Electricity

Introduction

The design of the electrical installation of the industrial unit is carried out by the
compliance of the REBT for low voltage and instruction techniques complementary (ITC)
BT01 to BT51.
The electrical installation of the factory it has separate electric office installation because
the design requirements are different.
Protection has been used both fuses and circuit breakers for different parts of the
installation.
Each part of the installation used individual sub-switchboards because different types of
protection are needed. Engines cannot use instant spreads because in starts they'll use
much power but then it will go down.
Single-phase alternating current is used for the feeding of the different components of the
installation (220 V) and three phase (400V)

Calculations
Power
For calculating the power of switchboards and distribution sub-switchboards you consider
the accumulation of different circuits fed power downstream, applying a concurrency to
each circuit depending on the nature of the charges and finally multiplying by a factor of
accumulation which varies depending on the number of circuits.

The total power consumed by the various machines and factory lighting will be 69 kW
and the offices will be 10 kW.

= 79

Since we designed the two facilities separately, calculations will be made separately for
the factory and offices.
A coefficient of simultaneity of one has been used.

Current
Once we know the power that is consumed by each sub-table and knowing that we will
use both single-phase voltage as three-phase we can calculate the power required input
through the following equations:
Intensity of single phase service calculation:

cos

Calculation in three-phase service intensity:

3 cos

being:
IC: Intensity of the circuit, in A calculation
Iz: Admissible maximum intensity of the driver, under the conditions of installation, in A
PC: Power calculation, w
UF: Simple voltage, v
UL: Composite Tension, v

The lines section

For the selection of the cables section should use the standard minimum section that
simultaneously meets the following three conditions:
1 criterion the admissible maximum intensity or heating.
2 criterion of voltage drop.
3 criterion for the short-circuit current.
The section on single-phase lines is:

2 cos
V

The section on three-phase power lines is:

3 cos
V

where:
V is voltage drop in volts.
cos is the active power factor.
L is the length of cord in feet.
is the resistivity in

Voltage drop
According to regulations for any interior homes circuit, the voltage drop must not exceed
3% of the rated voltage.
For the rest of the Interior circuits, voltage limit is:
-Lighting circuits: 3.0%

-Rest of circuits: 5.0%

For receivers single-phase voltage is given by:
= 2 ( cos + cos )
For three-phase receivers the voltage drop is given by:
= 3 ( cos + cos )

being:
L: length of the cable, in m
X: reactance of the cable, W/km. It is considered negligible up to a value of 120 cable
section
mm. From this section is considered a value for the reactance of 0.08 W/km.
A: resistance of cable, ohm/m is given by:

Fuses

Fuses protect the drivers against overloads and short circuits.

Checks that the protection against overloads complies to:

2 1,45

being:
IC: Current flowing through the circuit, in A
In: Rated current of the protection device, in A
Iz: Admissible maximum intensity of the driver, under the conditions of installation, in A

I2: Intensity of protection, in A performance. In the case of type fuses gG is taken equal
to 1.6 times the rated current of the fuse.

Protection
Grounding
Network of ground for reinforced concrete structure composed of 216 m cable bare
copper annealing of 35 mm section for the mainline of the building ground, buried with
a minimum depth of 80 cm and 8 m lead wire bare annealed copper of 35 mm section
for the rail link of the pillars to connect grounding conductor.

Differential switches
Like fuses, differential switches protect the installation against direct and indirect contacts
Against short circuit check that circuit breakers meet to:
(a) The power of automatic switch 'Icu' cut is greater than the maximum short-circuit
current that can be displayed in header of the circuit.
The minimum short-circuit current at foot of the circuit is higher than the intensity of
regulation of electromagnetic 'Imag' tripping of circuit breaker depending on the type of
curve.
Curve B = > 5 x In
Curve C = > 10 x In
Curve D = > 20 x In
The time of performance of the circuit breaker is lower than which would cause damage
to the driver reached the maximum temperature permitted according to their type of
insulation in the same.
In less than 0.1 s, according to the norm UNE 60898 circuit breakers cut.
b) Must be disconnected within a time compatible with required by safety curves.

Electrical lines

The installation drivers will be identified by the colors of their isolation:

-Black, grey, Brown for the phase conductors or polar.
-Light blue for the neutral conductor.
-Yellow - green for the protective conductor.
-Red for the circuit of command and control.