S 144DRgdt

S-144DR
Dual Range Sulfur

Analyzer
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
Software Version 1.3
Part Number 200-618
February 2004
Patents are Pending in U.S.A. and other countries
2004 LECO Corporation
Minor revisions may not be reflected in this manual.
LECO Corporation
3000 Lakeview Avenue St. Joseph, MI 49085-2396

Phone: 269-983-5531 Fax: 269-983-3850
info@leco.com www.leco.com ISO-9001 No. FM 24045
LECO is a registered trademark of LECO Corporation.
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12
S-144DR
Introduction
Introduction
Introduction
The Introduction chapter contains general information on the
S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer including important safety
guidelines and warranty terms. Reference this chapter when looking
for replacement parts, operating supplies, or optional accessories. To
place an order by phone, please call our customer service department
toll-free in the United States at 1-800-292-6141 or 269-985-5496.
Orders may also be sent by fax to 269-982-8977.
Introduction
Illustrations .......................................................................17
Warranty...........................................................................18
Warning and Caution Symbols ............................................ 110
Navigational Buttons ......................................................... 111
Interference to Other Devices ............................................ 112
Declaration of Conformity .................................................. 113
Equipment Packages ......................................................... 114
Options ........................................................................... 115
Components and Accessories ............................................. 116
Specifications................................................................... 119
Definitions....................................................................... 122
Installation
Illustrations .......................................................................22
Analyzer Installation ...........................................................23
Heating Element Installation ................................................25
Combustion System Installation ...........................................29
Sliding Door and Combustion Shelf Installation ..................... 211
Reagent Tube Installation .................................................. 212
Gas Connections .............................................................. 213
Exhaust Tube Connections ................................................. 214
Computer Installation ....................................................... 215
USB Cable Installation....................................................... 217
Introduction
S-144DR
13
Ground Strap Installation .................................................. 218

Software ......................................................................... 219
Setup Information ............................................................ 221
Option Installation
Illustrations .......................................................................32
Balance.............................................................................33
Printer ..............................................................................36
System Setup
Illustrations .......................................................................44
Controls and Indicators .......................................................45
Configure Balance Parameters ..............................................46
Data Transmission Parameters .............................................48
Set Furnace Temperature .................................................. 411
Calibrate Furnace Temperature........................................... 412
Software Overview ........................................................... 414
Spreadsheet .................................................................... 419
Menus............................................................................. 432
Using the On-Board Manual ............................................... 434
Operation
First Time Analysis..............................................................53
Methods .......................................................................... 510
Blanks ............................................................................ 516
Standards ....................................................................... 518
Calibration....................................................................... 522
Perform Analysis .............................................................. 528
Recalculate Results ........................................................... 530
User-Defined Field ............................................................ 531
View Sample Data ............................................................ 535
View IR Cell Data ............................................................. 537
Print Result Data .............................................................. 541
Print Display Options......................................................... 544
Transmit Data.................................................................. 548
Export Results ................................................................. 549
14
S-144DR
Introduction
Validate Database ............................................................ 552
Maintenance
Illustrations .......................................................................62
Periodic Maintenance Schedule .............................................63
Adapter.............................................................................64
Disposable Particle Filters ....................................................65
Fan Filter ..........................................................................67
O-ring...............................................................................68
Reagent Tubes ...................................................................69
Computer System............................................................. 610
Printer ............................................................................ 611
Theory of Operation
Illustrations .......................................................................72
Theory of Operation ............................................................73
Infrared Radiation, Absorption, and Detection.........................74
Comparator Level ...............................................................75
Calibration Curves ..............................................................78
Diagnostics
Diagnostics........................................................................83
Electronic Adjustments
Illustrations .......................................................................92
Security Registration...........................................................93
Software Upgrade...............................................................94
IR Cells Adjustment ............................................................95
Oven Temperature Adjustment.............................................97
10
Service
Service Parts ................................................................... 103
USB/ISA Interface Card Installation .................................... 104
11
Illustrations
12
Schematics
Introduction
S-144DR
15
Illustrations ..................................................................... 12-2

SC-144DR Family Cabinet Schematics Part List ..................... 12-3
13
16
Index
S-144DR
Introduction
Illustrations
Figure 1-1 ......... S-144DR System ....................................... 121
Figure 2-1 ......... Facility Requirements ................................. 224
Figure 2-2 ......... Computer Hook-ups ................................... 225
Figure 2-3 ......... Wiring Diagram ......................................... 226
Figure 2-4 ......... Component Installation............................... 227
Figure 2-5 ......... Heating Elements....................................... 228
Figure 2-6 ......... Braided Cable Installation ........................... 229
Figure 2-7 ......... Combustion System Assembly ..................... 230
Figure 2-8 ......... Combustion System ................................... 231
Figure 2-9 ......... Sliding Door And Combustion Shelf .............. 232
Figure 2-10 ....... Reagent Tube Removal ............................... 233
Figure 2-11 ....... Reagent Tube Installation ........................... 233
Figure 3-1 ......... Balance Assembly ...................................... 37
Figure 3-2 ......... Balance Control Panel................................. 37
Figure 4-1 ......... Controls and Indicators............................... 452
Figure 4-2 ......... Furnace Temperature Adjustment ................ 453
Figure 4-3 ......... Dual Furnace Controller Card....................... 454
Figure 6-2 ......... Reagent Tube Removal ............................... 613
Figure 6-3 ......... Reagent Tubes .......................................... 613
Figure 7-1 ......... Analytical Flow Diagram.............................. 712
Figure 9-1 ......... Adjustment Locations ................................. 99
Figure 9-2 ......... Oven Heater Control Card ........................... 910
Figure 11-1 ....... Left Side View ........................................... 11-3
Figure 11-2 ....... Right Side View ......................................... 11-4
Figure 11-3 ....... 616-040 Inlet Gas Assembly........................ 11-5
Figure 11-4 ....... 606-616 High Sulfur IR Cell......................... 11-6
Figure 11-5 ....... 782-067 Low Sulfur IR Cell ......................... 11-7
Figure 11-6 ....... Vacuum Pump ........................................... 11-8
Figure 12-1 ....... 150-851 Cabinet SchematicsPage 1 of 3..... 124
Introduction
S-144DR
17
Warranty
Equipment manufactured by LECO Corporation, St. Joseph,
Michigan is warranted free from defect in material and
workmanship for a period of six months from the date of
installation. Equipment not manufactured by LECO is covered to
the extent of warranty provided by the original manufacturer
and this warranty does not cover any equipment, new or used,
purchased from anyone other than LECO Corporation. All
replacement parts shall be covered under warranty for a period
of thirty days from date of purchase. LECO makes no other
representation or warranty of any other kind, expressed
or implied, with respect to the goods sold hereunder,
whether as to merchantability, fitness for purpose, or
otherwise.
Expendable items such as crucibles, combustion tubes,
chemicals, and items of like nature are not covered by this
warranty.
LECO's sole obligation under this warranty shall be to repair or
replace any part or parts which, to our satisfaction, prove to be
defective upon return prepaid to LECO Corporation, St. Joseph,
Michigan. This obligation does not include labor to install
replacement parts, nor does it cover any failure due to
accident, abuse, neglect, or use in disregard of instructions
furnished by LECO. In no event shall damages for defective
goods exceed the purchase price of the goods, and LECO shall
not be liable for incidental or consequential damages
whatsoever.
All claims in regard to the parts or equipment must be made
within ten (10) days after Purchaser learns of the facts upon
which the claim is based. Authorization must be obtained from
LECO prior to returning any other parts. This warranty is voided
by failure to comply with these notice requirements.
18
S-144DR
Introduction
Notice
The warranty on LECO equipment remains valid only
when genuine LECO replacement parts are employed.
Since LECO has no control over the quality or purity of
consumable products not manufactured by LECO, the
specifications for accuracy of results using LECO instruments
are not guaranteed unless genuine LECO consumables are
employed in conjunction with LECO instruments. If purchaser
defaults in making payment for any parts or equipment, this
warranty shall be void and shall not apply to such parts and
equipment. No late payment or cure of default in payment shall
extend the warranty period provided herein.
LECO Corporation is not responsible for damage to any
associated instruments, equipment, or apparatus nor will LECO
be held liable for loss of profit or other special damages
resulting from abuse, neglect, or use in disregard of
instructions. The Buyer, their employees, agents, and
successors in interest assume all risks and liabilities for the
operation, use, and/or misuse of the product(s) described
herein and agree to indemnify, hold harmless, and defend the
seller from any and all claims and actions arising from any
cause whatsoever, including seller's negligence for personal
injury incurred in connection with the use of said product(s)
and any and all damages proximately resulting therefrom.
Caution
The instrument should be operated only by technically qualified
individuals who have fully read and understand these
instructions. The instrument should be operated only in
accordance with these instructions.
The operator should follow all of the warnings and cautions set
forth in the manual and the operator should follow and employ
all applicable standard laboratory safety procedures.
LECO is a registered trademark of LECO Corporation.
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Excel is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Windows 2000 is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Windows 3.1 is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
Introduction
S-144DR
19
Warning and Caution Symbols

The following symbols may be found on LECO equipment or
their components. These symbols indicate the use of specific
safety guidelines. Important safety information is highlighted in
this manual by one of the following symbols as well as
WARNING and CAUTION statements. Operator and service
personnel must follow these instructions for personal safety and
to prevent damage to the equipment.
WARNING
This symbol indicates a risk of electrical shock.

Refer to the manual for specific instructions.
WARNING
This symbol indicates a high temperature

surface. Refer to the manual for specific
instructions.
!
CAUTION
This symbol indicates a caution. Refer to the

manual for specific instructions.
LECO equipment should be operated only by technically

qualified individuals who have fully read and understand the
instructions detailed in this manual. The equipment should be
operated only in accordance with these instructions.
The operator should follow all of the warnings and cautions set
forth in this manual and the operator should follow and employ
all applicable standard laboratory safety procedures.
110
S-144DR
Introduction
Navigational Buttons
The following buttons may be found throughout the onboard
manual. These buttons indicate when additional information is
available. While in the topic, click the buttons to access the
information.
DefinitionsJumps to a list of definitions pertaining to the

current topic. Use the Back button to return to the topic.
ExampleAn example for the current topic will appear in a

pop-up screen. To close, click anywhere outside the pop-up
screen.
IllustrationJumps to an illustration designed to give visual

assistance in the current topic. Use the Back button to return to
the topic.
View ScreenA screen shot will appear in a pop-up screen to

give visual assistance in the current topic. To close, click
anywhere outside the pop-up screen.
Related TopicsA dialog box will appear in a pop-up screen

showing other topics related to the current topic. To access
these topics, click on the topic.
Introduction
S-144DR
111
Interference to Other Devices

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the
FCC Rules and Regulations. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may cause interference to
radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that
interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct
the interference by one or more of the following methods:
112
Reorient or relocate the radio or television receiving

antenna.
Increase the separation between the equipment and the

radio or television receiver.
Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different

from that which the radio or television receiver is currently
connected.
Consult the radio or television dealer or an experienced

radio/TV technician for help.
S-144DR
Introduction
Declaration of Conformity
Introduction
S-144DR
113
Equipment Packages
Notes
Items listed below are repeated throughout this manual and

are subject to revision. Please consult the packing slip
received with the instrument.
For a complete listing of kits and packages, see Components

and Accessories List, page 116.
S-144DR Package
S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer
1
606-000-300
200-618
Instruction Manual
259-014
Software Kit
606-000-071
Component Pack
607-755*
Hazardous Material Pack
616-079
Accessory Pack
618-798
USB Cable
620-804
Ground Strap
S-144DRPC Package
S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer with Computer System
1
606-000-300
200-618
Instruction Manual
259-014
Software Kit
606-000-071
Component Pack
607-755*
Hazardous Material Pack
616-079
Accessory Pack
686-227-2GH
PC Tower Assembly
701-557
15" Color Monitor
618-798
USB Cable
620-804
Ground Strap
* Packed and shipped separately in the U.S.A. Not included with international shipments due
to shipping restrictions. These items are essential for operation. Contact your local LECO
distributor for quotation and delivery.
114
S-144DR
Introduction
Options
To place an order by phone, please call our customer service
department toll-free in the United States at 1-800-292-6141
or 269-985-5496. Orders may also be sent by fax to 269-9828977.
Notes
For kit contents, refer to Components and Accessories List,

beginning on page 116.
Refer to Service Parts, page 103, for service items part

numbers.
529-204-250
Combustion Boat
620-630-110
DeskJet Printer Kit
620-632
Printer Cartridge
751-300-150
Balance Kit (4 place)
789-431
Accessory Pack
Introduction
S-144DR
115
Components and Accessories

259-014 Software Kit
1
159-145-131
Software Pack
203-505-267
Registration Form
606-000-071 Component Pack

4
190-742
Screw
501-241
Vacuum Grease
606-298
Screw & Spacer Assembly
606-319
Lead Wire
606-320
Heating Element Clamp
606-321
Front Insulator (Lower)
606-323
Back Insulator
606-324
Shelf
606-601
Heating Element (4 sets)
608-898
Receptacle Cover
613-564
T-Clamp Tool Expansion
614-694
Combustion Shelf
616-015
Upper Door Guide
616-027
Bottom Guide
616-062
Combustion Door
616-068
O-ring
616-070
Inner Combustion Tube
616-084
Front Insulator (Upper)
616-086
Stepped Ceramic Stop
616-089
Outer Combustion Tube
618-798
USB Cable Assembly
620-804
Wire Connector
762-458
Connector
765-978
Receptacle (30A, 125/250V)
783-897
O-ring
116
S-144DR
Introduction
607-755 Hazardous Material Pack*

1
501-171
Anhydrone 10-20 mesh (1 lb)
616-079 Accessory Pack

1
502-085
Zinc Sulfide Sample 30%
502-435
Coal Sulfur RM Standard 100%
503-032
Glass Accelerator Scoop
529-204
Combustion Boat
606-327
Reagent Tube
606-403
Collection Tube Brush
616-063
Boat Puller
616-068
O-ring
763-265
Glass Wool (0.50 lb)
772-520
O-ring
773-320
O-ring
783-897
O-ring
620-630-110 DeskJet Printer Kit

1
203-913
Paper
620-630
DeskJet Printer
700-689
Parallel Printer Cable
* Packed and shipped separately in the U.S.A. Not included with international shipments due
to shipping restrictions. These items are essential for operation. Contact your local LECO
distributor for quotation and delivery.
Introduction
S-144DR
117
686-227-2GH PC Tower Kit

1
609-787
Component Pack
611-119
Receptacle Strip
618-980
Mouse Pad
686-994
PC Tower
789-431 Accessory Pack

1
501-081
Glass Wool (1 lb)
10
501-171
Anhydrone 10-20 (1 lb)
529-204-250
Combustion Boat
606-327
Reagent Tube
616-068
O-ring
616-070
Inner Combustion Tube
616-086
Ceramic Stepped Stop
616-089
Outer Combustion Tube
768-980
Tube Filter
772-520
O-ring
773-320
O-ring
783-897
O-ring
118
S-144DR
Introduction
Specifications
Range (at 350 mg)* ........................... 5 ppm or 0.0005% to 26%
Precision ............................................ 1% RSD or 2.5 ppm
(whichever is greater)
Readability......................................... 1 ppm
Calibration ......................................... Single-point; Multi-point
(linear, quadratic, cubic polynomial)
Analysis Time..................................... 90 seconds (nominal)
Sample Size ....................................... 350 mg for coal (nominal)
Balance Readability and Range........... 0.0001 to 120 g
Detection Method ............................... Infrared
Chemical Reagent .............................. Anhydrous Magnesium Perchlorate
Gas Required...................................... Oxygen, 99.5% pure, 40 psi (2.76 bars),
3.5 lpm (nominal)
Regulator ........................................... CGA-540, 0 to 125 psi, 7/8-inch Male RH
Furnace.............................................. 400o to 1450oC, 1350oC (nominal)
External PC (optional).......................... Pentium 333 MHz (min.)
256 MB RAM (min.)
2 GB Hard Drive (min.)
1 USB Port and 1 USB Port (min.)
Microsoft Windows2000
Monitor (optional)................................ 15 inch (38 cm) monitor
SVGA (min.)
Electrical Power Requirements
S-144DR.............................................. 230V~ (10%), 50/60Hz,
12A (idle), 19A (max.)
Computer ............................................ 115/230V~ (10%), 50/60Hz,
40W (typical), 220W (max.)
Monitor................................................ 90 to 264V~ (10%), 50/60Hz,
110w (max.)
Balance ............................................... 120V~ (10%), 60Hz, 16W (max.)
Printer................................................. 120V~ (10%), 60Hz, 12W (max.)
* Saturation is dependent upon sample type and weight.
Introduction
S-144DR
119
Dimensions
S-144DR
Height ................................................. 24.00 inches (61.0 cm)
Width .................................................. 21.50 inches (55.0 cm)
Depth.................................................. 22.00 inches (56.0 cm)
Weight ................................................ 150 pounds (68 kg)
Computer
Height ................................................. 17.00 inches (43.2 cm)
Width .................................................. 7.50 inches (19.0 cm)
Depth.................................................. 17.00 inches (43.2 cm)
Weight ................................................ 29 pounds (13.2 kg)
Monitor
Height ................................................. 14.50 inches (37.0 cm)
Width .................................................. 14.00 inches (35.6 cm)
Depth.................................................. 16.00 inches (40.6 cm)
Weight ................................................ 35 pounds (15.9 kg)
Total Shipping Weight ........................ 240 pounds (108 kg)
120
S-144DR
Introduction
Figure 1-1
S-144DR System
Introduction
S-144DR
121
Definitions
#Shows the numeric sequence in which the sample was
added to the sample pane. An asterisk indicates the currently
selected sample. (Columns, page 422)
Add SampleCreates a new entry in the sample pane. (Using
the Toolbar, page 430)
AnalyzeStarts the analysis for the first unanalyzed sample.
(Using the Toolbar, page 430)
Baud RateControls the number of bits per seconds being
transmitted. (Configure Balance Parameters, page 46, Data
Transmission Parameters, page 48)
CalibrationAllows the calibration parameters to be accessed
and configured. (Using the Toolbar, page 430)
Data BitsA way of measuring the amount of data transmitted.
(Configure Balance Parameters, page 46, Data Transmission
Parameters, page 48)
DateDisplays the date the sample was analyzed. The date is
taken from the CPU system clock and cannot be manually
edited in the sample pane. The date and time can be set using
the Windows control panel. (Columns, page 422)
DescriptionDisplays any additional descriptions that have
been added to identify the sample. (Columns, page 422)
DiagnosticsDisplays the current conditions of the cells. (Using
the Toolbar, page 430)
HelpAccess the onboard help topics. (Using the Toolbar, page
430)
High Sulfur AreaDisplays the total milligrams of sulfur in the
sample as measured in the high sulfur cell before calibration.
(Columns, page 422)
High SulfurDisplays the concentration of the sample as
measured by the high sulfur cell. (Columns, page 422)
High Sulfur PeakDisplays the peak voltage read by the high
sulfur cell. (Columns, page 422)
High Sulfur TimeDisplays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the high sulfur cell. (Columns, page 422)
Low SulfurDisplays the concentration of the sample as
measured by the low sulfur cell. (Columns, page 422)
Low Sulfur AreaDisplays the total milligrams of sulfur in the
sample as measured in the low sulfur cell before calibration.
(Columns, page 422)
122
S-144DR
Introduction
Low Sulfur PeakDisplays the peak voltage read by the low

sulfur cell. (Columns, page 422)
Low Sulfur TimeDisplays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the low sulfur cell. (Columns, page 422)
MethodAllows the name of the method to be specified. The
method name can be selected from the available drop-down
list. (Columns, page 422)
MethodsAllows the method parameters to be accessed and
configured. (Using the Toolbar, page 430)
Moisture %Allows the percentage of moisture in the sample
to be entered. The S-144DR system compensates for the
moisture vale by removing this percentage from the total
weight of the sample before calculating the analysis results.
(Columns, page 422)
NameList the sample name. If running a standard, the
standard name can be selected from the available drop-down
list. (Columns, page 422)
OperatorAllows the name of the system operator to be
recorded. (Columns, page 422)
ParityThe way the computer checks that the information
being transmitted fits a specific code expression. (Configure
Balance Parameters, page 46, Data Transmission Parameters,
page 48)
PortSerial port to which the balance is connected. (Configure
Balance Parameters, page 46, Data Transmission Parameters,
page 48)
PrintAllows the result data to be formatted and sent to a
printer. (Using the Toolbar, page 430)
StandardsAllows the standards parameters to be accessed
and configure. (Using the Toolbar, page 430)
StopStops a running analysis. During an analysis, the stop
button is displayed in place of the analyze button. (Using the
Toolbar, page 430)
Stop BitsControls the delays between bits of transmitting
data. (Configure Balance Parameters, page 46, Data
Transmission Parameters, page 48)
SulfurList the percentage of sulfur in the sample as
determined by the analysis. (Columns, page 422)
Sulfur AreaDisplays the total measured milligrams of sulfur in
the sample before calibration. (Columns, page 422)
Sulfur PeakDisplays the peak voltage read by the sulfur cell.
(Columns, page 422)
Sulfur TimeDisplays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the sulfur cell. (Columns, page 422)
Introduction
S-144DR
123
WeightAllows the total weight, in grams, of the sample to be

entered. (Columns, page 422)
What's This?Accesses descriptive information about different
elements on the screen. To see information about a menu
command, toolbar button, or screen region, click the What's
This? button and then click the element in question. (Using the
Toolbar, page 430)
124
S-144DR
Introduction
Installation
n
I
s
lio
ta
The Installation chapter guides you through the hardware setup
and connection of the S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer. For
software information, refer to System Setup, page 41.
Illustrations .......................................................................22
Analyzer Installation ...........................................................23
International Installation ................................................ 24
Heating Element Installation ................................................25
Combustion System Installation ...........................................29
Sliding Door and Combustion Shelf Installation ..................... 211
Reagent Tube Installation .................................................. 212
Gas Connections .............................................................. 213
Exhaust Tube Connections ................................................. 214
Computer Installation ....................................................... 215
Minimum Requirements ................................................ 216
USB Cable Installation....................................................... 217
Ground Strap Installation .................................................. 218
Software ......................................................................... 219
Installation ................................................................. 219
Start Up ..................................................................... 220
Setup Information ............................................................ 221
Import Setup .............................................................. 221
Export Setup .............................................................. 223
Installation
S-144DR
21
Illustrations
Figure 2-1 ......... Facility Requirements ................................. 224
Figure 2-2 ......... Computer Hook-ups ................................... 225
Figure 2-3 ......... Wiring Diagram ......................................... 226
Figure 2-5 ......... Heating Elements....................................... 228
Figure 2-6 ......... Braided Cable Installation ........................... 229
Figure 2-7 ......... Combustion System Assembly ..................... 230
Figure 2-8 ......... Combustion System ................................... 231
Figure 2-9 ......... Sliding Door And Combustion Shelf .............. 232
Figure 2-10 ....... Reagent Tube Removal ............................... 233
Figure 2-11 ....... Reagent Tube Installation ........................... 233
22
S-144DR
Installation
Analyzer Installation
WARNING
Note
Installation
HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARD

The analyzer operates from 230V~. Contact with
this voltage can be lethal. During installation, do
not apply power until instructed. Before servicing
this equipment, disconnect it from the electrical
power source.
1.
Provide a solid and level work surface with convenient

electrical power and gas supplies. Refer to Specifications,
page 119, for power and gas supplies requirements.
2.
Install the S-144DR as shown in Facility Requirements,

providing a minimum access space of six inches around
the analyzer (figure 2-1, page 224).
3.
Connect the AC power cord to the power connector on the

rear of the analyzer (figure 2-1, page 224).
A male plug and a female receptacle are supplied for the

power cord. If other types of connectors are used, follow
the wire diagram (figure 2-3, page 226).
4.
Connect the other end of the AC power cord to facility

power.
S-144DR
23
International Installation
For international installation, a HAR approved line cord for use
in the end country must be obtained. This product requires a
disconnect device that may either be the plug of the power cord
or a disconnect device installed at the installation site if the
equipment is permanently wired.
When the plug on the power supply cord is intended to serve as
the disconnect device, the socket/outlet must be installed near
the equipment and shall be easily accessible. When the wiring
is permanently connected, a disconnect device (such as a
circuit breaker or switch) must be lockable, installed near the
equipment, and be easily accessible.
24
S-144DR
Installation
Heating Element Installation

This procedure describes how to install or replace the heating
elements.
WARNING
ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD

To avoid electrical shock, make sure the
instrument is turned off and disconnected from
the facility power before starting this procedure.
WARNING
HIGH TEMPERATURE HAZARD

To avoid burns, make sure the instrument is
cooled to room temperature before starting this
procedure.
!
CAUTION
POSSIBLE HEATING ELEMENT DAMAGE

Silicon carbide heating elements are sensitive to
mechanical shock and have a relatively low
tensile strength. Elements should be handled
with care at all times to avoid breakage. Always
handle elements with one hand on each end.
!
CAUTION
Installation
POSSIBLE HEATING ELEMENT DAMAGE

Heating elements are provided by LECO in
matched sets. Heating elements must be changed
in matched sets. Changing individual elements or
mixing old elements with new will significantly
reduce element life.
S-144DR
25
1.
Turn the analyzer off and disconnect from facility power.

Allow sufficient time for it to cool to room temperature.
WARNING

Disconnect the power cord from the facility
power source before continuing with this
procedure.
WARNING

procedure.
2.
Remove the right side panel.
3.
Remove the front panel by unscrewing the three

thumbscrews holding the front panel and the two Phillips
screws holding the top of the panel.
4.
Remove the purge tube (figure 2-4, page 227).
5.
If the reagent tubes are installed, remove the left reagent

tube (figure 2-4, page 227).
A.
Slide reagent tube upward until the bottom end can

swing free (figure 2-10, page 233).
B.
Tilt out the free reagent tube end.
C.
Pull the reagent tube downward off the top port.
6.
Remove the adapter (figure 2-4, page 227).
7.
Remove the adapter block assembly by unscrewing the

two thumbscrews (figure 2-4, page 227).
8.
Remove the rear access panel by unscrewing the six

screws holding the panel (figure 2-4, page 227).
9.
Remove the slot cover on top of the analyzer by

unscrewing the two screws holding it in place.
10. Insert the four heating elements in the four holes in the
furnace. The heating elements are properly positioned
when approximately 1/4 inch of the darker portion of each
rod is visible in front of the combustion area (figure 2-5,
page 228).
26
S-144DR
Installation
Note
Handle elements with extreme care during installation.

When placing heating elements into the furnace use a
straight (linear) motion and try to avoid contact with the
furnace wall and related parts. Avoid any unnecessary
stress on the elements and do not force the elements into
the terminal holes.
11. From the front of the furnace, curl one end of the braided
cable around the upper left heating element (figure 2-6,
page 229).
12. Using the clamp expansion tool, install a clamp onto the
heating element over the braided cable.
13. Curl the other end of the cable around the lower bottom
heating element and clamp it in place. The braided cable
must not be taut.
Note
The braided cables must have sufficient slack (1/2-inch flex)

to allow the elements to expand during use and the cables
must be routed to assure sufficient clearance of all nearby
components.
14. Repeat steps 11-13 for the right two heating elements.
15. From the back of the furnace, curl the free end of the left
braided cable, already connected to the instrument,
around the lower left heating element and clamp it in
place.
16. Curl the free end of the right braided cable, already
connected to the instrument, around the lower right
heating element and clamp it in place.
17. Curl one end of the remaining braided cable around the
upper left heating element and clamp it in place.
18. Curl the other end of the braided cable around the upper
right heating element and clamp it in place.
19. Set the lower front ceramic insulator into the slots
provided on the left and right of the furnace. Slide the
square down in place (figure 2-5, page 228).
20. Place the ceramic insulator with the notch on top of the
first square (figure 2-5, page 228).
21. Insert the back ceramic insulator through the slot in the
top of the instrument and into the slots provided on the
left and right sides of the furnace (figure 2-5, page 228).
Installation
S-144DR
27
22. Reinstall the rear access panel (figure 2-4, page 227).
23. Reinstall the cover to the slot located on top of the
instrument.
Notes
28
Clamps should be replaced with every second or third

heating element replacement or when they exhibit a loss of
tension.
Braided cables should be replaced with every second or

third heating element replacement or when they exhibit
surface oxidation (light colored powder on surface), surface
bubbling, or brittle, damaged, or broken strands.
Order the 606-601-110 Heating Element Replacement Kit

for replacement clamps, cables, and elements. Refer to
Options, page 115, for ordering information.
S-144DR
Installation
Combustion System Installation

This procedure describes how to install or replace the
combustion system.
WARNING

To avoid electrical shock, make sure the
instrument is turned off and disconnected from
the facility power source before starting this
procedure.
WARNING

procedure.
Note
Installation
1.
Remove the front flange and the compression flange from

the adapter block assembly (figure 2-7, page 230).
2.
Place the inner combustion tube o-ring on the end of the

inner combustion tube and slide the o-ring back
approximately 1/4 inch (figure 2-7, page 230).
3.
Install the inner combustion tube into the front of the

adapter block assembly (which has already been removed
from the instrument) until the o-ring prevents the tube
from going any further (figure 2-7, page 230).
Be sure that the face of the front flange is flush with the
face of the inner combustion tube. If it is not, the
combustion tube will break when installed.
4.
Set the adapter block assembly face down on the

workbench.
5.
Insert the boat stop into the end of the inner combustion
tube (figure 2-7, page 230).
6.
Place the outer combustion tube o-ring around the lip of

the outer combustion tube and slide the o-ring back
approximately 1/4 inch (figure 2-7, page 230).
S-144DR
29
7.
Place the outer combustion tube over the boat stop and
inner combustion tube. The combustion tube is properly
positioned when the o-ring is centered on the flanged lip of
the adapter block (figure 2-7, page 230).
8.
Slide the compression flange down the outer combustion

tube and lay it on the adapter block, counter-bored side
up. The compression flange should be positioned so the
flat edges are on the same side as the slots in the adapter
block (figure 2-7, page 230).
9.
Secure the flange to the adapter block with the screws.
10. Place the entire assembly in the furnace and secure the
adapter block assembly with the two thumbscrews (figure
2-8, page 231).
210
S-144DR
Installation
Sliding Door and Combustion Shelf Installation
Note
Installation
1.
Install the upper door guide by securing it to the outer

flange with the screws provided. Make sure that the notch
in the door guide is facing down (figure 2-8, page 231).
2.
Reinstall the purge tube (figure 2-4, page 227).
3.
Reinstall the front panel. Secure the two Phillips screws

located on the top of the instrument and the three
thumbscrews in the front of the instrument.
4.
Position the sliding door in the upper door guide. While

holding the door in place, position the lower door guide.
Secure the lower door guide using the screw provided
(figure 2-9, page 232).
5.
Position the sliding door in the upper door guide. While

holding the door in place, position the lower door guide.
Secure the lower door guide using the screw provided.
Make sure the door slides back and forth freely. If the door
does not move freely, spread the guide plates apart.
A.
Loosen the screws holding the top door guide,

pushing the door guide to the top of the unit, and
retightening the screws.
B.
Loosen the screws holding the bottom door guide,

pushing the door guide towards the base of the unit,
and retightening the screws.
6.
Reinstall the side panel.
7.
Reinstall the adapter tube (figure 2-9, page 232).
8.
Install the combustion shelf using the thumbscrews in

the stand on the front of the instrument (figure 2-9,
page 232).
9.
Set the cooling plate on top of the combustion shelf.
Adjust the combustion shelf so the sample boat easily slides

in and out of the combustion tube.
S-144DR
211
Reagent Tube Installation

1.
212
Remove the reagent tubes (figure 2-10, page 233).

A.

swing free.
B.
C.
2.
Pack 1/2-inch of glass wool into the bottom of reagent

tubes.
3.
Fill each reagent tube with 43/4 inches of anhydrone.

Leave a 3/4-inch space at the top of each reagent tube
4.
Reinstall the reagent tubes.
S-144DR
Installation
Gas Connections
Installation
1.
Install the connector to the regulator on the oxygen gas

supply.
2.
Connect the other end of the OXY IN fitting to the back of

the instrument (figure 2-1, page 224).
S-144DR
213
Exhaust Tube Connections
Note
214
1.
Install an exhaust tube to the back of the instrument

2.
Vent the exhaust tube outside the work area.
LECO recommends installing an exhaust tube leading to a

vent outside the work area.
S-144DR
Installation
Computer Installation
An IBM compatible personal computer (PC) and monitor are
required to control the instrument and are included in the
equipment package. If the computer system is not supplied by
LECO, the computer used must meet the minimum
requirements, page 216, for additional information.
!
CAUTION
POSSIBLE SOFTWARE ERROR

Do not turn the analyzer on until the C-144
software and the USB/ISA interface card have
been installed and the USB cable and ground
strap have been connected.
1.
Unpack the computer and monitor.
2.
Install the computer system on a level surface near the

analyzer (figure 2-1, page 224).
3.
Install the monitor.
4.
Installation
A.
Connect the power cube, supplied with the monitor,

to the power input jack on the rear of the monitor.
Refer to the manual supplied with the monitor for
additional information.
B.
Connect the data cable, supplied with the monitor, to

the monitor connector on the rear of the computer.
Install the computer tower (figure 2-2, page 225).

A.
Locate the USB cable (universal serial bus) and

connect it to the USB connector on the rear of the
computer. Connect the other end to the USB
connector on the rear of the instrument.
B.
Locate the keyboard, supplied with the computer, and

set it in front of the monitor. Connect the keyboard
cable to the keyboard connector on the rear of the
computer.
C.
Locate the mouse, supplied with the computer, and

set it next to the keyboard. Connect the mouse cable
to the mouse connector on the rear of the computer.
The mouse pad should be positioned under the
mouse.
S-144DR
215
5.
6.
Note
Install the printer if available. For printer part number and

ordering information, refer to Options, page 115, for
A.
Connect the power cube, supplied with the printer to

the power input jack on the rear of the printer. Refer
to the manual supplied with the printer for additional
information.
B.
Connect the printer cable to the connector on the rear

of the printer. Connect the other end of the printer
cable to the printer (parallel) connector on the rear of
the computer.
C.
Refer to the manual supplied with the printer and

install the ink cartridges in the printer.
Connect the computer, monitor, and printer to facility

power.
It is strongly recommended to use a surge protector when

installing the computer system.
7.
Turn the computer, monitor, and printer on and wait for

the Operating System to load.
8.
Align the ink cartridges. Refer to the manual supplied with

the printer for the alignment instructions.
9.
Click the S-144DR icon and follow the registration

instructions that appear on the display. Make sure the
applications program has loaded and the program appears
on the display before continuing. The software should be
pre-installed. If not, install software.
Minimum Requirements
216
CPUPentium 333MHz
RAM256 MB
Operating SystemWindows2000
HardwareUSB Driver and 1 USB Port
Hard Drive2 GB
Video800 x 600 pixels, A LCD Flat Panel Display is

recommended
S-144DR
Installation
USB Cable Installation
!
CAUTION

Do not turn the analyzer on until the S-144DR
software, page 219, and the USB/ISA interface
card, page 104, have been installed and the USB
cable, page 217, and ground strap, page 218
have been connected.
WARNING
HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARD

power source.
Installation
1.
Turn the computer and analyzer off and disconnect from

facility power.
2.
Locate the USB cable (universal serial bus) and plug one
end to the USB connector on the rear of the computer.
3.
Plug the other end to the USB connector on the rear of the
instrument into the USB/ISA interface card, page 104.
Refer to figure 11-1, page 11-3, for additional information.
S-144DR
217
Ground Strap Installation
!
CAUTION

WARNING
HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARD

power source.
1.
WARNING
218
Turn the computer and analyzer off and disconnect from

facility power.

Disconnect the power cord from the facility
power source before continuing with this
procedure.
2.
Remove the second screw and washer from the right along
the bottom of the instrument back panel. Leave the
washer on the screw.
3.
Slide one end of the ground strap onto the screw.
4.
Reinstall the screw and washer with the ground strap into
the back panel.
5.
Connect the other end of the ground strap to the back of

the computer tower.
A.
Unscrew either the serial or print port connector.
B.
Slide the ring lug on the free end of the ground strap
onto the screw.
C.
Reinstall the screws and connector removed in 5A.
S-144DR
Installation
Software
The S-144DR software can be loaded once the hardware
components have been properly set up. The Windows
operating system and S-144DR software is initially installed by
LECO. Use this procedure to install the S-144DR software when
a PC is not purchased from LECO.
A major portion of the analyzer's functions are defined and
controlled by a software program. Periodically, software version
updates that enhance operation are available from LECO. An
identification system for program changes called 'Program
Version' is used in the S-144DR Analyzer and other LECO
instruments. For software update of the program, refer to
Software Upgrades.
A three-digit number identifies program version levels. The first
generation of a program is version '1.00'. Each time a program
is changed, the version number is increased.
Note
A Security Registration Number, page 93, needs to be

entered after a software upgrade has been installed. If the
system is new, a LECO technician has already entered the
registration number.
Installation
Note
Installation
1.
With the computer on, place the software update disk in

the floppy disk drive (typically A:)
2.
Click the Start button in the lower left-hand corner.
3.
Click Run. The Microsoft Install Wizard is accessed.
4.
Read the selections and follow the prompts displayed by

the Install Wizard to install the S-144DR program. Click
the Next button to move through the prompts.
Be sure the file destination displayed by the Install Wizard is

C:\Program Files\LECO\S-144DR.
5.
After clicking the Finish button on the last prompt

displayed by the Install Wizard, the computer
automatically installs the new version of the software and
the necessary files. This procedure also replaces old
version of the S-144DR application.
S-144DR
219
Note
Refer to Security Registration, page 93, for additional

information.
Start Up
220
1.
Turn the computer and monitor On.
2.
From the Start menu, click Programs.
3.
Select the LECO S-144DR folder containing the

S-144DR programs.
S-144DR
Installation
Setup Information
LECO provides a Setup Information disk containing the furnace
calibration for the instrument and a calibrated method. The
setup disk should be used to initially set up the S-144DR
system. Typically, the information on the setup disk will not be
used again after the initial setup.
Import Setup
The import setup information feature can be used to import
setup information from another file or disk into the S-144DR
software.
Notes
New methods can be created and existing methods can be

edited using the Method Setup dialog box. For additional
information, refer to Create a Method, page 510.
A furnace calibration can be done using the Furnace

Calibration dialog box. For additional information, refer to
Calibrate Furnace Temperature, page 412.
1.
With the computer on, place the setup information disk in

the floppy disk drive (typically A:).
2.
From the Tools menu, click Import Setup Information.

The system automatically checks the A: drive for the setup
information disk.
A.
Installation
If the setup information disk is not found, a system

prompt is displayed. Check that the setup information
disk is inserted in the computer's disk drive and click
Retry.
S-144DR
221
B.
3.
222
Selecting Cancel from this prompt displays the Open

dialog box that allows setup information to be loaded
from another file.
Locate and select the file. Click Open. The system loads
the setup information into the S-144DR software.
S-144DR
Installation
Export Setup
The S-144DR allows setup information to be exported to a disk
or alternate file location.
1.
2.
Installation
From the Tools menu, click Export Setup Information.

The system automatically checks the A: drive for the setup
information disk.
A.
If the setup information disk is not found, a system

prompt is displayed. Check that the setup information
disk is inserted in the computer's disk drive and click
Retry.
B.
To export to another location, click Cancel at this

prompt to display the Save As dialog box. Select the
location where the setup information is to be saved.
The system exports the setup information to the disk.
S-144DR
223
REGULATOR
KEYBOARD
MOUSE
H/P PRINTER
(OPTIONAL)
OXYGEN
TANK
TO POWER
SOURCE
OXYGEN
CONNECTOR
EXHAUST
ANALYZER
J101
MEASURE
EXHAUST
ALARM
RELAY
COMPUTER
(OPTIONAL)
REAR ACCESS
PANEL
MONITOR
(OPTIONAL)
BALANCE
(OPTIONAL)
40 PSI
2.76 BAR
OXYGEN INLET
RESET
OXYGEN
INLET
TO POWER
SOURCE
Note
WARNING
High Voltage
To avo id elect ric sh ock, dis conn ect the linecord be fore servici ng.
OVEN FAN
OVEN HEATER
USB
CABLE
TO POWER
SOURCE
TO POWER
SOURCE
TO POWER
SOURCE
BALANCE
INTERFACE
CABLE
Refer to figure 2-2, page 225, for additional computer

hook-up information.
Figure 2-1
Facility Requirements
224
S-144DR
Installation
MONITOR
(VIDEO PORT)
MOUSE
(SERIAL PORT)
KEYBOARD
(SERIAL PORT)
PRINTER
(USB PORT)
ANALYZER
(USB PORT)
BALANCE
(COM1 PORT)
COM2 PORT
Figure 2-2
Computer Hook-ups
Installation
S-144DR
225
DETERMINATOR
POWER CORD
BLACK
POWER
220 VAC
WHITE
NEUTRAL
0 VAC
GREEN
GROUND
CHASSIS
(CABINET)
GROUND
220 VAC 3 WIRE WIRING DIAGRAM

(INTERNATIONAL)
765-768 PLUG
POWER
115 VAC
GROUND
POWER
230 VAC
115 VAC
WHITE
GREEN
BLACK
WHITE
GREEN G
RED
RED *
X
BLACK
CHASSIS
(CABINET)
GROUND
765-978 RECEPTACLE
* RED WIRE IS CUT OFF INSIDE THE UNIT AND IS NON-FUNCTIONAL
230 VAC 3 WIRE WIRING DIAGRAM (U.S.A.)
Figure 2-3
Wiring Diagram
226
S-144DR
Installation
614-687
REAR ACCESS
PANEL
616-051
PURGE TUBE
616-035
ADAPTER
BLOCK
ASSEMBLY
606-316
ADAPTER
606-327
REAGENT
TUBE
(2-REQ'D)
Figure 2-4
Component Installation
Installation
S-144DR
227
606-323
REAR CERAMIC
INSULATOR
616-084
TOP FRONT
CERAMIC
INSULATOR
606-321
LOWER FRONT
CERAMIC
INSULATOR
606-601
HEATING
ELEMENTS
(4/SET)
Figure 2-5
Heating Elements
228
S-144DR
Installation
CLAMP
HEATING
ELEMENT
CABLE
CABLE
HEATING
ELEMENT
CLAMP
EXPANSION
TOOL
BRAIDED
CABLE
(2 REQUIRED)
0.125 TYP
USE FOUR CLAMPS

TO SECURE CABLES TO ELEMENTS
BRAIDED
CABLE
BRAIDED
CABLE
WITH CLIP
(2 REQUIRED)
STANDOFF
(2 REQUIRED)
Figure 2-6
Braided Cable Installation
Installation
S-144DR
229
616-012
FRONT FLANGE
616-068
INNER COMBUSTION
TUBE O-RING
606-307
FITTING
616-070
INNER COMBUSTION
TUBE
616-035
ADAPTER BLOCK
ASSEMBLY
616-013
COMPRESSION
FLANGE
616-086
BOAT STOP
783-897
OUTER COMBUSTION
TUBE O-RING
FLAT SIDES
TOWARD SLOTS
REAR VIEW OF
ADAPTER BLOCK
616-089
OUTER COMBUSTION
TUBE
616-013
COMPRESSION
FLANGE
190-742
SCREW
(8 REQ'D)
Figure 2-7
Combustion System Assembly
230
S-144DR
Installation
616-009
SLOT COVER
616-051
PURGE TUBE
616-015
UPPER DOOR
GUIDE
COMBUSTION
SYSTEM
ASSEMBLY
606-298
THUMBSCREW
AND SPACER
(2 REQD)
Figure 2-8
Combustion System
Installation
S-144DR
231
616-062
SLIDING
DOOR
ASSEMBLY
606-324
SHELF
616-027
LOWER DOOR
GUIDE
614-694
COMBUSTION
SHELF
606-316
ADAPTER
Figure 2-9
Sliding Door And Combustion Shelf
232
S-144DR
Installation
TUBE
Figure 2-10
Reagent Tube Removal
773-320
O-RING
(2 REQ'D)
606-327
REAGENT TUBE
(2 REQ'D)
501-171
ANHYDRONE
(4 3/4 IN.)
501-081
GLASS WOOL
(1/2 IN.)
772-520
O-RING
(2 REQ'D)
Figure 2-11
Reagent Tube Installation
Installation
S-144DR
233
234
S-144DR
Installation
Option Installation
O
p
tio
n
I
ta
s
lio
n
The Option Installation chapter gives information about and
explains how to install optional accessories and kit packages.
Illustrations .......................................................................32
Balance.............................................................................33
Balance Installation ....................................................... 33
Reset Balance ............................................................... 34
Set Data Output Parameters ........................................... 35
Printer ..............................................................................36
Option Installation
S-144DR
31
Illustrations
Figure 3-1 ......... Balance Assembly ...................................... 37
Figure 3-2 ......... Balance Control Panel................................. 37
32
S-144DR
Option Installation
Balance
The S-144DR is capable of being interfaced to an electronic
balance so that sample weights may be electronically
transferred. The optional balance offered is the Sartorius
AC121S. Refer to Options, page 115, for part number and
ordering information.
Balance Installation
Option Installation
1.
Unpack the balance and assemble as shown in the balance

operation manual.
2.
Plug the AC adapter, supplied with the balance, into facility

power. Connect the AC adapter cable to the power input
jack on the rear of the balance.
3.
Adjust the balance feet to level the balance. The level

bubble, located on the rear of the balance, should be
inside the circle when the balance is level.
4.
Locate the balance connector on the rear panel of the

analyzer and connect one end of the balance interface
cable to the balance port (figure 2-1, page 224).
5.
Connect the other end of the balance interface cable to the

rear of the balance.
S-144DR
33
Reset Balance
The balance must be activated in the Windows software to
properly accept the balance's data. Refer to Configure Balance
Parameters, page 46, for activation information. The electronic
balance has its own setup menu. The serial communications are
preset. Refer to the balance manual should any of these
parameters need to be changed or reset.
34
1.
Remove the hole plug on the lower front right corner of

the balance and move the menu access switch to the right
2.
Turn the power on to the balance by pushing the Power On

button. As soon as all the segments on the display light
up, push the Tare button. The display will blank for a few
seconds and then display the menu code settings (figure
3-2, page 37).
3.
Press F1 to display 9 in the left digit.
4.
Press F2 (Print) to skip the center digit.
5.
Press F1 to display 1 as the right digit.
6.
Press Tare.
7.
Press Clear Function (CF).
8.
Turn the power off to the balance.
S-144DR
Option Installation
Set Data Output Parameters

Configure the balance by setting the Data Output Parameter to
"Print at Request on Stability" code 613 using the following
procedure.
Option Installation
1.
Turn the power on to the balance by pushing the Power

On button. As soon as all segments on the display light,
push the Tare button. The display will blank for a few
seconds and then display the menu code settings (figure
3-2, page 37).
2.
Press F1 to display 6 in the left digit.
3.
Press F2 (Print) to display the center digit.
4.
Press F1 to display 1 in the center digit.
5.
Press F2 (Print) to display the right digit.
6.
Press F1 to display 3 in the right digit.
7.
Press Tare.
8.
Press Clear Function (CF).
9.
Reposition the menu access switch to the left and reinstall

the hole plug (figure 3-1, page 37).
S-144DR
35
Printer
The S-144DR is designed to directly interface with the DeskJet
printer offered by LECO. Although other printers may work,
LECO does not recommend nor support these printers.
Notes
36
For part number and ordering information, refer to Options,

page 115.
The printer cable should be connected to the parallel printer

port on the rear of the computer. Refer to the Facility
Requirements (figure 2-1, page 224) for the location of the
printer port.
S-144DR
Option Installation
MENU ACCESS
SWITCH
HOLE PLUG
Figure 3-1
Balance Assembly
TOGGLE
POWER ON
CLEAR
FUNCTION
INFORMATION
I/O
F1
TARE
i
CF
TARE
TARE
PRINT
F2
Figure 3-2
Balance Control Panel
Option Installation
S-144DR
37
38
S-144DR
Option Installation
System Setup
S
s
y
m
te
S
tu
e
p
The System Setup chapter explains how to set the operating
parameters for a specific application or set of applications. These
procedures should be done before any samples are analyzed for
the first time per application.
About the Examples

The numbers used for the screen examples in this manual are only
to illustrate operation and may or may not be applicable to specific
procedures.
Illustrations .......................................................................44
Controls and Indicators .......................................................45
Configure Balance Parameters ..............................................46
Balance Definitions ........................................................ 47
Data Transmission Parameters .............................................48
Data Transmit Definitions ............................................. 410
Set Furnace Temperature .................................................. 411
Calibrate Furnace Temperature........................................... 412
Software Overview ........................................................... 414
Main Window .............................................................. 414
Executing Commands................................................... 415
Using the Mouse.......................................................... 415
Using Dialog Boxes ...................................................... 416
Dialog Box Features ................................................ 417
Using Help.................................................................. 418
Spreadsheet .................................................................... 419
Sample Pane............................................................... 419
Samples..................................................................... 420
Add a Sample ........................................................ 420
Delete a Sample ..................................................... 420
Entering Text .............................................................. 421
Columns..................................................................... 422
Resize Columns ...................................................... 423
System Setup
S-144DR
41
User-Defined Fields................................................. 423

Columns Definitions ................................................ 424
Format Columns ..................................................... 426
Format Codes ........................................................ 428
Using the Status Bar .................................................... 429
Using the Toolbar ........................................................ 430
Toolbar Buttons Definitions ...................................... 430
Menu References .................................................... 431
Sample Menu .................................................... 431
Tools Menu ....................................................... 431
Help Menu ........................................................ 431
Menus............................................................................. 432
Samples Menu ............................................................ 432
Edit Menu ................................................................... 432
View Menu.................................................................. 433
Tools Menu ................................................................. 433
Help Menu .................................................................. 433
Using the On-Board Manual ............................................... 434
Access On-Board Manual .............................................. 435
Navigation Pane .......................................................... 436
Navigation Pane Tabs .............................................. 436
Hide/Show............................................................. 436
Customize the On-Board Manual .................................... 437
Resize................................................................... 437
Proportionately Change Size..................................... 437
Change Height/Width .............................................. 437
Reposition ............................................................. 437
Topics........................................................................ 438
Find a Topic ........................................................... 438
Contents .......................................................... 438
Index............................................................... 438
Search ............................................................. 438
Find Topics Using Toolbar Buttons ............................. 439
Copy a Topic .......................................................... 439
Print a Topic .......................................................... 440
Favorite Topics List ................................................. 441
42
S-144DR
System Setup
Searches .................................................................... 442

Defining Search Terms ............................................ 442
Search for Topics.................................................... 443
Basic Rules ....................................................... 443
Search for Words or Phrases .................................... 443
Search for Words in Titles ........................................ 444
Highlight Words in Topics......................................... 444
Find Words Similar to Search Term ........................... 445
Full-Text Search ..................................................... 446
Advanced Full-Text Search....................................... 446
Nested Expressions ................................................. 447
Basic Rules ....................................................... 447
Previous Results Search........................................... 448
Shortcuts ................................................................... 449
Shortcut Keys ........................................................ 449
On-Board Manual............................................... 449
Contents Tab .................................................... 450
Search Tab ....................................................... 450
Favorites Tab .................................................... 450
Shortcut Menu Commands ....................................... 451
System Setup
S-144DR
43
Illustrations
Figure 4-1 ......... Controls and Indicators............................... 452
Figure 4-2 ......... Furnace Temperature Adjustment ................ 453
Figure 4-3 ......... Dual Furnace Controller Card....................... 454
44
S-144DR
System Setup
Controls and Indicators
Note
Refer to figure 4-1, page 452, for addition information.
Circuit BreakerSwitches power on and off to the

determinator. Also acts as a circuit breaker on the incoming
facility line power.
Reagent TubesPurifies incoming and outgoing gas by
removing moisture.
Purge Flow FlowmeterMeasures the purge flow in lpm (liters
per minute).
Measure Flow FlowmeterMeasures the pneumatic flow in lpm
(liters per minute).
Printer (not shown)The printer is used to print out analysis
data, information presented on the display, and buffer or
screen plots.
System Setup
S-144DR
45
Configure Balance Parameters

In order to obtain accurate and reliable data, the balance and
the computer software should communicate with each other.
The software should accept the data codes being transmitted by
the balance. The software allows the operator to set the
transmitting code used by the balance in the software options.
Notes
The codes used to transmit data from the balance can be

found in the documentation received with the balance.
Make sure the balance and analyzer are configured the

same. If the balance and analyzer are configured differently,
no weights may be transferred to the analyzer.
1.
Turn the analyzer on.
2.
Turn the balance on.
3.
From the Tools menu, click Options. The Balance Options

dialog box is displayed.
4.
Set the Balance Options. Refer to Balance Definitions,

page 47, for additional information.
A.
46
From the Baud pull-down menu, select the baud

rate. The baud rate controls the number of bits per
seconds being transmitted. The recommended
selection is 1200.
S-144DR
System Setup
B.
From the Parity pull-down menu, select Odd, Even,

or None. Parity is the way the computer checks that
the information being transmitted fits a specific code
expression. The recommended selection is Even.
C.
From the Data Bits pull-down menu, select the

number of bits that can be transmitted from the
balance. Data Bits are a way of measuring the
amount of data transmitted. The recommended
selection is 7.
D.
From the Stop Bits pull-down menu, select the

number of bits that control the delays between
transmitting data. The recommended selection is 1.
E.
From the Port pull-down menu, select the computer

serial port to which the balance is connected. The
recommended selection is COM1.
Balance Definitions
transmitted.
being transmitted fits a specific code expression.
Selections: Odd, Even, or None.
data.
PortSerial port to which the balance is connected.
System Setup
S-144DR
47
Data Transmission Parameters

Data collected using the S-144DR can be transmitted for use in
other applications, instruments, printer, etc. The S-144DR
allows transmission parameters to be entered so the data can
be sent in a format that the receiving application understands.
48
1.
Turn the analyzer On.
2.
Turn the balance On.
3.
From the Tools menu, click Select Options. The Balance

Options dialog box is displayed.
4.
Click Data Transmit Setup tab. The Data Transmit Setup

S-144DR
System Setup
5.
6.
Notes
System Setup
Select format.
A.
Clicking Delete button removes the currently

selected format from the list.
B.
Click Add button. The Format Name dialog box is

displayed. Several formats can be configured to
correspond with different types of applications that
will be accepting the data.
C.
Enter a name for the data transmission setup.
Select serial port.

A.
Select the computer port to be used for transmission.

After the port is specified, the parameters for
transmitting the data need to be set up. The S-144DR
software needs to be setup to send the data code
accepted by the receiving application.
B.
Click Setup button to access serial port. The Port

Configuration dialog box is displayed.
Refer to Data Transmit Definitions, page 410, for

Be sure that the transmission settings entered in the

software match the transmission settings of the receiving
application.
S-144DR
49
1)
Select the number of Stop Bits by clicking the

radial button to the left of the number. The
recommended selection is 1.
2)
From the Baud pull-down menu, select the baud

rate. The baud rate controls the number of bits
per seconds being transmitted. The
recommended selection is 9600.
3)
Select the Data Bits by clicking the radial button

to the left of the number. The recommended
selection is 8.
4)
Select Parity by clicking the radial button to the

left of the choice. The recommended selection is
None.
5)
Select Flow Control by clicking the radial button

to the left of the choice. The recommended
selection is None.
7.
AutomationIf the result data should automatically be

transmitted after each analysis, click in the check box to
the left of After Each Analysis. A check indicates that
automatic transmission is activated.
8.
Transmit FormatPressing the Preview button allows the

user to view the result data in Transmit Format window.
The fields displayed in this window can be edited to include
or excluded any of the available data fields in the Available
Function field.
9.
Available FunctionsThe result data that is available for

transmission is listed in the Available Functions field.
10. When finished, click OK to accept changes and exit. Click

Apply to accept the changes and continue making other
changes. Click Cancel to exit without making changes.
Data Transmit Definitions

transmitted.
being transmitted fits a specific code expression.
Selections: Odd, Even, or None.
data.
PortSerial port to which the balance is connected.
410
S-144DR
System Setup
Set Furnace Temperature

The furnace temperature is controlled by the dual furnace
control II card. Establishing the furnace temperature involves
setting the furnace temperature, the over-temperature, and the
furnace current.
Note
System Setup
Start with a cold furnace.
1.
From the Tools menu, click Diagnostics. The Diagnostics

2.
Turn the furnace on by setting the furnace temperature

set point between 1200oC and 1400oC (figure 4-2,
page 453).
3.
While the furnace temperature is rising, adjust R2 on the

dual furnace controller card until 17 amps is read in the
Furnace Limit field on the diagnostics dialog box (figure
4-3, page 454).
4.
Adjust R3 on the dual furnace controller card until the

over-temperature field reads 1500oC in the Diagnostics
dialog box (figure 4-2, page 454).
S-144DR
411
Calibrate Furnace Temperature

The furnace temperature should be calibrated before running
any samples. During the furnace calibration, the system
develops an equation to correct for any differences found
between the actual furnace temperatures and the set point
temperatures.
Note
A calibrated S-type thermocouple is needed to complete this

procedure.
A low temperature and a high temperature should be selected

for calibration. LECO recommends 1000oC as the low
temperature and 1350oC as the high temperature. The
calibration temperatures are added to the Calibrate Furnace
dialog box as the furnace reaches those temperatures. The
furnace temperatures can be monitored by watching the Raw
Temperature and Raw Set Point values in the Furnace
Calibration dialog box.
Note
1.
From the Tools menu, click Calibrate Furnace. The

Furnace Calibration dialog box is displayed.
2.
Set the furnace to the low calibration temperature. Refer

to Set Furnace Temperature, page 411, for additional
information.
3.
412
Any previous calibrations that have been saved are still

listed in the dialog box.
Slide the thermocouple in until it hits the boat stop. The
thermocouple should rest on the boat stop in order to
register the furnace temperature.
S-144DR
System Setup
Notes
Note
4.
When the furnace reaches the set temperature, click the

Add button. The temperatures and set point values are
automatically entered using the readings taken by the
software.
5.
Manually enter the thermocouple reading into the

Thermocouple Reading box. Use the reading on the
external thermocouple.
The Remove button deletes the currently selected

temperatures.
The Calibrate button can be used to calibrate any

temperatures that have been added to the dialog box.
Pressing the Calibrate button does not save the calibration
values, it only updates the values displayed in the Furnace
Calibration dialog box. The calibration values are saved
when the OK button is pressed.
6.
Set the furnace to the high calibration temperature. Refer

to Set Furnace Temperature, page 411 for additional
information.
7.
When the furnace reaches the set temperature, click the

Add button. The temperatures and set point values are
automatically entered using the readings taken by the
software.
8.
Manually enter the thermocouple reading into the

Thermocouple Reading box. Use the reading on the
external thermocouple.
9.
WARNING
System Setup
The S-144DR allows the calibrating of other temperatures.

Remove the thermocouple from the boat stop.

The thermocouple will be hot. Use extreme
caution when removing the thermocouple from
the boat stop.
S-144DR
413
Software Overview
Before operating the S-144DR software, it is necessary to be
comfortable with the Microsoft Windows operating system.
Main Window
The S-144DR main window displays the toolbar and menu
commands used to calibrate and run an analysis. The S-144DR
main window also displays the sample data collected during the
analysis and the status bar used to monitor the current
condition of the program.
414
S-144DR
System Setup
Executing Commands
There are several different ways to execute the commands and
routines in the S-144DR software: menu commands, shortcut
keys, and mouse-activated buttons.
Menu CommandsAre activated by selecting the menu with the
mouse and then clicking the command on that menu.
Shortcut KeysThese are keyboard keys used to activate the
command. No clicking with the mouse is needed when using
shortcut keys.
Keyboard Key CombinationsUsed to activate a menu and
execute a command. The underlined letter in the menu
command indicates the letter on the keyboard that is used to
activate the command.
Example
Pressing the ALT key and the S key opens the Samples
menu, then pressing the A key executes the Analyze
command.
Mouse-Activated ButtonsSuch as the toolbar buttons, are also

used to execute commands. Clicking on these buttons with the
left mouse button activates the command. Refer to Using the
Mouse, page 415, for additional information.
Using the Mouse

Any instructions that indicate to click a button or select
(highlight) text refer to clicking the left mouse button. It will be
explicitly stated if keyboard keys or clicking the right mouse
button (right-click) is necessary.
Shortcut menus are available to provide quick access to some
commonly used commands. To open a shortcut menu, click the
right mouse button on an object. To close the menu without
making a selection, click outside of the menu or press the ESC
key on the keyboard.
System Setup
S-144DR
415
Using Dialog Boxes

Dialog boxes are displayed when the system needs additional
information to execute a command.
Note
416
Refer to Dialog Box Features, page 417, for additional

information.
S-144DR
System Setup
Dialog Box Features

TabsUsed to provide easy access to related options. Click the
tab to display additional options.
Drop-Down List BoxesDisplays a list of available options. Click
the arrow next to the box to display the list.
Check BoxesAllows the user to enable or disable system
options. A check mark indicates that the option is selected.
Click the check box to enable or disable to options. Check
boxes are square.
Radial ButtonAllows the user to enable or disable system
options. A check mark indicates that the option is selected.
Click the radial box to enable or disable to options. Radial boxes
are round.
Text BoxesRequires the entry of text to fill the field. Click in
an empty field to display a cursor and begin typing.
Command ButtonsCause an action to occur.
The OK button saves entries in the dialog box and may use
the entries to perform a function.
The Cancel button closes the dialog box without saving the
entries or performing the function.
The Apply button saves and activates the entries in the

dialog box but does not exit.
The Help button access the Help system.
Scroll BarsAllow the viewing of options in a list, or

increase/decease numeric values. Click the arrows to view
additional options in the list or increase/decrease values.
System Setup
S-144DR
417
Using Help
The S-144DR includes an Onboard Help system designed to
help answer questions while you are using the program.
Information explaining menu commands, dialog boxes, terms,
definitions, how to perform various tasks, etc. is available by
pressing the F1 key, clicking the Help button on the toolbar, or
by selecting the Help Topics from the Help menu. Refer to
Using the On-board Manual, page 434, for additional
information.
Pressing the Shift and F1 keys, clicking the What's This? button
on the toolbar, or clicking the What's This? command from the
Help menu changes the cursor to a question mark. Clicking on
an item in the program with the question mark cursor accesses
Help information about that item.
Clicking the question mark located in the upper right corner of
a dialog box ( ) also changes the cursor to a question mark
allowing help to be accessed for any part of the dialog box.
Example
418
Click on the Question mark. The cursor has a question mark

next to it.
Click on the Print button. A pop-up window is displayed with

information about the Print button.
S-144DR
System Setup
Spreadsheet
The S-144DR software allows the operator to configure the
spreadsheet for a specific application or the operator's
preference. It also provides instructions for navigation and
explanations for usage.
Sample Pane
The sample pane spreadsheet grid records and tracks data for
individual samples. Listing the sample data in a spreadsheet
grid allows for greater versatility in entering and displaying the
sample data.
Notes
System Setup
The next sample to be analyzed is in blue.
An asterisk indicates the currently selected sample.
S-144DR
419
Samples
Selecting samples in the sample pane and then selecting the
Add Sample or Delete Sample command from the samples
menu can add and delete samples.
Notes
Several samples can be selected by dragging the mouse

over the desired samples rows or by clicking the desired
sample rows while holding the CTRL key on the keyboard.
A range of samples can also be selected by clicking on the

first sample of the range, holding the Shift key, and then
selecting the last sample to be included in the range.
Add a Sample
1.
Select a sample by clicking on the sample number to

highlight the entire sample row.
2.
From the Samples menu, click Add Sample. The sample

is added.
Delete a Sample
420
1.
Select a sample by clicking on the sample number to

highlight the entire sample row.
2.
From the Samples menu, click Delete Sample. A

confirmation pop-up window is displayed.
3.
Click Yes to delete or No to cancel.
S-144DR
System Setup
Entering Text
Text can be entered and replaced right in the sample pane,
making any additional steps for entering data unnecessary.
Clicking once on text in the spreadsheet grid activates replace
mode. In replace mode, text is replaced by typing something
new.
Double clicking on the text activates edit mode. In edit mode, a
cursor is displayed to indicate where text will be entered or
edited as you type.
Sample types and method names can be entered by selecting
them from the drop-down list or typing in the names. Double
clicking on these fields or clicking once on the arrow displays
the drop-down list so an entry can be selected.
Note
System Setup
Columns that have been generated by the system and

contain analysis results cannot be edited.
S-144DR
421
Columns
The columns that are displayed in the sample pane can be
selected and organized by clicking the Columns command on
the View menu and accessing the Columns dialog box.
Select the columns to display in the sample pane by using the
Add and Remove buttons to create a list of desired column
titles in the Displayed Columns field. The C-144 stores the data
for all of the columns listed in both the Available Columns and
Displayed Columns fields, but only shows the data for the
columns listed in the Displayed Columns field. Refer to Column
Definitions, page 424, for additional information.
Columns can also be locked in place in the sample pane to
prevent them from scrolling out of view. The number entered in
the Locked Columns field indicates the number of fields that
stay visible when using the scroll bars to move through the
sample pane.
Example
If Name is the first column displayed in the sample pane

and number 1 is entered in the Locked Columns field, the
Name column is always visible.
Move Up/Move Down buttonsMoves the column titles up or

down respectively within the list of displayed columns, which
determine the order of columns, from left to right in the
spreadsheet.
Reset buttonReturns the list of displayed columns to a default
organization.
422
S-144DR
System Setup
Resize Columns
Columns can be sized for easy viewing and organization of the
sample data. The grid cells can be resized by selecting one side
of the column title frame and dragging the frame to the desired
size. Double clicking on the divider line between the columns
sizes the column to the largest entry.
User-Defined Fields
Whenever a user-defined field is added, page 423, a column
matching the user-defined field name is displayed at the right
of the spreadsheet.
The user-defined fields can be formatted. Refer to Format
Columns, page 426, for additional information.
If the user-defined field is needed for previously analyzed
samples, the results can be recalculated for the new userdefined field. Refer to Recalculate Results, page 530, for
System Setup
S-144DR
423
Columns Definitions
#Shows the numeric sequence in which the sample was
added to the sample pane. An asterisk indicates the currently
selected sample.
NameList the sample name. If running a standard, the
standard name can be selected from the available drop-down
list.
DescriptionDisplays any additional descriptions that have
been added to identify the sample.
MethodAllows the name of the method to be specified. The
method name can be selected from the available drop-down
list.
WeightAllows the total weight, in grams, of the sample to be
entered.
SulfurList the percentage of sulfur in the sample as
determined by the analysis.
Moisture %Allows the percentage of moisture in the sample
to be entered. The S-144DR system compensates for the
moisture value by removing this percentage from the total
weight of the sample before calculating the analysis results.
OperatorAllows the name of the system operator to be
recorded.
DateDisplays the date the sample was analyzed. The date is
taken from the CPU system clock and cannot be manually
edited in the sample pane. The date and time can be set using
the Windows control panel.
Sulfur AreaDisplays the total measured milligrams of sulfur in
the sample before calibration.
Sulfur PeakDisplays the peak voltage read by the sulfur cell.
Sulfur TimeDisplays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the sulfur cell.
Low SulfurDisplays the concentration of the sample as
measured by the low sulfur cell.
High SulfurDisplays the concentration of the sample as
measured by the high sulfur cell.
Low Sulfur PeakDisplays the peak voltage read by the low
sulfur cell.
Low Sulfur AreaDisplays the total milligrams of sulfur in the
sample as measured in the low sulfur cell before calibration.
Low Sulfur TimeDisplays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the low sulfur cell.
High Sulfur PeakDisplays the peak voltage read by the high
sulfur cell.
424
S-144DR
System Setup
High Sulfur AreaDisplays the total milligrams of sulfur in the

sample as measured in the high sulfur cell before calibration.
High Sulfur TimeDisplays the amount of time the sample was
analyzed by the high sulfur cell.
Analysis TimeThe length of time for the selected sample to be
analyzed.
System Setup
S-144DR
425
Format Columns
Format Columns lets the user specify the type of unit to be
used when displaying the result data and where the unit should
be displayed on the sample pane.
1.
From the View menu, click Columns. The Columns dialog

box is displayed.
2.
Click Format tab. The Format dialog box is displayed.
A.
426
Display ColumnsSelect the column to format by

clicking on the column title (header).
S-144DR
System Setup
3.
Note
System Setup
B.
UnitSelect the unit value from the drop-down list.

The unit placement on the sample pane can be
specified by clicking on a Unit Display Option. The
unit can be displayed in the column title (header),
with the result value, or in a separate column in the
sample pane.
C.
Unit Display OptionsOnly activated when a sulfur

column is selected.
D.
NumericThe numeric format of the result data can

be specified by entering a formatting code. Refer to
Format Codes, page 428, for additional information.
E.
FontAllows the user to select the font, font style,

style, point size, color, effects and script.
Click the OK button to save the changes and exit.
Clicking the Cancel Button closes the dialog box without

saving the changes. Clicking the Apply button saves and
activates the changes but does not exit. Clicking the Help
button accesses the Help system.
S-144DR
427
Format Codes
The numeric format of the result data can be specified by
entering a formatting code. The following types of codes can be
used to format the data output results.
Picture Format CodeIndicates the decimal and comma
placement.
Format Code
#,###.##
Translation
2,333.24
Scientific Notation FormatIndicates the number of figures

shown.
Format Code
S4
Translation
3.432+002
Scientific Figures FormatIndicates the number of figures to be

shown, other than zero.
428
Format Code
F3
Translation
124000000
Format Code
F4
Translation
0.00023
S-144DR
System Setup
Using the Status Bar

If desired, the status bar can be turned off or on. The status
bar, located at the bottom of the screen, will show operational
functions of the instrument as they are currently in progress.
From the View menu, click Status Bar. A check indicates the
status bar is displayed.
System Setup
S-144DR
429
Using the Toolbar

The toolbar, located at the top of the screen, is a quick way to
perform nine menu functions without accessing the menus. The
toolbar can be turned off or on. Refer to Toolbar Definitions,
From the View menu, click Toolbar. A check indicates the

toolbar is displayed.
Toolbar Buttons Definitions

HelpAccess the onboard help topics.
Add SampleCreates a new entry in the sample pane.
AnalyzeStarts the analysis for the first unanalyzed sample.
StopStops a running analysis. During an analysis, the stop
button is displayed in place of the analyze button.
MethodsAllows the method parameters to be accessed and
configured.
StandardsAllows the standards parameters to be accessed
and configured.
PrintAllows the result data to be formatted and sent to a
printer.
DiagnosticsDisplays the current instrument conditions.
CalibrationAllows the calibration parameters to be accessed
and configured.
What's This?Accesses descriptive information about different
elements on the screen. To see information about a menu
command, toolbar button, or screen region, click the What's
This? button and then click the element in question.
430
S-144DR
System Setup
Menu References
The following table provides the corresponding menu locations
of the toolbar buttons.
Sample Menu
F3
Add Sample
F4
Analyze
F7
Print
Tools Menu
F5
Methods
F6
Standards
F8
Diagnostics
F9
Calibrate
Help Menu
System Setup
F1
Help
F10
What's This?
S-144DR
431
Menus
The following are the choices on the Menu bar in the software.
Clicking on any of these will open another set of menu choices.
Samples Menu
AddCreates a new entry in the sample pane.
DeleteDelete a sample removes a selected sample, with
sample data, from the spreadsheet.
AnalyzeDisplays the sample login screen to login and analyze
a sample or standard.
RecalculateAfter an analysis is complete, recalculate results
can be used adjust the results based on a new calibration,
blank, or sample weight.
PropertiesDisplays the sample property including name,
description, method, operator, moisture, and weight.
PrintThe print command accesses the Report Settings dialog
box to print selected sample results on the system printer.
Print PreviewThe print preview command accesses the Report
Settings dialog box to preview how selected samples would
print on the system printer.
TransmitTransmits the selected analyzed samples, with a
data format, to a host computer.
ExportUsed to export sample data to another storage location
such as a floppy diskette.
ExitUsed to exit the software application program and return
to the Windows Operating System.
Edit Menu
CopyUsed to copy data from an entire row in the spreadsheet
to the clipboard.
PasteUsed to paste data from the clipboard to a selected row
in the spreadsheet.
432
S-144DR
System Setup
View Menu
ToolbarToggles the toolbar off or on.
Status BarToggles the status bar off or on.
ColumnsAccesses the Columns dialog box. Refer to Columns,
Tools Menu
MethodsUsed to create a method for analysis. Refer to
Methods, page 5-10, for additional information.
StandardsUsed to enter standards into the calibration
standards list. Refer to Standards, page 5-18, for additional
information.
OptionsAccesses the Options dialog box. Refer to either
Configure Balance Parameter, page 46, or Data Transmission
Parameters, page 48, for additional information.
DiagnosticsAccesses the Diagnostics dialog box. Refer to
Diagnostics, page 8-3, for additional information.
Set BlankUsed to automatically calculate and set the Blank at
1 gram values for the samples selected in the sample grid.
Refer to Blank, page 516, for additional information.
CalibrateSets the accuracy of the instrument to that of known
calibration standard samples.
Calibrate FurnaceSets the accuracy of the Furnace Calibration
dialog box. Refer to Calibrate Furnace Temperature, page 411,
for additional information.
Export Setup InformationUsed to export sample data to
another storage location like a floppy disk.
Import Setup InformationUsed to import sample data from
another software application.
Validate DatabaseUsed to recover missing database
information. Validating the database ensures that any item
referenced by another item is included in the database.
Select LanguagePermits the user to select the language of the
software. The on-board manual will remain in English.
Help Menu
Help TopicsAccesses the on-board instruction manual.
What's This?Provides additional information about an item
when available.
AboutContains information about the software version
number, and the computer and registration numbers.
System Setup
S-144DR
433
Using the On-Board Manual

The on-board manual is designed to assist the operator in
setting up, operating, and maintaining the instrument. This
section will assist in the using of the on-board manual.
On the left side of the screen is the Navigation pane. It contains

the navigational tabs. Refer to Navigation Pane, page 436, for
On the right side of the screen is the Topic pane. It displays the
selected topic, or the default topic. At the top is the toolbar,
which is located below the screen title bar.
434
S-144DR
System Setup
Access On-Board Manual

There are three ways to access the on-board manual.
System Setup
1.
From the Help menu, click Information and Help. The

on-board manual is displayed.
2.
From the toolbar, click F1 Info button. The on-board

manual is displayed.
3.
From the keyboard, press the F1 key. The on-board

manual is displayed.
S-144DR
435
Navigation Pane
On the left side of the screen is the Navigation pane. It contains
the navigational tabs such as the Contents, Index, Search, and
Favorites tabs. The Navigation pane can also be hidden from
view.
Navigation Pane Tabs

ContentsThe table of contents is an expandable list of
important topics for the on-board manual. By clicking on a
), the
closed book or the plus sign to the left of the book (
closed book will open and show additional books and/or topics
( ). Clicking on an open book or the negative sign to the left
) will close the book and hide the topics
of an open book (
for that book.
IndexBy entering a word, a list of topics related to that
keyword is displayed. To display a topic, highlight the topic and
click Display.
SearchBy entering a word or words, the topics containing that
word or words are displayed. By checking on of the boxes at
the bottom of the search menu, you can search previous
results, match similar words, and search titles only.
FavoritesIf there are topics that are used frequently, it is
suggested to add them to Favorites. With the topic open, click
Add. The topic will then be added to Favorites. To display a
favorite topic, highlight the topic and click Display. To remove
a favorite topic, highlight the topic and click Remove. The topic
will still be available just no longer displayed in the Favorites
list.
Hide/Show
On the toolbar, click Hide or Show to close or display the
Navigation pane.
Note
436
If the on-board manual is closed with the Navigation pane

hidden, it will appear that way when you open the on-board
manual again.
S-144DR
System Setup
Customize the On-Board Manual

The on-board manual will appear with the last size and position
settings you specified when it is opened again. There are a few
ways to easily change the size and position of the on-board
manual and the panes in the viewer.
Resize
To resize the Navigation or Topic pane, point to the divider
between the two panes. When the pointer changes to a doubleheaded arrow, drag the divider right or left.
Proportionately Change Size

To proportionately shrink or enlarge the whole on-board
manual, point to any corner of the on-board manual. When the
pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, drag the corner.
Change Height/Width
To change the height or width of the on-board manual, point to
the top, bottom, left, or right edge of the on-board manual.
When the pointer changes to a double-headed arrow, drag the
edge.
Reposition
To reposition the on-board manual on your screen, click the
title bar and drag the Viewer to a new position.
System Setup
S-144DR
437
Topics
The on-board manual is composed of numerous topics. Each
topic contains information designated to a particular area or
process.
Find a Topic
Click the contents entry or search results entry to display the
corresponding topic. In the Navigation pane, click one of the
following tabs.
Contents
To browse through the table of contents, click the Contents tab.
The table of contents is an expandable list of important topics.
Index
To locate a topic related to a word contained in the on-board
manual, click the Index tab then type the word.
Search
To locate every occurrence of a word or phrase that may be
contained in the on-board manual, click the Search tab then
type the word.
438
S-144DR
System Setup
Find Topics Using Toolbar Buttons

There are navigational buttons that can be located on the
toolbar in the on-board manual. These buttons can be used to
find topics.
HideWhen clicked, the left pane expands or collapses while
topics appear in the right pane.
BackWhen clicked, it displays the last topic viewed.
ForwardWhen clicked, it displays the next topic in a
previously displayed sequence of topics.
HomeWhen clicked, it displays the Home page for the onboard manual.
PrintWhen clicked, it activates printing function.
OptionsWhen clicked, it opens a menu listing options.
LECOWhen clicked, it opens the LECO web page providing the
computer has the Internet connection.
Copy a Topic
Note
System Setup
1.
In the Topic pane, right-click the topic you want to copy

then click Select All.
If you want to copy only part of a topic, select the text you
want to copy, right-click, and then click Copy.
2.
Right-click again then click Copy. This copies the topic to

the Clipboard.
3.
Switch to the document where the information will be

added.
4.
Position your cursor where the information should appear.
5.
From the Edit menu, click Paste.
S-144DR
439
Print a Topic
1.
Find the topic to print.
2.
Current topic
3.
440
A.
Right-click in the topic. A menu is displayed.
B.
Click Print. The Print dialog box is displayed.
C.
Click Print. The topic will be printed.
Topic in table of contents.

A.
Right-click in the topic.
B.
Click Print. The Print Topics dialog box is displayed.
1)
Print The Selected TopicWill print only the

selected topic.
2)
Print The Selected Heading And All

SubheadingsWill print the selected heading and
all topics within that heading.
S-144DR
System Setup
C.
Click OK. The Print dialog box is displayed.
D.
Click OK. The topic will be printed.
Favorite Topics List
System Setup
1.
Find the topic to add to the favorites list.
2.
Click the Favorites tab, and then click Add.
3.
To return to a favorite topic, click the Favorites tab,

select the topic, and then click Display.
4.
To rename a topic, select the topic then type a new name

in the Current Topic box.
5.
To remove a favorite topic, select the topic then click

Remove.
S-144DR
441
Searches
There are many different ways to perform searches within the
on-board manual. This section explains how to utilize the
search capabilities.
Defining Search Terms

The AND, OR, NOT, and NEAR operators enable you to precisely
define your search by creating a relationship between search
terms. The following table shows how each of these operators
can be used. If no operator is specified, AND is used.
Example
Note
442
The query "spacing border printing" is equivalent to

"spacing AND border AND printing."
Search For
Example
Results
Both terms in the same topic
analyze AND blank
Topics containing both the words

"analyze" and "blank."
Either term in a topic
sample OR standard
Topics containing either the word

"sample" or the word "blank" or both.
The first term without the

second term
standard NOT sample
Topics containing the word "standard,"

but not the word "sample."
Both terms in the same

topic, close together
user NEAR password
Topics containing the word "user" within

eight words of the word "password."
The |, &, and ! characters do not work as boolean operators

(only use OR, AND, and NOT).
S-144DR
System Setup
Search for Topics

A basic search consists of the word or phrase you want to find.
You can use wildcard expressions, nested expressions, boolean
operators, similar word matches, a previous results list, or topic
titles to further define your search.
Basic Rules
The basic rules for formulating queries are as follows.
1.
Searches are not case-sensitive.
2.
Any combination of letters (a to z) and numbers (0 to 9)

can be used.
3.
Punctuation marks such as the period, colon, semicolon,

comma, and hyphen are ignored during a search.
4.
Group the elements of the search using double quotes or

parentheses to set apart each element. You cannot search
for quotation marks.
Search for Words or Phrases

You can search for words or phrases using wildcard
expressions. Wildcard expressions allow you to search for one
or more characters using a question mark or asterisk. The table
below describes the results of these different kinds of searches.
Search for
Example
Results
A single word
select
Topics that contain the word "select." (You will also find its
grammatical variations, such as "selector" and "selection.")
A phrase
"new operator"
or
new operator
Topics that contain the literal phrase "new operator" and all its
grammatical variations.
Without the quotation marks, the query is equivalent to specifying
"new AND operator," which will find topics containing both of the
individual words, instead of the phrase.
Wildcard
expressions
ESC*
or
80?86
Topics that contain the terms "ESC," "escape," "escalation," and so

on. The asterisk cannot be the only character in the term.
Topics that contain the terms "80186," "80286," "80386," and so
on. The question mark cannot be the only character in the term.
Note
System Setup
Select the Match Similar Words check box to include minor

grammatical variations in the search phrase.
S-144DR
443
Search for Words in Titles
Note
If you use this option, all topic files will be searched

including those that are not listed in the table of contents.
1.
Click the Search tab.
2.
Type the word or phrase to search for then select the

Search Titles Only check box.
3.
Click List Topics, select the topic you want, then click
Display.
Highlight Words in Topics

When searching for words in topics, each occurrence of the
word or phrase can be highlighted in the topics that are found.
Notes
444
1.
To highlight all instances of a search word or phrase, click

Options on the toolbar then click Search Highlight On.
2.
To turn off this option, click Options on the toolbar then

click Search Highlight Off.
If you are viewing a long topic, only the first 500 instances
of a search word or phrase will be highlighted.
This feature only works with Internet Explorer 4.0 or later.
S-144DR
System Setup
Find Words Similar to Search Term

This feature enables you to include minor grammatical
variations in the search phrase.
Example
System Setup
A search on the word "add" will find "add," "adds," and

"added." This feature only locates variations of the word
with common suffixes. The search on the word "add" will
find "added" but not "additive."
1.
Click the Search tab, type the word or phrase you want to
find, and then select the Match Similar Words check
box.
2.
Click List Topics, select the topic you want, and then click
Display.
S-144DR
445
Full-Text Search
1.
2.
Type the word or phrase to search for.
3.
Display.
Advanced Full-Text Search
Notes
446
1.
2.
Type the word or phrase to search for.
3.
Click
4.
Click List Topics, select the topic you want, and then click
Display.
5.
To sort the topic list, click the Title, Location, or Rank

column heading.
to add Boolean operators to your search.
A search can be precisely defined by using wildcard

expressions, nested expressions, and Boolean operators.
A search can include similar word matches, only the topic

titles, or the results of a previous search.
A search can be set to highlight all instances of search

terms that are found in topic files.
S-144DR
System Setup
Nested Expressions
Nested expressions allow you to create complex searches for
information.
Example
"Control AND ((active OR dde) NEAR screen)" finds topics

containing the word "control" along with the words "active"
and "screen" close together, or containing "control" along
with the words "dde" and "screen" close together.
Basic Rules
The basic rules for searching topics using nested expressions
are as follows.
Example
System Setup
1.
You can use parentheses to nest expressions within a

query. The expressions in parentheses are evaluated
before the rest of the query.
2.
If a query does not contain a nested expression, it is

evaluated from left to right.
"Control NOT active OR dde" finds topics containing the

word "control" without the word "active," or topics
containing the word "dde." On the other hand, "control NOT
(active OR dde)" finds topics containing the word "control"
without either of the words "active" or "dde."
3.
You cannot nest expressions more than five levels deep.
S-144DR
447
Previous Results Search

When a search results in too many topics found, this feature is
used to narrow the search to the results list from a previous
search.
Notes
448
1.
2.
Select the Search Previous Results check box.
3.
Display.
To search through all of the topics in the on-board manual,

this check box must be cleared.
If the on-board manual is closed with the Search tab open

and this check box selected, it will appear that way when
you open the on-board manual again.
S-144DR
System Setup
Shortcuts
There are both shortcut keys and shortcut menu commands
that can be used in the on-board manual. This section gives a
detailed explanation to the different ways and areas in which
these shortcuts are used.
Shortcut Keys
The following keyboard shortcuts can be used for navigation in
the on-board manual. There are different shortcut keys for
different areas: the on-board manual, the Contents tab, the
Search tab, and the Favorites tab.
Notes
There are also shortcut menu commands that can be

accessed through the keyboard.
Shortcut keys also work in secondary and pop-up screens.
Every time you use a shortcut key in the Navigation pane,

you lose focus in the Topic pane. To return to the Topic
pane, press F6.
On-Board Manual
To
Press
Close the on-board manual.
ALT + F4
Switch between the on-board manual and other open screens.
ALT + Tab
Display the Options menu.
ALT + O
Change Microsoft Internet Explorer settings.

The Internet Options dialog box contains accessibility settings.
To change these settings click the General tab then click Accessibility.
ALT + O then press I
Hide or show the Navigation pane.
ALT + O then press T
Print a topic.
ALT + O then press P

or right-click in the topic
Move back to the previous topic.
ALT + Left Arrow,

or ALT + O then press B
Move forward to the next topic

(provided you have viewed it just previously).
ALT + right arrow or

ALT+O then press F
Turn on or off search highlighting.
ALT + O then press O
Refresh the topic that is displayed in the Topic pane.

(This is useful if you have linked to a Web page.)
F5 or
ALT + O then press R
Return to the home page.
ALT + O and then press H
Stop the viewer from opening a page.

(This is also useful if you are linking to the Web
and want to stop a page from downloading)
ALT + O and then press S
Jump to the LECO Web pages.
ALT + O then press 1
Switch between the Navigation pane and the Topic pane.
F6
Scroll through a topic.
Up Arrow and Down Arrow or

Page Up and Page Down
Scroll through all the links in a topic or

through all the options on a Navigation pane tab.
Tab
System Setup
S-144DR
449
Contents Tab
To
Press
Display the Contents tab
ALT + C
Open and close a book or folder
Plus Sign and Minus Sign or Left Arrow and Right Arrow
Select a topic
Down Arrow and Up Arrow
Display the selected topic
Enter
Search Tab
To
Press
Display the Search tab.
ALT + S
Type a keyword to search.
ALT + W then type the word
Start a search.
ALT + L
Select a topic in the results list.
ALT + T then Up Arrow and Down Arrow
Display the selected topic.
ALT + D
Search for a keyword in the results list of a prior search.
ALT + U
Search for words similar to the keyword.

Example: Find words like "running" and "runs"
for the keyword "run."
ALT + M
Only search through topic titles.
ALT + R
Note
If the Match Similar Words check box was used in the last
search, it will still be selected.
Favorites Tab
To
Press
Display the Favorites tab.
ALT + I
Add the currently displayed topic to the Favorites list.
ALT + A
Select a topic in the Favorites list.
ALT + P then Up Arrow and Down Arrow
Display the selected topic.
ALT + D
Remove the selected topic from the list.
ALT + R
450
S-144DR
System Setup
Shortcut Menu Commands

There are several commands on the shortcut menu that can be
used to display and customize information.
Command
Description
Right-click in the table of contents

then click Open All.
Opens all books or folders in the table of contents. This command

only works if the Contents tab is displayed.

then click Close All.
Closes all books or folders. This command only works if the Contents
tab is displayed.
Right-click then click Print.
Prints the topic.

then click Customize
Opens the Customize Information Wizard, which allows you to

customize the documentation. If the help file was built with
information types, you can use this wizard to select a subset of topics
to view.
For example, you could choose to see only overview topics.
Note
System Setup
These commands can be accessed through the keyboard.

Click SHIFT+F10 to display the shortcut menu then click
the appropriate shortcut keys.
S-144DR
451
COMBUSTION
SHELF
765-537
PURGE FLOW
FLOWMETER
778-494
MEASURE FLOW
FLOWMETER
606-327
REAGENT TUBES
(2 REQD)
614-523
CIRCUIT BREAKER
Figure 4-1
Controls and Indicators
452
S-144DR
System Setup
666-121-110
DUAL FURNACE
CONTROLLER
CARD ASSEMBLY
POTENTIOMETER
SET POINT
Figure 4-2
Furnace Temperature Adjustment
System Setup
S-144DR
453
R2
R3
R1
10
U12
C39 TP6
R10
R11
R12
C23
C19
C16
1
2
C59
C29
C22
C28
R38
19
20
C36
C15
C14
U9
C35
R37
C18
C17
U8
TP4
R48
U13
C41
C42
R43
1
TB2
TP5
R47
C38
10
R33
C37 R34
U11
U7
CR4 C34
C31 LED2
TP2
TP3 C32
C30
C33
U10
C26
R32 R24
C27 R25
U6
R31 R23
C25
TP1
C43
R19
C21
LED1
R22
U5
R41
R42
U4
C20
R20
R21
CR3
R26
R28 R27
R29 C24
Q1
C12
R16
R18
666-121-110
DUAL FURNACE
CONTROLLER II
CARD
J121A
R46
C11
C7
R8
C8
R9
R30
CR2
R17
C6
C10
R15
CR1
R14
C9
R13
R7
U3
R44
R45
C4
TB1
U2
C40 R35
R40 R39 CR5
J121
C1
U1
C13
C2
C3
R4
R5
R6
C5
R3
R2
Figure 4-3
Dual Furnace Controller Card
454
S-144DR
System Setup
5 Operation
Operation
The Operation chapter explains how to prepare the sample for an

analysis once the S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer has been
set up. First Time Analysis contains step-by-step procedures that
start with instrument warm-up and continue through the final step.
Additional operating information can be found under the specific
topics.
First Time Analysis..............................................................53
Methods .......................................................................... 510
Create a Method.......................................................... 510
Edit a Method ............................................................. 513
Print a Method ............................................................ 514
Delete a Method .......................................................... 515
Blanks ............................................................................ 516
Add a Blank ................................................................ 516
Analyze a Blank........................................................... 516
Set Blank ................................................................... 517
Standards ....................................................................... 518
Add Standard.............................................................. 518
Print Standard............................................................. 520
Delete Standard .......................................................... 521
Calibration....................................................................... 522
Calibration Analysis ..................................................... 522
Calibration Curve......................................................... 525
Perform Analysis .............................................................. 528
Recalculate Results ........................................................... 530
User-Defined Field ............................................................ 531
Add a User-Defined Field .............................................. 531
Delete a User-Defined Field........................................... 534
Available Functions ...................................................... 534
View Sample Data ............................................................ 535
Operation
S-144DR
51
View IR Cell Data ............................................................. 537

General Tab................................................................ 539
Low Sulfur and High Sulfur Tabs .................................... 540
Print Result Data .............................................................. 541
Print Preview .............................................................. 541
Print Setup ................................................................. 541
Print Data................................................................... 542
Print Display Options......................................................... 544
Transmit Data.................................................................. 548
Export Results ................................................................. 549
Validate Database ............................................................ 552
52
S-144DR
Operation
First Time Analysis

The first time the unit is operated, and any time the software is
updated, these steps must be performed in the order in which
they are presented.
1.
Note
Operation
Check diagnostics, page 83.

A.
From the Tools menu, click Diagnostics or click the

F9 Diagnostic button on the toolbar. The
Diagnostics dialog box is displayed.
B.
Click the Alarm Relay check box to turn on and off

the alarm relay. A checkmark indicates that the
option is activated.
C.
Click the Pump/Oxygen Inlet check box to turn on

and off the oxygen inlet pump. A checkmark indicates
that the option is activated.
Verify that the furnace temperature is 1400oC (50oC) and

the incoming pressure is on.
S-144DR
53
2.
Note
Create a method, page 510.

A.
From the Tools menu, click Methods or click the F5

Methods button on the toolbar. The Methods dialog
box is displayed.
B.
Click the New button to add a method to the list of

available methods for use during analysis.
C.
Double-click on the method name or click on the

method and click the Properties button to display
the Method Setup dialog box.
The method name can also be changed by clicking on the

method from the list in the Methods dialog box and typing a
new name.
D.
54
Enter the new name of the method. The text

automatically replaces the highlighted text in the
Name text box.
S-144DR
Operation
Note
Operation
E.
Click in the Description text box and enter any

information to describe the method.
F.
Select each of the tabs to access the parameter

values for the sulfur results to be obtained. Sulfur
traces are detected when a sample is analyzed. The
entry of a low and high sulfur detection range
provides a wider overall detection range on the high
cell and more precision when using the low sulfur cell.
Both the low and high detection parameter values
need to be set.
The length of the analysis needs to be determined because

samples combust at different rates.
G.
Enter the minimum time, in seconds, allotted for

integration. The text automatically replaces the
highlighted text in the Min Integration Time text
box. The analysis runs at least the minimum time
limit before the comparator level is checked.
H.
Click in the Max. Integration Time text box and

enter the maximum time, in seconds, allotted for
integration. If the comparator level has not been
reached, the analysis stops at the maximum
integration time.
I.
Click in the Comparator Level text box and enter

the comparator level. The comparator level is the
minimum concentration level relative to peak height
needed to stop the analysis. The level is a percentage
of the peak or the maximum offset that occurs during
analysis. The comparator level is only checked after
the minimum analysis time is met. Refer to
Comparator Level for additional information.
S-144DR
55
J.
Example
Notes
A small percentage of the sulfur recorded during an analysis

may come from a source other than the sample. The blank
at 1 gram value corrects for this difference.
The Calibration box displays the current calibration. Refer to

Calibration, page 522, for additional information.
The calibration procedure should be performed for each

method.
3.
Notes
Login a conditioner.
A conditioner can be a sample in the lab or any certified

reference material. The values are not important for the
conditioner.
Results are more consistent if the sample is spread evenly

in the sample boat when weighing and before analyzing.
4.
56
The Blank at 1 gram value is the percentage of

sulfur for which a blank analysis will correct. Refer to
Blank, page 516, for information on setting the
Blank at 1 gram.
A.
From the Samples menu, click Add Sample or click

the F3 Add Sample button on the toolbar.
B.
Enter Conditioner for the sample name and 250 mg

for the sample weight.
C.
Weigh the sample and then enter the weight either by

typing it in the Weight column or pressing the Print
button on the balance after the weight has been
measured. If the weight is sent directly from the
balance, it is entered in the Weight column of the first
sample listed without a weight value.
D.
Click OK to login the conditioner.
Analyze a conditioner.
A.
From the Samples menu, click Analyze or click the

F4 Analyze button on the toolbar.
B.
Click OK to start the analysis. Follow the window

prompts as they appear until analysis is complete.
S-144DR
Operation
Note
5.
Note
Operation
The conditioner results will probably start higher and drop

slowly. Highlight all conditioner samples to view statistics.
Statistics should appear in the lower right corner of the
screen. RSD of selected blanks should be <0.5%. If the RSD
precision is good, proceed to the next step.
Login a standard, page 518.
A.
From the Tools menu, click Standards or click the

F6 Standards button on the toolbar. The Standards
B.
Click New to add a new standard to the list.
C.
Enter the name of the standard.
D.
Enter the known sulfur percentages for the sample

type. The entries in the Standards dialog box match
the known sample names and concentrations. If a
standard value is not known for the element, leave
the field blank.
A blank Sulfur % field means that no standard value is

available to be considered during any calculations, while an
entry of 0.0 means that 0 should be used when any
calculations are performed.
S-144DR
57
E.
6.
Notes
Analyze a standard.
A.

B.
Click OK to start the standard analysis. Follow the

window prompts as they appear until analysis is
complete.
Analyze several standards at a nominal weight of 250 mg.
Results will plateau but will not be accurate.
7.
Calibrate, page 522.

A.
58
Click Close to login the standard.
In the spreadsheet, select the analyzed standard

samples for calibration.
S-144DR
Operation
8.
Operation
B.
From the Configuration menu, click Calibrations.

The Calibrations dialog box will appear.
C.
View the calibration curve. Make sure the calibration

curve goes through, or comes close to every
calibration point. If not, click the Curve drop down
box and select another curve type.
Perform an analysis.
A.

B.
Click OK to start the analysis. Follow the window

prompts as they appear until analysis is complete.
S-144DR
59
Methods
A method is a set of analytical parameters used to control the
instrument during analysis and calculation of the final result.
Before analysis, a method must be created or the default
method used.
Create a Method
The S-144DR software offers the feature of creating methods to
be used for carbon analysis. The maximum and minimum
integration times, the comparator levels, and the blank analysis
value are stored in each method.
510
1.
From the Tools menu, click Methods. The Methods dialog

box is displayed.
2.
Click the New button to add a method to the list of

available methods for use during analysis.
3.
Select the method and click the Properties button to

display the Method Setup dialog box.
S-144DR
Operation
Note
Note
Operation
The method name can also be changed by clicking on the

method from the list in the Methods dialog box and typing a
new name.
4.
Enter the new name of the method. The text automatically

replaces the highlighted text in the Name text box.
5.
Click in the Description text box and enter any information

to describe the method.
6.
Select each of the tabs to access the parameter values

for the sulfur results to be obtained. Sulfur traces are
detected when a sample is analyzed. The entry of a low
and high sulfur detection range provides a wider overall
detection range on the high cell and more precision when
using the low sulfur cell. Both the low and high detection
parameter values need to be set.
The length of the analysis needs to be determined because

samples combust at different rates.
7.
Enter the minimum time, in seconds, allotted for

integration. The text automatically replaces the highlighted
text in the Min Integration Time text box. The analysis
runs at least the minimum time limit before the
comparator level is checked.
8.
Click in the Max. Integration Time text box and enter

the maximum time, in seconds, allotted for integration. If
the comparator level has not been reached, the analysis
stops at the maximum integration time.
9.
Click in the Comparator Level text box and enter the

comparator level. The comparator level is the minimum
concentration level relative to peak height needed to stop
the analysis. The level is a percentage of the peak or the
maximum offset that occurs during analysis. The
comparator level is only checked after the minimum
analysis time is met. Refer to Comparator Level, page 75,
for additional information.
S-144DR
511
10. The Blank at 1 gram value is the percentage of sulfur for

which a blank analysis will correct. Refer to Blank, page
516, for information on setting the Blank at 1 gram.
Example
Notes
512
A small percentage of the sulfur recorded during an analysis

may come from a source other than the sample. The blank
at 1 gram value corrects for this difference.
The Calibration box displays the current calibration. Refer to

Calibration, page 522, for additional information.
The calibration procedure must be performed for each

method.
S-144DR
Operation
Edit a Method
The S-144DR allows existing methods to be edited before
beginning an analysis.
Operation
1.

box is displayed.
2.
Click the Properties button. The Method Setup dialog box

is displayed.
3.
Edit the method parameter values that need changed. For

specific information about each parameter, refer to Create
a Method, page 510.
S-144DR
513
Print a Method
The S-144DR allows existing methods to be printed before
514
1.

box is displayed.
2.
Select (highlight) the method to be printed.
3.
Click the Print button. The Print dialog box is displayed.
4.
Click OK.
S-144DR
Operation
Delete a Method
The S-144DR allows existing methods to be deleted before
Operation
1.

box is displayed.
2.
Select (highlight) the method to be deleted.
3.
Click the Delete button.
4.
Click OK.
S-144DR
515
Blanks
A blank is an analysis, which is used to establish the level of
background signal observed when no sample is present in the
combustion boat.
Add a Blank
1.
From the Samples table, click the Name drop-down

menu and select Blank.
2.
From the Method drop-down menu, select the method.
3.
The Weight will automatically be entered as 1 gram.
4.
From the Samples menu, click Add Samples or click the

F3 Login button on the toolbar to add at least three blank
samples to analyze.
Analyze a Blank
516
1.
From the Samples menu, click Analyze or click the F4

Analyze button on the toolbar. A dialog box is displayed
prompting you to push the boat into the furnace.
2.
Place a clean, empty boat into the furnace. The analysis

will begin.
S-144DR
Operation
Set Blank
Operation
1.
Select the analyzed blanks in the Sample table. All

selected samples must be blanks, use the same method,
have a weight of 1 gram, no moisture, and have been
analyzed as shown in the example below.
2.
From the Tools menu, click Set Blank.
3.
The software automatically sets the Blank at 1 gram

value for each cell in the chosen method with the
corresponding average sulfur values from the highlighted
samples. The Method Setup dialog box displays the Blank
at 1 gram values. Refer to Create a Method, page 5-9 to
view this dialog box.
S-144DR
517
Standards
Standards are certified reference materials with known
concentrations and uncertainty levels.
Add Standard
Any samples that are to be used for calibration must have a
defined standard for that sample type.
Note
518
All examples in this procedure are based on the 501-020

known sulfur sample with its known concentration of
3.15%.
1.

Standards button on the toolbar. The Standards dialog box
is displayed.
2.
Click New to add a new standard to the list.
S-144DR
Operation
Note
Operation
3.
Enter the name of the standard.
4.
Enter the known sulfur percentages for the sample type.

The entries in the Standards dialog box match the known
sample names and concentrations. If a standard value is
not known for the element, leave the field blank.
A blank Sulfur % field means that no standard value is

available to be considered during any calculations, while an
entry of 0.0 means that 0 should be used when any
calculations are performed.
S-144DR
519
Print Standard
Standards can be printed from the system printer.
520
1.

is displayed.
2.
Select (highlight) the standard to be printed.
3.
Click Print button. The Print dialog box is displayed.
4.
Click OK.
S-144DR
Operation
Delete Standard
Standards that are no longer applicable can be deleted.
1.

is displayed.
2.
Select (highlight) the standard to be deleted.
3.
Click Delete button to remove the standard from the list.

A confirmation pop-up window is displayed.
4.
Operation
S-144DR
521
Calibration
A valid calibration of the system should be performed before
running any unknown samples. Instrument drift is possible and
a current calibration is necessary to calculate accurate results.
The calibration results are used to compensate for differences
between the total sulfur area measured and the actual sulfur
area.
In order for a calibration procedure to be complete, standards
for each calibration sample must be set up, a calibration
analysis must be run, and a calibration curve must be created.
Calibration Analysis
Notes
Be sure that the analyzer hardware and software has been

setup and that the analyzer has reached the set
temperature before beginning an analysis.
Standards must be set up for all sample types used for

calibrating the system.
!
CAUTION
OPERATOR INJURY HAZARD

Infrared light can be damaging to the eyes.
Do not look into the combustion chamber when
the door is open. Keep the analyzer door shut
until instructed to open it.
1.
Note
522
After the standards have been entered, the calibration

sample names and weights need to be added. Be sure that
the sample name has the same name as the standard. The
S-144DR lines the standards and the sample types only by
their names. A drop-down list containing the standards
names is available by clicking on the Sample column.
There are two ways to add samples and their weights.

S-144DR
Operation
A.
B.
Note
2.
Note
Note
Operation
Add the sample first.

1)
From the Samples menu, click Add Sample or

click the Add Sample button on the toolbar. The
new sample is automatically given the same
name as the previous sample.
2)
Weight the sample and then enter the weight

either by typing it in the Weight column or
pressing the Print button on the balance after the
weight has been measured. If the weight is sent
directly from the balance, it is entered in the
Weight column of the first sample listed without a
weight value.
Weigh the sample first then press the Print key on the
balance to add the new sample. If all the samples
listed have a weight entry, pressing the print key on
the balance automatically adds a new sample and
enters the measured weight.
Several samples of each standard at different weights

should be added when calibrating.
Select the method to be used for the analysis. The method
can be selected from the drop-down list.
Each method is calibrated separately.
3.
Enter the moisture value (percentage of water by weight)

if necessary.
4.
Begin the analysis. From the Samples menu, click

Analyze or click the Analyze button on the toolbar.
System prompts are displayed on the screen as a guide to
running the analysis.
Be sure the analyzer door is shut. A system prompt is

displayed when the sample boat should be entered. The
door should still be closed prior to this prompt so a reliable
base line can be established by minimizing the amount of
carbon dioxide entering the analyzer from the atmosphere.
S-144DR
523
5.
WARNING
Notes
524
When the prompt appears to insert the sample boat, insert

the sample boat, rounded end first, until it rests against
the boat stop. The system automatically detects that the
sample boat is loaded. The prompt window disappears and
the analysis begins.

The S-144DR operates at very high temperatures.
Use tongs to insert and remove sample boats.
Sample boats can be scraped clean and used up to four

times. However, if samples are analyzed using vanadium,
the sample boats can be used only once.
The next sample to be analyzed is displayed in blue.
The analysis can be stopped at any time by clicking the Stop

button on the toolbar.
S-144DR
Operation
Calibration Curve
When the system is finished analyzing the known samples, a
calibration curve comparing the measured raw sulfur areas and
the corrected sulfur areas (calculated by multiplying the weight
of the sample by the standard percentage of sulfur) can be
created. The calibration curve is then used to calculate the
corrected sulfur area of the unknown samples.
Notes
Operation
1.
Select (highlight) the samples that are to be used to

create the calibration curve. Be sure all of the selected
samples were analyzed using the same method.
2.
From the Tools menu, click Calibrate or click the

calibrate button on the toolbar. The Calibration dialog box
is displayed.
The selected samples along with the sample weights,

certified concentrations, calculated concentrations, relative
error percentages, weighting values, and dates analyzed are
listed below the calibration graph.
The Certified Concentration is the concentration of sulfur in

the standard.
The Calculated Concentration is the concentration of sulfur

as calculated by the S-144DR system using the measured
areas and the calibration curve.
S-144DR
525
3.
Note
Notes
526
From the Cell drop-down list, select the cell to be

calibrated. Choices are high sulfur and low sulfur.
Only the points that saturated the low sulfur cell are used
when calibrating the high sulfur cell.
4.
Select the type curve to be used to fit the points plotted

on the graph. For additional information, refer to
Calibration Curves, page 78.
5.
Select the Weighting to be used for the points. The

weighting controls the importance of the points plotted on
the graph. If one point has a larger weighting value, the
curve connecting the plotted points will be pulled in the
direction of that point. Three types of weighting can be
chosen from the drop-down list.
A.
NormalSets all the plotted points to a weighting

value of one and fits the curve to the points as they
are plotted on the graph.
B.
ManualAllows a weighting value to be entered for

each point. After manual is selected, the weighting
values can be entered in the Weighting column
displayed in the calibration sample data listed at the
bottom of the Calibration dialog box.
C.
1/CertifiedAssigns the points with higher certified

concentrations a lower weighting value.
Double-clicking on a point of the calibration curve disables

the point and tells the system that the point should not be
included when creating the calibration curve.
Zooming in on portions of the calibration curve is done by

clicking and holding the mouse button while drawing a box
around the area of interest.
Zooming out is done by clicking the right mouse button and

selecting Zoom Out from the menu.
6.
Indicate if the previous calibration should be displayed by

clicking the Show check box next to the Previous
polynomial equation. The previous calibration is displayed
on the graph in blue.
S-144DR
Operation
Operation
7.
Make any necessary edits to the New Calibration equation.

The S-144DR allows a calibration equation to be manually
entered by checking the Manual check box and typing a
new equation.
8.
Click the OK button to save the newly created calibration

curve. The new calibration curve is displayed in red on the
graph and is used when performing the analysis.
S-144DR
527
Perform Analysis
Be sure that the analyzer hardware and software has been
setup and that the analyzer has reached the set temperature
before beginning an analysis. Standards must be set up for all
sample types used for calibrating the system.
!
CAUTION
Note
OPERATOR INJURY HAZARD

Infrared light can be damaging to the eyes. Do
not look into the combustion chamber when the
door is open. Keep the analyzer door shut until
instructed to open it.
1.
Add the sample and the sample weight. There are two
ways to add samples and their weights.

A.
B.
Note
528
Add the sample first.

1)
From the Samples menu, click Add Sample or

click the Add Sample button on the toolbar. The
new sample is automatically given the same
name as the previous sample.
2)
Weight the sample and then enter the weight

either by typing it in the Weight column or
pressing the Print button on the balance after the
weight has been measured. If the weight is sent
directly from the balance, it is entered in the
Weight column of the first sample listed without a
weight value.
Weigh the sample first then press the Print key on

the balance to add the new sample. If all the samples
listed have a weight entry, pressing the print key on
the balance automatically adds a new sample and
enters the measured weight.
Several samples of each standard at different weights

should be added when calibrating.
S-144DR
Operation
Note
2.
Select the method to be used for the analysis. The method

can be selected from the drop-down list.
3.
Enter the moisture value (percentage of water by weight)

if necessary.
4.
Begin the analysis. From the Samples menu, click

Analyze or click the Analyze button on the toolbar.
System prompts are displayed on the screen as a guide to
running the analysis.
5.
WARNING
Note
Operation
When the prompt appears to insert the sample boat, insert

the sample boat, rounded end first, until it rests against
the boat stop. The system automatically detects that the
sample boat is loaded. The prompt window disappears and
the analysis begins.

The S-144DR operates at very high temperatures.
Use tongs to insert and remove sample boats.
6.
Notes
Be sure the analyzer door is shut. A system prompt is

displayed when the sample boat should be entered. The
door should still be closed prior to this prompt so a reliable
base line can be established by minimizing the amount of
carbon dioxide entering the analyzer from the atmosphere.
The analysis can be stopped at any time by clicking the

Stop button on the toolbar.
The current cell status and analysis time can be seen in
the status bar. The analysis time, peak reading, and
concentration percentage can all be monitored.
The current sample to be analyzed is displayed in blue.
Sample boats can be scraped clean and used several times.

However, if samples are analyzed using vanadium, the
sample boats can be used only once.
S-144DR
529
Recalculate Results
If the calibration or moisture values have changed for a
sample, the analysis results can be recalculated using the new
values.
530
1.
Select the samples to be recalculated.
2.
From the Samples menu, select Recalculate to begin the

recalculation process.
S-144DR
Operation
User-Defined Field
User-Defined Fields allows the operator to enter a formula in
order to perform custom calculations using pre-determined
functions or to define a column for text only. After a UserDefined Field has been added, it is displayed in the spreadsheet
and sample login screen.
Add a User-Defined Field
Operation
1.
From the View menu, click User-Defined Fields. The

User-Defined dialog box is displayed.
2.
Enter the name of the user-defined field by double-clicking

in the field.
3.
Enter all other applicable fields.

A.
Read OnlyWhen a formula is entered, the value will

be calculated by the software. When the
concentration is calculated it cannot be changed by
the user. To activate, click in the check box. An X is
displayed when activated.
B.
Numeric This must be checked when entering a

numeric value formula. By activating this field but
leaving the Formula field blank and not activating the
Read Only field, the numeric field can be used to add
an editable number that be can be used in statistics,
etc. To activate, click in the check box in the Numeric
column. An X is displayed when activated.
C.
Formula The formula can either be text or numeric

depending upon the function chosen. Enter the
formula used for calculation by using the available
functions, page 534.
S-144DR
531
Examples
(2.786+(8.8831*@sulfur())-(2.143-@moisture())
(8.8831*@sulfur())/@moisture()
@sulfur*0.25
4.
5.
Note
532
Additional user-defined fields may be added.

A.
Click the Add button. A new line is added at the top

as row one.
B.
Enter the name of the user-defined field.
C.
Enter all other applicable fields.
If a user-defined field is no longer needed, it can be

deleted, page 534.
Once the user-defined field is deleted, it is no longer

displayed in the spreadsheet. To remove the user-defined
field from the spreadsheet only, refer to step 6.
A.
Select the user-defined field to be deleted.
B.
Click the Delete button. The Delete User-Defined

Field confirmation box is displayed.
C.
S-144DR
Operation
Operation
6.
If a user-defined field no longer needs to be displayed, but

not deleted, it can be removed from the spreadsheet.
Refer to Columns, page 422, for additional information.
7.
When finished, click OK. The user-defined field is now

displayed on the spreadsheet. Refer to Columns, page
422, for additional spreadsheet column information.
S-144DR
533
Delete a User-Defined Field

1.
From the View menu, click User-Defined Fields. The

User-Defined dialog box is displayed.
2.
Select the user-defined field to be deleted.
3.
Click the Delete button. The Delete User-Defined Field

confirmation box is displayed.
4.
5.
Click OK when finished.
Available Functions
@Name ()
Text Only
@Description()
Text Only
@Method()
Text Only
@Weight()
Numeric Only
@Sulfur()
Numeric Only
@Moisture()
Numeric Only
When the function is a numeric field only, it will contain

numbers that can be plugged into the formulas. When using
any of these numeric functions, the Numeric field must be
activated. To activate, click in the check box in the Numeric
column. An X is displayed when activated.
534
S-144DR
Operation
View Sample Data

The S-144DR allows the analysis time and concentrations and
sulfur detected by the system to be displayed for a single
sample or multiple samples. The analysis results are listed in
the sample pane and are displayed in the Analysis Pane.
When a single sample is selected for viewing, the total
concentration as calculated using the calibration curve is
displayed on the main window along with a graph of the peaks
generated during the analysis.
Operation
S-144DR
535
When multiple samples are selected for viewing, an average

concentration along with an average standard deviation and
average relative standard deviation are calculated and plotted
on a graph at the bottom on the main window.
536
S-144DR
Operation
View IR Cell Data

Along with the concentrations, the C-144 retains the data
calculated by the IR cell. The cell reading does not include any
calculations done using the calibration curve.
Operation
1.
From the Sample menu, click Properties. The Sample

2.
To view the low sulfur area, peak, concentration, and

analysis time, click on the Low Sulfur tab.
S-144DR
537
3.
Note
To view the low sulfur area, peak, concentration, and

analysis time, click on the Low Sulfur tab.
The low and high sulfur areas, peaks, concentrations, and

analysis times can also be accessed by clicking on the
graphs at the bottom of the main window.
The Properties dialog box can also be accessed by clicking

the right mouse button while the mouse cursor is over the
selected samples. Clicking on the Sulfur tab in the dialog
box accesses the data for Sulfur cell.
Like the analysis data, the IR cell data can be viewed for a
single sample or for multiple samples.
538
S-144DR
Operation
General Tab
The general tab displays the sample information listed in the
sample pane. If multiple samples are selected, fields containing
varying information are left blank.
Example
Operation
If two samples with different sample names are selected,

the Name field is left blank.
S-144DR
539
Low Sulfur and High Sulfur Tabs

The low sulfur and high sulfur tabs contain area, peak,
concentration, and analysis time as recorded by the cell only.
The View Data option is available when viewing cell data for a
single sample. Clicking the View Data button displays a list of
voltages recorded by that cell and the intervals at which they
were recorded.
The Saturated box indicates if the cell was or was not saturated
during analysis. A check mark indicates that the cell was
saturated.
540
S-144DR
Operation
Print Result Data

The S-144DR allows the result data to be specified before it is
sent to the printer.
Print Preview
To view the printout before sending it to the printer, select
Print Preview from the Samples menu.
Print Setup
To select the printer, paper size, paper size, paper source, and
page orientation for a printout, select Print Setup from the
Samples menu.
Operation
S-144DR
541
Print Data
542
1.
Select the samples to be printed.
2.
From the Samples menu, click Print or click the Print

button on the toolbar. The Print Samples dialog box is
displayed.
3.
Specify the result data, result units, and statistics to be

printed by using the to move through the printing display
options. Refer to Print Display Options, page 544 for
4.
When all of the printing display options have been

specified, click the OK button to access the Print
dialog box.
5.
Specify the printer to which the results should be sent.
S-144DR
Operation
Operation
6.
Select a print range.
7.
Enter the number of copies to be printed.
8.
To select the paper, graphics, device, postscript, and

watermarks options, click the Properties button. The
Properties dialog box is displayed.
9.
Click OK to print.
S-144DR
543
Print Display Options

The S-144DR allows the fields, unit formats, and statistics to be
specified for a printout. Information other than what is listed in
the sample pane can be printed out.
544
1.
Select the samples to be printed.
2.
From the Samples menu, click Print or click the Print

button on the toolbar. The Print Samples dialog box is
displayed.
3.
Click the Include Tab
A.
Select the result data to be printed by using the Add

and Remove buttons to create a list of desired result
data in the Displayed Columns field. The S-144DR
stores the data for all of the fields listed in both the
Available Columns and the Displayed Columns fields,
but only prints the data for the columns listed in the
Displayed Columns field.
B.
Use the Move Up and Move Down buttons to move

the column titles within the list of displayed columns.
C.
Use the Reset button to return the list of displayed

columns to a default organization.
D.
Enter the number of columns that should be locked in

position when printing. Locked columns print on
every page.
S-144DR
Operation
Example
4.
Operation
If the Name column is displayed first in the sample pane

and the number 1 is entered in the Locked Columns field,
the Name column prints on every page. If the number 5 is
entered in the Locked Columns field, the first five columns
displayed in the sample pane are printed on every page.
Click the Format Tab
A.
Select the column to be formatted from the Displayed

Columns list. The format parameters that need to be
filled in with that selected column are activated when
the column is selected. All of the fields available in
this dialog box do not apply to every column.
B.
If Unit field is activated, select the preferred type of

unit from the drop-down list.
C.
If the Unit Display Options are activated, select an

option to indicate where the unit should be displayed
when the results are printed. The unit can be printed
in the header (column title), with the value or in a
separate column.
D.
If the Numeric field is activated, enter the numeric

format of the result data by typing in a formatting
code. Refer to Format Codes, page 428, for
E.
If the Include in Statistics is activated, click in the

check box to include in statistics.
S-144DR
545
F.
5.
Click the Statistics Tab
A.
546
Use the Font button to open the Font dialog box so

the font can be changed.
Check the statistics that should be calculated and

printed.
1)
The count (total number of samples).
2)
Average concentration of sulfur.
3)
The sample with the minimum concentration of

sulfur.
4)
The sample with the maximum concentration of

sulfur.
S-144DR
Operation
B.
Example
5)
The sum of the concentrations of all the samples

selected for printing.
6)
The standard deviation of the concentrations.
7)
The relative standard deviation of the

concentrations.
Specify the way the statistics should be grouped and

printed out by marking the Statistics Only box or by
selecting categories from the Sort Item By and Group
Statistics By drop-down lists.
1)
The Statistics Only option prints only the

statistics for all of the sample types that have
been selected for printing.
2)
The Sort Items By option arranges the samples

according to the category that has been selected
from the drop-down list and then prints the
statistics for all of those samples.
If Name is selected from the drop-down list, the system

sorts all of the samples and groups them by name. The
system then prints the statistics for all of the samples with
the same name.
3)
Example
The Group Statistics By option calculates the

statistics for all samples having the same criteria
selected from the drop-down list without sorting
them first.
The samples are listed as they appear below. The system

prints the statistics for the first three samples names A,
then the two samples named B, and finally the two
remaining samples named A. The system groups the
samples together but does not sort them.
Sample Name
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
6.
Notes
Operation
Click the OK button to save the changes and exit.

button access the Help system.
S-144DR
547
Transmit Data
Result data can be transmitted to a receiving application or to a
file to be used with other applications.
Make sure the transmission parameters have been entered so
the data can be sent in a format that the receiving application
understands. Refer to Data Transmission Parameters, page
48, for additional information.
548
1.
Select (highlight) the samples to be transmitted.
2.
From the Samples menu, click Transmit. The Transmit

Samples dialog box is displayed.
3.
Select the transmission options types. The system can

calculate the average, RSD percentage, and standard
deviation for the weights, sulfur percentage, and moisture
values for selected sample types. More than one option
can be selected for transmission.
4.
Click the OK button to transmit the data and exit or

click Cancel to exit the dialog box without transmitting the
data.
S-144DR
Operation
Export Results
The S-144DR allows result data to be selected for export to
another file or applications. It also allows the fields, unit
formats, and statistics to be specified when exporting the data.
Information other than what is listed in the sample pane can be
exported.
Operation
1.
Select (highlight) samples to be exported.
2.
From the Samples menu, click Export. The Export

Samples dialog box is displayed.
3.
Click the Export Tab
A.
Enter the name of the file to which the data should be

exported.
B.
The Browse button opens the Open dialog box that

can be used to locate the destination file name for the
export data.
S-144DR
549
4.
5.
550
Click the Include Tab
A.
Select the result data to be printed by using the Add

and Remove keys to create a list of desired displayed
Columns. The S-144DR stores the data for all of the
fields listed in both the Available Columns and the
Displayed Columns fields, but only exports the data
for the columns listed in the Displayed Columns field.
B.
The Move Up and Move Down buttons move the

column titles within the list of displayed columns.
C.
The Reset button returns the list of displayed columns

to a default organization.
Click the Format Tab
S-144DR
Operation
6.
Note
Operation
A.
Select the column to be formatted from the Displayed

Columns list. The format parameters that need to be
entered are activated when the column is selected. All
of the fields available in this dialog box do not apply
to every column.
B.
If Unit field is activated, select the preferred type of

unit from the drop-down list.
C.
If the Unit Display Options are activated, select an

option to indicate where the unit should be displayed
when the results are printed. The unit can be printed
in the header (column title), with the value or in a
separate column.
D.
If the Numeric field is activated, enter the numeric

format of the result data by typing in a formatting
code. Refer to Format Codes, page 428, for
Click the OK button to export the data and exit.

button access the Help system.
S-144DR
551
Validate Database
The validate database feature recovers missing database
information. Validating the database ensures that any item
referenced by another item is included in the database.
Note
552
1.
From the Tools menu, click Validate Database. The

Database Validation dialog box is displayed to indicate the
progress of the validation.
2.
When validation is complete, Done is displayed in the

status box.
3.
Click the Close button to close to the dialog box.
If information is missing from the database, exit and restart

the software program.
S-144DR
Operation
Operation
S-144DR
553
Maintenance
M
in
a
te
c
The Maintenance chapter includes procedures that should be
performed on a regular basis to keep your S-144DR Dual Range
Sulfur Analyzer operating up to specifications. Periodic
maintenance is an important part of extending the life of your
instrument and minimizing downtime.
Illustrations .......................................................................62
Periodic Maintenance Schedule .............................................63
Adapter.............................................................................64
Disposable Particle Filters ....................................................65
Front Disposable Particle Filter......................................... 65
Internal Disposable Particle Filter ..................................... 66
Fan Filter ..........................................................................67
O-ring...............................................................................68
Reagent Tubes ...................................................................69
Computer System............................................................. 610
Printer ............................................................................ 611
Maintenance
S-144DR
61
Illustrations
Figure 6-2 ......... Reagent Tube Removal ............................... 613
Figure 6-3 ......... Reagent Tubes .......................................... 613
62
S-144DR
Maintenance
Periodic Maintenance Schedule

The following schedule is a list of maintenance procedures that
should be performed on a regular basis. By periodically
maintaining the instrument, consistent results will be obtained
and the life of the instrument and its assemblies extended. For
more information concerning periodic maintenance and periodic
maintenance procedures, refer to the individual topic.
Maintenance Item
Replacement
and Maintenance
Inspection and
Cleaning Schedule
Adapter
Clean daily to remove dirt

particles.
Daily
Refer to page 64.
Disposable Particle Filters
Replace when flow is restricted

or if visibly discolored (gray).
Weekly
Refer to page 65.
Fan Filter
Clean when visibly dirty.
Daily
Refer to page 67.
O-ring
Clean and grease when

replacing reagent materials.
Weekly
Refer to page 68.
Reagent Tubes
Replace anhydrone when

reagent becomes caked or
moist.
Weekly
Refer to page 69.
Computer System
Clean as needed to maintain

usability of the system.
Weekly
Refer to page 610.
Printer
Clean as needed to maintain

usability of the system.
Weekly
Refer to page 611.
Maintenance
S-144DR
63
Adapter
1.
64
Remove the left reagent tube (figure 6-1, page 612).

A.

swing free.
B.
C.
2.
Unscrew adapter.
3.
Ream out the adapter using the adapter brush.
4.
Screws adapter back in place.
5.
Reinstall the left reagent tube.
S-144DR
Maintenance
Disposable Particle Filters

The disposable particle filters removes any particles from the
flow stream. It should be checked each day before analysis as
dirt particles can cause erroneous results. Replace the
disposable particle filter when flow is restricted or if visibly
discolored (gray).
One disposable particle filter is located behind the secondary
reagent tube and a second disposable particle filter is located
behind the right side panel above the transformer.
Front Disposable Particle Filter
Note
1.
Note
Remove the right reagent tube.

A.

swing free.
B.
C.
2.
Remove the nuts holding the disposable particle filter in

place.
3.
Remove the disposable particle filter and install a new

disposable particle filter.
4.
Maintenance
Refer to figure 11-2, page 11-4, for location information.
Make sure the flow arrow on the disposable particle filter is

in the same position.
Replace the nuts and reinstall the right reagent tube.
S-144DR
65
Internal Disposable Particle Filter
Note
Note
66
Refer to figure 11-2, page 11-4, for location information.
1.
Remove the right side panel.
2.
Loosen the nut holding the disposable particle filter onto

the solenoid.
3.
Slide the disposable particle filter out of the nut and pull it
out a few inches from the instrument.
4.
Disconnect the flexible tubing from the disposable particle

filter and install a new disposable particle filter.
Make sure the flow arrow on the disposable particle filter is

in the same position.
5.
Reconnect flexible tubing.
6.
Slide the new disposable particle filter into the solenoid

nut and tighten.
7.
Reinstall right side panel.
S-144DR
Maintenance
Fan Filter
The fan filter, located on the back of the furnace, needs to be
inspected daily and cleaned when dirt is visible.
Note
Maintenance
1.
Remove the blank plastic box containing the fan filter from
the back of the instrument.
2.
Separate the sides of the plastic box and remove the fan
filter.
3.
Using soapy water, thoroughly clean the filter element.
4.
Rinse clean under running water then gently shake out any
excess water.
Be sure to shake out any excess water before replacing.
5.
Reinstall the fan filter into the plastic box removed in

step 2.
6.
Reinstall the plastic box on the back of the instrument.
S-144DR
67
O-ring
The o-rings, located around the top of the reagent tubes,
should be cleaned and greased when replacing reagent
materials.
1.
2.
Note
3.
Note
68
Remove the reagent tubes (figure 6-1, page 612).

A.

swing free.
B.
C.
Carefully remove the o-rings by squeezing the sides of the

o-ring with two fingers until it loops. Slip the red plastic
o-ring removal tool around the o-ring and slip it off the
groove.
Do not damage the o-rings.

Wipe the o-rings clean then apply a light, even coat of
silicone grease.
Replace the o-rings if showing signs of wear.
4.
Replace the o-rings.
5.
Replace reagent tubes.
S-144DR
Maintenance
Reagent Tubes
Repack the reagent tubes with anhydrone whenever the
reagent becomes caked or moist (from moisture being released
from samples).
1.
Maintenance
Remove the left reagent tube (figure 6-1, page 612).

A.

swing free (figure 6-2, page 613).
B.
C.
2.
Before repacking the reagent tube, remove all material

from the inside of the reagent tube. Rinse the reagent
tube with water, and let it dry.
3.
Pack 1/2-inch of glass wool into the bottom of reagent

tubes.
4.
Fill each reagent tube with 43/4 inches of anhydrone. Leave

a 3/4-inch space at the top of each reagent tube (figure
6-3, page 613).
5.
Reinstall the reagent tubes.
S-144DR
69
Computer System
Maintain the computer system by cleaning the system once a
week or as needed to maintain usability of the system and
eliminate static charge build up.
Note
Repairs or adjustments that require disassembling system

components should only be performed by professional
technicians.
1.
Use anti-static products to eliminate static charge build up

in the work area and reduce the risk of electric shock.
2.
Turn the power off.

A.
3.
610
Monitor
1)
Wipe the screen using a soft cloth or an antistatic wipe designed for electronics.
2)
Clean the plastic areas using a neutral detergent

and a soft cloth.
B.
ComputerClean using a neutral detergent and a soft

cloth.
C.
Mouse
1)
Clean the roller ball according to manufacturer's

instructions.
2)
Clean the plastic areas using a neutral detergent

and a soft cloth.
When the system is not in use, cover the monitor and

keyboard.
S-144DR
Maintenance
Printer
Maintain the printer by cleaning the printer once a week or as
needed to maintain usability of the system and eliminate static
charge build up.
Note
Maintenance
Repairs or adjustments that require disassembling system

components should only be performed by professional
technicians.
1.
Use anti-static products to eliminate static charge build up

in the work area and reduce the risk of electric shock.
2.
Turn the power off.
3.
Clean the plastic areas using a neutral detergent and a

soft cloth.
4.
Replace the ink cartridge as needed. Follow the

manufacturer's installation instructions.
5.
When not in use, cover the printer.
S-144DR
611
606-316
ADAPTER
606-327
REAGENT
TUBE
(2 REQ'D)
Figure 6-1
Component Installation
612
S-144DR
Maintenance
TUBE
Figure 6-2
Reagent Tube Removal
773-320
O-RING
(2 REQ'D)
606-327
REAGENT TUBE
(2 REQ'D)
501-171
ANHYDRONE
(4 3/4 IN.)
501-081
GLASS WOOL
(1/2 IN.)
772-520
O-RING
(2 REQ'D)
Figure 6-3
Reagent Tubes
Maintenance
S-144DR
613
614
S-144DR
Maintenance
Theory of Operation
T
h
o
e
ry
fO
p
ra
e
tio
n
The Theory of Operation chapter provides a technical description of
how the instrument operates and the stages of operation that
generate reliable results. Learn how precision and accuracy are
directly related to the initial calibration and changes in standard
concentrations.
Illustrations .......................................................................72
Theory of Operation ............................................................73
Infrared Radiation, Absorption, and Detection.........................74
Comparator Level ...............................................................75
Calibration Curves ..............................................................78
Curves and Intercepts .................................................... 78
Intercepts ............................................................... 78
Linear Calibration Curve ............................................ 79
Calibrating with a Linear Curve .............................. 79
Quadratic Calibration Curve ..................................... 710
Calibrating with a Quadratic Curve ....................... 710
Cubic Calibration Curve ........................................... 711
Calibrating with a Cubic Curve ............................. 711
Theory of Operation
S-144DR
71
Illustrations
Figure 7-1 ......... Analytical Flow Diagram.............................. 712
72
S-144DR
Theory of Operation
Theory of Operation
The S-144DR Sulfur Analyzer is a software controlled
instrument designed to determine the sulfur content in a wide
variety of organic materials such as coal, coke, and oils, as well
as some inorganic materials such as soil, cement, and
limestone by combustion and non-dispersive infrared detection.
Analysis begins as a sample (0.350 g nominal) is weighed into
a combustion boat. When Analyze is selected from the Samples
menu, the sample is placed in a pure oxygen environment
typically regulated at 1350oC. The combination of furnace
temperature and oxygen flow causes the sample to combust.
All sample materials contained in the combustion boat go
through an oxidative-reduction process that causes sulfurbearing compounds to break down and free the sulfur. The
sulfur forms SO2. (The design of the combustion system
prevents the atmosphere from entering the combustion zone.)
Sample gases are first swept through the boat stop to the back
of the inner combustion tube, then forward between the inner
and outer combustion tubes, allowing the sample gases to
remain in the high temperature zone for a longer period and
permit efficient oxidation.
From the combustion system, the gases flow through two
anhydrone tubes to remove moisture, through a flow controller
that sets the flow of sample gases to 3.5 l/min, and then
through the infrared detection cell.
The sulfur IR cell measures the concentration of sulfur dioxide
gas. The instrument converts these values to a percentage/ppm
value, using an equation preset in the software that takes into
account the sample weight, calibration, and known moisture
value.
Theory of Operation
S-144DR
73
Infrared Radiation, Absorption, and Detection

All molecules with the exception of dipolar species such as N2,
H2, and O2, absorb in the infrared region. Because no two
compounds absorb in the same manner, infrared spectrometry
is an extremely useful method for qualitative and quantitative
chemical analysis. As radiant energy projects through the
sample material, an infrared absorption spectrum results.
Because all molecules have a characteristic spectrum, the
identity and quantity of a compound can be determined.
In the infrared detector cell, energy is emitted from a nichrome
wire heated to 850oC. Radiant energy, chopped at 85 Hz, enters
the cell through a calcium fluoride window and projects through
the cell measure chamber that contains carrier or sample
gases. Gases absorb infrared energy as they pass through the
cell chamber, producing a spectrum. As energy exits the cell
chamber through a second calcium fluoride window, a precise
wavelength filter selectively blocks all wavelengths except that
of SO2 from passing into a condensing cone and onto the
detector. The detector responds to the energy changes between
the carrier gas and sample gas and ultimately determines the
concentration of sulfur.
The detector output, AC coupled to the preamp, is amplified,
rectified, and filtered. The analog voltage is converted to a
digital signal through the A/D card and nominal energy, when
read at the cell output, results in a voltage of 8.500 VDC.
Prior to the beginning of an analysis, the computer establishes
the baseline. As the analysis begins, the cell output decreases
proportionally with the amount of sulfur (as SO2) in the IR cells.
The computer reads the cell output nine times a second by an
interval linearization equation. The result, corrected by
calibration and for sample weight, is the total weight percent of
sulfur. Optional moisture compensation can also be applied to
correct the result for dry basis reporting.
74
S-144DR
Theory of Operation
Comparator Level
Note
One comparator level is associated with each analysis

method. Selecting a different method also selects a new
comparator level.
An analysis that lasts excessively long causes unnecessarily

long delays, while an analysis that isnt long enough can cause
loss of significant analyte data collection. Since not all samples
combust in the same manner, analyses should not be
performed based on time alone.
The length of each analysis is determined on an individual basis
by the minimum analysis time and the comparator level.
Analysis ends when the minimum time limit is reached and the
sulfur rate drops below the comparator level after passing its
peak. This comparator level is a preset constant (k) plus a
percent of the peak:
COMPARATOR LEVEL = k + (X)(P)
P
Detector output peak
Selected comparator level percentage
During an analysis, the output of the detector is collected in the

form of digital data and summed to arrive at the analysis result.
If this data were plotted, it would reflect the curve of the
detector output.
Theory of Operation
S-144DR
75
Shown below are two examples of the same detector output

curve (buffer plot). The first example shows the amount of
detector output collected during an analysis with a comparator
level setting at 6% while the second example illustrates
at 25%.
End of Analysis where "X" equals 6%

DETECTOR
OUTPUT
START OF
ANALYSIS
COMPARATOR
LEVELEND OF ANALYSIS
DETECTOR OUTPUT
COLLECTED
End of Analysis where "X" equals 25.0%

DETECTOR
OUTPUT
START OF
ANALYSIS
COMPARATOR
LEVELEND OF ANALYSIS
DETECTOR OUTPUT
COLLECTED
The following conclusions can be drawn from the examples:

1.
A high comparator level shortens analysis time.
2.
A low comparator level includes more sample gas, and

therefore more sulfur, into result calculations.
3.
A comparator level that is too low, however, results in the

inclusion of very low concentrations that do not
significantly affect the result (noise), but lengthen the
analysis.
A comparator level of 1.0% usually provides optimum

performance by allowing the collection of all significant output
within a reasonable time.
76
S-144DR
Theory of Operation
Extremely low output peaks may need a larger comparator

level to exclude insignificant output levels produced toward the
end of analysis and cut down on drift. The minimum time
should be extended to match what would be considered a
reasonable time length for the analysis of such samples. The
combination of a high comparator level and an extended
minimum analysis time insures that all significant output is
collected and analysis time lengths are consistent without being
extensive.
Whenever the comparator level changes, check the system
calibration since interaction can occur.
COMPARATOR LEVEL
(SET TOO HIGH)
DETECTOR
OUTPUT
COLLECTED
SIGNIFICANT
DETECTOR
OUTPUT
EXCLUDED
COMPARATOR LEVEL
(SET TOO LOW)
INSIGNIFICANT
DETECTOR
OUTPUT
DETECTOR
OUTPUT
COLLECTED
Theory of Operation
S-144DR
77
Calibration Curves
When the analyze flow passes through the IR cell, the response
of the cell is not linear. A programmed equation linearizes the
response, permitting a linear measure of milligrams of
sulfur/second. By measuring the signal over time, a curve with
an area representing the total sulfur present in a sample can be
displayed.
An integration of this area is performed to determine the sulfur
measured. Calibration compensates for differences between the
total sulfur measured and the actual sulfur concentration, as
discussed in Curves and Intercepts.
Curves and Intercepts

Calibration curves may be one of three types: linear, quadratic,
or cubic. Intercepts may be fixed or regressed. Curves and
intercepts are used to create the best calibration for a selected
group of samples.
To establish the appropriate calibration curve for each method,
perform a series of analyses using a calibration standard of
various weight levels. Perform three to five analyses for each
weight level. Then, perform a linear calibration with a fixed
intercept.
The plot that appears on the calibration screen indicates the
measure milligrams of sulfur in relation to the ideal milligrams
of sulfur for each sample weight. Using a fixed intercept, the
line will meet the Y-axis at zero.
Intercepts
A fixed or regressed intercept can be used when calibrating the
instrument.
If a fixed intercept is chosen, the intercept must be entered. To
determine this value, perform three to five analyses using
empty boats (blank samples) then average the values. The
curves will start at the point on the Y-axis entered.
If the regressed intercept is used, enough blank samples should
be analyzed to allow a ratio of one blank for every three
standards chosen for calibration. If this ratio is maintained, the
computer calculates the intercept before graphing the chosen
standards.
78
S-144DR
Theory of Operation
Linear Calibration Curve

Linear calibration is the lowest order calibration curve and is
represented in the upper right plot on the calibration screen.
Sulfur = (b)(area) + a
b
Software generated coefficient that indicates the slop of the line.
The blank intercept.
All points used for recalibration should rest close to or on this

line. The linear curve accurately calibrates for most samples.
Calibrating with a Linear Curve
Note
Theory of Operation
1.
Use a calibration standard with sulfur content

representative of the highest expected content in unknown
samples.
2.
When possible, use a calibration sample with a similar

matrix to that of unknown samples.
3.
Values selected for use in calibration should all fit within

the allowed overall spread of the standard.
If standards tend to fall off the line, a higher order

calibration curve may be necessary.
S-144DR
79
Quadratic Calibration Curve

If the analysis points have a trend toward one direction in a
portion of the curve, then the quadratic equation would be
appropriate. When using the quadratic calibration, a regressed
intercept should be used.
The quadratic calibration is a second order calibration curve,
represented by a line with one bend and mathematically
represented in the upper right of the plot on the calibration
screen.
Sulfur = (c)(area2) + (b)(area) + a
c
A software generated coefficient that fine-tunes that slope of the line,

allowing it to curve and provide a better fit for the chosen standards.
Calibrating with a Quadratic Curve
Note
710
1.
Use sample weights or material that provide milligram

areas representative of the range covered in the sample
analysis.
2.
When possible, use a calibration sample with a matrix

similar to the unknown samples.
3.
Values selected for use in calibration should fit within the

allowed overall spread of the standard.
Future calibrations will require analysis of the standard

material at varying weight levels as performed in this
example.
S-144DR
Theory of Operation
Cubic Calibration Curve

If the analysis points have trends in more than one direction,
then the cubic calibration is appropriate. When using a cubic
calibration, a regressed intercept should be used.
Cubic calibration is the third order calibration curve,
represented by a line with two bends, and mathematically
represented in the upper right of the plot on the calibration
screen.
Sulfur = (d)(area3) + (c)(area) + a
c
A software generated coefficient that fine-tunes that slope of the line,

allowing it to curve and provide a better fit for the chosen standards.
Calibrating with a Cubic Curve
Note
Theory of Operation
1.
If different materials are being analyzed with the same

method, perform calibration analyses using standard
materials of the same matrix as the samples.
2.
When possible, use a calibration sample with a matrix

similar to unknown samples.
3.
Values selected for calibration should fit within the allowed

spread of the standard.
Future calibrations will require analysis of the standard

material at varying weight levels as performed in this
example.
S-144DR
711
2 WAY
SOLENOID
PARTICLE
FILTER
COMBUSTION
FURNACE
PS
SV1
PURGE
0
1350 C
15 PSI
PRESSURE
SWITCH
ADJUSTABLE
FLOWMETER
3.5 lpm
40 PSI
O2
ADJUSTABLE
FLOW
CONTROLLER
STOP
COMBUSTION
BOAT
PRESSURE
SWITCH
PS
15 PSI
2.5 lpm
ANHYDRONE
REAGENT
TUBE
10-20 MESH
LOW SULFUR IR CELL

SO2 13 IN
BYPASS
HIGH SULFUR IR CELL
So2
24 V VACUUM PARTICLE
FILTER
PUMP
ASSEMBLY
7 IN
BYPASS
OVEN - 48 C
FLOWMETER
2.5 lpm
EXHAUST
Figure 7-1
Analytical Flow Diagram
712
S-144DR
Theory of Operation
Diagnostics
D
g
ia
n
o
tic
s
The Diagnostics chapter explains how to monitor and check the
operation of the instrument hardware. This can help the operator
or service technician determine if the instrument is operating
properly.
Diagnostics........................................................................83
Diagnostics
S-144DR
81
82
S-144DR
Diagnostics
Diagnostics
The S-144DR allows the IR cells, oven temperature, furnace
temperature, and incoming pressure to be monitored by the
diagnostics portion of the software. The Diagnostics dialog box
also allows the Alarm Relay and Oxygen Inlet Pump to be
turned on and off for testing purposes.
Notes
Diagnostics
1.

Diagnostic button on the toolbar. The Diagnostics dialog
box is displayed.
2.
Click the Alarm Relay check box to turn on and off the
alarm relay. A checkmark indicates that the option is
activated.
3.
Click the Pump/Oxygen Inlet check box to turn on and

off the oxygen inlet pump. A checkmark indicates that the
option is activated.
4.
Click the Print button to print the diagnostics information.
The alarm relay and oxygen inlet pump are automatically

controlled by the software when an analysis is started.
To adjust the power supply, volt supply, IR cells, oven

temperature, or furnace temperature
S-144DR
83
84
S-144DR
Diagnostics
E
tro
c
le
n
iA
d
ju
tm
s
n
e
ts
The Electronic Adjustments chapter explains how to update your
system with the latest version of the software and guides you
through necessary electronic adjustment to obtain proper operation
of the S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer.
Illustrations .......................................................................92
Security Registration...........................................................93
Software Upgrade...............................................................94
IR Cells Adjustment ............................................................95
Oven Temperature Adjustment.............................................97
S-144DR
91
Illustrations
Figure 9-1 ......... Adjustment Locations ................................. 99
Figure 9-2 ......... Oven Heater Control Card ........................... 910
92
S-144DR
Electronic Adjustment
Security Registration
A security registration number needs to be entered after a
software upgrade has been installed. If the system is new, a
LECO technician has already entered the registration number.
Note
Contact a LECO representative if there are any problems

concerning the security registration number.
S-144DR
93
Software Upgrade
A major portion of the S-144DR's functions are defined and
controlled by a software program that may be updated. Most
updates do not affect the physical design of the determinator,
but can improve performance and make operation easier.
Therefore, an identification system for program changes called
'Program Version' is used in the S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur
Analyzer and other LECO instruments.
A three-digit number identifies program version levels. The first
generation of a program is version '1.00'. Each time a program
is changed, the version number is increased.
Notes
94
Periodically, software version updates that enhance the

operation are available. The following procedure can also be
used to install the software updates or reinstall the
software.
Before continuing with this procedure, print the system

parameters or store in an alternate directory. You may also
want to record any important results from the result list.
Upon completion of this procedure, all settings and results
will be erased. It may be necessary to restore some of the
constants that may be lost due to the system reset.
1.
With the computer on, place the software update disk in

the floppy disk drive (typically A:).
2.
Click Start button in lower left-hand corner.
3.
Click Run. The Run dialog box is displayed.
4.
Enter A:\Setup.exe and click OK.
5.
Follow the instructions displayed on the screen to

complete installation.
6.
Enter the old system parameters, maintenance controls,

and temperatures.
7.
Proceed with setup and operation of the analyzer.
S-144DR
IR Cells Adjustment
The S-144DR allows the IR cells output range to be adjusted.
The cell output range is 7.500 to 9.500 VDC. An alarm occurs if
this range is exceeded. If the alarm occurs, the cells need to be
adjusted. The Zero adjustment should be set at 0.001 VDC.
WARNING
Note

These adjustments can only be made by qualified
personnel. There is 230V~ present on the oven
control card. To avoid shock, use extreme care
when making adjustment.
The instrument must be at normal operating temperature

and the gas should be on before adjusting the cell output.
1.

Diagnostic button on the toolbar. The Diagnostics dialog
box is displayed.
2.
Remove the left side panel and the oven panel.
3.
Locate the Zero (R24) and gain (R3) adjustment screws

on the cell (figure 9-1, page 99).
4.
Locate and disconnect the chopper motor connector for

the cell.
S-144DR
95
Note
5.
Note
Note
96
Observe the IR Cell display in the Diagnostics dialog box.

The reading should drop to zero. If not, adjust the zero
control with a small screwdriver until the display indicates
0.001.
The zero adjustment should be set at 0.001 VDC.
6.
Reconnect the chopper motor connect. The IR Cell display

in the Diagnostics dialog box should read 8.500 (0.200
VDC). If not, adjust the gain control until the display
indicates 8.500 (0.200 VDC).
The gain can be adjusted without adjusting the zero control

each time.
7.
Note
The J152 connector goes to the low sulfur cell; J152A goes
to the high sulfur cell.
Close the oven compartment and replace the left side

panel.
After performing this procedure, allow the oven temperature

to stabilize before analyzing the samples.
S-144DR
Oven Temperature Adjustment

The oven temperature is controlled by the oven heater control
card. Adjustment procedures should be performed after the
oven heater control card has been replaced or when the IR
oven temperature falls out of range (48oC 1oC).
WARNING
Note

These adjustments can only be made by qualified
personnel. There is 230V~ present on the oven
control card. To avoid shock, use extreme care
when making adjustment.
This adjustment requires a digital voltmeter.
1.

Diagnostic button on the toolbar. The Diagnostics
2.
Observe the oven temperature in the Diagnostics

dialog box.
3.
Remove the left side panel and the oven panel.
4.
Locate the oven heater control card (figure 9-1,

page 99).
5.
Locate R14, TP1, and TP2 (figure 9-2, page 910).
S-144DR
97
6.
Connect the digital voltmeter leads. Connect the positive

lead to TP1 and the negative lead to TP2.
7.
Adjust R14 to the desired oven temperature. A voltmeter

reading of 100 mV is equivalent to 1oC. For an oven
temperature of 48oC, the R14 should be adjusted so the
voltmeter reads 4.8 volts.
8.
Disconnect the digital voltmeter.
9.
Reinstall the oven panel and allow the temperature to

stabilize.
10. Recheck the oven temperature reading displayed in the

Diagnostics dialog box. The temperature should be 48oC
(01oC).
11. Reinstall the left side panel.
98
S-144DR
GAIN
GAIN
ZERO
ADJUST
GAIN
ZERO
ADJUST
ZERO
ADJUST
OVEN HEATER
CONTROL CARD
J152A
J152
Figure 9-1
Adjustment Locations
S-144DR
99
910
S-144DR
R4
TEMP
TP3
U1
U2
R2
R1
J224C
J224B
J224A
R7
C6
C3
C1R8
J224
R9
C2
U3
C7
C5
R5
R3
R6
R12
C4
U4
U5
TP2
GND
COPYRIGHT C 1997
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
LECO CORPORATION
ST, JOSEPH, MI U.S.A.
K1
R14
TEST
TP1
CR1
TP1
R10
R11
TP2
R14
TP3
Figure 9-2
Oven Heater Control Card
10 Service
Service
If you are still experiencing difficulties after referencing the

Service chapter, please contact the LECO Service Department at
269-982-5497 for assistance.
Service Parts ................................................................... 103
USB/ISA Interface Card Installation .................................... 104
Service
S-144DR
101
102
S-144DR
Service
Service Parts
Note
Refer to Options, page 115, for additional part numbers.
606-224
Thermocouples
606-601-110
Heating Element Replacement Kit
609-399
Fan (Back Panel)
616-036
Fan (Oven)
616-038
Flat Heater Assembly
616-155
Heater (Oven) (2 required)
772-455
Pressure Switches
777-594-101
Oven Heater Control Card
781-434
Furnace Temperature Adjustment Pot
782-746
Power Line Filter (Incoming Power)
Service
S-144DR
103
USB/ISA Interface Card Installation

The USB/ISA interface card should already be installed. Only
use this procedure when adding the USB/ISA interface card to
an older instrument or replacing the USB/ISA interface card in a
new instrument.
!
CAUTION

WARNING
HIGH VOLTAGE HAZARD

power source.
104
1.
Turn the analyzer off and disconnect from facility power.
2.
Remove the analyzer left side panel.
3.
Insert the USB/ISA interface card into the top slot of the
electronic chassis (figure 11-1, page 11-3). The USB/ISA
interface card should snap into place.
4.
Reinstall the analyzer left side panel.
S-144DR
Service
11
Illustrations
lu
I
s
io
tra
n
The Illustration chapter can assist you in procedures, verify

information during setup, and help to locate parts and part numbers.
Figure 11-1 ....... Left Side View ........................................... 11-3
Figure 11-2 ....... Right Side View ......................................... 11-4
Figure 11-3 ....... 616-040 Inlet Gas Assembly........................ 11-5
Figure 11-4 ....... 606-616 High Sulfur IR Cell......................... 11-6
Figure 11-5 ....... 782-067 Low Sulfur IR Cell ......................... 11-7
Figure 11-6 ....... Vacuum Pump ........................................... 11-8
Illustrations
S-144DR
11-1
11-2
S-144DR
Illustrations
666-147-101
TC/IR PWR SUPPLY
CARD
777-759
IR OVEN
INTERFACE
CARD
777-504
CHOPPER MOTOR
CARD
666-001
8 POS. SOLENOID
INTERFACE
CARD
666-355
USB
INTERFACE
CARD
603-880
RELAY
777-710-120
A/D CARD
(16 BIT)
777-694
A/D CARD
(12 BIT)
777-695-110
DIGITAL I/O
CARD
778-492
FLOW
CONTROLLER
782-067
LOW SULFUR
IR CELL
ASSEMBLY
606-616
HIGH SULFUR
IR CELL
ASSEMBLY
666-224-110
OVEN HEATER
CARD
778-494
FLOWMETER
616-036
OVEN FAN
ASSEMBLY
765-537
FLOWMETER
666-121-110
FURNACE CONTROL
CARD
Figure 11-1
Left Side View
Illustrations
S-144DR
11-3
616-037
FURNACE
ASSEMBLY
772-455
PRESSURE
SWITCH
(616-040
INLET
GAS ASSY)
606-649
SOLENOID
VALVE
768-980
PARTICLE
FILTER
616-065
RELAY
607-157
RELAY
606-327
REAGENT TUBE
(2 REQ'D)
768-980
PARTICLE FILTER
(PART OF 606-270
LOWER ANHYDRONE
BLOCK ASSEMBLY)
782-746
20 AMP LINE
602-699
FILTER
CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
608-604
POWER SUPPLY
CARD
616-041
VACUUM PUMP
ASSEMBLY
614-523
CIRCUIT
666-014
BREAKER
POWER
DISTRIBUTION
CARD
Figure 11-2
Right Side View
11-4
S-144DR
Illustrations
Figure 11-3
616-040 Inlet Gas Assembly
Illustrations
S-144DR
11-5
Figure 11-4
606-616 High Sulfur IR Cell
11-6
S-144DR
Illustrations
772-560
MOTOR
190-295
SCREW
(4 REQ'D)
781-943
IR SOURCE
PLATE
190-174
SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
190-247
SCREW
(2 REQ'D)
772-809
BLOCK AND
WINDOWS ASSEMBLY
190-866
SCREW
768-944
O-RING
781-987
SOURCE END
CAP
783-037
MOUNT
782-065
IR DETECTOR
ASSEMBLY
782-697
GASKET
768-974
CHOPPER MOTOR
BLADE
190-766
SCREW
781-942
IR SOURCE &
REFLECTOR
190-227
SCREW
(4 REQD)
193-006
WASHER
(4 REQ'D)
190-227
SCREW
(4 REQ'D)
193-104
WASHER
783-038
STANDOFF
(4 REQ'D)
777-817
CARD
783-040
COVER
ASSEMBLY
781-637
SEAL PREAMP
CARD
781-638
SEAL
BACKING
Figure 11-5
782-067 Low Sulfur IR Cell
Illustrations
S-144DR
11-7
783-040
PREAMP
COVER
193-006
WASHER
(4 REQD)
190-227
SCREW
(4 REQD)
783-037
MOUNT
783-038
HEX SPACER
(4 REQD)
770-838
THERMAL
RESISTOR
777-817
PREAMP
CARD
193-104
WASHER
190-227
SCREW
(4 REQD)
781-637
PREAMP CARD
SEAL
781-638
BACKING SEAL
190-601
SCREW
(4 REQD)
782-056
TUBE CELL BODY
ASSEMBLY
781-990
O-RING
(3 REQD)
190-820
SCREW
(3 REQD)
772-806
PLATE
(2 REQD)
190-766
SCREW
768-944
O-RING
772-561
IR SOURCE
REFLECTOR
PLATE
781-941
SOURCE
END CAP
190-295
SCREW
(4 REQD)
781-949
GUARD
FEEDTHRU
190-247
SCREW
(2 REQD)
772-560
CHOPPER MOTOR
781-943
SOURCE
PLATE
190-174
SCREW
(2 REQD)
781-945
CYLINDER
781-942
IR SOURCE
ASSEMBLY
190-766
SCREW
190-866
SET SCREW
768-974
CHOPPER BLADE
781-991-010
SOURCE
BLOCK
777-066
TUBE BODY
772-520
0-RING
(2 REQD)
775-795
SPACER
(2 REQD)
12
772-804
GOLD PLATED
GLASS TUBE
772-557
TUBE
(2 REQD)
781-849-010
DETECTOR
BLOCK
782-697
INNER
GASKET
190-820
SCREW
(3 REQD)
193-006
STAR WASHER
(4 REQD)
606-208
BRACKET
190-227
SCREW
(4 REQD)
774-571
PUMP
772-458
FITTING
(2 REQD)
194-056
NUT
(8 REQD)
781-677
MOUNT
(4 REQD)
615-981
BRACKET
616-075
STRAP ASSEMBLY
775-133
FOAM TAPE
(3 REQD)
Figure 11-6
Vacuum Pump
11-8
S-144DR
Illustrations
12
Schematics
S
h
c
m
e
s
tic
a
The Schematics chapter provides information on the circuit boards

and wiring for the AMA254 Advanced Mercury Analyzer.
Illustrations ..................................................................... 12-2
SC-144DR Family Cabinet Schematics Part List ..................... 12-3
Schematics
S-144DR
12-1
Illustrations
12-2
S-144DR
Schematics
SC-144DR Family Cabinet Schematics Part List

Assemblies
Heaters
A1 ............................................ Power Cord, 30A, 125/250V ............................. 606-113
HR1........................................... IR Emitter Source #1.......................................775-561
A2 ............................................ 16-bit A/D Card .............................................. 777-710-210
A3 ............................................ 16-bit A/D Card .............................................. 777-710-130
A5 ............................................ Digital I/O Card .............................................. 777-695-110
HR4........................................... Furnace Heater ...............................................606-601
A6 ............................................ Bus Extender Card .......................................... 666-355
HR5........................................... Oven Heater ...................................................616-039
A8 ............................................ Power Supply Card.......................................... 608-604
HR6........................................... Oven Heater ...................................................616-039
A9 ............................................ Power Distribution Card ................................... 666-014
Motors
A10 .......................................... Solenoid Drive Card ........................................ 666-001
M1 ............................................ Chopper Motor Cell #1 .....................................772-560
A11 .......................................... Snubber ........................................................ 773-666
A13 .......................................... IR Oven Interface Card.................................... 777-759
A14 .......................................... IR Cell Power Supply Card................................ 666-147-101
M4 ............................................ Oven Fan, 120V 60Hz 0.5A ...............................611-478
A15 .......................................... IR Preamp Card (SC-144DR & C-144) ................ 777-818
M5 ............................................ Cabinet Fan, 115V 50/60Hz ..............................606-202
A16 .......................................... IR Preamp Card (SC-144DR & S-144DR) ............ 777-817
M6 ............................................ Pump ............................................................774-571
A17 .......................................... IR Preamp Card (SC-144DR & S-144DR) ............ 777-817
Relay
A18 .......................................... Oven Heater Control Card ................................ 666-224-110
K1............................................. Relay.............................................................603-880
A19 .......................................... Chopper Motor Drive Card................................ 777-504
K2............................................. SSR, Furnace..................................................616-065
A20 .......................................... 5 position Interconnect Chassis Card ................. 666-040
K3............................................. Alarm ............................................................607-157
A4 ............................................ 12-bit A/D Card .............................................. 777-694
Resistor
A12 .......................................... Analog Furnace Control Card ............................ 666-378-110
R1............................................. 5K.................................................................769-171
A7 ............................................ PC Bus Extender Card ..................................... 666-118-111
Switches
Circuit Breakers
S1............................................. Power Switch/Circuit Breaker, 20A, 250V............614-523
S1 ............................................ Power Switch/Circuit Breaker, 20A, 250V ........... 614-523
S2............................................. Incoming Pressure...........................................772-455
CB1 .......................................... 3A ................................................................ 778-950
S3............................................. Clog Alarm .....................................................772-455
Filters
Thermocouple
FL1 ........................................... RFI Line Filter, 20A ......................................... 782-746
TC1 ........................................... Furnace Thermocouple .....................................606-224
Solenoid Valves
TC2 ........................................... Furnace Thermocouple .....................................606-224
L1............................................. Pump ............................................................ 606-649
Transformer
T1 ............................................. Transformer ...................................................602-699-010
Schematics
S-144DR
12-3
Figure 12-1
150-851 Cabinet SchematicsPage 1 of 3
124
S-144DR
Schematics
Figure 12-2
Schematics
S-144DR
125
Figure 12-3
126
S-144DR
Schematics
13 Index
Index
A
About
Examples................................................................... 41
Help Menu ............................................................... 433
Absorption.................................................................... 74
Access, On-Board Manual ............................................. 435
Accessories................................................................. 116
Accessory Pack .................................................. 117, 118
Adapter........................................................................ 64
Add
Sample ................................................................... 420
Toolbar...................................................... 122, 430
Samples Menu.......................................................... 432
Standard ................................................................. 518
User-Defined Field .................................................... 531
Adjust
Furnace Temperature ................................................ 453
IR Cells ..................................................................... 95
Oven Temperature ...................................................... 97
Adjustment, Locations.................................................... 99
Advanced Full-Text Search............................................ 446
Analysis
Calibration ............................................................... 522
First Time .................................................................. 53
Perform................................................................... 528
Time ....................................................................... 119
Analytical Flow Diagram ............................................... 712
Analyze
Samples Menu.......................................................... 432
Toolbar .......................................................... 122, 430
Installation ................................................................ 23
Available Functions, User-Defined Fields ......................... 534
Index
S-144DR
131
B
Back, Toolbar.............................................................. 439
Balance........................................................................ 33
Configure, Parameters ................................................. 46
Control Panel ............................................................. 37
Definitions ................................................................. 47
Illustration................................................................. 37
Installation ................................................................ 33
Range ..................................................................... 119
Readability .............................................................. 119
Reset ........................................................................ 34
Basic Rules
Nested Expressions ................................................... 447
Search Topics........................................................... 443
Baud Rate
Balance ............................................................ 122, 47
Data Transmit ................................................. 122, 410
Blanks ........................................................................5-16
Braided Cable
Illustration............................................................... 229
Installation .............................................................. 229
Buttons ...................................................................... 111
Move, Columns......................................................... 422
C
Cabinet Schematics ......................................................12-3
Calibrate
Cubic Curve ............................................................. 711
Furnace, Tools Menu ................................................. 433
Quadratic Curve ....................................................... 710
Tools Menu .............................................................. 433
Calibration.................................................................. 522
Analysis .................................................................. 522
Curve...................................................................... 525
Curves ...................................................................... 78
Cubic ................................................................. 711
Linear .................................................................. 79
Quadratic............................................................ 710
Linear Curve .............................................................. 79
Specification ............................................................ 119
Toolbar .......................................................... 122, 430
Card, Oven Heater Control ............................................ 910
Caution
Operator ................................................................... 19
Symbols .................................................................. 110
132
S-144DR
Index
Cell
Adjustment ................................................................ 95
High Sulfur ...............................................................11-6
Low Sulfur ................................................................11-7
View Data................................................................ 537
Change
Height, On-Board Manual ........................................... 437
Size, On-Board Manual .............................................. 437
Width, On-Board Manual ............................................ 437
Check Boxes, Dialog Box .............................................. 417
Chemical Reagent........................................................ 119
Circuit Breaker .............................................................. 45
Codes, Format ............................................................ 428
Columns..................................................................... 422
Definitions ............................................................... 424
Format .................................................................... 426
Resize ..................................................................... 423
View Menu ............................................................... 433
Combustion
Shelf
Illustration .......................................................... 232
Installation ......................................................... 211
System
Illustration ................................................. 230, 231
Installation ........................................................... 29
Command Buttons, Dialog Box ...................................... 417
Commands
Execute ................................................................... 415
Menu Shortcuts ........................................................ 451
Comparator Level .......................................................... 75
Component
Installation ..................................................... 227, 612
Pack ....................................................................... 116
Components ............................................................... 116
Computer
Dimensions .............................................................. 120
Illustration............................................................... 225
Installation .............................................................. 215
Maintenance ............................................................ 610
Specification ............................................................ 119
Configure, Balance, Parameters ....................................... 46
Conformity, Declaration................................................ 113
Index
S-144DR
133
Connect
Exhaust Tube ........................................................... 214
Gas ........................................................................ 213
Contents
Find Topic................................................................ 438
Navigation Pane ....................................................... 436
Tab, Shortcuts.......................................................... 450
Control Panel, Balance ................................................... 37
Controller Card............................................................ 454
Controls ....................................................................... 45
Illustration............................................................... 452
Copy
Edit Menu ................................................................ 432
Topic ...................................................................... 439
Create, Method ........................................................... 510
Cubic
Calibration Curve ...................................................... 711
Curve, Calibrating ..................................................... 711
Curve
Cubic ...................................................................... 711
Linear ....................................................................... 79
Quadratic ................................................................ 710
Curves
Calibration ........................................................ 525, 78
Intercepts.................................................................. 78
Customize, On-Board Manual ........................................ 437
D
Data
Bits
Balance ....................................................... 122, 47
Data Transmit ............................................ 122, 410
Output Parameters, Set ............................................... 35
Print Results ................................................... 541, 542
Transmit.................................................................. 548
Definitions .......................................................... 410
Parameters ........................................................... 48
View
IR Cell ................................................................ 537
Sample............................................................... 535
Database, Validate....................................................... 552
Date, Columns .......................................... 122, 424, 425
Declaration of Conformity ............................................. 113
Define, Search Terms................................................... 442
134
S-144DR
Index
Definitions .................................................................. 122

Balance ..................................................................... 47
Columns .................................................................. 424
Data Transmit .......................................................... 410
Toolbar Buttons ........................................................ 430
Delete
Method.................................................................... 515
Samples .................................................................. 432
Standard ................................................................. 521
User-Defined Field .................................................... 534
Description, Columns .......................................... 122, 424
DeskJet Printer Kit ....................................................... 117
Detection ..................................................................... 74
Method.................................................................... 119
Diagnostics................................................................... 83
Toolbar .......................................................... 122, 430
Tools Menu .............................................................. 433
Dialog Boxes, Use........................................................ 416
Dimensions................................................................. 120
Display Options, Print................................................... 544
Disposable Particle Filter................................................. 65
Front ........................................................................ 65
Internal..................................................................... 66
Drop-Down List Boxes, Dialog Box ................................. 417
Dual Furnace Controller Card......................................... 454
E
Edit
Menu ...................................................................... 432
Method.................................................................... 513
Electrical Power Requirements ....................................... 119
Element, Installation ...................................................... 25
Elements, Illustration ................................................... 228
Enter, Text ................................................................. 421
Equipment Packages .................................................... 114
Examples, About ........................................................... 41
Execute, Commands .................................................... 415
Exhaust Tube, Connections ........................................... 214
Exit, Samples Menu ..................................................... 432
Index
S-144DR
135
Export
Results.................................................................... 549
Samples Menu.......................................................... 432
Setup...................................................................... 223
Information, Tools Menu ....................................... 433
Expressions, Nested..................................................... 447
F
Facility Requirements ................................................... 224
Fan Filter...................................................................... 67
Favorite Topics List ...................................................... 441
Favorites
Navigation Pane ....................................................... 436
Tab, Shortcuts.......................................................... 450
Fields, User-Defined..................................................... 423
Filter, Disposable Particle................................................ 65
Front ........................................................................ 65
Internal..................................................................... 66
Filter, Fan..................................................................... 67
Find, Topic ................................................................. 438
Using Toolbar Buttons ............................................... 439
First Time Analysis......................................................... 53
Flow Diagram.............................................................. 712
Format Code
Picture .................................................................... 428
Scientific, Figures ..................................................... 428
Scientific, Notation.................................................... 428
Format
Codes ..................................................................... 428
Columns .................................................................. 426
Forward, Toolbar ......................................................... 439
Front, Disposable Particle Filter........................................ 65
Full-Text Search .......................................................... 446
Advanced ................................................................ 446
Functions, User-Defined Fields....................................... 534
Furnace
Calibrate Temperature............................................... 412
Controller Card ......................................................... 454
Set Temperature ...................................................... 411
Specification ............................................................ 119
Temperature Adjustment ........................................... 453
136
S-144DR
Index
G
Gas
Connections ............................................................. 213
Required ................................................................. 119
General Tab, IR Cell Data ............................................. 539
Ground Strap Installation.............................................. 218
H
Hazardous Material Pack............................................... 117
Heater Control Card ..................................................... 910
Heating Element
Illustration............................................................... 228
Installation ................................................................ 25
Height, On-Board Manual.............................................. 437
Help
Menu ............................................................. 431, 433
Toolbar .......................................................... 122, 430
Topics, Help Menu..................................................... 433
Use......................................................................... 418
Hide
Navigation Pane ....................................................... 436
Toolbar ................................................................... 439
High, Sulfur
Area, Columns................................................. 122, 425
Columns ......................................................... 122, 424
Peak, Columns ................................................ 122, 424
Tab, IR Cell.............................................................. 540
Time, Columns ................................................ 122, 425
Highlight Words in Topics.............................................. 444
Home, Toolbar ............................................................ 439
I
Illustrations List ............................................................ 17
Import, Setup ............................................................. 221
Information, Tools Menu ............................................ 433
Index
Find Topic................................................................ 438
Navigation Pane ....................................................... 436
Indicators..................................................................... 45
Illustration............................................................... 452
Infrared Radiation ......................................................... 74
Inlet Gas, Illustration ....................................................11-5
Index
S-144DR
137
Install
Analyzer ....................................................................23
Balance ..................................................................... 33
Braided Cable........................................................... 229
Combustion
Shelf .................................................................. 211
System................................................................. 29
Components ................................................... 227, 612
Computer ................................................................ 215
Ground Strap ........................................................... 218
Heating Element ......................................................... 25
Internationally............................................................ 24
Reagent Tube........................................................... 212
Sliding Door ............................................................. 211
Software ................................................................. 219
USB
Cable ................................................................. 217
Interface Card ..................................................... 104
Intercepts .................................................................... 78
Interference to Other Devices........................................ 112
Internal, Disposable Particle Filter .................................... 66
International Installation ................................................ 24
IR Cell
Adjustment ................................................................ 95
Sulfur
High....................................................................11-6
Low ....................................................................11-7
View Data................................................................ 537
K
Keyboard Key Combinations.......................................... 415
Keys, Shortcut ............................................................ 449
L
LECO, Toolbar ............................................................. 439
Linear
Calibration Curve ........................................................ 79
Curve, Calibrating ....................................................... 79
Low, Sulfur
Area, Columns................................................. 122, 424
Columns ......................................................... 122, 424
Peak, Columns ................................................ 123, 424
Tab, IR Cell.............................................................. 540
Time, Columns ................................................ 123, 424
138
S-144DR
Index
M
Main, Software Window ................................................ 414
Maintenance Schedule.................................................... 63
Measure Flow Flowmeter ................................................ 45
Menu
Commands .............................................................. 415
Edit ........................................................................ 432
Help............................................................... 431, 433
References............................................................... 431
Sample ................................................................... 431
Samples .................................................................. 432
Shortcut Commands.................................................. 451
Tools ............................................................. 431, 433
View ....................................................................... 433
Menus........................................................................ 432
Method
Columns ......................................................... 123, 424
Create..................................................................... 510
Delete ..................................................................... 515
Edit ........................................................................ 513
Print ....................................................................... 514
Methods ..................................................................... 510
Toolbar .......................................................... 123, 430
Tools Menu .............................................................. 433
Minimum Requirements ................................................ 216
Moisture, Percent, Columns.................................. 123, 424
Monitor
Dimensions .............................................................. 120
Specification ............................................................ 119
Mouse, Use................................................................. 415
Mouse-Activated Buttons .............................................. 415
Move Buttons, Columns ................................................ 422
N
Name, Columns.................................................. 123, 424
Navigation Pane .......................................................... 436
Tabs ....................................................................... 436
Navigational Buttons .................................................... 111
Nested Expressions...................................................... 447
Notice, Warranty ........................................................... 19
Index
S-144DR
139
O
On-Board Manual
Access .................................................................... 435
Customize ............................................................... 437
Shortcuts................................................................. 449
Use......................................................................... 434
Operator, Columns ............................................. 123, 424
Options ...................................................................... 115
Toolbar ................................................................... 439
Tools Menu .............................................................. 433
O-ring, Reagent Tube..................................................... 68
Output Parameters, Set.................................................. 35
Oven
Heater Control Card .................................................. 910
Temperature, Adjustment ............................................ 97
P
Pane
Navigation ............................................................... 436
Sample ................................................................... 419
Parameters
Configure, Balance ...................................................... 46
Data Transmit ............................................................ 48
Set Data Output ......................................................... 35
Parity
Balance ............................................................ 123, 47
Data Transmit ................................................. 123, 410
Particle Filter ................................................................ 65
Front ........................................................................ 65
Internal..................................................................... 66
Paste, Edit Menu ......................................................... 432
PC
Illustration............................................................... 225
Installation .............................................................. 215
Tower Kit................................................................. 118
Perform Analysis ......................................................... 528
Periodic Maintenance Schedule ........................................ 63
Phrases, Search .......................................................... 443
Picture Format Code .................................................... 428
Port
Balance ............................................................ 123, 47
Data Transmit ................................................. 123, 410
Precision .................................................................... 119
1310
S-144DR
Index
Previous Results Search................................................ 448

Print
Data Results ............................................................ 541
Display Options ........................................................ 543
Method.................................................................... 515
Preview
Results ............................................................... 541
Samples Menu ..................................................... 432
Result Data.............................................................. 541
Samples Menu.......................................................... 432
Setup, Results.......................................................... 541
Standard ................................................................. 520
Toolbar ................................................. 123, 430, 439
Topic ...................................................................... 440
Printer
Kit .......................................................................... 117
Maintenance ............................................................ 611
Option....................................................................... 36
Program, Upgrade ......................................................... 94
Properties, Samples Menu............................................. 432
Proportionately Change Size, On-Board Manual................ 437
Pump, Vacuum.............................................................11-8
Purge Flow Flowmeter .................................................... 45
Q
Quadratic
Calibration Curve ...................................................... 710
Curve, Calibrating ..................................................... 710
R
Radial Button, Dialog Box ............................................. 417
Range ........................................................................ 119
Readability ................................................................. 119
Reagent Tube ............................................................... 45
Illustration...................................................... 233, 613
Installation .............................................................. 212
Maintenance .............................................................. 69
Removal ......................................................... 233, 613
Recalculate
Results.................................................................... 530
Samples Menu.......................................................... 432
References, Menu ........................................................ 431
Registration, Security..................................................... 93
Index
S-144DR
1311
Regulator, Specification ................................................ 119

Remove, Reagent Tube ....................................... 233, 613
Reposition, On-Board Manual ........................................ 437
Requirements
Facility .................................................................... 224
Minimum ................................................................. 216
Reset
Balance ..................................................................... 34
Button, Columns....................................................... 422
Resize
Columns .................................................................. 423
On-Board Manual...................................................... 437
Result Data, Print ........................................................ 541
Results
Export..................................................................... 549
Previous Search........................................................ 448
Recalculate .............................................................. 530
S
S-144DR
Cabinet Schematics....................................................12-3
Dimensions .............................................................. 120
Illustration............................................................... 121
Left Side View ...........................................................11-3
Package .................................................................. 114
Right Side View .........................................................11-4
S-144DRPC, Package ................................................... 114
Sample ...................................................................... 420
Add ........................................................................ 420
Delete ..................................................................... 420
Menu ...................................................................... 431
Pane ....................................................................... 419
Size ........................................................................ 119
View Data,............................................................... 535
Samples..................................................................... 420
Menu ...................................................................... 432
Schematics, Cabinet .....................................................12-3
Scientific
Figures Format ......................................................... 428
Notation Format ....................................................... 428
Scroll Bars, Dialog Box ................................................. 417
1312
S-144DR
Index
Search
Advanced Full-Text ................................................... 446
Define Terms ........................................................... 442
Find Topic................................................................ 438
Full-Text.................................................................. 446
Navigation Pane ....................................................... 436
Phrases ................................................................... 443
Previous Results ....................................................... 448
Tab, Shortcuts.......................................................... 450
Titles ...................................................................... 444
Topics ..................................................................... 443
Words ..................................................................... 443
Searches, On-Board Manual .......................................... 442
Security, Registration..................................................... 93
Select, Language, Tools Menu ....................................... 433
Service Parts .............................................................. 103
Set
Data Output Parameters .............................................. 35
Setup
Export..................................................................... 223
Import .................................................................... 221
Information ............................................................. 221
Shipping Weight .......................................................... 120
Shortcut
Keys .............................................................. 415, 449
Menu Commands ...................................................... 451
Shortcuts ................................................................... 449
Show, Navigation Pane................................................. 436
Size, Change, On-Board Manual..................................... 437
Sliding Door
Illustration............................................................... 232
Installation .............................................................. 211
Software
Installation .............................................................. 219
Kit .......................................................................... 116
Overview ........................................................ 219, 414
Start Up .................................................................. 220
Upgrade .................................................................... 94
Specifications.............................................................. 119
Spreadsheet ............................................................... 419
Index
S-144DR
1313
Standards .................................................................. 518

Add ........................................................................ 518
Delete ..................................................................... 521
Print ....................................................................... 520
Toolbar .......................................................... 123, 430
Tools Menu .............................................................. 433
Start Up, Software....................................................... 220
Static......................................................................... 112
Status Bar
Use......................................................................... 429
View Menu ............................................................... 433
Stop
Bits
Balance ....................................................... 123, 47
Data Transmit ............................................ 123, 410
Toolbar .......................................................... 123, 430
Sulfur
Area, Columns.......................................................... 123
Columns ......................................................... 123, 424
IR Cell
High....................................................................11-6
Low ....................................................................11-7
Peak, Columns ................................................ 123, 424
Tab
High................................................................... 540
Low ................................................................... 540
Time, Columns ................................................ 123, 424
T
Tabs, Dialog Box ......................................................... 417
Temperature
Adjust Furnace ......................................................... 453
Calibrate Furnace...................................................... 412
Oven, Adjust .............................................................. 97
Set Furnace ............................................................. 411
Terms, Search ............................................................ 442
Text
Boxes, Dialog Box ..................................................... 417
Enter ...................................................................... 421
Theory of Operation ....................................................... 73
Title, Search ............................................................... 444
Toolbar
Button Definitions ..................................................... 430
Find Topics .............................................................. 439
Use......................................................................... 430
View Menu ............................................................... 433
1314
S-144DR
Index
Tools, Menu ....................................................... 431, 433

Topic
Copy....................................................................... 439
Find ........................................................................ 438
Print ....................................................................... 440
Search .................................................................... 443
Topics
Favorites ................................................................. 441
Highlight Words ........................................................ 444
On-Board Manual...................................................... 438
Transmit
Data ....................................................................... 548
Parameters ........................................................... 48
Samples Menu.......................................................... 432
Tube, Reagent
Illustration............................................................... 613
Installation ..................................................... 212, 233
Maintenance .............................................................. 69
Removal .................................................................. 233
U
Upgrade, Software......................................................... 94
USB
Cable Installation...................................................... 217
Interface Card Installation.......................................... 104
Use
Dialog Boxes ............................................................ 416
Help........................................................................ 418
Mouse ..................................................................... 415
On-Board Manual...................................................... 434
Status Bar ............................................................... 429
Toolbar ................................................................... 430
User-Defined Field ....................................................... 531
Add ........................................................................ 531
Delete ..................................................................... 534
User-Defined Fields...................................................... 423
V
Vacuum Pump..............................................................11-8
Validate Database........................................................ 551
Tools Menu .............................................................. 433
View
IR Cell Data ............................................................. 537
Menu ...................................................................... 433
Sample Data ............................................................ 535
Index
S-144DR
1315
W
Warning Symbols ........................................................ 110
Warranty...................................................................... 18
Weight
Columns ......................................................... 124, 424
Specifications .......................................................... 120
What's This
Help Menu ............................................................... 433
Toolbar .......................................................... 124, 430
Width, On-Board Manual............................................... 437
Window, Main Software ................................................ 414
Wiring Diagram ........................................................... 226
Word
Highlight ................................................................. 444
Search .................................................................... 443
Similar to Search Term .............................................. 445
1316
S-144DR
Index
Index
S-144DR
1317

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S-144DR

Dual Range Sulfur

3000 Lakeview Avenue St. Joseph, MI 49085-2396

This page intentionally left blank.

Ground Strap Installation .................................................. 218

Validate Database ............................................................ 552

Illustrations ..................................................................... 12-2

Warning and Caution Symbols

This symbol indicates a risk of electrical shock.

This symbol indicates a high temperature

This symbol indicates a caution. Refer to the

LECO equipment should be operated only by technically

DefinitionsJumps to a list of definitions pertaining to the

ExampleAn example for the current topic will appear in a

IllustrationJumps to an illustration designed to give visual

View ScreenA screen shot will appear in a pop-up screen to

Related TopicsA dialog box will appear in a pop-up screen

Interference to Other Devices

Reorient or relocate the radio or television receiving

Increase the separation between the equipment and the

Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different

Consult the radio or television dealer or an experienced

Items listed below are repeated throughout this manual and

For a complete listing of kits and packages, see Components

S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer

Hazardous Material Pack

S-144DR Dual Range Sulfur Analyzer

Hazardous Material Pack

15" Color Monitor

For kit contents, refer to Components and Accessories List,

Refer to Service Parts, page 103, for service items part

DeskJet Printer Kit

Balance Kit (4 place)

Components and Accessories

606-000-071 Component Pack

Screw & Spacer Assembly

Heating Element Clamp

Front Insulator (Lower)

Heating Element (4 sets)

T-Clamp Tool Expansion

Upper Door Guide

Inner Combustion Tube

Front Insulator (Upper)

Stepped Ceramic Stop

Outer Combustion Tube

USB Cable Assembly

Receptacle (30A, 125/250V)

607-755 Hazardous Material Pack*

Anhydrone 10-20 mesh (1 lb)

616-079 Accessory Pack

Zinc Sulfide Sample 30%

Coal Sulfur RM Standard 100%

Glass Accelerator Scoop

Collection Tube Brush

Glass Wool (0.50 lb)

620-630-110 DeskJet Printer Kit

Parallel Printer Cable

686-227-2GH PC Tower Kit

789-431 Accessory Pack

Glass Wool (1 lb)

Anhydrone 10-20 (1 lb)

Inner Combustion Tube

Ceramic Stepped Stop