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Dumbo
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Dumbo
Dumbo-1941-poster.jpg
Original 1941 release poster
Directed by
Supervising director:
Ben Sharpsteen
Sequence directors:
Norman Ferguson
Wilfred Jackson
Bill Roberts
Jack Kinney
Samuel Armstrong
Produced by
Walt Disney
Story by
Otto Englander
Joe Grant
Dick Huemer
Based on
Dumbo
by Helen Aberson
Harold Pearl
Starring
Edward Brophy
Herman Bing
Margaret Wright
Sterling Holloway
Verna Felton
Cliff Edwards
Narrated by
John McLeish
Music by
Frank Churchill
Oliver Wallace
Production
company
Walt Disney Productions
Distributed by RKO Radio Pictures
Release dates
October 23, 1941 (New York City)[1]
October 31, 1941 (U.S.)
Running time
64 minutes
Country United States
Language
English
Budget $950,000[2]
Box office
$1.6 million[3]
Dumbo is an American animated film produced by Walt Disney Productions and premi
ered on October 23, 1941, by RKO Radio Pictures. Sound was recorded conventional
ly using the RCA System. One voice was synthesized using the Sonovox system, but
it, too, was recorded using the RCA System.
Dumbo, the fourth animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series,
is based upon the storyline written by Helen Aberson and illustrated by Harold P
earl for the prototype of a novelty toy ("Roll-a-Book").[4] The main character i
s Jumbo Jr., a semi-anthropomorphic elephant who is cruelly nicknamed "Dumbo". H
e is ridiculed for his big ears, but in fact he is capable of flying by using hi
s ears as wings. Throughout most of the film, his only true friend, aside from h

is mother, is the mouse, Timothy a relationship parodying the stereotypical anim

osity between mice and elephants.
Dumbo was made to recoup the financial losses of Fantasia[citation needed]. It w
as a deliberate pursuit of simplicity and economy for the Disney studio, and at
64 minutes, it is one of Disney's shortest animated features.
Contents [hide]
1
Plot
2
Voice cast
3
Production
3.1
Development
3.2
Casting
3.3
Animation
3.4
Disney strike
3.5
Distribution
3.6
Songs and performers
3.7
Contemporaneous references
4
Release
4.1
Box office
4.2
Critical reception
4.3
Television broadcast
4.4
Home video
5
Awards and nominations
6
Legacy
6.1
Lists
7
Controversy
8
Media and merchandise
8.1
Dumbo's Circus
8.2
Books
8.3
Theme parks
8.4
Video games
8.5
Cancelled sequel
8.6
Live-action remake
8.7
In other films
9
See also
10
Sources
11
References
12
External links
Plot
A flock of storks deliver babies while circus animals are being transported by t
rain from their winter quarters. Mrs. Jumbo, one of the elephants, receives her
baby who is soon tormented by the other (female) elephants because of his large
ears, and they nickname him "Dumbo".
Once the circus is assembled, Mrs. Jumbo loses her temper
tormenting Dumbo, and is locked up and deemed mad. Dumbo
r elephants and with no mother to care for him, he is now
e, who feels sympathy for Dumbo and becomes determined to
appoints himself as Dumbo's mentor and protector.

at a group of boys for

is shunned by the othe
alone. Timothy Q. Mous
make him happy again,

The circus director makes Dumbo the top of an elephant pyramid stunt, but Dumbo
trips over his ears and misses his target, injuring the other elephants and brin
ging down the big top. Dumbo is made a clown as a result, and plays the main rol
e in an act that involves him falling into a vat of pie filling. Despite his new
found popularity and fame, Dumbo dislikes this job and is now more miserable tha
n ever.
To cheer Dumbo up, Timothy takes him to visit his mother. On the way back, Dumbo
cries and then starts to hiccup, so Timothy takes him for a drink of water from

a bucket which, unknown to them, has accidentally had a bottle of champagne kno
cked into it. As a result, Dumbo and Timothy both become drunk and see hallucina
tions of pink elephants.
The next morning, Dumbo and Timothy wake up in a tree. Timothy wonders how they
got up in the tree, and concludes that Dumbo flew up there using his large ears
as wings. With the help from a group of crows, Timothy is able to get Dumbo to f
ly again, using a psychological trick of a "magic feather" to boost his confiden
ce.
Back at the circus, Dumbo performs a stunt which involves jumping from a high bu
ilding, this time, from a much higher platform. On the way down, Dumbo loses the
feather; Timothy quickly tells him that the feather was never magical, and that
he is still able to fly. Dumbo is able to pull out of the dive and flies around
the circus, finally striking back at his tormentors as a stunned audience looks
on in amazement.
After this performance, Dumbo becomes a media sensation, Timothy becomes his man
ager, and Dumbo and Mrs. Jumbo are given a private car on the circus train.
Voice cast
The voice actors are uncredited for their roles in the film.
The title character is Dumbo, the nickname given to Jumbo Jr. He is an elephant
who has huge ears and is able to use them to fly, carrying what he thinks of as
a magic feather. Like Dopey in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Gideon in Pin
occhio, Dumbo does not have a spoken dialogue.
Edward Brophy as Timothy Q. Mouse, an anthropomorphic mouse who becomes the only
friend of Dumbo after his mother is locked up and does his best to make Dumbo h
appy again. He teaches Dumbo how to become the "ninth wonder of the universe", a
nd the only flying elephant in the whole world. He is never mentioned by name in
the film, but his signature can be read on the contract in a newspaper photogra
ph at the finale.
Verna Felton as Elephant Matriarch, the well-meaning but pompous leader of the e
lephants who is initially cold towards Dumbo. Felton also voices Mrs. Jumbo, Dum
bo's mother, who speaks only once in the film to give Dumbo's name.
Cliff Edwards as Jim Crow, the leader of a group of crows. Though he initially t
eases Dumbo about his big ears and ridicules Timothy's idea that Dumbo can fly,
he hears Dumbo's tragic history and becomes determined to help Dumbo fly for rea
l.
Herman Bing as The Ringmaster, who though not truly evil is a strict and occasio
nally arrogant man. The Ringmaster later appears as a villain in the video game
Disney's Villains' Revenge.
Margaret Wright as Casey Junior, the sentient tender engine hauling the circus t
rain. Casey Junior has a 2-4-0 wheel arrangement, a small four-wheeled tender at
the back, a big tall funnel, a little lamp hat, a short stumpy boiler, a short
stumpy dome with a whistle on the top and a small cowcatcher at his front.
Sterling Holloway as Mr. Stork
The Hall Johnson Choir as Crow Chorus
The King's Men as Roustabout Chorus
Noreen Gammill as Elephant Catty
Dorothy Scott as Elephant Giddy
Sarah Selby as Elephant Prissy
Malcolm Hutton as Skinny
Billy Bletcher as Clown
John McLeish as the narrator
Production
Development
Dumbo is based upon a children's story written by Helen Aberson and illustrated
by Harold Pearl that was prepared to demonstrate the prototype of a toy storytel

ling display device called Roll-A-Book, which was similar in principle to a pano
rama. It involved only eight drawings and just a few lines of text, and had Red
Robin as Dumbo's ally instead of Timothy Mouse.
Dumbo was first brought to the attention of Walt Disney in late 1939 by Disney's
head of merchandise licensing Kay Kamen, who showed a prototype of the Roll-A-B
ook that included Dumbo. Disney immediately grasped its possibilities and heartw
arming story and purchased the rights to it.[5]
Originally it was intended to be a short film; however, Disney soon found that t
he only way to do justice to the book was to make it feature-length.[6] At the t
ime, the Disney Studio was in serious financial trouble due to the war in Europe
, which caused Pinocchio and Fantasia to fail at the box office, with the result
that Dumbo was intended to be a low-budget feature designed to bring revenue to
the studio.[7] Storymen Dick Huemer and Joe Grant were the primary figures in d
eveloping the plot. They wrote the script in chapters, much like a book, an unus
ual way of writing a film script. Regardless of this, very little was changed fr
om the original draft.[8]
Casting
None of the voice actors for Dumbo received screen credit, much like in Snow Whi
te and Pinocchio. Timothy Mouse was voiced by Edward Brophy, a character actor k
nown for portraying gangsters. He has no other known animation voice credit. The
pompous matriarch of the elephants was voiced by Verna Felton, who also played
the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella, the Queen of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland, a
nd Flora of the Three Good Fairies in Sleeping Beauty. Other voice actors includ
e the perennial Sterling Holloway in appearing as Mr. Stork, Cliff Edwards, bett
er known as the voice of Jiminy Cricket, as Jim Crow, the leader of the crows, a
nd John McLeish, best known for narrating the Goofy "How To" cartoons, providing
the opening narration.
Animation
When the film went into production in early 1941, supervising director Ben Sharp
steen was given orders to keep the film simple and inexpensive. As a result, Dum
bo lacks the lavish detail of the previous three Disney animated features (Fanta
sia, Pinocchio, and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs): character designs are simp
ler, background paintings are less detailed, and a number of held cels (or frame
s) were used in the character animation. Although the film is more "cartoony" th
an previous Disney films the animators brought elephants and other animals into
the studio to study their movement.[6]
Watercolor paint was used to render the backgrounds. Dumbo and Snow White are th
e only two classic Disney features to use the technique, which was regularly emp
loyed for the various Disney cartoon shorts. The other Disney features used oil
paint and gouache. 2002's Lilo & Stitch, which drew influences from Dumbo, also
made use of watercolor backgrounds.[9][10]
The simplicity freed the animators from being overly concerned with detail, and
allowed them to focus on the most important element of character animation: acti
ng. Bill Tytla's animation of Dumbo is today considered one of the greatest acco
mplishments in American animation.[by whom?]
Disney strike
Main article: Disney animators' strike
During the production of Dumbo, Herbert Sorrell leader of the Screen Cartoonists
Guild, demanded Disney sign with his union, rather than the IATSE, which Disney
had already signed. Disney declined saying that he would put it to a vote. Sorr
el again demanded that Disney sign with his union, but Disney once again refused
. On May 29, 1941, shortly after rough animation on Dumbo was complete, much of
the Disney studio staff went on strike. A number of strikers are caricatured in

the feature as clowns who go to "hit the big boss for a raise". The strike laste
d five weeks, and ended the "family" atmosphere and camaraderie at the studio.
Distribution
Completed in fall 1941, Disney's distributor RKO Radio Pictures initially balked
at the film's 64-minute length and wanted Disney to either make it longer, edit
it down to a short subject length, or allow them to release it as a B-movie. Di
sney refused all three options, and RKO reluctantly issued Dumbo, unaltered, as
an A-film.
Songs and performers
"Look Out for Mr. Stork" (The Sportsmen)
"Casey Junior" (The Sportsmen)
"Song of the Roustabouts" (The King's Men)
"Baby Mine" (Betty Noyes)
"The Clown Song" (A.K.A."We're gonna hit the big boss for a raise") (Billy Bletc
her, Eddie Holden and Billy Sheets)
"Pink Elephants on Parade" (The Sportsmen) (preceded by two minutes of music on
soundtrack version)
"When I See an Elephant Fly" (Cliff Edwards and the Hall Johnson Choir)
"When I See an Elephant Fly" (Reprise)
On Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic, "Pink Elephants on Parade" is incl
uded on the green disc, "Baby Mine" is on the purple disc, and "When I See an El
ephant Fly" is on the orange disc. On Disney's Greatest Hits, "Pink Elephants on
Parade" is on the red disc.
Contemporaneous references
Following the aerial montage of Dumbo, there is a newspaper montage. Next to the
picture of the flying elephant, there is the headline "Bombers for Defense". It
is a reference of the national defense during the ongoing World War II. There i
s also a reference to the fireside chats of Franklin D. Roosevelt. [11]
Release
Box office
Despite the advent of World War II, Dumbo was still the most financially success
ful Disney film of the 1940s. After its October 23 release, Dumbo proved to be a
financial miracle compared to other Disney films. The simple film only cost $95
0,000 to produce,[2] half the cost of Snow White, less than a third of the cost
of Pinocchio, and certainly less than the expensive Fantasia. Dumbo eventually g
rossed $1.6 million during its original release; it and Snow White were the only
two pre-1943 Disney features to turn a profit.[3] The film was re-released in t
heaters in 1949, 1959, 1972, and 1976.
Critical reception
Reviews for the film at its initial release were largely positive. Variety said
that Dumbo was "a pleasant little story, plenty of pathos mixed with the large d
oses of humor, a number of appealing new animal characters, lots of good music,
and the usual Disney skillfulness in technique".[12] Cecilia Ager, writing in PM
, called Dumbo "the nicest, kindest Disney yet", and Bosley Crowther, film criti
c for The New York Times, said that the film was "the most genial, the most ende
aring, the most completely precious cartoon feature film ever to emerge from the
magical brushes of Walt Disney's wonder-working artists".[12] TIME responded to
the reception of the film with plans to name the character as its "Mammal of th
e Year" (a play on its annual "Man/Person of the Year" honor), with an appearanc
e on the cover of the magazine's December 29, 1941 edition.[12] However, the att
ack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 of that year shifted the news cycle away from
Dumbo, although the previously planned essay on the film, with a more appropriat
e introduction, appeared in the December 29 issue's "Cinema" section.[12]
Today, the film holds a 97% rating at movie aggregator Rotten Tomatoes.[13] Film

critic Leonard Maltin described it as "One of Walt Disney's most charming anima
ted films".[14] In 2011, TIME named it one of "The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Fil
ms".[15]
Television broadcast
This was one of the first of Disney's animated films to be broadcast, albeit sev
erely edited, on television, as part of Disney's anthology series.
Home video
Dumbo, along with Alice in Wonderland, was the first of Disney's canon of animat
ed films to be released on home video. The film was originally released on June
26, 1981 on VHS and Betamax, followed by a Laserdisc release in June 1982 and th
en once again on VHS and Betamax as part of Walt Disney Classics Video Collectio
n release on December 3, 1985.[citation needed]
The film was then remastered in 1986 and 1989[citation needed] and released on V
HS and Laserdisc as a 50th Anniversary Edition of Dumbo on July 12, 1991[citatio
n needed], followed by an October 28, 1994 VHS and Laserdisc release as a part o
f the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection.[citation needed] In 2001, a 60th Anniv
ersary Special Edition was released in VHS and DVD formats.[16][17][18] In 2006,
a "Big Top Edition" of the film was released on DVD,[19][20][21] followed by a
UK Special Edition release in May 2007.[citation needed]
A 70th Anniversary Edition of the film was released in the United States on Sept
ember 20, 2011.[22][23][24][25] The 70th Anniversary Edition was produced in two
different packages: a 2-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack and a 1-disc DVD.[24][26] T
he film was also released as a movie download.[24] All versions of the 70th Anni
versary Edition contain deleted scenes and several bonus features, including "Ta
king Flight: The Making of Dumbo" and "The Magic of Dumbo: A Ride of Passage," w
hile the 2-disc Blu-ray version additionally includes games, animated shorts, an
d several exclusive features.[24][27][28][29]
Awards and nominations
Dumbo won the 1941 Academy Award for Original Music Score, awarded to musical di
rectors Frank Churchill and Oliver Wallace. Churchill and lyricist Ned Washingto
n were also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song for "Baby Mine" (the s
ong that plays during Dumbo's visit to his mother's cell), but did not win for t
his category.[30] The film also won Best Animation Design at the 1947 Cannes Fil
m Festival.
Year
Ceremony
Award Result[31]
1941
Academy Awards Best Scoring of a Musical Picture
Won
Best Original Song
(For the song "Baby Mine")
Nominated
1947
Cannes Film Festival
Best Animation Design Won
Legacy
Lists
American Film Institute Lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
Baby Mine Nominated[32]
AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals - Nominated[33]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers - Nominated[34]
AFI's 10 Top 10 - Nominated Animated Film[35]
Controversy
Writer Richard Schickel charged that the crow characters in the film are African
-American stereotypes in his book, The Disney Version (1968). The leader crow, p
layed by Cliff Edwards, was originally named "Jim Crow" for script purposes. How
ever, all of the other crows were voiced by African-American actors, who were al
l members of the popular all-black Hall Johnson Choir. Despite suggestions by wr
iters such as Schickel who have criticized the portrayal as racist,[36] other wr

iters have rejected these claims.[37] Defenders note that the crows form the maj
ority of the characters in the movie who are sympathetic to Dumbo's plight, that
they are free spirits who bow to no one, and that they are intelligent characte
rs aware of the power of self-confidence, unlike the Stepin Fetchit stereotype c
ommon in the previous decade. Furthermore, the crows' song "When I See An Elepha
nt Fly", which uses intricate wordplay in the lyrics, is oriented more toward mo
cking Timothy Mouse than Dumbo's large ears.
Media and merchandise
Dumbo's Circus
Main article: Dumbo's Circus
Dumbo's Circus was a live-action/puppet television series for preschool audience
s that aired on The Disney Channel in the 1980s. Unlike in the film, Dumbo spoke
on the show. Each character would perform a special act, which ranged from danc
ing and singing to telling knock knock jokes.
Books
Walt Disney's Dumbo: Happy to Help: (ISBN 0-7364-1129-1) A picture book Disney P
ress by Random House Disney, written by Liane Onish and illustrated by Peter Ems
lie. It was published January 23, 2001. This paperback is for children age 4-8.
Twenty-four pages long, its 0.08 inches thick, and with cover dimensions of 7.88
x 7.88 inches.
Walt Disney's Dumbo Book of Opposites: (ISBN 0-307-06149-3) A book published in
August 1997 by Golden Books under the Golden Board Book brand. It was written by
Alan Benjamin, illustrated by Peter Emslie, and edited by Heather Lowenberg. Tw
elve pages long and a quarter of an inch thick, this board edition book had dime
nsions of 7.25 x 6.00 inches.
Walt Disney's Dumbo the Circus Baby: (ISBN 0-307-12397-9) A book published in Se
ptember 1993 by Golden Press under the A Golden Sturdy Shape Book brand. Illustr
ated by Peter Emslie and written by Diane Muldrow, this book is meant for babies
and preschoolers. Twelve pages long and half an inch thick, this book's cover s
ize is 9.75 x 6.25 inches.
Theme parks
Dumbo the Flying Elephant is a popular ride that appears in Walt Disney World's
Magic Kingdom,[38] Disneyland,[39] Tokyo Disneyland,[40] Disneyland Park (Paris)
, and Hong Kong Disneyland.[41]
The Casey Jr. Circus Train is an attraction found at Disneyland and Disneyland P
aris.
In June 2009, Disneyland introduced a flying Dumbo to their nighttime fireworks
show, in which the elephant flies around Sleeping Beauty Castle while fireworks
synched to music go off.[42]
Casey Junior is the second float in the Main Street Electrical Parade and its ve
rsions. Casey, driven by Goofy, pulls a drum with the parade logo and Mickey Mou
se and Minnie Mouse.
Video games
Dumbo appears in the popular PlayStation 2 game Kingdom Hearts in the form of a
summon that the player can call upon in battle for aid. Sora, the protagonist, f
lies on him and Dumbo splashes enemies with water from his trunk.[43]
The Ringmaster appears as one of four villains that in Disney's Villains' Reveng
e. In the game, the Disney Villains alter the happy endings from Jiminy Cricket'
s book; in particular, the Ringmaster forces Dumbo to endlessly perform humiliat
ing stunts in his circus. In the end, the Ringmaster is defeated when he is knoc
ked unconscious by a well-aimed custard pie.
Cancelled sequel

In 2001, the "60th Anniversary Edition" DVD of Dumbo featured a sneak peek of th
e proposed sequel Dumbo II, including new character designs and storyboards. Rob
ert C. Ramirez (Joseph: King of Dreams) was to direct the sequel, in which Dumbo
and his circus friends navigated a large city after being left behind by their
traveling circus. Dumbo II also sought to explain what happened to Dumbo's fathe
r, Mr. Jumbo. Dumbo's circus friends included the chaotic twin bears Claude and
Lolly, the curious zebra Dot, the older, independent hippo Godfry, and the adven
turous ostrich Penny. The animals were metaphors for the different stages of chi
ldhood.[44] Dumbo II was supposed to be set on the day immediately following the
end of the first Dumbo movie.[45] John Lasseter cancelled Dumbo II,[44] soon af
ter being named Chief Creative Officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios in 2006.
[46]
Live-action remake
On July 8, 2014, it was announced that a live-action remake of Dumbo was in deve
lopment. Ehren Kruger was confirmed as the screenwriter, and Justin Springer wil
l serve as the producer along with Kruger.[47] On March 10, 2015, Tim Burton was
announced as the director.[48][49]
In other films
In Steven Spielberg's comedy 1941 (1979), Major General Joseph W. Stilwell is po
rtrayed as attending a showing of Dumbo at a Hollywood Boulevard theater (Stilwe
ll had remarked in his memoirs that viewing Dumbo in 1941 was one his happier mo
ments during WWII). Two sequences from Dumbo are seen being projected in the cin
ema: "Baby Mine" and "When I See an Elephant Fly."
Dumbo makes a cameo in The Great Mouse Detective (1986) as a bubble-blowing toy,
said toy being patterned after the scene when Dumbo and Timothy were intoxicate
d.
Dumbo and Casey Junior make cameos in Disney (and Amblin's) live-action/animated
film Who Framed Roger Rabbit Dumbo is portrayed as being on loan from Disney to
R.K. Maroon's production company, while Casey Junior is seen during the final s
cene of the film.
In Bonkers, Dumbo makes an appearance in the episode "Of Mice and Menace" in whi
ch an elephant named Flaps serves as his rival.
In A Bug's Life (1998), (made by Pixar and Disney), the wagons that transport P.
T. Flea's Circus are empty boxes of "Casey Jr. Cookies" named after the train i
n this film that transports the circus (and a play on the boxes of Barnum's Anim
als Crackers, which also have a circus motif).
See also
Portal icon
Disney portal
Portal icon
Film portal
Portal icon
Animation portal
Roles of mothers in Disney media
Sources
Shull, Michael S.; Wilt, David E. (2004). "Filmography 1941". Doing Their Bit: W
artime American Animated Short Films, 1939-1945. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0
786481699.
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: DisneyToon Studios tunes out Sharon Morrill". JimHillMedia.com. Retrieved Janu
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Jump up ^ Kits, Borys (July 8, 2014). "Live-Action 'Dumbo' in the Works From 'Tr
ansformers' Writer". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Fritz, Ben (March 10, 2015). "Tim Burton to Direct Live-Action Dumbo for
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Jump up ^ Ford, Rebecca (March 10, 2015). "Tim Burton to Direct Live-Action Dum
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