Experiment No : 10

To determine the characteristics of a Pelton Wheel

Objectives :
( a ) To get familiar with the working of pelton wheel.
( b ) to determine certain characteristics of pelton wheel.

Theory Background :
Pelton Wheel or turbine :
The Pelton wheel or turbine patented by Pelton in 1889.
It is an impulse turbine.
It is an axial flow turbine.
It works under high head and low specific speed.

Working :

The most commonly used impulse turbine is the Pelton wheel. The Pelton wheel turbine consists
of a wheel like runner (rotor) with spoon
shaped buckets around the circumference
of the wheel. Water from a high level is
discharged through a stationary nozzle
(or nozzles) and emerges as a high speed
jet. The initial potential (or gravitational)
energy of the water is thus converted into
kinetic (or motion) energy of the jet .
The water jet is directed at the buckets,
and its impulse causes the runner to rotate
about its axis (or shaft). The buckets have
a central ridge which improves the operation by splitting the jet into two streams. The speed of
the turbine can be changed by varying the
size of the water jet.

Run away speed :

run away speed of a turbine is the speed of turbine when the load is zero.

Tachometer :

it is a device to find the number of revolutions per minute.

Experimental Procedure :
first of all place the pelton wheel apparatus on the hydraulic bench.
Connect the inlet of the pelton wheel to the sump supply and place the
apparatus in such a way that the discharged water from the pelton wheel discharges into
volumetric tank.
Now assume that the penstock is so large that its velocity is so small so we neglect the
term

v2
2g

Syed Ghulam Abbas Anjum

 Now there is a gauge attached to the inlet of the pelton wheel apparatus this gauge gives
us the value of h. so
Velocity coming out of the nozzle = C v = ( 2gh)
1 kg /cm2 = 10m of water
Now calculate the torque produced by the formula

(T 1 T 2 ) ( radius of pulley ) = Torque produced

contact dia of pulley = 61mm
so
0.061
Torque produced = ( T 1 T 2 )(
) N m
2
Torque produced = ( T 1 T 2 )(0.0305) N m

Dynamo-meter :
it is a device used to measure the shaft power.
It consists of Spring balances+belt and pulley+Tachometer
now the angular velocity can be find out by the formula

= 2

N
60

Note : the input power of the pelton whee always remains the same. The input power changes
only when we change the discharge through the jet.

Input power = Q g h
we can get overall efficiency rather than absolute efficiency because there are bearing
that reduces the efficiency.

Observation and Calculations :

Discharge Q
Input power = Q g h
Initi Fina Tim
Q
al
l
e
m3/s
leve leve
ec
l
l

Head at
nozzle (m)
of water
(h)

Input Power
= Pth watts

Shaft power
Tight
side
tensi
on=T1

Slag
N Torqu W=
Shaft Efficien
side RPM e=0.0 0.104 power cy=P0/Pt
tensi
305(T 7*N =Po =Tw
h
on=T
watts
1-T2)
2

11.69

5.17

11.9

5.26

0.125 87.42
1

10.94

4.8

880

0.106 92.14
8

9.84

4.3

950

0.085 99.47
4

8.49

3.7

1330 0.000 139.2

0
5

17

0.00
047

5m

225.92

6.1N

600

0.186 62.82
1

17

0.00
047

5m

225.92

5N

745

0.152
5

17

0.00
047

5m

225.92

4.1N

835

17

0.00
047

5m

225.92

3.5N

17

0.00
047

5m

225.92

2.8N

17

0.00
047

5m

225.92

Syed Ghulam Abbas Anjum

78

Graph Between N and Shaft Power

14.00
12.00

60

1
0,

1.6

90

5,
74

11

.90

83

1
5,

Shaft Power

10.00

0.9

40

0,
88

9. 8

40

8
0,
95

. 49

8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00

30
13

0.00
500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

,0

.00

1300

1400

N RPM

Torque

Graph Between N and Torque

0.2
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
500

86
, 0. 1
60 0

745

, 0. 1

53
25
, 0.1
835
07
, 0.1
880
85
, 0. 0
950

133

600

700

800

900

1000

N RPM

Results and Conclusions :

our objectives
( a ) To get familiar with the working of pelton wheel.
( b ) to determine certain characteristics of pelton wheel.
Are successfully achieved.

Syed Ghulam Abbas Anjum

1100

1200

0, 0

1300

. 000

1400