u
Hd?U~L~ndnH75~n
,(the Army Medical

I hemng (or henings) 1 di3llZId.5

1 headquarters
Ih h ~ h i
1 mackerel
I means
pike

I dain:railth6iahrd~?
1 33 auaunn tn4wilnluumsii~~ln7

I d a d d (d~l&3")

I
I

I
I

alms
athletics

trauu5wn r3u

mumps

'Isfifi~uqu

M L R ~ ~ Z ~

news

h1

niw3

physics

WnA
mrcilou

Iduilsrilan

billiards

politics

' diwywou' swlnes o~Iduuuld~flun7anis

~flun~~1duuun'uroo
~R~INHNIPJ

RU
~

I d # * * B i ~ w y w o u ' m e= qns n y
3 h ~ ~ ~ # ~ f (l~ m~ p de rno o ~d ~H w
~ O~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ W ~ U I U I~~uru(/kdiytt~iiri~u
W # ~ U ~ ~ J / ~ 7 no
ri.IaAiadw

s, z I

do~iA~ufliaii~a.ia:nm-ss n?a -se

QZ~~~~L~~~~'U#ULO~WO~UAZW~WOU'

a Burmese

two Burmese

n?wdi

a Ceylonese

two Ceylonese

UI.~%ROU

a Chinese

a Congolese

two Congolese

a Japanese

two Japanese

1114~
111~ouh
UI~~QU

a Javanese

two Javanese

111111

a Lebanese

two Lebanese

tll?LfiUlUOM

a Nepalese

two Nepalese

ai~~udin

a Siamese

+
+

two Siamese

111tlUlN

two~wiss

UI~A?U

two Vietnamese

111~?j~mUlN

a swiss
a Vietnamese

, two

Chinese

draughts

(AE checkers)
economics
United States

ethics
gallows
home economics

1 Linguistics

I niwor7nmi

Mathematics

p l 6 h~nncilj

Measles

T5plh

mechanics

naflinmf

-es,

lo. h u i ~ u i u n ~ u ~ r ~ r i d n n ~ ~ drdu
d~
m~ri)uil~61
~ ~ ~ u w -s,
~~~w'
Y d
vise -en ~ r d r i l ~ A i ~ ~ u w ~ wi ~uwi '~ ~ ~ F i i ~ ~ a ~01s
d ~ ~ ~ w o u '

anii (calves) iiuiu cattle U i p I r o n w ~ c itiioai~dronwo#i~r~unoon~~u

U

a cow

-,cows, a buU -, bulls, a calf -, cakes L

ifqeli7u

~ U ~ U

Many cattle are sufferingh r n this disease.

(iqct~icluinrnuhkiqudiqu~sfid)

~Y?R~Iu
~3 =md

people
police

gently
majority

wan@

poddry
vermin

minority

f l ~ d ~ ~ u ' a ~

cattle
clergy

fludau'L~4

d s z m ~watil~s
9113'~~

tan

In' un

8d69tfifi 7 tdu H\I

tO~dcil4~di~spl~iIfi

uywel
A

siioli7u

hdiiadrri?errrilrrrenw~u'uci~ilud~u~un~nou'

1. The police are looking for a secofid cir.

2. Vermin are small animals such as ra& and mice.

(ne43u~flui.ltiin 1 ~ d uw\j)
3, Catholic clergy were deported to SiWa.

'

~uiauamZIJn~flud
7 rrhr housers = n i w q (jlvi~leqai)eye-glasses = ~ i u m

eye-glasses

jcans
pants (AE)
pincers
pliers
P Y ~ ~ U
(M pajamas)

m s

nhdffmfidsp
n~lna
ds~quau
ni.~~ndfi

scales

U~UO~

shorts

nwrw8ud
ni.~rnmen?
Aur~ftn
Auhnunuffi
AN #udinri!a
pnuou (rifa +
rnqmq)

spectacles

scissors

sheam

trousers (BE)

tweezers

assets

goods
manners

billiards

the Middle Ages

8u61
ui3mn
0fUYUna~hd~a3mumi
tloqq1'1d(dqruicu R . a
400- 1400)

bowels

oats

chattels

odds

clothes

outskirts

congratulations

premises

contents

fegards

customs

remains

draughts

savings

earnings

stairs

eaves

steps

embers

suds

entrails

sumundings

fetters

thanks
victuals

Innin (= chances)

wages

~~<I~VMRUUIU

Riodqr ( i 7 ~ ? ~ ~ i i ~ d tLaL Rr LML ~' U ~ ~ U ~ U W ~ W P M ' I ~ U F J

1.

His jeans are too tight.

(ni~~nuiiudaautaiKu~fiu1d)
s

2. Where are your eye-glasses?

They are somewhefe in the living room.

(uiumioflu~u~u~du)
3. The outskirfs of Bangkok are about ten kilometers h m here.

(mu~iia~an.m.~~tnn,
adiiqhnddd.r:uiol i o 31atum5)
4 . Give my regards to your family.
a a -

(clin~aiu5znno~o~~5~ufiha~~q~6~~)
5. The odds are that you are going to fail.

oats = &?Ian L ~ u ~ I u ~ u w ~ Wlllrmuntable

Q ~
noun LL~#CIR~U7 8 7 1 arm

wheat = h?~);
LLne barley = fi?ulflnd
46

M W R

l ~ ~ d l ~ l % J l o uncountable
f l W Q ~ nouns
EN 101

d9PI

wing nouns) QZ%J?ti

~d~uu.sdo7n~~u~utonw~w'16~w~w~dt~o)
du 7 lnun7.stlu
U

iY~Qun'7uei-1

1 agendum

agenda

alumnus

alumni

a11u

analysis

analyses

813~

apparatus

apparatuses

811~

appendix

appendices H%

8 % ~

appendixes

EII~~u

axis

axes

bacterium

bacteria

basis

bases

ai1u
nim"~
n3n

bandit

bandits, banditti

B~~LSUU

beau

beaux, beaus

dtslflil

bureau

bureaux (BE)
~ U I W U S CAE)

tltsrcrn

cactus

cacti, cactuses

cherub

cherubim

aih
auz

crisis

crises

criterion

criteria

diagnosis

diagnoses

n:
nTn
n4n

dilettante

dilettanti, dilettantes

&I1L$UU

erratum

e mta

818~

focus

foci, focuses

~1%

formula

formulae

a73u

fungus

fungi, funguses

a7$u

genius

geniuses, genii

81%

gens

rda ~ii
sn
u'ndnaqj $iCi.jnsad
(genii = fi

hypothesis

hypotheses,

index

indexes, indices

afl18)

E~UU~~IU

ai6~

~tdl

kibbutzim
madams, mesdames
media, mediums

medium

11

memorandum
monsieur

1 nucleus

memoranda
messieurs
nuclei, nucleuses

I oasis

(mediums = HUM54 j74M54)

oases
ova

ovum

u'wfinfl-riubi
qa(2nu
qudnais l ~ n n i 4
dad
~~~a~nuwa~~a:ri;lun::ranmu
raaAldumuy~d~1aiSm12u~w~
9

H@

parenthesis

parentheses

phenomenon

phenomena

radius

radii, radiuses

~n4osnuiu-r~ilu
uut%ol
dmngn~.id

stamen

stamina

s'nii-rsnau
~na.ih$

stimulus

stimuli

d4fl.i::qu

stratum

strata

d U n (= social class)

'

I synthesis
termius

1 syntheses

m i n i , terminuses

dd'izau n i d s a ~ u
daiunw
3nuiiiwud

thesis

I vertebra

&

vertebrae, vertebras

Exercise 4 Underline the nouns among these words:

I
I

is, rich, team, papaya, sing, childhood, early, strength,

cannot, pencil, shoe, Alice; tall, school, power, beauty,
Edward, Park Street, soon, writer, flbck, singer,
badness,

anger, river, quickly, joy,

elk,

II

now,

mountain, buys, Friday, Mt. Everest, belong, tomorrow

Exercise 5 Underline the common nouns:

the Atlantic Ocean, sea, water, wind, monsoon, the

Nile, The Bible, book, pencil, bank, Rex cinema,
school, cinema, bus, King's College, pen, house

Exercise 6 Underline the.abstract nouns:

whiteness, sweetness, house, car, smoke, speed,

hunger, depth, feeling, sorrow, lorry, bus, radio
Exercise 7 Underline the proper nouns:

Lumpur, night, dog, rain, sheep, England, Singapore,

Exercise 8 Underline the collective nouns:

bunch, ruler, school, soldier, army, bird, flock, player,

team, boy, student, class, father, family

I

Exercise Q Complete each sentences with a suitable noun.

Example: He likes fish.
2.

..................................
She reads ..................................

3.

We eat

1. Iplay

4.

.................................. every morning.

He buys ..................................for his children.

I
I

..................................to school.
6. H e i s a ...................................
7. I want to be a ...................................
8. Mary writes ..................................to her friends.
9. You have a beautiful ...................................
10. I bought a .................................. of flowerg.
11. A ..................................tells the time.
12. The ..................................barks all night.
1 3. He sat on a ..................................
14. A ..................................
can fly.
1 5. A ..................................of bananas costs 20 baht.
5.

He rides a

Exercise 10 Give the plural for each of these nouns.

1. book
2. chair
3. leaf

4. pencil
5. shoe

'

.................................... 17. potato

.................................... 18.foot
............................"...... 19.class .
...................,............... 20. church
,
+ .................................... 21. woman
+

....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
....................................
,
+

6. pen

...............................

22. child

--+

7. mouse

23. ox

8. sheep

24. man

--+

25. fish

--+

9.

gun

n
.

10. radio

2 6. furniture +

1 1. 'thief

27.advice

1 2. nose

2 8. knowledge-+

1 3. foot

2 9. deer

-b

1 4. daughter

30. proof

-+

15.lady

3 1. roof

--+

16.knife

3 2. cattle

-b

--+

Exercise 1 1 Change the following proper nouns into proper adjectives.

1.

Africa

11. California

2.

Algeria

12. Cambodia

3. America
4.

Angola

13. Cuba
14. Egypt

5. Arab

15. Jordan,

6. Armenia

16. Korea

7.

17. Libya

Asia

8. Australia
9.

Austria

10. Bulgaria

18. Nigeria
1 9. Scandinavia
20. Syria

r i ~ r i m l i i w ~ (Determiners)
rr

1 n~oriigwiwn'

ambitious, due to, location, respected,

superior, intern, relief, riot, assassination,
enrolled, earned
n~&rcinsd ~IJIHCIUIN
(Determiners)

A bright and ambitious student, Clinton chose

Georgetown University due to its location in Washington,
D.C., and its respected programs in foreign service. At
Georgetown Clinton was a superior student. He was
active in student government and served as an intern for
Senator Fulbright of Arkansas. In 1968. shortly before his
graduation, he performed volunteer relief work for the
Red Cross during the riots that followed the assassination
of Martin Luther King. Afer graduation, Clinton went to
Oxford University in England as a Rhodes Scholar and
traveled through much of Europe and the Soviet Union.
Upon his return to America, he enrolled in Yale Law
School, where three years later he earned his degree.'

From: .Our President: Their Lives and Storiesqqby Nancy

Skarmeas
1

din$uw'cn'~$uwiruiiia d i ~ i u G i u i u(determiners)

bright (adj.)

LQ#U-JQ~~~

ambitious (adj.)
location (n.)
respected program (adj, + n.)

= ~nsqnizdii~u~p

foreign service (adj. + n,)

= n~sviwdsrmfi

intern (n.)

= cj8iiunisilnHk

~daui%n

Senator (n.)

perform (v.)

= dfi173 n.jrvli d7~Quni.j

volunteer relief work

(n. (adj.) + n. (adj.) + n.)
the Red Cross (compound n.)

riots (n.)

= n~.j9ai?a

assassination (n.)

= nisaau3w75

enrolled (v.)

= aa7n~~#7~%tu
~S~ZL~UUL~UU

eamed (v.)

= 'l6s'u

~lud~aailo~~~uluug~ur~l~mnu'n~

= anin~mn

1. ambitious (ad].):, ~nnunawanruiunsz8e%iu

I

synonym: aspiring, strong desire to be successful

Ex: My fiie4d is a very ambitious girl and she wants to play at the highest
level.
(dnuantsiu~tlucjH~.jir"~'n~7unu~~u~nu~u7~
~~ar~~s6a~rnsd~~~~~iuIu~
J

nqqnqm)

2. due to (prep.):

LWT~:

d
LU~).JGY~

synonym: because of

Ex: John went to bed late last night due to the large volume of letters.
(~o~uou~n~do~ucm~~Yy~p~~~u~~nuiu~iu~uu~n)

dk

3. location (n.):

~cnulR

synonym: site, the place where something is situated

Ex: The fxst thing he looked at was his ofice's loc?ation.

(&~~snila~uoqfiao
ao~udk~mdii~iuaMlai)
4. respected (adj.) : h6wua:diaul~ ~ ~ u ~ i i u ~ u a a u

synonym: admirdd and important

Ex: Nida is a highly respected translator of American novels.

s w

dd

d m

(~mi~~u~nudnuaiiuiuarusnun~dunuu~~ua~uadi~~in

5. superior (adj.):

uam~duuh~ilfl ~niianii

synonym: better, higher, excellent, remarkable

Ex: Clinton was said to be of very superjor intellige~ce.

( 1 ~ s7 ~m6uji~
6. intern (n.):

~ R U R U ~ R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I L ~ ~ ~ Q I I ~ ~ D O ~ ~ ~ U U )
WJ

~n~nwilnHkniogn~w~~ud~~~i~~ufl~s"~o~~%ni

synonym : advanced student, recent graduate

Ex: Mary was an intern for her teaching training in Buffalo.

(uuias~flufi8nv7~n~'li)aDuHu'~~a1ut~o~~~lfla~a)
7. relief (n.):

finuthuln3o ( ~ K U R U P U

R U ~ Sn?o~uQnis)
~

synonym: aid (for the poor, aged, or handicapped)

Ex: No relief drivers were available.

~nifiu~us~~~unulu7~

8. riot (n.): niroaios

synonym: a violence public disorder

Ex: At the prison, five men were killed during the riot.
(mugdimt15mu1Uqnlus:nii~rns~ai~a)
9. assassination (n.): niraou8q~is
synonym: murder by sudden or secret attack

Ex: The police were investigating the assassination of John F. Kennedy.

( o i i s ? ~ r i ~ S ~ m ' j ' l o ~ ~ o u n ~oadu
s ~ 3 a u n '1m~u6i)
~~~~

lo.

enrolled (v.):

EJhf L & L ~ U U ~ S ~ Y Y L ~ ~ L I U ~ U U

synonym: registered

Ex: At 2 7, he enrolled in an interior design course at London's Royal

'

College of art.
aiamsi~i~naucilou) .
1 1 . earned (v.) :

16;~

synonym: received

(as return for effort), gained

Ex: What should be the best way to earn a living?

mddd
(aacilnq~~luun~nilu~n~n'u~~so::~fiu~:Is)

huiuaQmviiq 7 dnhluirr8lIuund 1 ~-rii~cirriiuiudduni7

determiners &uci~eonrfiu4 n4u2Re
L

1 . Articles: a, an the
2. Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
3. Possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their

'

4. Expression of qm~rtlty ( ~ w ~ H v ~ u Y ~ ~ ~ ~ H ~ J & ~u ?7 u 5) :

each, some, either, any, every

d vrl
luussm~d~rjia~7u7utq
4 nq'u Articles ~rt~undun~tsuun~~7E~nqu
~=:l#ijru7nCfgmtvrmrtfi~A~hddfia~u~~u~u~au"oun'u
your (~SD
his tJt?u%
h%~tncuh?sla'Articles U R ~ ~ ~ ~ U R ~ I ~ R U D L ~ tws7r(il$aa'n
D I ~ ~ A ~ ~ ' ~ W = :
U

uar an t:un-jl lndeliote article t f l u A ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ u ~ u ~ ~ t 1 ~ m ~

au7uaoqd7u7ui7tguiqad~~mada7 1d 1u'#tarnrto7so~.j7t~ud~1au
Cuhu
a

07fi

I want to 'buy a necktie. ( h h m # a ~ u ~ ; l n i ~ d u ~ d ~ )

Please give me a dollar. (UDL~U1 mand1.f)

Ann is an actress. (LL~UL$U~LLHGI~)

HTE

cY

~rcn'aql~?
an ur mau6uiuniu~~%YJ~C"LIU~

~ r l a# (@#6oq~tu'I~-h
tfiu

ti!u~iiPd{aarnm tdu university t ~ u r i ~ i $ u ( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a t ~ W

/y/wlu?dtBuq
~qj'tlur
Rsr /a/ %&d$ a university

[La:: an Q Z ( ~ ~ M I ~ A ~ U ~ U ~ O J ' U ~ (Countable

&
nouns) uari

~l~7uau7dmun"3
7 1d

K~Q~IJ

1u'taw7rt~7r~~i7tfiuiq~m
Dih

di?1m

A dog is an animal. ( q ~ ~ ~ f l u ,t % ~ ~ )

I work in an office. (6uY11.~1uhuIS~n)

I have an aunt. (6uifl1)
Tom works at a university. (nouY1wiu~uu~i~nulfl'u)

I need an hour to finish my homework.

4 d

(6u#o.~Itr'r~m
1 djSW~wan~zY11~iulfl~do)
I bought a hat. ( ~ ~ B o a u ~ n u i ~ u ~ d u )
f i ~ 1 ~ 7 u ~ ~ l d ~ d 7 d l L ~~ L FR ~I I ~U ~~& ~L ~~' UPL uQ W' ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ " W

&d

~::~ioqdduums'I#~7n
a, an ~ f some
l ~(iad?duambluw (quantifiers)
two, a few, several, a lot tfluh
I ate a banana. ( h ~ m u n f i u ~ u ~ d ~ )
had74
I ate some bananas. (6un'lun6!?u)
I ate two bananas. (&uniun&uaodu)

PZIA*a M%

an visa quantitiers ( I ~ ~ ~ A ~ u T U ~ U ' UO'~IU~S%IUR~"U

'L~

c h u ~ u i l ~ n u ~ 7aW~ ~ u l ~
Bananas are inexpensive in Thailand.
cniadiu
(nli?anm~qnluds~rn~lnu)

Fruit is good for everybody. (w alrldJd'~arlriuyn~v)

hod7u
L

1. A dog is an animal. (~~%rfl~iYa$

Dogs an animals. (q$rguad)

2. Spanish is a language. ( ~ c n d r d ~ r ~ u n l w i ~ d . ~ )

Spanish and Italian are languages. ( ~ ~ ~ ~ M J u ~ r ~ z ~ a B n ~ ~ u u ~ ~ u n i w i )

an interesting book ( a book) (nfiiloi(tiiiwb)

a blue eye (an eye) (miafii)

an important leader ( a leader) (@?fiuh6'qj)

a faithful animal (an animd) (b4ddoiTnhrinn'nfi)

an honest guesi (a guest) (uunddnk~rl)

a big umbrella i(an umbrella) (iu6ufnqj)

1. iu*emeuAimu What's your job?

occupation? (cqm~niihuszb) n%

( ( q m i i ~ ~ a z h )M%I

What's your

What are you? (qcui~~iuozb)

I am a student.

My father is a senator.

(a'urfluu'ndnwi)

(dnao~bdq4am%n)

I am a nurse.

We are singers.

(nYurfluu~.jwuiu~n)

(rmtbuu"ns'E1~)

I am a lecturer.

Tom and I are policemen.

(a'ur3uai915u'>

(nouuaua"utbudim)

Tom is a psychiatrist.

Jim was a truck diver.

(nourfIu5mrrwn6)

(b8udu.rau5sqn)

I My sister is a housewife. 1 Liz is

an artist.

~1~~44lu?uaiT4
7
a hundred

a great deal of

a thousand

a little