Types of Yarn | Characteristics of Yarn

Textile Yarn:
A textile yarn is an assembly of substantial length and relatively small cross section of
fibers and/or filaments with or without twist.
Spin-staple yarns consist of staple fibers assembled and bound together by various
means (usually twist) to produce the required characteristics such as strength, handle
and appearance .

Yarn
Continuous filament yarns are produced either by combining the required number of
filaments together or, more commonly, by producing the required number of filaments
and thickness of filaments simultaneously in one spinning operation, as in the case
of man-made fibers.

Physical properties and performance characteristics

of different yarns:
Yarn type

General yarn properties

Staple yarns :
Carded cotton,Combed cotton
Woollen,Worsted,Linen

Excellent handle, good covering power, good

comfort
rating;
reasonable
strength;
reasonable uniformity

Continuous filament yarns :

Natural,Non-synthetic,Synthetic

Excellent uniformity; excellent strength; can

be very fine; fair handle; poor covering power

High bulk yarns :

Staple,
Continuous filament

Good covering power with light weight; good

loftiness of fullness

Stretch yarns :
Continuous filament

High stretch ability; good handle and covering

power

Special end-use :
Tire cord,Rubber/elastic
Core yarn,Cabled,Coated

Purely functional; designed to satisfy a

specific set of conditions.

Novelty yarns :
Fancy yarns, Metallic,

Excellent decorative features or characteristics

TYPE OF YARNS
Ring Spun Yarn:
These are produced on the ring and traveler system from a wide variety of fiber types.

Ring Spun Yarn

Rotor spun Yarn
These yarns consist of fibers bound together by twist. Rotor spun yarns are generally
produced from short staple fibers.

Rotor spun Yarn

Flat continuous filament yarn
Man- made continuous filament yarns may be produced in either monofilament or
multifilament form.

Flat continuous filament yarn

Textured continuous filament yarn
These are man-made continuous filament yarns that have been modified by subsequent
processing to introduce durable crimps , coils , loops or other distortions into
the filaments.

Textured continuous filament yarn

Twist less Yarn

These are yarns produced from staple fibers where the consolidation of the fibers is
done by means of adhesive.

Twist less Yarn

Core Yarn
Core yarns are characterized by having a central core wrapped with staple fibers. These
are produced in a single operation by simultaneously feeding a core filament and staple
fibers through the delivery rollers of a spinning frame.

Core yarns
Self Twist Yarn
Self-twist yarns are two-ply yarns Produced in a single operation. Each component is
twisted in alternating directions in short segments.The two components are
subsequently put together in such a way that they twist together (self-twist) to form final
yarn.

Self-twist yarns
Friction Spun yarn
These yarns are produced on spinning systems which use two rotating rollers
to collect and twist individual fibers into a Stable yarn structure.

Friction Spun yarn

Folded or Plied Yarn
A yarn in which two or more single yarns are twisted together in a single operation, for
example two-fold, three-fold, four fold.

Folded or Plied Yarn

Cabled yarn
A yarn in which two or more folded yarns are twisted together in one or more
operations. Folded and cabled yarns can be produced from staple yarns, continuous
filament yarns or a combination of both.

Cabled yarn

End-uses of plied yarns

2 Ply

3- Ply

Cabled yarn

poplins

sewing threads

industrial yarns

voiles

Industrial yarns

electrical insulation

gabardines

canvas

shoe laces

crepes

filter cloths

cords

sewing threads

conveyor belts

V-belts

general
purpose

embroidery

embroidery

FANCY YARNS :
A fancy yarn can be defined as one that differs from the normal construction of a single
or doubled yarn by deliberately introduced irregularities in its construction.
The novelty or fancy yarns produce different textures and effects in the fabrics. Fancy
yarns can be made from all natural fibers, all man-made fibers and their blends. They
can be produced from pre-dyed or un dyed fibers and yarns.

Fabrics containing fancy yarns are used for many textile purposes, for instance apparel
such as dress fabrics, or household textiles such as curtains and upholstery.
Novelty Yarns :
Using one or more of the following techniques, novelty yarns may be
produced. combination of different fiber types; combination of different colours of
yarns; combination of different yarn linear densities; combination of different yarn
lengths.

BASIC FANCY YARN

Generally , fancy yarns contain two or more of the following : a base or core yarn ,
around which the yarn intended to create the fancy effect is wrapped; the effect yarn ,
which forms the design ; and the binder which holds the effect yarn in place on the base
to prevent it slipping while it is being wound, knitted or woven.

Fancy yarn
Gimp and Loop :
All these fancy yarns are produced by delivering the core and effect yarn at different
rates.

Gimp and Loop

Gimp is a twisted core yarn, with the effect yarn wrapped around the core producing an
irregular wavy surface. The effect yarn has a regular semi-circular appearance, while in
loop, the effect yarn appears as well-formed circular loops.

Snarl :
This is made in the same way as a loop yarn, but using a highly twisted effect yarn
which forms snarls rather than loops.

Snarl
Spiral/Cork screw :
A plied yarn, in which one of the components wraps around the other, rather than the
components twisting regularly together under the same tension. A spiral yarn tends to
have a higher twist than a corkscrew yarn.

Spiral/Cork screw yarn

Slub :
This is composed of short, abnormally thick places at regular or irregular intervals. The
slub effect is spun into the yarn .

Slub yarn
Cloud
:
A two-colour yarn, in which both yarns take it in turn to obscure or cloud the other, giving
the appearance of an intermittent colour change.
Cloud yarn
Fleck
:
Small amounts of fibers of either different colours or luster or both, are introduced into
the yarn. This gives it a spotted and short streaky appearance.

Fleck yarn