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OptionalSQLiteTutorial
SinceSunshinewillbeusingaSQLitedatabasetostoreweatherdata,youshouldhaveabasicunderstandingofSQLiteanditscommandsbeforecontinuingthislesson.
ThisisanoptionalexerciseforanyonenewtoSQLdatabasesoranyoneinneedofarefresher.

Introduction
SQLiteisarelationaldatabasemanagementsystem,whichisanimplementationofSQL(StructuredQueryLanguage).ItcomespackagedwiththeAndroidOSasaC++
librarysothatappscanhaveprivatedatabases.SQLcanbeusedtocreate,searchandmaintaindatabases.Inthistutorial,youwilllearnaboutthesyntaxandusageof
SQLandseehowtocreateandmanageasmalldatabaseonyourcomputer.ThecommandsyoulearnherearesimilartotheSQLcommandsyouwillwriteforyour
Sunshineapp,inordertostoreandretrieveweatherdatafromaSQLitedatabase.

GetSQLite
1. DownloadtheSQLitecommandlineshellandinstall.Youcanfollowthistutorialorgodirectlytohttp://sqlite.org/download.html
2. Openterminalandnavigatetoafolderofyourchoicewhereyouwillsaveyourdatabase.Createanewdatabasefilecalledsunshine.dbandstarttheSQLiteshell
(whichwillrecognizeyourSQLcommands)bytyping:
sqlite3sunshine.db

3. Foralistofallcommands:
.help

4. Oneofthecommandsistolistoutalldatabases.Itshoulddisplayonedatabasecalledmainandthefilelocationonyourcomputerforsunshine.db.
.databases

Inanapp,youcanhavemultipledatabases.OurSunshineappwillonlyhaveasingledatabase,andthatdatabasecancontainmultipletables.

CreateADatabaseTable
1. Atableisacollectionofrowsandcolumnslikeaspreadsheet.UsetheCREATETABLEstatementtocreateanewdatabasetablecalledweather.Eachrowwillbe
onedaysworthofweatherdata.Itshouldhave6columnsofdata:ID,date,mintemperature,maxtemperature,humidity,andpressure.
IntheCREATETABLEstatement,eachcolumndefinitionisseparatedbycommas,whereyouprovidethecolumnnameanddatatypeforthatcolumn.Wealsospecify
thatthecolumnshouldbenonnull.Wespecifythe_idcolumntobetheprimarykeyanditsaninteger.
CREATETABLEweather(_idINTEGERPRIMARYKEY,dateTEXTNOTNULL,minREALNOTNULL,maxREALNOTNULL,humidityREALNOTNULL,pressureREALNOTNULL);

ThelistofpossibleSQLitedatatypesisausefulresource,oryoucanseethistutorial.
Note:SQLitekeywords,suchasCREATETABLEorPRIMARYKEY,arecapitalizedforeaseofreadabilitytodistinguishthemfromthetableandcolumnnamesthat
weveselected,butyoucanlowercasethekeywordsifyouwant.
Note:ThisisnotthefulltableyoullbeusinginSunshine,thisisjustasimplerversionofthetable.
2. Usethiscommandtolistoutalltables.Ensurethattheweathertablewascreated.
.tables

3. UseaSELECTstatementtoreturnoutallrowsintheweathertable.The*isasymbolthatmeansallofthecolumns.Atthistime,nothingwillbereturnedbecause
thetableiscreated,butthereisnodatainthetableyet.
SELECT*FROMweather;

4. Atanypoint,youcanfindouttheschemaofhowthetableswerecreatedinthedatabase
.schema

Insertrows
1. UseanINSERTstatementtoinsertanewrowofdataintotheweathertable.ThefollowingINSERTstatementinsertsarowintotheweathertableforJune25th,2014,
whichhadalowof16degrees,ahighof20degrees,0humidityand1029pressure.The_idofthisrowis1.
INSERTINTOweatherVALUES(1,'20140625',16,20,0,1029);

2. Queryforallrowsintheweathertable,andyoushouldseetheonerowofdatayoujustinserted.
SELECT*FROMweather;

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3. Tohavethecolumnnamebeprintedoutaswell(foreasierreadabilityastowhatvaluecorrespondstowhichcolumn),turntheheaderon.Thendothequeryagain.
.headeron
SELECT*FROMweather;

4. Experimentbyinsertinganother3rowsofdataintotheweather

table. INSERTINTOweatherVALUES(2,'20140626',17,21,0,1031); INSERTINTOweatherVALUES(3,'20140627',18,22,0,1055); INSERTINTOweatherVALUES(4,'20140628',18,21

Queryforallrowstoverifytheywereinsertedproperly.
SELECT*FROMweather;

Queryrows
1. PracticedoingquerieswhereyouprovideaselectionWHEREclausetonarrowdownthenumberofrowsthatarereturnedintheresult.Alwaysrememberthe
semicolonattheendofastatement!
ForallpossibleSQLiteoperators,seethislink.
Thisqueryreturnsrowsfromtheweathertablewherethedatecolumnexactlyequalsthe20140626.
SELECT*FROMweatherWHEREdate==20140626;

2. Thisqueryreturnsrowsfromtheweathertablewherethedatecolumnisbetween20140625and20140628.However,allcolumnsarenotreturned,wejustreturnthe
4specifiedcolumns(_id,date,min,andmax)oftherowsthatmatchthequery.
SELECT_id,date,min,maxFROMweatherWHEREdate>20140625ANDdate<20140628;

3. Thisqueryreturnsrowswheretheminimumtemperatureisgreaterthanorequalto18.Basedonthosematchingrows,weorderthembasedonincreasing(also
knownasascendingorASCforshort)maxtemperature.Thefirstrowoftheresultthatisprintedouttothecommandlinewillbetherow(withmintemperature>=
18)withmaxtemperaturethatislowestoutofallrows,sothatsubsequentrowswillhavehighermaxtemperature.
SELECT*FROMweatherWHEREmin>=18ORDERBYmaxASC;

Updaterows
1. YoucanalsoupdateexistingrowsinthedatabasewithanUPDATEstatement.Thisstatementupdatestheweathertablebysettingtheminimumtemperaturetobe0
andmaximumtemperaturetobe100forrowswherethedateisgreaterthan20140626butlessthan20140627.
UPDATEweatherSETmin=0,max=100wheredate>=20140626ANDdate<=20140627;

Whenyouprintoutthewholeweathertableagain,youcanseethat2rowswerechanged.
SELECT*FROMweather;

Deleterows
1. UseaDELETEstatementtodeleterowsfromadatabasetablethatmatchthegivenselectionclause.Inthiscase,wedeleteanyrowsfromtheweathertablewhere
humidityisnotequalto0.
DELETEFROMweatherWHEREhumidity!=0;

Addcolumns
1. Ifyouhavereleasedaversionofyourapptousers,andthendecideyouneedtochangethedatabaseschema,suchasaddingcolumns,thenyoullneedtoupgrade
yourdatabase.Youcanalterexistingtables,byusingtheALTERTABLEcommand.
Note:Ingeneral,youshouldntalteratabletoremoveacolumnbecauseyouredeletingdataandothertablescoulddependonthatcolumn.Insteadyoucanjustnull
outallvaluesinthatcolumn.
Thisstatementalterstheweathertablebyaddinganothercolumntothetablecalleddescription,whichwillalwaysbenonnullandcontaintext.Itwillalsodefaultto
thevalueSunnyifnovalueisprovided.Inreality,youwouldchooseamorereasonabledefault,butthisisjustforexamplepurposes.
ALTERTABLEweatherADDCOLUMNdescriptionTEXTNOTNULLDEFAULT'Sunny';

Verifythatthenewdescriptioncolumnexistswhenyouqueryallrowsandallcolumns.
SELECT*FROMweather;

Deletetable
1. DeletetheweathertablebyusingtheDROPTABLEcommand.Verifytherearenomoretablesinthedatabase.

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DROPTABLEweather;
.tables

Thesearejustthebasics.FeelfreetoplayaroundwithSQLitesomemore.Seethislink:http://www.sqlite.org/cli.html
Whenyouredone,enter .quit toexit,andyoucanmoveontothequizonthenextpage!

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