Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Workbook
(Special English)
Class-IX
Price Rs.
Direction
M. K. Singh, I.A.S.
Commissioner,
M. P. Rajya Shiksha Kendra, Bhopal
Coordination
Shakuntala Shrivastava
Coordinator-Curriculum, Textbook and TLM
M. P. Rajya Shiksha Kendra, Bhopal
Subject-Coordinators
Writers
Moderators
Editors
Typesetting
EE
Workbook
Approved by
Madhya Pradesh Textbook Standing Committee
S.No.
01.
Designation
Chairman
02.
Member
03.
Member
04.
Member
05.
Member
06.
Member
07.
Member
08.
Member
09.
Member
Educationist, Bhopal
10.
11.
Commissioner
Rajya Shiksha Kendra, Bhopal
Member
Secretary
Commissioner
Member
12.
Secretary
Member
13.
Managing Director
Member
14.
Representative - NCERT
Member
15.
Member
Guest
Member
16.
Workbook
EEE
Foreword
The Rainbow is an English elective course book intended for students of Class-IX of Madhya
Pradesh Secondary Board. Through this book we intend to give students exposure to English
literature. The book includes
*
Poetry
We recognize that :
*
English skills are necessary for students as they grow up and enter the job market or work
on their own.
Students must be exposed to texts that they can understand and appreciate in terms of
content, including cultural content and meaning.
Grammatical items must be so chosen that they could be integrated with the lessons.
The textbook should also equip students to reach out and read material that is relevant for
them but which could not be included here.
With these aims in view the material contained here has been chosen and graded according
to reader appeal. Our emphasis is on the ability of learners to learn the language through a
focus on meaning. If students are asked to spend most of their time in consulting a dictionary or
looking up for difficult words, they are not left with much time to learn the linguistic skills. The
choice of lessons-poems, essays, short stories and one act plays ensures exposure to classic
as well as to modern, living authors, British and American as well as Indian. Moreover, most of
the extracts given here are from representative and well-known authors and poets, though care
has been taken not to include material that is oft repeated. The wide variety of selection - from
Shakespeare to Ruskin Bond would, it is hoped, certainly appeal to our learners. An attempt has
been made to acquaint learners with the changing moods and styles in literature.
The activities and exercises in each lesson will help in developing reading comprehension,
vocabulary, grammar and other language skills. The exercise given after each lesson would
provide sufficient practice to learners.
Vocabulary exercises are set to develop related skills like spelling, formation of words,
understanding of synonyms and antonyms and the like. Activities for speaking and writing have
also been provided for the overall enhancement of the vocabulary of learners.
EL
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Abstract explanations have been kept to the minimum. Where the lesson demands literary
features of that work have been explained and exercies have also been given to ensure the
understanding of the literary feature.
As we are living in the age of globalization, we need citizens who can use English in different
ways in varied situations, so the learners are required to be equipped with essential language
skills and to have confidence to use it in daily life. With this shift of emphasis from learning for
learning sake to learning for using the language we have developed the following materials :
i.
ii.
A workbook-containing listening, speaking, reading, writing and grammar activities for more
practice
Since exercises for listening and speaking have been given with the text, their technical
aspects like English sounds and stress are being provided in the workbook to help both
learners as well as teachers.
There is a careful balance between structure (the way language is organised) and function
(the way language is used).
Unseen passages and poems for comprehension have also been given.
Writing has been given due importance by providing exercises for writing reports, description,
paragraph, letter, essay etc.
We hope that the learner friendly material provided here would enable the teachers also to
develop the needed skills in the learners. Teachers with ingenuity and imagination would be able
to interest learners in the task of making learning fun.
Commissioner
Rajya Shiksha Kendra
Bhopal
Workbook
CONTENTS
S. No. Lesson
LE
Page No.
1.
The Victory
3.
18
4.
30
5.
36
6.
Arise, Awake!
46
7.
54
8.
59
9.
The Mission-Agni
67
10.
Polonious Advice
76
11.
80
12.
88
13.
97
14.
103
15.
110
16.
118
17.
On Saying Please
123
18.
137
Pronunciation
144
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Bharat our Land
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
New words are formed by joining two words. They are called compound
words.
Examples : policeman, washerman
Now, write some compound words beginning with any-
Example : anywhere
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
..........................
B.
C.
The poet has used words like Himvant and Ganga, make a list of
other words which are not English words in the poem.
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
......................
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place
plays
loose
lose
niece
knees
price
prize
ass
as
hiss
his
D.
It is not desirable to confuse /s/ and /5/ because many words are kept
separate only by this difference. You must take special care with these
phonemes (sounds). The replacement of /s/ by /5/ gives a bad effect to
ones speech.
Now, listen, repeat and then write the following words in your notebook.
so
show
ass
ash
sock
shock
mess
mesh
sort
short
sigh
shy
see
she
same
shame
Listening Skill
A.
After listening to the poem recollect and answer the following questions
(keep your book closed).
- Whats the poem about?
...............................................................................................................
- What are the last two lines of the poem?
...............................................................................................................
If you find any difficulty in answering the above questions, read the poem
again.
C.
*Listen to the lines of the poem Bharat our Land and pay attention to
the rhythm :
The mighty Himavant is ours
The generous Ganga is ours
The sacred Upanishads are ours
The sunny golden land is ours.
Now say :
- What are the major objects highlighted in the lines?
...............................................................................................................
- Make a list of some words you recall from the poem.
...............................................................................................................
Speaking Skill
A.
In the poem Bharat our Land the poet praises our country. Getting
inspiration from the same, lets praise the following :
Madhya Pradesh - our state
My sweet home
You may use the following words/phrases : big/ small, beautiful, unique,
specialities, memories, other things about it.
B.
Life is like a journey. We meet many people in our life. They leave
different impressions on us. Speak a few sentences :
about a close friend
about someone whom you met only once
Reading Skill
Read the poem carefully and answer the questions given below it.
This, this is the land that saw
father and mother live and thrive.
This is the land where countless ancestors
lived their hoary lives and died.
Thoughts a thousand grew
and flourished in this land.
In remembrance of it all
may I not praise my land?
Let me sing time and again
Mother, I bow to you.
Mother, I bow to you.
This, this is the land that gave us
birth and suck and the light of knowledge.
"
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Questions :
1.
2.
3.
Find out words from the poem which mean the following.
(i)
________________
(ii) absorb
________________
________________
________________
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Writing Skill
A.
Write a short composition, using the adjectives you have learned in the
poem praising your city or place.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B.
Write the poem you have read in the text in prose form.
Begin like this :
(150 words)
R
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The Victory
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
All the following sentences have one incorrect spelling. Encircle the
incorrect one, write the correct spellings and rewrite the sentences.
(i)
Why are the words in bold type more suitable in the context than those
in brackets?
Alexander the great (renowned, talented, big) had won many battles
(encounters, fights, quarrels). His desire (wish, fancy, urge) was to conquer
(defeat, overpower, capture) the world.
C.
writhing
breeding
breathing
loading
loathing
ladder
lather
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D.
1.
2.
3.
/
Some of the most common English words which contain sound /
are three, thin, thank, thick, thing, thirsty, both, cloth etc. Write
/ sound.
some more English words which contain /
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
breed - breathe
den - then
load - loathe
die - thy
side - scythe
Now, find some similar examples and write them in the given space.
&
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
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Listening Skill
*Listen to the Iranian short story which tells about the Nature's
justification with each and everything.
A peasant driving a donkey reached a melon farm. Tired and thirsty, he sat
down and rested under the shade of a nearby walnut tree. Enjoying the view of the
spreading vines of big watermelons, he looked up and noticed a few walnuts dangling
among the very high branches of a monstrously high tree. Bewildered by the work
of God, he wondered why small walnuts grew on such an enormous tree, while the
big watermelons hung from a flat and flimsy vine. The puzzled peasant was lost in
his thought when a falling walnut hit his head. He stretched his hands high up
towards the sky and said thankfully, O Almighty God, it was clever of you not to
let melons grow on big trees, for I would have been dead by now.
On the basis of the text you have listened to, complete the following :
1.
2.
3.
4.
In the beginning of the story the peasant was not happy with the act of the
God because ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2.
What would have happened if a melon had fallen upon the head of the peasant
instead of the walnut?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3.
In the end of the story the peasant was thankful to God because....
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
'
Speaking Skill
Conversation is an important medium to know each others views. People sit
and talk among themselves for a long time. During this activity they talk on a variety
of subjects. Conversation should be always natural so that participants can feel
free to put forth their views. People involve themselves in natural conversation
while travelling, at a dinner, at tea time, during morning walk etc.
Suppose, you are at a marriage party with your friends. Imagine what you all
will talk among yourselves about :
the bride and bridegroom
the decoration of the venue
the food items
the guest and the hosts
the weather
You can use the words like : grand party, excellent arrangements, dignitaries,
pleasant weather, wonderful decoration, spacious place, delicious food items .... .
Reading Skill
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given
below it.
Who is truly a great man? He does not have to be famous. He does not have
to leave his name in history books. In my judgement he is, as it were, the sort of
person who would warmly welcome some unhappy old woman in order to end her
afflictions and set her free from her problems.
It makes no difference how far an advanced civilization may be or how many
physical conveniences it provides. No amount of material possessions can soften
the sort of anguish one feels as a human being. I might even go so far as to say that
the more advanced and developed a civilization is, the more unhappy its people
are. One viewpoint is that the superficial prosperity of our age only increases the
fundamental afflictions which we experience as human beings. In such an age;
therefore, the noblest sort of human being is the one who is willing to embrace the
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sorrows of his neighbour and thereby acts in order to create a truly peaceful and
happy society.
I would like you and all other young people like you, who will be the next
generation of leaders, to become just such noble human beings. To accomplish
that end, I think youll have to begin right now to discipline yourselves, to absorb
knowledge and furnish yourselves with the skills you will need for that day.
Whether studying or participating in student organizations and extra curricular
activities, or solving problems that arise with your friends, you have endless
occasions to improve yourself. I sincerely trust that you will positively search out
opportunities for improvement to face challenges in life squarely so that you might
mature into an outstanding individual.
Questions :
1.
b.
c.
the psychologists.
b.
c.
b.
c.
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2.
(ii) A truly noble being embraces the sorrows of others most willingly.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
(iii) Various school activities provide opportunities for self improvement.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. Mention the suggestions given by the author to next generation to become
noble human beings.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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2.
3.
4.
The above sentences are in simple past. Simple past tense is used to refer a
definite time in past.
Now, talk to your friends and frame five sentences on what they did yesterday/
last week.
1. _______________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________
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!
B.
4.
He worked in that bank for four years. (but he does not work there now)
2.
She lived in Mumbai for a long time. (but she is not living there now)
3.
He played for that club for six years. (but he is not playing for that club
now)
She studied in the Govt. college for three years. (but she is not studying in
that college now.)
Now, talk to your parents or grandparents, and frame five sentences. Where
they lived/studied_____(place) for _____(time period).
Example : My grandmother lived in Varanasi for a long time.
1.
____________________________________________________
2.
____________________________________________________
3.
____________________________________________________
4.
____________________________________________________
5.
____________________________________________________
2.
3.
4.
Past continuous and past simple together can be used to say that
something happened in the middle of something else.
"
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_______________________________________________
2.
_______________________________________________
3.
_______________________________________________
4.
_______________________________________________
5.
_______________________________________________
2.
Yash bought a new exercise book, because he had filled his old one.
3.
Arun was not at home when I arrived. He had just gone out.
4.
The Past Perfect Tense is used to show that one action that was
completed before another action in the past. The action completed
before another will take past perfect ( ....... + had + v3 + ...... ) and
the later action will take simple past.
Yash brought a new exercise book because he had filled his old one.
The past perfect tense is used to show that one action was completed before
another action in the past.
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Now, put the verbs in brackets into the correct simple past or past
perfect tense.
1.
2.
She ..................... hardly (say) this, when Malasha ........... (plump) down
her foot.
3.
4.
When he (reach) the railway station the train ................. already (leave).
Writing Skill
A.
You are the editor of your school magazine. Write a notice inviting the names
of those who would like to give articles, stories, cartoons etc. for the school
magazine.
(50 words)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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B.
Narrate the popular encounter of Alexander with the Indian King Puru.
(150 words)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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Little girls wiser than men
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
1.
2.
(b) out
(c) over
(d) up
(b) in
(c) out
(d) on
The men _______at the little girls, and were ashamed, and laughing at
themselves, went back each to his own home.
(a) looked
B.
(d) carriage
4.
(c) sledge
3.
(b) cart
(b) saw
(c) watched
(d) observed
Write different meanings of the word colour and use them in sentences of
your own.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
&
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C.
D.
_____________
homemade
_____________
homesick
_____________
homeward
_____________
homegrown
_____________
homecoming
_____________
homestead
_____________
hometown
_____________
Listening Skill
A.
Monu
- Yes, it is.
Raman
Monu
- Sorry, Im his son, Monu. Father has left his cell phone at home.
He has gone for a morning walk and may come back within ten
minutes.
Raman
Monu
- OK, Ill let him know. Sorry, I have forgotten your name.
Raman
* The teacher will ask two students to read the talk aloud.
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'
Monu
Raman
Monu
- Oh, please.
Raman
Monu
Now, complete the following sentences on the basis of the above talk.
B.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
iv.
v.
*Listen to the expressions given on the flags. Pay attention to the tone
and stress.
Hello!
Sorry.
Parden me.
Thank you.
O.K.
Excuse me!
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Speaking Skill
A.
Yes, I do.
No, Im an Indian.
Vinod.
I have three.
Its mine.
To Khandwa.
Reading Skill
Read the given passage and answer the questions given below it.
Jamaica is a West Indian Island. The local people were replaced by the slavelabourers from Africa. The problem of racial discrimination had been continuing.
The writer went to tram-car-lines every morning from his home and returned in the
evening.
One morning, when he was going to the tram-car-lines, he saw two little boys
playing together. One of them was a white boy and the other one was a brown. He
found the white boy commanding the brown boy who was obeying him. The writer
was very sad to notice the incident as he thought that those little boys were also
taken up with the thought of racial discrimination.
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He thought that the brown boy might be a servant in the family of the white
boy. But soon he discarded the idea as both the boys were wearing same kind of
clothes. Then he thought that the brown boy might be the white boys neighbour.
Anyway the incident hurt the feelings of the writer. Next day, he saw the boys
playing. He was amazed to watch that this time the dark boy was commanding the
white boy who was obeying him. It was more surprising when he saw a white man
standing at the gate and watching the boys. The writer realized that it was a game in
which each one of them became boss and the other one became a slave on alternate
days. He was very much relaxed and comforted. He decided to relieve himself
from such ideas. He went to the man and began explaining what he had thought.
The white man then smiled and said that the two boys were brothers and they were
his sons. He pointed to a brown lady who was standing in a veranda calling the
children. She was his wife. The writer was very happy to have such kind of
experience.
Questions :
1.
2.
On the basis of your reading of the above passage, complete the following
statements.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
What amazed the author when he saw the little boys playing?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
ii.
The author thought that the brown boy was a servant in the family of the
white boy, why did he discard the idea later?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
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3.
Pick out words from the passage which have the following meanings:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
ii.
I have always written with my left hand. (I still write with my left hand.)
iii.
iv.
The sentences written above are in present perfect tense. In this tense the
action usually begins in the past and continues by the time of speaking in the
present.
The present perfect used with for and since
(a) for is used with a period of time : for seven days, for a long time
(b) since is used with a point of time and means from that point to the
time of speaking
Now, write questions with how long.
Example : Lata is learning Sanskrit? How long has she been learning Sanskrit?
i.
It is raining.
ii.
iii.
I live in Indore.
_____________________________
iv.
He studies maths.
_____________________________
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_____________________________
B.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
2.
3.
4.
In two years time (i.e. two years from now) I shall have taken my degree.
5.
1.
"
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2.
3.
4.
5.
Put the verbs in brackets into the future perfect tense and rewrite the
sentences.
1.
I hope they (repair) this road by the time we come back next summer.
____________________________________________________
2.
By the end of any tour I (give) exactly the same lecture 10 times.
____________________________________________________
3.
4.
5.
C.
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ii.
iii.
In the above sentences The players, Vinod and Kashmir have been replaced
by They, He and It respectively. These words are pronouns.
A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun or noun equivalent.
Types of Pronouns
1.
Personal Pronoun
The personal pronoun forms can be conveniently set out in a table along with
their possessive adjective forms :
Person
Subject
Object
Possessive
adjective
Possessive
pronoun
Singular
me
my
mine
Plural
we
us
our
ours
Second person
you
you
your
yours
Third person
he
him
his
his
Singular
she
her
her
hers
it
it
its
they
them
their
First person
Singular/plural
Plural
theirs
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2.
3.
Demonstrative pronouns
Examples of these are - this, that, these, those.
Example : This is an interesting book.
These pronouns also have their adjective forms.
Example : We have read this book.
4.
Indefinite pronouns
These are someone, everyone, no one.
Example : One should do ones best.
5.
Distributive pronouns
These are each, every, either, neither
Example : Each of the boys gave a rupee to the magician.
6.
Interrogative pronouns
These are used for asking questions. They are who, whom, whose, which and
what. Who is used for persons and which for persons and things.
Example :
7.
Relative pronouns
These are the words : who, whom, whose, which, that and when. They
introduce descriptive (i.e., adjective) clauses.
1.
2.
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A.
The teacher has sent the book for you and _____________. (personal
pronoun)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
&
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Writing Skill
Complete the flow chart narrating the sequence of incidents from Little
girls wiser than men.
Malasha and Akoulya meet in a lane.
R
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"
Past and Present
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
B.
Write antonyms :
never
________________
day
________________
heavy
________________
close
________________
joy
________________
near
________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
hard
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
light
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
swing
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
air
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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C.
When should you use further and when is it better to say farther?
Frame sentences using them.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
D.
Listening Skill
A.
*Listen to the poem and enjoy its rhyme, rhythm and intonation. In the
poem The Light of other Day the poet Thomas Moore recalls the
memories of his previous days :
Oft in the stilly night
Ere slumbers chain has bound me
Fond Memory brings the light
Of other days around me
The smiles, the tears
Of boyhoods years,
The words of love then spoken
The eyes that shone,
Now dimmd and gone
The cheerful hearts now broken!
Thus in the stilly night
Ere slumbers chain has bound me,
Sad Memory brings the light
Of other days around me.
!
Very often the poet recalls the smiles, the tears, words of love, the eyes,
the cheerful hearts etc.
What has happened to the following things now, say orally.
-
to the eyes
Whenever the poet is sad, he gets happiness through his past memories. Do
you have such memories which you want to share in the class, take only two
to three minutes.
The lines of the poem the stilly night and ere slumbers chain has bound
me are repeated, say why?
Speaking Skill
Look at the following picture and describe it orally.
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Reading Skill :
Read the following poem carefully and answer the questions given below it.
There is a house now far away where once
I received love... that woman died,
The house withdrew into silence, snakes moved
Among books I was then too young.
To read and my blood turned cold like the moon.
How often I think of going
There to peer through blind eyes of windows or
Just listen to the frozen air,
Or in wild despair, pick an armful of
Darkness to bring it here to lie
Behind my bedroom door like a brooding
Dog.... ...you cannot believe, darling,
Can you, that I lived in such a house and
Was proud, and loved.... ...I who have lost
My way and beg now at strangers doors to
Receive love, at least in small change.
Questions :
1.
What does the poetess express after the death of her grandmother? Write any
two expressions from the poem.
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!!
2.
Read the poem again and complete the following statements with suitable
words.
(a) The eyes of the windows are described as blind because_____.
(b) The air in grandmothers house is described as frozen because_____.
3.
4.
Which words/ phrases give you the idea that the poetess wants to be loved?
5.
Find words in the poem which mean the same as the words/ phrases given
below:
(a) retracted / move back from place or situation/ pulled out.
(b) look closely or carefully at especially when you cannot see it clearly.
(c) without any hope or confidence.
d)
Writing Skill
A.
Discuss with your elders and write about the pleasures they experienced
when they were young.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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B.
so far
lately
recently
since
in recent years
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
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Dead Mans Riddle
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
The adverb often means many times and in many cases also. Now
use the word often in different sentences.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B.
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________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
C.
D.
The word oft means often. List some more words of this type. Example
lo means look.
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Often there are many silent letters in the spellings of English words.
Here are some such words. Practise saying them.
debt, hard, walk, autumn, bomb, curd
Now, write some more words like these and pronounce them.
E.
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
Listening Skill
*Listen to the passage which inform the ways of invitations. How do
Canadians and Americans invite their friends for a cup of coffee or dinner?
In Canada and United States, people enjoy entertaining at home. They often
invite friends over for a meal, a party or just for coffee and conversation. Here are
* The teacher will read it aloud.
Workbook
!%
the kinds of things people say when they invite someone to their home :
Would you like to come over for dinner, Saturday night?
Hey, were having a party on Friday, can you come?
To reply to an invitation, either say thank you and accept or say youre sorry
and give an excuse :
Thanks, Id love to. What time would you like me to come? or Oh, sorry,
I have tickets for a movie.
Sometimes, however, people use expressions that sound like invitations but
which are not real invitations. For example :
Please come over for a cup of tea sometime.
Lets get together for lunch soon.
Why dont you come over and see us sometime soon?
To reply to invitations like these, people just say, Sure, that would be great!
or O.K., yes, thanks.
When we meet some friend or relative on the way, we greet him generally, by
saying - Hello, Namaskar, Hi etc.
Divide the class into two groups. Ask each group alternatively.
What do we say:
when we depart
when somebody invites us for a dinner at his home
when you refuse an invitation, politely
when you request your friends to join your birthday party at your residence
when you make apologies for some slips
When you greet your acquaintance on the occasion of new year
!&
Workbook
Speaking Skill
You have heard that, in olden days, people used to settle their disputes
in Panchayats. Just talk, how did they do it.
Discuss with your friends about the life of people some hundred years
ago, on the basis of following questions :
Reading Skill
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Mullah Do Piyaza, famous for his wit, had a quarrelsome neighbour who had
a nasty dog that enjoyed howling without any reason. It particularly loved to break
into fits of barking after midnight. Mullah hated it, for he loved to sleep peacefully
after a hard days work.
Once he returned home late at night. He was so tired that he went to sleep
immediately. After midnight he was suddenly awakened by the loud barking of the
neighbours dog. For some time he tried to control his temper. But when he couldnt
stand the loud barking any longer, he got up in a rage. He picked up his walking
stick and, going straight to the dog, began beating him severely.
At the first blow, the dog let out a very loud howl and started jumping and
barking at the top of its voice, trying to save itself from Mullahs blows.
This noisy game brought the master of the dog out of his house. Very annoyed
at what he saw, he shouted angrily.
Stop it, Mullah! How dare you beat my dog? If you do it again, by God,
Workbook
!'
Why did Mullah hate his neighbours dog? Give two reasons.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
How did the master of the dog intend take his revenge?
_________________________________________________________
7.
"
Workbook
8.
Pick out the words / phrases from the passage which mean
the same :
(a) very bad or unpleasant _________________
(b) a sudden attack of an illness/ a short period of very strong feeling
_____________________
(c) a feeling of violent anger that is difficult to control ___________
(d) made somebody slightly angry ______________________
(e) replied quickly to a comment; in an angry, offended or
humorous way _________________
Comparisons
A.
i.
ii.
iii.
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Without altering the sense, we can often change one degree of comparison
into another. Adjectives give more information about a noun.
Degrees of some adjectives and adverbs are changed by adding - er and
- est to the positive degree.
Others use more and most before the positive degree.
If we compare one thing with all others of its kind that we know or have
experienced, we are comparing amongst many things (i.e. more than two),
and so we need a superlative degree.
Workbook
"
Positive degree
Comparative degree
Superlative degree
short
long
longer
(the) longest
sweet
sweeter
(the) sweetest
far
farther
(the ) farthest
little
less
(the) least
much (many)
more
(the) most
good
better
(the) best
bad
worse
(the) worst
careful
more careful
beautiful
more beautiful
adjectives
irregular
adjectives
long
adjectives
{
{
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
"
Workbook
Yash was told that if he behaved badly he should go to bed without any
supper. (threat)
Verbs are either non-finites or finites. The non-finites are the infinitives, present
and perfect, the participles, and the gerund.
The term auxiliary verb is applied to those verbs that are used in the
formation of the tenses. The term defective verb is used for those verbs of
which some parts are lacking. Thus must has neither infinitive nor participle
: will, shall, can, may and ought are defective verbs.
The term anomalous finite is used for the 24 finites set out in the table below
at the right hand side.
Non finite forms
finite forms
Infinitive
Present
participle
Past
participle
Present
tense
Past
Tense
be
being
been
was, were
have
having
had
have, has
had
do
doing
done
do, does
did
shall
should
will
would
can
could
may
might
must
ought
need
dare
used
Workbook
"!
These twenty four finites are different from all other finites because
they have special functions. The most obvious difference is that they
can be used with or joined to the contracted form of not. e.g. isnt,
wasnt, havent, dont, didnt, shouldnt, couldnt, oughtnt.
These 24 finites have many functions. These can be divided into
two main classes.
First they are important as structural words. They are needed in
the formation of negatives and interrogatives.
Secondly, they are used to form certain moods for which English
has no inflected verb forms. When used in this way they may be termed
modal verbs or modal auxiliaries. These 24 finites express such concepts
as ability (e.g. with can, could), possibility (e.g. with may, might),
permission (e.g. with may, might, can, could and obligation (e.g. with
must, ought to, have to)
Fill in the blanks with appropriate modal verbs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
""
Workbook
Writing Skill
A.
You are the Sarpanch of a village. Prepare a notice for the villagers to attend
the meeting of the panchayat regarding the dispute on a property. Give time
and date for the assembly.
(50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B.
Write a dramatic presentation of the story told by the Sarpanch Som Gowda.
(150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook
"#
$
Arise; Awake!
Vocabulary and pronunciation
A.
The word let is used for different purposes like request, offering help,
making suggestions, wishing etc. Keeping in view the purpose, use it in
sentences.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B.
C.
Mark if these words are stressed on the first or second syllables then
listen, check and practise them.
arise,
every,
enough,
forward, fearless,
"$
Workbook
Listening Skill
A.
Speaking Skill
A.
Work in pairs. Student A will ask a question and student B will respond
to it choosing the correct one from the alternatives given.
A : What was the name of Swami Vivekanand in his childhood?
B : Mahendra / Narendra/ Surendra
A: Who was his spiritual teacher?
B : Swami Ramkrishna Paramhansa /Swami Dayanand /Swami Ramtirtha
A : Do you think that Swami Vivekanand went to many a saint before
becoming the disciple of his Guru?
B : No, I dont/ Im doubtful/ Yes, I do.
A : It is said that when Swami Vivekanand first met his Guru he asked him
a strange question. What was it?
B : Do you know me?/ Have you ever seen God?/ Have you learnt to
meditate?
A:
B:
Whats that place where Swami Vivekanand delivered his famous and
historic speech?
Chicago/ Washington/ Tokyo
Workbook
"%
B.
After completing the above exercise say a few sentences about Swami
Vivekanand.
Reading Skill
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given
below it.
Mankind has been struggling for peace since time immemorial. We are aware
that we can thrive only when there is peace all around. Our culture and our civilization
can grow and develop in a peaceful environment. If we want to think of material
and spiritual progress we need to propagate peace.
Now that we seem to have a war virtually on our doorstep, we need to
understand that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. If through centuries
of war, the human civilization has not achieved eternal peace, one more show of
strength might not provide the answer to the worlds woes.
Those who declare war in the name of religion or a cause or simply to wreak
revenge should understand that it will only lead to more hatred and more wars. No
religion advocates war, all religions advocate peace. Very often, human suffering is
caused by just a handful of people because of their brutal interpretation of religion.
This is done by a few in the name of the majority who are peace loving people who
go about their lives without harming a single soul. Yet, in their name armies are
raised, armaments are sold, war cries sounded and people killed en masse.
Buddha has said, Many are those who are not aware that one day we all must
die. And those who are aware of it appease their quarrels. We should, therefore,
remember that quarrels or wars do not get over in a day and seldom are they won.
The scale of suffering that ordinary people are subjected to in their wake is
unimaginable. However, we never seem to learn. We have made this world into a
theatre of war rather than a theatre of peace. How many more widows and orphans
do we need to prove the futility of war?
Questions :
1.
"&
On the basis of your reading of the above passage, complete the following
statements. Write your answers in the given blank space.
a)
b)
Workbook
Answer the following questions briefly. Write your answers in the space
given.
a)
b)
Peace loving people dont believe in harming anyone. Yet, what is done
in their name.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
3.
Find words in the passage which mean the same as the words / phrases
given below. Write your answer in the given blank space.
a)
that has existed for longer than people can remember ___________
b)
c)
d)
Workbook
"'
Will/ Shall
1.
#
2.
Workbook
2.
3.
4.
Future Perfect
We can use the future perfect to say that something will be completed/ achieved
by a certain time.
By next Christmas well have been here for eight years.
5.
6.
7.
Subordinate clauses
In many subordinate clauses we refer to the future with present tense.
Call me when you have time.
8.
Workbook
#
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Writing Skill
A.
Workbook
B.
R
Workbook
#!
%
The world is too much with us
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A
Quote a few lines from a poem where the poet expresses serious thought
in simple, delightful and direct words.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
B.
C.
sordid
howling
nature
lea
poor
Listening Skill
*Listen to the lines of the following poems.
Dear water clear water, playful in all your streams,
As you dash or loiter through lift who does not love
* The teacher will read it aloud.
#"
Workbook
Speaking Skill
Wordsworth, in his poem The world is too much with us says that one
should not merely think of earning and spending. What else one should and shouldnt
think?
Begin to say like this :
We shouldnt think alone of accumulating wealth.
We should think of helping people.
Clue words :
winning, destroying, extending, saving,
writing, creating, discovering, exploring
hurting, demanding, lending, borrowing,
eating, cooking, offering, possessing etc.
Workbook
##
Reading Skill
Read the given stranzas carefully and answer the questions given below it.
What is this life if full of care
We have no time to stand and stare.
No time to stand beneath the boughs,
And stare as long as sheep or cows.
No time to see when woods we pass,
Where squirrels hid their nuts in grass
No time to turn at Beautys glance
And watch her feet, how they can dance.
No time to wait till her mouth can
Enrich that smile her eyes began,
A poor life this if, full of care,
We have no time to stand and stare.
No, time to see in broad day light,
Streams full of stars, Like skies at night.
We have no time to stand and stare.
1.
#$
Workbook
2.
3.
The poet has used capital letter B to talk about Beauty in the line No time
to turn at Beautys glance. Why?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4.
Pick out the words from the poem which have the following meanings.
(a) a feeling of worry or anxiety or tension_________________________
(b) wait and watch __________________________________________
(c) an area of trees or small forests_______________________________
(d) casting of momentary looks_________________________________
Writing Skill
A.
Find any advertisement from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,
Delhi.
Write a letter to your uncle, in the light of that advertisement, suggesting him
to follow the precautions (50 words).
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Workbook
#%
B.
(150 words)
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
R
#&
Workbook
&
The Goal not Scored
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
B.
C.
What are the different meanings of the word points in the following
sentences :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The dollar has fallen a few points on the money markets today.
6.
What are the points to look for when you are buying a new computer?
7.
If the engine isnt working properly the points may need cleaning.
Find out the words, phrases or lines that express the ideas given below:
1.
skilful performer
_________________________________
2.
extremely important
_________________________________
3.
to forward
_________________________________
4.
clever plans
_________________________________
5.
a judge in hockey
_________________________________
6.
a judge in cricket
_________________________________
7.
risk
_________________________________
Workbook
#'
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Listening Skill
*Listen to this sentence from the lesson :
A.
Arifs action seemed to have touched a chord with the Reds, who were
known to be the most aggressive of the lot.
B.
Meanings
_________________________
give or take
_________________________
do or die
_________________________
_________________________
seeing is believing
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
Workbook
Speaking Skill
The Reds (members of the team of the Red House) were very aggressive.
Arifs sportsman spirit changed their attitude.
Have your ever had any attitudinal problems with people who work at different
places like hospitals, banks, bus or railway stations, schools or colleges, gas agency
or at some government or private office. Tell your friends the problem and your
behaviour to tackle it.
You can begin like this:
1. Once I went to a cloth shop. I bought two pieces of shirts. He assured me
of the quality, but _________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Once I wanted to buy two tickets to Bhopal. There was a long queue at the
booking window but the booking clerk_________________________________
3. It was evening and peak hours of the traffic on the road. As I happened to
pass through a square, I found that there was a traffic jam. The policeman on duty
was_____________________________________________________________
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below it.
Rock climbing is a fascinating adventure sport today and gained popularity in
UK, Europe and later in India. Rock and mountains always pose a challenge to the
human sense of adventure and rock climbing is mastering the techniques of climbing
on exposed rocks of any height and gradient. It is an independent mountain sport
activity as well as important part of mountaineering. In mountaineering history, the
first record of climbing says Antoine de Ville led a team of climbers to Mt. Aiguille
(6,228 ft. ) in the Alps in 1492. Thereafter, a few more climbing records are found
between the 16th and 18th centuries in the Alps and then spread to other European
countries and was later started in India by the Britishers.
One can gain confidence, personal satisfaction, and immense pleasure and
develop tremendous physical and mental stamina, endurance and will power through
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this sport. There is no age bar or special qualification for rock climbing but it
requires basic physical fitness, knowledge of techniques or guidance of trained
experienced climber instructor and good equipment for safety.
Today, advanced climbing techniques and better climbing gears have been
introduced. Rock climbing gained popularity as one of the weekend outdoor
activities in the country after the first successful expedition to Mt. Everest by Sir
Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay in 1953, after which many government
and private training adventure clubs, youth organizations sprung up all over the
country to promote the outdoor activities. Nowadays, rock climbing is popular in
the educational institutions too for character building of the youngsters.
The Indian Mountaineering Foundation (IMF) , the mountaineering headquarters
of India based in New Delhi, took birth in 1958 with the aim to coordinate
mountaineering and trekking activities, organise and support expeditions and
supervise the functioning of the mountaineering institutions in the country. The
IMF has played a major role in promoting mountaineering and climbing activities in
the country. Recently, different tourism departments and corporations have also
initiated a plan to promote adventure tourism including this activity.
India has vast potential in rock climbing and other adventure sports being the
house to the mighty Himalayas, Aravali mountains, Eastern Ghat, Western Ghat,
Vindhya Hills, Chhota Nagpur Hills etc.
You have read the passage. Now, fill in the blanks using the appropriate
words.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
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f)
g)
2.
3.
Find words from the passage which have the following meanings.
a.
b.
c.
very great
____________________
d.
a long, hard walk lasting several days or weeks, especially in the mountains
____________________
Either he or I am mistaken.
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$!
(b) If two singular nouns refer to the same person or thing, the verb must be
singular ; as
(c) If two subjects together express one idea, the verb may be in the singular; as,
(d) When the subjects joined by or, nor, are of different persons, the verb
agrees in person with the one nearest to it ; as
(f)
Some nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning take a singular
verb, as
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(h) When a plural noun comes between a singular subject and its verb, the verb is
often wrongly made to agree with the nearest plural noun instead of with the
real subject.
In each of the following sentences supply a verb in agreement with its subject.
1.
2.
3.
Early to bed and early to rise ___________ a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
4.
5.
B.
Writing Skill
A.
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B.
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The Mission-Agni
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
B.
perfect
______________
sufficient
adequate
______________
commitment ______________
integration
______________
automatic
______________
irreversible ______________
immobility
______________
everywhere ______________
______________
______________________________________________
integration
______________________________________________
dedicated
______________________________________________
deviation
______________________________________________
multiple
______________________________________________
C.
D.
Write the contracted forms of the given words and also learn to speak
them.
do not
__________________________
I will
__________________________
I am
__________________________
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I have
__________________________
cannot
__________________________
Listening Skill
* Listen to the text about a hovercraft.
A hovercraft is a vehicle which is suspended upon a cushion of air. This
cushion is generated by a fan attached to the engine of the hovercraft. The
hovercrafts control is through the use of rudders, like the type used in planes. The
advantage of a hovercraft is that it can fly over relatively flat surfaces of land,
snow, mud, water, swamp and rivers. Currently, they are being increasingly used
for ferrying passengers and also troops during war. There are different types of
hovercrafts, made in various parts of the world. Some years ago there was a
hovercraft service linking Mumbai with Navi Mumbai and it proved extremely popular.
Now, put stress marks on the following words.
vehicle, variety, various
Speaking Skill
In the table given below there are some points to be discussed in small groups
of 4/5 students. One of the students in the group will lead the discussion and the
others will respond.
Points to be discussed
eg. Planting saplings
Questions to be framed
as in the example
Reply (orally)
Launching of a missile
Launching of satellites
Building dams across
the rivers
Concretizing the roads
and the streets.
* The teacher will read the passage aloud.
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Reading Skill
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given
below it.
The great ship Titanic sailed for New York from South Hampton on April
10th, 1912. She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 891. Even by modern
standards, the Titanic was a colossal ship. In speed, in comfort, in beauty, in
equipment, she was a masterpiece. At that time, however, she was not only the
largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had
sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would
still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered,
for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters
of the North Atlantic, a huge ice-berg was suddenly spotted by a lookout. After the
alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The
Titanic just turned in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose
over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling
sound from below. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship
had been damaged. The captain went down to see what had happened. He realized
to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly. Five of her sixteen water light
compartments had already been flooded. The order to abandon the ship was given
and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough
life-boats for everybody, 1500 lives were lost.
1.
tremour of engines
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Pick out the words from the passage which mean same as given below:
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Passive voice
tomorrow.
tomorrow.
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Object
Subject
Object
me
he
him
we
us
she
her
you
you
they
them
Verb
Passive verbs
is/am/are+v3
was/were+v3
will/shall+be+v3
is/am/are+being+v3
was/were+being+v3
has/have+been+v3
had+been+v3
let+object+be+v3 or
Object +should be+v3
can/could/may/might/must etc+v1
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2.
3.
4.
5.
The Infinitive
B.
In sentence (c), the infinitive, like a noun, is the subject of the verb is, but,
like a verb, is also takes an object.
In sentence (d), the infinitive, like a noun, is the object of the verb refused,
but like a verb, it also takes an object.
In sentence (e) the infinitive, like a noun, is the object of verb desire, but, like
a verb, it also takes an object and is modified by an adverb.
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It is seen that the infinitive is a kind of noun with certain features of the
verb, especially that of taking an object (when the verb is transitive) and
adverbial qualifiers. In short, the infinitive is a verb noun. The infinitive is a
form of verb from which we get all its other forms (from to speak, we get
speak, speaks, speaking, has spoken etc.) It is usually written with to. We
call it a non-finite verb because we cannot make a sentence with it.
It is sometimes used without to:
You may go.
He made her rewrite the exercise.
Verbs such as let, make, see, hear, dare, may, must, can, do, shall,
will and such phrases as had better and would rather are followed by the
infinite, without to : (e.g. you had better go) to bed now. I saw her go down
the street. I let him go there.
Combine together the following pairs of sentences by using infinitives:
One is done for you.
i.
ii.
Can be combined as
1.
2.
You must part with your purse. On this condition only you can save your life.
_____________________________________________________________
3.
His father went to Ujjain yesterday. His object was to visit the temple of Lord
Mahakaleshwar.
_____________________________________________________________
4.
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5.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Do not promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can.
7.
Writing Skill
A.
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B.
Look at the newspaper you read. Write a letter to the editor of the
newspaper expressing your views on any one news.
(150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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Polonious Advice
Vocabulary and pronunciation
A.
1.
2.
the ability to make decisions that are based on careful consideration of facts
principles etc.___________
3.
4.
5.
adieu _____________
B.
Collect all the antonyms of the following words and consult a dictionary
to know the correct pronunciation.
borrowing __________________
costly
__________________
blessing
__________________
familiar __________________
friend
__________________
true
__________________
Listening Skill.
A.
*Listen to the given words carefully. Put stress mark(s) after listening
the sound(s)
aboard
vulgar
shame
adoption
shoulder
entertainment
unproportioned
unfledged
familiar
courage
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B.
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
Speaking Skill
A man is walking on the road. He asks a passerby about the place he wants to
go. Deliver the following dialogues between the two in proper manner:
Rupendra
Sudesh
: Well, it isnt too far from here. You go 100 mts. straight, turn to
left and you are there.
Rupendra
Sudesh
Rupendra
Sudesh
: All right. See, when you take the turn, the Rajwada will be on your
left. Its a grand building.
Rupendra
Sudesh
: Youre welcome.
Now, talk to your friends using the following words or phrases : across,
behind, up/down the street, in front of, back of, in the middle of, near, next to, on,
on the corner of, opposite to etc.
Reading Skill
Read the given poem and answer the questions given below it.
Where were you and where was I
When for help young children cried?
* The teacher will read the passage aloud.
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2.
b)
I refers to ______.
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
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Writing Skill
A.
B.
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Grandpa fights an Ostrich
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
Match A with B.
A
B.
awful
aggressive
stare
elude
often
frequently
quick to attack
C.
describe
____________
____________
____________
miracle
____________
____________
____________
provoke
____________
____________
____________
imagine
____________
____________
____________
desperate
____________
____________
____________
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Listening Skill
*Listen to the following sentences. Pay attention to the tones.
All the sentences in a text cant be spoken alike. It depends on the situations
and needs.
e.g. A lady and a gentleman are talking to each other.
Rima
Sanju
Rima
Sanju
Rima
Sanju
: Yes, its a great job. I love it! And what do you do?
Rima
Sanju
Rima
Sanju
: Wonderful..
Speaking Skill
You have been to a national park. Now narrate the events right from your
preparations to the completion of it.
You can use the following words:
discussing the matter among the family members
buying tickets/ getting reservation/ return tickets
packing necessary things
ensuring stay arrangements
keeping necessary money, debit card, credit card etc
counting the luggage
* The teacher will read it aloud.
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Reading Skill
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given
below it.
Nothing can describe the confusion of thought which I felt when I sank into
the water ; for though I swam very well, yet I could not deliver myself from the
waves so as to draw breath, till a raging wave, mountain like, having driven me, or
rather carried me. A vast way on towards the shore, and having spent itself ,went
back and left me upon the land almost dry, but half dead with the water I took in. I
had so much presence of mind as well as breath left, that, seeing myself nearer the
main land than I expected, I got upon my feet, and endeavored to make on towards
the land as fast as I could, before another wave should come and take me up again.
But I soon found it was impossible to avoid it ; for I saw the sea come after me as
a great hill, and as furious as any enemy, which I had no means or strength to
contend with; my business was to hold my breath and raise myself upon the water,
if I could; and so, by swimming to preserve my breathing and pilot towards the
shore, if possible; my greatest concern now being that the sea, as it would carry me
a great way towards the shore, when it came on, might not carry me back again
with it when it gave back towards the sea... Now as the waves were not so high as
at first, being near land, I held my hold till the wave abated, and then fetched
another run, which brought me so near the shore that the next wave, though it went
over me, did not so swallow me up as to carry me away; and the next run I took I
got to the main land, where to my great comfort, I clambered up the cliffs of the
shore and sat me down upon the grass, from danger and quite out of the reach of
the sea.
1.
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b)
When the wave left him on the shore, how could he rescue himself?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
c)
2.
Pick out the words from the passage which have following meanings a)
b)
c)
d)
diminished ____________
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Co-ordinate Conjunctions
2.
3.
4.
5.
Phrase with phrase - He met me in the bazaar and again at the station.
6.
2.
and
but
yet
only
however
for
or
nor
besides
otherwise
so
also
hence
whereas
therefore
Correlative conjunctions :
Conjunctions which are used in the form of pairs are called correlative
conjunctions, as;
He worked so hard that he fell ill.
Some correlative conjunctions of common use are:
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so.. ..that
both... and
no sooner.. than
so.. ..as
hardly.. when
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3.
as.. ..as
neither.. nor
scarcely.. when
as.. ..so
either... or
though.. yet
Subordinate conjunctions
Conjunctions which join a subordinate clause to its principal clause are called
subordinate conjunctions.
Principal clause
Conjunction
Subordinate clause
I dont think
if
he would pass.
I know
why
I was away
when
Tell me
where
he lives.
He is the boy
who
beat my brother.
how
lest
whenever
whom
if
since
wherever
whose
till
because
whoever
what
until
before
as if
when
while
after
as though
where
that
although
so that
why
whether
as soon as
2.
3.
4.
The patient had died _____ the doctor arrived. (before, than)
5.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Writing Skill
A.
Talk to some elderly person who has retired from an active profession.
Find out his daily routine. Then write a paragraph on A memorable
day in his life. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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B.
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The Poet and the Pauper
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
Point out the difference in meaning and use the words/phrases in your
sentences.
e.g. He works hard.
He hardly works.
weather / climate
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
tell / speak
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
once / at once
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
B.
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Complete the sentence by choosing the second half : The first one is
done for you as
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Listening Skill
A.
*Listen to the story of a greedy doctor how once he missed a good offer
unfortunately.
Dr. Hubert was famous for his ability and also for his greed.
Once, he cured a child of a grave disease and as a token of her gratitude the
childs mother presented the doctor with a pretty silk wallet. The woman said, Sir,
I made it myself. Please accept it.
Shaking his head, the doctor said harshly, I dont accept my fees in kind.
Give me in cash.
The woman felt hurt and humiliated. She asked, How much should I pay
you?
Hundred rupees, said the doctor.
Without a word, the mother took a hundred rupee note out of the silk wallet,
handed it to the doctor and left with the rest of the hundred rupee notes she had
brought in the wallet to give him.
Make response to the following querries orally.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
If you were a doctor what would have you done? Share your views with
your classmates.
Speaking Skill
The following is an example of a conversation on telephone, use it for a mock
talk on telephone. Arrange yourself in pairs :
1.
- Hello, is it 2343378?
- Yes please.
* The teacher will read it aloud.
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- Is that Varsha?
- No, it isnt. May I know who is calling?
- Im Neha, her friend.
- O.K., Ill just get her. Hold on please.
- Hello, Im sorry. She isnt here. She has just left the place. May I take
your message, please?
- You please tell her that Ranis birthday is on 23rd of this month.
- O.K., Ill tell her.
- Thank you. Bye!
- Bye!
Reading Skill
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given
below it.
One of the people who strongly coloured my younger years was the Indian
poet, Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941). He ranks with Gandhi as one of the great
heroes of India. He was a poet of world-wide stature and the recipient of the Nobel
Prize for literature. An opponent of colonialism, he planted much thought in the
minds of the people of India. For these reasons he was widely praised during the
eighty-one years of his life of creativity and struggle. One of the most impressive
parts of his life in my view is the curse that seems to have fallen on his family after
he devoted his own funds to the establishment of the Shantiniketan School for
peace at Bolpur. One after another, he lost his beloved wife, his second daughter
and his youngest child. Perhaps the poet did perceive a dark shadow of fate that
often fall on human lives. Accepting his own sorrow as a self-imposed trial, he
moved courageously forward along the path of his mission for the peace and
happiness of all mankind. It is this way of life that I commend most highly in
Tagore. A person awakened to his own great mission can overcome grief and use
experience as a springboard to the next stage in a creative life. A first class human
being is not a grumbler.
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Questions :
(i)
'
2.
3.
3.
4.
A person awakened to his own great mission can overcome grief and
use _______________________________________.
Indirect
In the direct speech, the words quoted are enclosed within quotation marks
(inverted commas) and separated by a comma from the principal sentence. The
quotation begins with a capital letter. The following rules may be useful in the
transformation of direct into indirect speech.
If the reporting verb is in present or future tense, the tense of the verb in
the reported speech is not changed.
Example :
Reporting verb
Reported speech
(Present Tense)
(Any Tense)
Direct
I am coming.
Indirect
that he is coming.
Indirect
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If the reporting verb is in the past tense, the verb in the reported speech
changes to any of the four forms of the past tense.
Direct
Indirect
Present indefinite
Past indefinite
Present continuous
Past continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect
Present continuous
Past continuous
Past indefinite
Past perfect
Past continuous
Examples :
Direct
Indirect
Direct
Indirect
Direct
Indirect
Direct
: Ashok said, I have been studying in this school for two years.
Indirect
'"
Direct
Indirect
here
there
now
then
this
that
these
those
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ago
before
today
tomorrow
yesterday
last night
come
go
2.
The old man said, My sons, I am dying, I wish you to get all my wealth.
_____________________________________________________________
3.
She said to me, I thank you for the help you have given me.
_____________________________________________________________
4.
5.
6.
7.
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Writing Skill
A.
(50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B.
Write about the peculiar traits of Kunja Biharis personality. (150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
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Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
Learn with the help of a dictionary the different usage of the following words:
know, deep, see
B.
Say the following words and notice the difference in the vowel sounds :
bell, bill, ball, bull, bail, be, bee, boil
Listening Skill
*Listen to the following poem twice.
Tell me not in mournful numbers,
Life is but an empty dream!
For the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they seem.
Life is real life is earnest!
And the grave is not its goal,
Dust thou art, to dust returnest
Was not spoken of the soul.
Not enjoyment and not sorrow,
Is our destined end or way.
But to act, that each tomorrow
Finds us further than today.
In the worlds broad field of battle,
* The teacher will read it aloud.
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Speaking Skill
A.
'&
lake, shake,
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sweep, deep,
know, though,
same, fame,
out, doubt,
wings, sings,
Reading Skill
Read the given poem and answer the questions that follow :
I come from haunts of coot and her on;
I make a sudden sally
And sparkle out among the fern,
To bicker down a valley.
By thirty hills I hurry down,
Or slop between the ridges,
By twenty thorpes, a little town,
And half a hundred bridges.
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2.
3.
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4.
5.
What does the expression hurry down suggest about the movement of the
river?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
6.
7.
8.
Writing Skill
A.
Imagine you are going on a walk in the woods. On the way you come
across bushes, thorns, ferns, trees, streams, rocks, grasslands, slopes
etc.
Write a paragraph using the above words. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B.
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"
Old Blockhead repairs his House
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
B.
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!
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
C.
D.
What is meant by the following? Use them in sentences and point out
consonant sounds in each word.
shout, call, howl, roar, scream, cry, talk, clamour, shriek, yelp
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
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Listening Skill
*Listen carefully to the items which Ma Blockhead needed to repair
her house three pieces of tin-sheets, two hundred and fifty bricks, eight litre of paint,
twelve wooden planks, half kilogram of nails, one bag of cement and one bag
of sand
Now, answer the questions ;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Speaking Skill
Here are some events. You are required to speak their sub events one by one
in proper sequence, the first one has been done for you:
* The teacher will read it aloud.
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Events
Prayer meeting at school
Sub events
Ringing the first bell, entry of children
in their classes, second bell, going to
the assembly hall, standing at the proper
place, address by a student, address by
the Principal, cautions given by the
school captain, National Anthem, going
back to the classes.
Reading Skill
Read the passage given below and answer the questions below it.
Once in a dry desert a man was urging ten camels forward to a water pool.
After walking a few miles, he mounted one of the camels and counted the rest. He
counted nine of them, then immediately dismounted and walked back in search of
the lost one. Seeing no sign of any camel, he thought he had lost it. He discontinued
the search and hurried back to the camels, grieved and dismayed. There, to his
great joy, he found all ten of them. Happily he mounted one, and after a while he
thought of counting them once more. They were nine! He got down, perplexed,
and started the dismal search again. The lost camel could not be found. He rushed
back to the herd, and counting it, he was surprised to see that all his ten camels
were lazily walking along. He blamed the heat of the desert and got on the last
camel, counting the rest for the third time. He just couldnt understand why one
was still missing. He jumped down cursing Satan and tiredly repeated the counting.
There were ten camels!
All right, o crooked Satan, he grumbled, I would rather walk and have all
my camels than ride and lose one!
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Questions :
a) Why did the man count nine camels?
_________________________________________________________
b) How could he count ten camels again?
_________________________________________________________
c) Whom did he curse for his confusion?
_________________________________________________________
d) What kind of man was he ? Write your opinion.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
2.
Pick out the words from the passage which have the following meanings:
a) to advise or try hard to persuade to do something ____________
b) felt very sad _____________
c) a worried, sad feeling after you have received an unpleasant
surprise ____________
d) causing or showing sadness ____________
He said to me,
Indirect
He asked me
Direct
He said to me,
Indirect
He asked me
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The question form of the Reported Speech is changed into the statement
form, and the question mark is removed.
The stranger said to the lady, Why do you wish me go away now?
_____________________________________________________________
2.
Ravis father asked, Are you going to keep me awake all night?
_____________________________________________________________
3.
4.
What does it matter if your miss the train?, Mrs. Ram said to her husband.
_____________________________________________________________
5.
The porter asked the passenger, Which train are you taking?
_____________________________________________________________
6.
7.
She shouted to us, Will you not come and save me from the clutches of this
thief?
_____________________________________________________________
&
Workbook
Writing Skill
A.
You have saved two thousand rupees. Plan how you will spend them.
(50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B.
R
Workbook
'
#
How it all began
Vocabulary and pronunciation
A.
before
also
too
most
many
journey
voyage
adjacent B.
neighbouring
C.
always
2.
usually, regularly
3.
often, frequently
4.
gradually, slowly
Workbook
D.
Use the word when in the beginning of a sentence and then in the
middle of a sentence. What difference does it make?
Example : When I returned, I felt tired.
I returned when I felt tired.
Now, frame some more sentences as shown above.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Listening Skill
* Listen to the words.
oak
cherry
lime
orange
grape
hibiscus
mulberry
beech
snowdrop
bluebells
lilies
lotus
monkey
skylark
avocado
Speaking Skill
Recall and repeat orally any two of the following.
-
companions
Reading Skill
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given
below it.
She had always been short and fat and slightly bent. Her face was a criss-cross
of wrinkles running from everywhere to everywhere. She could never have been
pretty; but she was always beautiful. She hobbled about the house in spotless
white with one hand resting on her waist to balance her stoop and the other telling
the beads of her rosary. Her silver locks were scattered untidily over her pale,
puckered face, and her lips constantly moved in an inaudible prayer. Yes, she was
beautiful. She was like the winter landscape in the mountains, an expanse of pure
white serenity breathing peace and contentment.
My grandmother and I were good friends. My parents left me with her when
they went to live in the city and we were constantly together. She used to wake me
up in the morning and get me ready for school. She said her morning prayer in a
monotonous sing song while she bathed and dressed me in the hope that I would
listen and get to know it by heart; I listened because I loved her voice but never
bothered to learn it. Then she would fetch my wooden slate which she had already
washed and plastered with yellow chalk, a tiny earthen ink-pot and a red pen, tie
them all in a bundle and hand it to me. After a breakfast of a thick, stale chapatti
with a little butter and sugar spread on it, we went to school. She carried several
stale chapattis, with her for the village dogs.
My grandmother always went to school with me because the school was
attached to the temple. The priest taught us the alphabet and the Morning Prayer.
While the children sat in rows on either side of the verandah singing the alphabet or
the prayer in a chorus, my grandmother sat inside reading the scriptures. When we
had both finished, we would walk back together. This time the village dogs would
Workbook
2.
Find out the words from the passage which have the following meaning:
(a) everything you can see when you look across a large area of land
especially in the country, ___________
Workbook
!
"
at
from
what he said
by
Further examples of verbs and adjectives which can have either prepositional
complements or that clause are :
decide (on), inform (of) insist (on), afraid (of), aware (of), sorry (about), sure
(of)
Postponed Prepositions
Normally a preposition must be followed by its complement; but there are
some circumstances in which this does not happen either because the complement
has to take first position in the clause, or because it is absent.
Wh - questions
Relative clauses
Wh-clauses
Exclamations
Passive
Infinitive clauses
Workbook
#
Position
as a result
as a result
as a result
$
1.
The two cats fought with each other for the cake.
________
2.
________
3.
________
4.
________
5.
________
6.
________
Workbook
7.
________
Writing Skill
A.
B.
R
Workbook
%
$
Where the Mind is without Fear
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
1.
A.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B.
____________________
Lets go.
____________________
C.
____________________
____________________
Distinguish between :
wake and awake
sleep and asleep
fresh and afresh
rise and arise
&
Workbook
2.
What do you notice in the pronunciation of these words awake, asleep, afresh, arise
Listening Skill
A.
*Listen to the poem by Matthew Arnold and pay attention to its rhythm,
rhyme and intonation.
Come, dear children, let us away;
Down and away below!
Now my brothers call from the bay,
Now the great winds shoreward blow,
Now the salt tides seaward flow;
Now the wild white horses play;
Champ and chafe and toss in the spray,
Children dear, let us away!
This way this way!
Now, tell, how many times the following words occur in the poem now, away, way
B.
*Listen to the following words / phrases and repeat them let us away
shoreward blow
seaward flow
let us away
Speaking Skill
Some opinions are given below. First discuss in the group, the group
leader will sum up the views.
I think...
* The teacher will read it aloud.
Workbook
'
Reading Skill
Read the following poem attentively and answer the questions given below
it.
Not gold, but only man can make
A people great and strong Men who for truth and honours sake
Stand fast and suffer long.
Brave men who work while others sleep,
Who dare while others fly They build a nations pillars deep
And lift them to the sky.
Questions :
1.
2.
3.
4.
b)
having a large distance from the top or surface to the bottom ______
c)
wealth _______________
Workbook
Writing Skill
A
Write a letter to your younger sister suggesting her how to prepare for
the coming competitive examinations. (50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B.
90
80
70
Percentage
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
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Hard
work
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Contacts
Money
Honesty
>
On the basis of this bar diagram write an article Key to Success for
the school magazine.
(150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook
%
On Saying Please
Vocabulary and Pronunciation
A.
B.
C.
Read the following sentences choosing the most appropriate word from
among the choices, they occur.
1.
2.
3.
Note the different meanings of the word class in the following sentences.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Make words adding suffixes as given in the example and put proper
stress. e.g. grace - gracious
resent ____________________
friend ____________________
cheer ____________________
solicit ____________________
agree
____________________
step
____________________
polite ____________________
Workbook
!
D.
E.
Refer to your dictionary and find out the meanings of the following
phrases with run.
be on the run
_____________________
_____________________
a run on
_____________________
_____________________
2.
3.
4.
I was utterly_________.
(a) poundless (b) dollarless (c) penniless (d) rupeeless
5.
Listening Skill
A.
Anil
: Yes sir!
Teacher
Workbook
B.
Anil
Teacher
Anil
: One of them asked me, How many kinds of cats are there?
Teacher
Anil
: No, another man asked me, When did man first land on the
moon?
Teacher
Anil
Teacher
Anil
Teacher
Speaking Skill
Some sets of conversation have been given below. Write the dialogues
in proper sequence and speak out in groups of two each.
1.
Fine, thank you, And you! Will you please come with me? Im O.K.,
thanks. Hello Twinkle, how are you?
a. : _________________________________________________________
b:
_________________________________________________________
a:
_________________________________________________________
b:
_________________________________________________________
Workbook
#
2.
3.
Goodbye! Priya. Have a nice evening. Thanks Sonal. See you tomorrow.
Goodbye Sonal.
a:
_________________________________________________________
b:
_________________________________________________________
a:
_________________________________________________________
b:
_________________________________________________________
Im also fine. Please tell me about your parents. Hello Virendra! How
are you?
They all are well. Fine, thanks. What about you ?
a:
_________________________________________________________
b:
_________________________________________________________
a:
_________________________________________________________
b:
_________________________________________________________
Reading Skill
Read the following passage answer the questions given below it.
Philosophers of every age have given much thought to the problem of whether
man by nature is basically good or bad. Typically, there are two opposing
interpretations. One view stresses the idea that man by nature is fundamentally
good; the theory of innate goodness holds that it is only through a variety of
accidents that badness crops up.
The other viewpoint stresses the idea that man by nature is essentially bad; the
theory of innate badness holds that only by suppressing mans evil tendencies
through laws and discipline, is possible to keep evil in check. Wherever the theory
of innate goodness has been adopted, you are likely to find a stress on morality.
Wherever the theory of innate badness is highly regarded, it becomes necessary to
have strict laws and discipline to help curb mans evil tendencies.
$
Workbook
Despite these theories, we still end up as you have said with good and bad
people. Or rather might one say that the good are not from the outset completely
good or the bad completely bad. Even a person whom we call virtuous on occasion
betrays his inner desire for fame and honour or other selfish concerns; and even
the arch villain will display tender affection toward his children.
What I mean is that any human being not only shows an ignoble tendency to
trap others, quarrel with them or fawn over them, but at the same time has the noble
tendency to forget about saving his own skin and to help somebody in trouble.
Either tendency lies dormant. It is not forced out of an individual but surfaces
through a variety of accidents at any given moment.
Questions :
1.
(b)
(c)
Workbook
ii.
iii.
ii.
iii.
ii.
iii.
%
(d)
(e)
(f)
2.
(ii)
(iii)
(ii)
(iii)
(ii)
(iii)
b)
&
(i)
(ii)
teachers
(iii)
people in general
(iv)
(ii)
human nature
(iii)
(iv)
2.
3.
4.
5.
A Noun Clause is one which does the work of a noun. A Noun Clause may
function as; in sentence 1. The subject of a verb, in sentence 2 object of the verb,
in sentence 3 - object of preposition, in sentence 4 the complement of the verb, in
sentence 5 apposition to a noun or pronoun.
Workbook
'
Two or more simple sentences can be combined into one complex sentence
by using a Noun Clause; as,
He came. The reason of his coming is not clear.
Why he came is not clear.
Combine each of the following sets of sentences into one complex sentence
containing a Noun Clause:
1.
2.
3.
You have not done your homework. Will you explain why?
________________________________________________________
4.
5.
!
Workbook
6.
7.
Someone suggested the solution to him. I should like to know about it.
________________________________________________________
B. Relative Clauses
There are two types of relative clauses in English.
1. Identifying relative clauses, identify a person or thing in the same sentence.
Notice the lack of commas.
I applied for a job that I saw advertised last month.
2. Non identifying relative clauses give more information about a known
person or thing. They are more common in writing than in speech. Notice the use
of commas.
Nitin, who wrote to you about this, is no longer with our firm.
Fill in the blanks with a suitable relative pronoun. Add commas that are
missing.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Workbook
!
Noun Clauses
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Relative clause
!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Workbook
2.
b)
b)
3.
It is used as relative pronoun in such expressions as, such as, the same asa)
b)
!!
clause when they are relatives, i.e., when they refer to an antecedent noun, expressed
or understood.
Several simple sentences can be combined into a complex sentence by
introducing an adjective clause by some relative pronoun or relative adverb used in
a qualifying and not in a continuative sense.
1.
2.
We came upon a ruined house. Here a beggar was living with his wife and
children.
We came upon a ruined house in which a beggar was living with his wife and
children.
3.
A lion was proud of his strength. He despised the weakness of the mouse.
A lion who was proud of his strength despised the weakness of the mouse.
4.
Here is a tourist. He has toured all over the world in six months.
_________________________________________________________
2.
!"
Workbook
3.
4.
The band of robbers met together at night. Their object was to break
into the house of a rich merchant.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
5.
Many fairs are held every year at Hardwar. Hardwar is one of the most
ancient cities of India.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
6.
7.
He has no influence over the people of the city. He cannot serve them.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Writing Skill
A.
You borrowed your friends favourite book. You want to return it, but
cant find it. Apologize and promise to return it as soon as possible.
(50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Workbook
!#
B.
R
!$
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&
The Never - Never Nest
Vocabulary and pronunciation
A.
B.
D.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
_______________________________________
now
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
now that
_______________________________________
E.
Workbook
!%
Listening Skill
A.
Charles Dickens family lived in London. His father was a clerk in an office. It
was a good job, but he always spent more money than he earned and he was often
in debt. There were eight children in the family, so life was hard.
Charles went to school and his teachers thought he was very clever. But
suddenly when he was only eleven, his father went to prison for his debts and the
family went, too. Only Charles didnt go to prison. He went to work in a factory,
where he washed bottles. He worked ten hours a day. Every night, after work, he
walked four miles back to his room.
Group Work
Tell your friend the following pieces of information on the basis of the text,
about Charles Dickens boyhood.
(a)
(f)
B. Listen to the passage again and pay attention to the facts available.
- What was the age of Charles Dickens when his father went to prison?
- What work did Charles Dickens do in the factory?
- How many hours did Charles work in the factory?
* The teacher will read it aloud.
!&
Workbook
Speaking Skill
Jack and Jill showed their home to aunt Jane. Now using the following word
clues describe your own home before the class :
cosy little room, lounge, pretty furniture, kitchen, wonderful, lovely, costs a
great deal, owner, various commodities in the home
Reading Skill
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given
below it.
Have you heard people saying that the rupiah makes the world go round?
Do you know the story of the rupee?
The word rupee comes from the Sanskrit Rupya or Rupa which means silver.
The very early coins, before the second century B.C., were all made of silver but
the coins were neither of any standard weight nor had any face or value printed on
them. It was Sher Shah Suri who first gave the name rupia to the silver coins. The
last silver coins were minted in 1940 with the face of King George VI on them. In
1942 the silver coin was replaced by a cupro-nickel coin for the first time.
Money was invented by man to get power but now money has become more
powerful than man. All over the world, money and power go together. The more
money a person has, the more successful he is judged to be. A rich man is accepted
by society even if he is corrupt or evil.
Man works hard to earn more and more money and saves a lot of it. He thinks
that money will give him more freedom to enjoy himself and to have lots of fun. He
thinks he will not be anyones slave but be his own master. But soon he becomes
the slave of money. The more he has, the more he wants. He is never satisfied with
what he has got but always wants something more even though he knows that in
the end, he cannot carry anything with him. Money can buy everything but it cannot
buy peace or happiness or a ticket to heaven.
Workbook
!'
Questions :
1.
Based on your reading of the above passage, complete the notes given below.
Write your answer in the space given.
(a) What can money do?
________________________________________________________
(b) What can money not do?
________________________________________________________
2.
3.
Find words / phrases from the passage which have the following meanings :
(a) Who first gave the name rupia to the silver coins? ______________
(b) When was the last silver coin minted? _____________
(c) What replaced the silver coin? ______________
(d) What were the defects in early coins before 200 B.C.? ___________
Direct
Indirect
Direct
Mukesh said to his father, Please come to the station with me.
Indirect
"
Workbook
2.
3.
4.
5.
The teacher said to Yash, Dont tear off pages from your note-book.
_________________________________________________________
6.
7.
Workbook
"
B. Exclamatory sentences
Study these sentences.
Reporting verb
Reported speech
Direct
He said,
Indirect
He exclaimed with
delight
Direct
Good-bye, my friends!
Indirect
1.
2.
3.
2.
3.
4.
"
Workbook
5.
6.
7.
Writing Skill
A.
Write what you would do if a friend borrowed money from you and
didnt return it.
(50 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
B.
Extend the idea contained in All that glitters is not gold. (150 words)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
R
Workbook
"!
PRONUNCIATION
o doubt, you can certainly read and write English. Here is an attempt to help
you to pronounce English better than you do now. Generally English is not
spoken as it is written. Language is primarily spoken. Instead of giving you all
theory of English speech, our efforts are to highlight certain important features of
speech. This may enable you to understand some basics of English speech. It will
also help you to consult an English pronouncing dictionary in case of doubt about
the pronunciation of a word.
Every language has a different number of systems. These systems operate
at different levels. With hard work or practice it is easy to have good English
pronunciation. English has 26 letters but 46 phonemes (i.e. meaningful or basic
sounds). Phonemes help us to keep each word or longer utterance separate from
every other. First, you must be able to produce 46 phonemes, i.e. 22 vowels and
24 consonants. Secondly in learning pronunciation you must learn to use as many
different sounds as is necessary to represent a particular phoneme. In words like
DAY and THEY initial sounds are different. In some other languages then may
be the same. Therefore, one must try to forget the habits of one's language and use
the sounds independently as in English. It all depends on a great deal of practice.
In English PEN and PIN are pronounced differently and their meanings
are also different. The difference between the vowel sounds make a difference in
meaning. The sounds /p/ and /n/ are the same in both the words. The words PUT
and CUT are not pronounced alike. Again the vowel sounds in these two words
are different, As far as vowel sounds are concerned, we can say PUT is like
GOOD and CUT is like but, shut, etc. In words like GOOD and FOOD we
have double O in the spellings but the pronunciation of both these words is different. In words like 'SON' and 'SUN' spellings are different but the pronunciation of
both the words is similar.
""
Workbook
Now try to learn some essential basic theoritical aspects of speech. They
are elementary but essential for practice.
i.
ii.
iii.
We make changes in the sound by changing the position of the tongue, lips,
teeth etc.
Practical :
What happens when we speak?
i.
Put your hand on your throat. Breathe out slowly (mouth open), making no
noise. Did your throat, vibrate? No. Now breathe out slowly, saying a-aah. Did your throat vibrate? Yes. This vibration was made by the vocal
cords.
ii.
Say 'a-a-ah' with mouth wide open. Now close the lips, leaving a small
round hole only. Try to say 'a-a-ah'. Is this sound the same as the first one?
No. How was the sound changed? By closing the lips. We make different
sounds by changing the position of the speech organs.
Workbook
"#
Practical :
i.
The following words have three letters. How many sounds are there in each
word?
can, cap, cat,
ii.
pin,
sit,
All these words have four letters. How many sounds are there in each
word?
stop, spin, step, spot, skip, plan, plot, flag, trip,
iii.
iv.
hit
clap
All these words have four letters. How many sounds are there in each
word?
shop
ship
shed
wash
rich
chin
chop
such
thin
with
this
path
fall
bell
pass
miss
shoe
show
know
more
All these words contain the letter 'a'. They are arranged in groups of five. In
each group there are four words in which the letter 'a' represents the same
sound. One word in each group has a letter 'a' which does not represent the
same sound as the rest : which?
(1)
cap
flat
matter
make
trap
(2)
start
farm
half
stay
car
(3)
match
march
part
star
calm
(4)
along
among
fireman
about
apple
(5)
plane
plan
bake
tame
may
"$
Workbook
(2)
English Vowels
What is a vowel sound?
A vowel sound is one made with the vocal cards vibrating, but in which we
cannot hear the sound of friction between speech organs (i.e. hissing, buzzing or
explosions)
(i)
Say the sound /i:/as in 'meet'. Any hisses, buzzes, bangs? No. This
is a vowel sound.
(2)
Say the sound 'b, b, b'/b/. Any hisses, buzzes, bangs? Yes. There
is a bang. This is not a vowel sound.
(3)
Say the sound ' s-s-s'/s/ as in 'See'. Any hisses, buzzes, bangs? Yes
- a hiss. This is not a vowel sound.
First there is the pure vowel sound. Here the sound remains the
same from start to finish.
(b)
Practical
(i)
Say the words 'get', 'wet', 'yet'. Do the sounds underlined remain
the same from start to finish? Yes. They are pure vowels.
(ii)
Say the words 'gate', 'wait', 'late'. Do the sounds understand remain
the same from start to finish? No. They are two vowel sounds
combined. They are diphthongs.
(iii)
In the list below are pairs of words. Which of the pair has a pure
vowel, which has a diphthong?
Workbook
"%
hand
hide
pain
pen
hat
hate
still
style
site
sat
note
not
gate
get
come
comb
ball
boy
say
see
main
men
down
done
ought
out
feet
fear
/mi:t/
meet -
/mi:t/
mete -
/mi:t/
The three words : meat, meet, mete, all sound the same, but they are spelt in
different ways.
Therefore, when talking about sounds, the best way is to use a special kind
of writing in which one letter (symbol) stands for one sound. This kind of writing is
called phonemic script.
"&
Workbook
Phonemic script
1.
2.
3.
It is not ................
(ii)
as in
seat
/si:t/
/I/
as in
sit
/sIt/
/i/
as in
happy
/'h&pi/
/e/
as in
set
/set/
/&/
as in
sat
/s&t/
/A:/
as m
farm
/fA:m/
/Q/
as in
shot
/shQt/
/O:/
as in
sort
/sO:t/
/U/
as in
foot
/fUt/
/u:/
as in
shoot
/Su;t/
/u/
as in
actual
/'&ktSuJl/
/V/
as in
shut
/SVt/
/3:/
as in
shirt
/S3;t/
/J/
as in
upon
/J'pQn/
Practical
i.
/mi:/
/si:t/
/hi:t/
/ri:d/
/wi:k/
/I/
/It/
/sIt/
/tIn/
/hIm/
/hil/
Workbook
"'
ii.
#
/i/
/'n&pi/
/'s&pi/
/'flQpi/
/'kQpi/
/'slQpi/
/e/
/bed/
/men
/red/
/send/
/rek/
/&/
/m&n/
/k&t/
/s&t/
/p&k/
/l&nd/
/A:/
/pA:t/
/hA:d/
/stA:/
/fA:m/
/kA:/
/Q/
/tQp/
/hQt/
/lQt/
/kQst/
/stQp/
/O;/
/tO;l/
/bO;t/
/brO;t/
/kO;n/
/bO;d/
/U/
/fUt/
/pUt/
/hUk/
/kUk/
/pUl/
/U:/
/tU:/
/hU:/
/mU:n/
/rU:d/
/lU:s/
/u/
/V/
/hVt/
/dVn/
/sVn/
/dVl/
/bVs/
/3;/
/b3;d/
/b3;n/
/w3;k/
/g3;l/
/st3;/
/J/
'fA;mJ(r) /'fItJ(r)/
/'dO;tJ(r)/ /J'pQn/
/J'gri;/
seed
eat
bread
case
/e/
here
head
men
friend
/A:/
car
care
half
pass
/Q/
on
lot
lost
one
/U/
pull
cook
spoon
full
/V/
tub
cut
come
luck
/J/
father
mother
away
apple
Workbook
Because these combine two sounds, each diphthong symbol contains two
letters.
ii.
as in
say
/seI/
/aI/
as in
fly
/flaI/
/OI/
as in
boy
/bOI/
/aU/
as in
how
/haU/
/oU/
as in
no
/noU/
/IJ/
as in
here
/hIJ(r)/
/eJ/
as in
hair
/heJ(r)/
/UJ/
as in
poor
/pUJ(r)/
Practical
Read the following words, which are written in phonemic script :
/eI/
/meI/
/keIm/
/leIt/
/meIl/
/beIk/
/aI/
/maI/
/taIm/
/laIt/
/saIn/
/waIl/
/OI/
/bOI/
/bOIl/
/kOIn/
/tOI/
/OIl/
/aU/
/haU/
/kaU/
/taUn/
/aUt/
/laUd/
/oU/
/soU/
/noU/
/boUt/
/koUt/
/oUn/
/IJ/
/tIJ/
/bIJd/
/fIJ/
/dIJ/
/hIJ/
/eJ/
/reJ/
/beJ/
/deJ/
/heJ/
/peJz/
/UJ/
/pUJ/
/dUJ/
/tUJ/
/trUJ/
/blUJ/
Workbook
#
Practical
(1)
(2)
#
/b/
as in
bed
rub
/d/
as in
dog
bad
/f/
as in
fan
half
/g/
as in
get
dog
/h/
as in
hat
Workbook
/k/
as in
king
walk
/l/
as in
lamp
girl
/m/
as in
man
seem
/n/
as in
not
man
/p/
as in
pen
top
/r/
as in
run
fairy
/s/
as in
sit
bus
/t/
as in
time
hat
/v/
as in
very
love
/w/
as in
wet
/z/
as in
zoo
as in
sheep
wash
/tS/
as in
church
catch
/dZ/
as in
judge
germ
/N/
as in
sing
having
/T/
as is
thick
path
/D/
as is
this
bathe
/j/
as is
yet
year
/Z/
as is
pleasure
usual
Workbook
#!
Practical
Which English consonant letters are not used in English phonemic script
e--x--q--y
Now read the following words, which contain the sound written at the left :
/S/
/Sip/
/Sed/
/Seik/
/wiS/
/diS/
/tS/
/tSip/
/tSQp/
/tSein/
/ritS/
/pitS/
/dZ/
/dZO;/
/dZVdZ/
/dZOI/
/rIdZ/
/keIdZ/
/N/
/siN/
/wiN/
/lQN/
/sQN/
/b&N/
/T/
/Tik/
/Tin/
/Tri:/
/pa:T/
/TO:t/
/D/
/Den/
/Dis/
/D&t/
/wiD/
/beiD/
/j/
/jU:/
/jes/
/jet/
/jel/
/jU:s/
/Z/
/'treZJ/
/'pleZJ/
/'meZJ/
/get/
/jet/
/det/
/met/
/wQt/
/wQtS/
/wQS/
/wQz/
/wQnt/
/sin/
/siN/
/s&N/
/sQN/
/sVN/
/wiT/
/wID/
/Di:z/
/DoUZ/
/ri:T/
/rIdZ/
/wedZ/
/peIdZ/
/hedZ/ /b&dZ/
#"
Workbook
Revision
i.
ii.
All the words below have the letter 'S' underlined. They are written in ordinary English. In each one the 'S' is pronounced in a defferent way. How
would you write these 'S' sounds in phonemic script?
iii.
rose
/z/
post
/s/
usual
/Z/
Is there any difference among the sounds underlined in the words below?
ration, sharp, mission
How would you write the sound underlined? /S/
Stress
What do you mean by 'STRESS'
When a man plays the 'table' he sometimes huts it harder, sometimes softer.
When we speak English we 'hit' some sounds harder and some sounds softer.
Practice
(a)
--l
- -l
- -l
- -l
--
(b)
At each l tap the table (desk/floor/book) hard; at each _ tap the table softly.
Repeat this four times.
(c)
Now say the word 'beautiful' six times, tapping hard for 'beau - - and softly
for --- ti --- ful
NOW, look at this pattern :
(a)
l-l -l
Workbook
-l
-l
-l
##
(b)
(c)
Now say ' former six times, tapping hard for ' ta - - , and softly for - - their.
Every word with more than one syllable has atleast one hard
(strong) beat (there are very few exceptions).
(a)
(b)
'mother
'talking
'cheapest
re'turn,
in'form,
de'cide
(c)
We mark strong stress with the sign 'before the strongly stressed syllable.
(d)
Syllables which are not stressed often contain the vowel /J/ and this vowel
occurs in unstressed syllables never in stressed ones. But it is not true to
say that /J/ is the only vowel which occurs in unstressed syllables, all the
other vowels can occur there too and /i/ is commonly found there, the
remaining vowels less commonly so.
obtain, invent, allow, adore, account
(e)
Practical
(1)
#$
All the words below have two syllables, and the first syllable of each
is strongly stressed. Say them :
'father
'mother
'sister
'brother
'talking
'running
'sitting
'jumping
'waited
'posted
'painted
'started
'hopeful
'helpless
'cheerless
'careless
Workbook
(2)
(3)
All the words below have two syllables, the second of which is strongly
stressed. Say them :
a'way
a'bout
a'long
a'cross
re'turn
re'fuse
re'pay
re'ject
de'tain
de'part
de'lay
de'mand
in'tend
in'ject
in'fect
in'spect
con'fuse
con'firm
con'duct
con'tain
Practical
(i)
(ii)
Say the sentence several times, putting strong stress on the words marked.
(iii)
(iv)
Say the sentence several times, putting strong stress on the words marked.
(v)
Notice that the sentences 3A and 3B above have the same stress pattern.
(vi)
strong
weak
weak
strong
What
do
you
want?
How
do
you
do?
Workbook
#%
#&
Workbook