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Paas
SaaS
Descriptio
n
Includes raw IT
resources; must be
maintained/manage
d
Built on top of
preconfigured
resources
Provided as a
product
(software)
Control
High-level
No administrative
burden
Little to none
Usage
Full
Limited
Usage-only
(application)
Community
Private
Hybrid
Definitio
n
Open to the
general
populous
Similar to
public but
limited to a
specific area
Owned/consu
med by a
signal person
Mixture of two
or more
deployment
models
Benefits
Available,
Shared costs,
Regular
Increased
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accessible,
scalable,
cost efficient
multitenancy,
support and
maintenance
shared
benefits
oriented
towards the
consumer with
centralized
access
flexibility, great
for
transitioning,
fault tolerance,
control over
sensitive data
Disadvantages
Disadvantages
Security
Definiti
on
Hardware
independence
Server
consolidation
Resource
replication
Installation of multiple
OSes on a single
physical server
Standard file
operations: copying,
deleting, moving etc.
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Exampl
e
8. Full vs. Para vs. OS-assisted vs. Hardware-assisted virtualization
Full
Para
OS-assisted
Hardwareassisted
How
VMM emulates
underlying
systems needed
by VM
Para-API used to
communicate
with VMM
Virtualizes at OS
level no VMM
CPU
virtualization
mode, sends
instructions to
VMM
Gue
st
Not aware
Aware
Aware
Aware
Info
High
performance;
Type-1/type-2 provide
Improved
performance
Benefits: low
VMM overhead
server density
Challenges:
cannot support
different kind of
guest
Benefits: better
performance
Challenges:
specialized
hardware (CPU)
Hardware
Para
Technique
Binary translation
Hypercalls
Guest
Modification
Unmodified
Unmodified
Modified for
hypercalls
Performance
Good
Good
Better
Used In
VMware, Microsoft
VMware, Microsoft,
Xen
Characteri
stics
Hyper-V
KVM
Xen
VMware
vSphere
Converts Linux
kernel to
hypervisor
Can run
Windows and
Linux guests
Handles
scheduling/isola
tion of hardware
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on each node
Compariso
n
Full
virtualization
Live
migration/high
availability
resources
Hardware with
virtualization
support
Para for guest
systems I/O
operations
Full/para
virtualization
Full
virtualization
Thin
Definiti
on
Pros
Greater performance
Cons
SDN
Difference
s
Advantage
s
Resiliency
Ease of maintenance
Disadvant
ages
Scalability, security
SDN can exist without virtualization, and network virtualization can exist
without SDN
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o
Southbound API
No current standard
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WS-* (SOAP-Based)
o Extensible; allows a variety of tools, features and protocols
o Allows automated transactions
o Interoperability problem
REST
o Lightweight; URI/URL is used as service locator
o Explicit control over resources
o Most implementations are limited to HTTP GET and POST
o Sophisticated designs will take longer
BASE
Ignore atomicity: break a transaction
into smaller pieces and run them
parallel
Rely on soft state (cached data)
QUESTIONS
1. What is a cloud service?
An IT resource made available over the cloud.
2. What is vertical and horizontal scaling?
1. Horizontal: scale in or out scale out by adding more servers
to the cluster
2. Vertical: scale up or down adding more memory or additional
CPU building up!
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3. What
o
o
o
o
Each flow table makes its own rules to decide what actions to
take with the packets (add, drop, etc)
10.What is Rest?
Rest: it is a multi-step access to what you want on the web
11.What is rapid local responsiveness?
Rapid local responsiveness is done by caching it is the verification
of inconsistent data. In order to make data consistent, this takes
place. It is not compatible for a large scale cloud as there would be
more nodes, it would be very slow.
12.What is Hadoop? Provide an example.
Hadoop: open source software for storing data and running
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applications on clusters of commodity hardware (Ex. Graph mining,
machine learning, data mining, log analytics)
13.What is Hadoop stack? What is the role of this component?
Hadoop common
HDFS
Hadoop yarn
Hadoop MapReduce
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