Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Terms
branch: a large and fundamental division within
a religion
denomination: is a division of a branch that
unites a number of local congregations in a
single legal and administrative body
sect: a relative small group that has broken
away from an established branch/denomination
heretic: one who disagrees with church doctrine
Universalizing
In general
vs.
Ethnic Religions
Diffusion
God = nature
incorporates events from
phys. environment
precise origins/hearth,
tied to a specific founder
usually widespread
World Religions
Universalizing
Major
Christianity (1)
Islam (2)
Buddhism
Minor
Sikhism
Bah
Ethnic
Hinduism (3)
Chinese folk religions
Confucianism
Daoism
Shinto
Judaism
Ethnic African religions
Animism
Christianity
Christianity
Figure 6-3
Figure 6-2
Therefore,
Strong regional clustering of black and white southerners
Lack of in-migration (due to little industrialization) maintains
homogeneity of baptists
Figure 6-2
Catholics
Figure 6-2
Figure 6-2
Origin of Christianity
Hearth
Holy Land,
Israel/Palestine,
Jerusalem
Founder: Jesus
Jewish sect
Diaspora spreads Jews
Roman Empire
Eventually transforms
into separate religion
St. Paul Gentiles
sect of Ethnic Judaism
Universalizing
To Europe
Diffusion of
Christianity
Roman Empire
relocation
missionaries
contagious to pagans
Hierarchical
Conversion of those in
authority
Global
Secondary hearths
Roman Catholicism =
Rome/Vatican City
Orthodox =
Constantinople/Istanbul
Protestantism = Germany
Relocation
Imperialism/migration
Golgotha (Calvary)
Holy Sepulchre
Via Dolorosa
Gethsemane
Bethlehem (birth)
Nazareth (childhood)
Later sites associated
with saints and miracles
Examples
Lourdes, France
Fatima, Portugal
Christian Holy
Places
Christian
Churches
more critical than in other religions
affects landscape
Tall, centrally located
Style reflects
cultural influences
Orthodox = pointed domes
Beliefs
Protestant = simple
Christianity
Disposal of the Dead
Calendar
Relate to life of Jesus
Burial
Easter
Christmas
Church yard
Feet toward Jerusalem
Administration of space
Islam
Medina
Muhammads tomb
Islam
Calendar
Strict lunar calendar
30 year cycle
19 years = 354 days
11 years = 355 days
Holidays shift annually
Places of Worship
Mosque
Community centers
Courtyard surrounded
by buildings for
different functions
Pulpit faces Mecca
Minarets
muezzin calls to
prayer
Other distinctive traits
Calligraphy
arabesques
Buddhism
About 400 million adherents
difficult to quantify due to syncretism
the combination of different beliefs
Three branches
Mahayana (56%) (China, Japan, Korea)
Theravada/Hinayana (38%) (Southeast Asia)
Tantrayana/Vajrayana (6%) (Tibet, Mongolia)
Siddhartha Gautama
NE India/Nepal
500s BCE
Becomes the Buddha
The awakened one
Emperor Asoka
converts to Buddhism
sends missionaries (mid 200s BCE)
Traveled along silk road to China
Becomes Chinese
Diffuses further (bodhisattvas)
Deer Park
1st sermon
d. Kusinagara
4 other miracle sites
Origin
Distribution
/Diffusion
Calendar
Holy
Places/
Houses of
Worship
Main idea
(incl.
prophet/fou
nder etc.)
Sikhism
Bah
23 million
7 million
Lahore, Pakistan
Shiraz, Iran
19 months of 19 days