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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter presents the method used in this research.It covers

kind of research, design of the research, subject of the research, area of the
research, procedure of research , criteria of success and instrument of the research.
3.1 Kind of Research
Based on the problem of the research, the kind of this research is
classroom action research. Classroom Action Research is intended to change all
the learners by themselves and change the situation in teaching learning process.
Action research has the purpose of developing new skills or new approach to
solve problem in the field or the other actual problem by using direct
implementation. The function of an action research is basically as a tool for
improving the quality and efficiency of the application of the educational activity.
In short, a classroom action research is intended to solve a problem in the
classroom. This research wants to know how can the teaching of English by using
Problem Based Learning improve the speaking ability of the seventh grade
students in SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Wuluhan. Classroom Action Research is
purposed to change the situation in teaching learning process involving
collaboration with English teacher in the class.
3.2 Design of the Research.
The design of this research is collaboration Classroom Action Research
(CAR) which focuses on a particular group of students in a certain classroom.

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This research was done in collaboration with the English teacher. Based on the
interview with English teacher in SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Wuluhan, the English
teacher and the researcher discussed and carried out some actions to find an
appropriate strategy in teaching speaking ability. It will be applied to improve the
student's speaking ability by using Problem Based Learning (PBL). According to
Arikunto (2010:131) there are four activities of classroom action research
procedures as follow: (1) the planning of the action, (2) the implementation of the
action, (3) observation, and (4) reflection of the action.
The design of the Classroom Action Research can be illustrated in the
following diagram:

Acting

Observing

Planning

Reflecting
The design of the Classroom Action Research
(Adopted from Arikunto, 2010:131)
3.3 Subject of the Research
The subject of this research is seventh grade students at SMP
Muhammadiyah 6 Wuluhan which is located on Jl. Ambulu no 5 Wuluhan
Jember. The class consist of 29 students each class and the researcher takes
seventh C as the subject of the research, because the students speaking ability
was still low in this class.

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3.4 Area of the Research

In this Classroom Action Research SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Wuluhan was
chosen as a place to conduct the research. The school was chosen because of some
reseons: (1) Problem Based Learning has never been applied by the English
teacher in teaching speaking. (2) Seventh grade students at SMP Muhammadiyah
6 Wuluhan had difficulties in speaking english.
3.5 Procedure of the Research
Based on the research design, the actions of the research are implemented
in some stages, they are: 1). Preliminary Study, 2). Planning, 3). Implementing,
4).Observing, 5). Reflecting.
3.5.1 Preliminary study
Procedure of this research begin with a preliminary study by observing the
class and interviewing the English teacher on November, 9th 2013 to investigate
whether the students have problems in speaking ability. Based on the interview,
they were still unable to use the target language to fulfill their need in their daily
activity and the teacher had not taught speaking yet to the seventh grade students.
She still taught two skills, reading and writing only. It can be the reason that is
why the students speaking score were still low. There were three seventh grade
classes in SMP Muhammadiyah 6 Wuluhan in which there are 29 students in each
class. The English teacher said that the students still got problem in the learning
speaking English. The English teacher also explained the material theoretically in
teaching learning process without asking the students to practice their English in
front of the class and it caused them had difficulty to use the target language.
Beside that the students felt bored to study English language.

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After the researcher doing pretest on January, 13th 2014 for the basic
speaking skill of the students in VII C, the researcher got the result that only 48%
students are able to get the score 65. It means, it less than 50% students have
good enough score for speaking skill and actually it really need an action to
increase the pr oblem above.
3.5.2 Planning of the action
The first step is planning of the action. Before implementing the action in
the class, the researcher prepare some activities. They are as follows:
a.

Choosing the themes and sub themes taught in the 2013/2014

academic years.

b.

Selecting the materials used in teaching speaking taken from the

students text book and the internet. They were chosen based on the
themes and sub themes chosen from the curriculum which is used in
the school.

c.

Writing the lesson plans for the first, second. thirds in the first cycle
( the lesson plans for the seconds cycle is revised based on the lesson
plans in the first cycle).

d.

Preparing the guide of observation in the form of checklist containing

the indicators observed.

e.

Preparing the way to score the students speaking test.

3.5.3 Implementing the action

Implementing of this research plan is done during the School hours. The
action in the teaching speaking is by using Problem Based Learning. It is given to
the research subjects in every meeting of each cycle. The implementation of the

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action in cycle 1 is based on lesson plan 1 and 2. Then, the implementation of the
action in cycle 2 is based on the lesson plan 3 and 4. Each meeting is provided 80
minutes.

3.5.4 Observing
Observing is done by the researcher and the English teacher. It is used to
observe the activities in the teaching learning process through Problem Based
Learning in each cycle. Observation would be focused on the indicators of the
performance of the students active and passive involvement in speaking teaching
learning process.
3.5.4.1 Research Instrument
Research instrument are some tools used when a research is conducted in a
particular method( Arikunto, 2010: 192). They are needed, in order to get the data
for the research . In this research the researcher only uses test. The requirement of
thetest must be valid and reliable.
3.5.4.2 Test
Arikunto (2006: 150) states that test is a set of questions or other
exercisess use to measure skill, aptitude, knowledge, intelligence of individual or
groups. Speaking test is conducted in this research, achievement test is used to
measure the seventh grade students speaking ability after taught using Problem
Based Learning. As it is cited in Arikunto (2006:151) achievement test is a test
use to measure the individuals achievement after learning something. The test is
using to know the result of speaking ability after giving treatment to the group.

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3.5.4.2 .1 Validity of the Test

In this research the researcher uses content validity in that the test item of
the test are based on the curriculum. According to Borg (1981:94) in Lina 2010
content validity is the degree to which items on a test represent the content that the
test is designed to measure.
A test is called valid if it can measure what should be measured (Arikunto,
2010:211). An instruments validity depends on the number of the tasks that have
been made. The validity of the test will be established according to the test
materials constructed. The test will be conducted to measure the students speaking
ability. It means that, a test should measure whatever it is supposed to measure
and nothing else. This test is valid because the material has been taught and the
test item of the test is based on the curriculum.
Competence Standard
9. Expressing meaning in simple
transactional and interpersonal to
interact with the closest
environment.
Basic Competence
9.2 Expressing meaning in
transactional (to get things done)
and interpersonal conversation
(socialization) by using simple and
acceptable spoken language
involving the act of making asking
something.

Indicator

Responding to a spoken dialogue of

asking something.
1.

Instructions : The students can

read the conversation with their partner in

front of their friends.
Indah: Hallo Yanti, How are you?
Yanti: Im fine thank you. How about
you?
Indah: Im Fine too. Thanks. By the way,
who is the girl next to you?
Yanti: She is my sister Mitha.
Mitha, she is Indah. Indah, she is Mitha.
Indah: Hi Mitha, nice to meet you!
Mitha: Nice to meet you too.
Yanti: Well girls, are you hungry?
Indah&Mitha
Yanti

: Yes, I do.

: What do you say if go to

canteen?
Mitha: Ok, why not?

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Indah: Yeah... I agree. I want to buy pecel

rice.
Yanti: Ok, lets go!
2.Instructions : Complete the dialogues
and Work in pair.. You can change your
name to answer the question.
1. A
B
2. A
B
3. A
B
4. A
B
5. A
B

: What is your full name?

:
: What is your nick name?
:
: Where do you live?
:
: How old are you?
:
: What is your mothers name?
:

6. A
: How many sisters do you have?
B
:
7. A
: How many brothers do you have?
B
:
8. A
: Where do you study?
B
:
9. A
: What is your hobby?
B
:
10. A: What is your favourite food?
B:

3.5.4.2.2 The Reliability of the Test

According to Arikunto (2010: 221), reliability is determined by the
carefulness of evaluation instrument and the importance of reability is
consistence, how far the test or instrument can be believed. To know whether the
test is reliable or not the researcher uses alpha formula. Arikunto ( 2006: 196)
States that alpha formula is used to know the reability of the instrument of which
the score is not 1 and 0. To identify whether the test reliable or not based on
curriculum.
The formula is as follow:

r = k (11b)
k s
Where :

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: Reliability of the instrument

: Number of Questionnaire item

1b

: Variant item

: Total variant
After calculating the reliability of the try out test that is given to the

student, the researcher can find the result of the reliability of the try out test and
the calculation, the realibility of the test is 0,9. According to R-table (Arikunto,
2010:402) with N= 29 and significance 95% is 0.367. It can be concluded that the
test is reliable.

3.5.5 Reflecting
Reflecting is the activity to analyze the result of observation and test to
know how far the development of the strategys success to solve the problem or
on the contrary what kind of factors can make failure. The researcher compares
the result of the activity with the criteria of success. The purpose of reflection is to
know the criteria which is achieved or the causes of failure. As long as the criteria
of success has not been achieved, the researcher should hold the next cycle until it
succeeds.
To measure the The percentage of students who get score 65 in speaking
ability, the researcher uses the formula:
E= n
N

x 100 %

Where:
E : The percentage of students who get score 65
n : The number of students speaking score get 65

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N: The total number of the students

3.6 The Criteria of Success
The criteria of success are used to know whether the implementation of
the action achieve the target. According to Mulyasa ( 2009:183) in Fifit (2011) the
actions are regarded successful if more than 75% of students could achieve the
minimum standard score requirement (SKM) that is 65. Meanwhile, if the
requirement above could not be achieved in cycle 1, the action will be continued
to the next cycle.

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