Frequency Transmitter and Receiver

Cuadra, Jamil Francis B.

Velasco, Honey Fatima R.

BS-ECE
Iligan City, Philippines

BS-ECE
Iligan City, Philippines

AbstractThis paper presents the design of frequency

transmitter and receiver where an information is fed at the
transmitter for broadcasting, modulated and then recovered at
the receiver. (Abstract)
Index TermsFrequency, modulation, demodulation, carrier,
modulating signal, Frequency deviation (key words)

I.

INTRODUCTION

Another method for modulation is changing the

frequency of the carrier signal in accordance with the input
signal. The phase and the amplitude of the carrier signal is
constant. When the input signal increases, the frequency also
increases. The amount of change in carrier frequency produced
by the information signal is what we call the frequency
deviation.
II.

mixers are being summed, generating the modulated signal to

be used for the receiver.
The modulated signal is passed through the low pass filter
in order to remove the carrier signals and for further
amplification. The output of the low pass filter is then fed to
the diode detector which detects the change in frequencies
produced lately by the transmitter. The diode detector contains
the RC resonance circuit. The output of the diode detector is
then fed to the comparator. It compares the voltage output from
the diode detector output and with a reference voltage.
III.

TRANSMITTER

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Fig 1.2 Circuit for producing the modulated signal.

Fig 1.1 Block Diagram for Frequency Modulation Transmitter-Receiver

The circuit in frequency modulation method specifically the

frequency shift keying method consists of two carriers with
higher frequencies compared to the information signal.
However, these two carrier signal have different frequencies.
The information signals frequency is being mixed with the
carrier signal. In other words, carrier signal is controlled by the
information signal. The same goes with the other carrier signal
but the inverted signal is controlling it. The output of the

The transmitter section of the circuit contains the

Input signal which is basically digital having a voltage peak of
5 volts and a frequency of 500Hz; the first carrier signal with a
frequency of 9kHz and voltage peak of 5volts and the second
carrier signal with a frequency of 50kHz and having a voltage
peak of 5 volts. As observed, the frequencies of the two carriers
are different. Having the same frequency of carriers can
possibly result to failure to produce the modulated signal. An
inverter is used to produce the inverted information signal that
will control the second carrier signal.
The modulator used is an integrated circuit which is a
quad analog switch/quad analog multiplexer named 4066BD.
This integrated circuit contains four independent switches that
can control either digital or analog signals. The signal being

controlled here is the carrier signal by the digital input signals.

For every high state of the input signal, the frequency of the
carrier signal is triggered.

A
B
C

D
Fig 1.4 Output waveforms (A) information signal (B)carrier signal, 50khz (C)
carrier signal, 9khz (D) modulated signal

Fig 1.3 Output waveforms of mixer (A) carrier Signal 1 and information signal
(B) Carrier Signal 2 and inverted information signal

The waveform at Fig1.3A can be obtained at pin 2 of

the integrated circuit. While the waveform at Fig 1.3B can be
obtained at pin 3. Shorting these two pins can result to the
summing operation producing the modulated signal.
IV.

RECEIVER

As observed, Fig1.4D is actually the combination of

Fig1.4B and Fig1.4C that is being controlled the information
signal at Fig1.4A

B
Fig 1.5 Comparison of the information signal and the recovered signal

As observed, the recovered signal is not the same with

the information signal in terms of the rising and the falling
edge. However, the amplitude is close enough with each other.
The modulated signal produced by the transmitter is
fed to the low pass filter formed by R1 and C1. It removes the
high frequency signals which are the carrier signals. It is then
passed through the diode which is the detector necessary in
demodulation process. Resonance circuit is formed by R2 and
C2 which can be adjusted depending on the frequency of the
information signal. It is then compared with the voltage
provided by V1 which is 2.5V. The comparator formed by the
operational amplifier 741 produces the high and low states for
recovery of the information signal.
V.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

VI.

CONCLUSION

The designed circuit illustrates the transmitting and

the recovering of a digital signal by using a type of frequency
modulation which is the frequency shift keying. The
information signal controls the variation of frequency of the
carrier signals and with that variations, the recovery signal can
be obtained by the decision-making circuit which is the
comparator. The recovered signal is not that identical with the
information signal but it can be seen that the circuit is capable
of producing the information signal at the receiver section by
making a constant amplitude and phase of the carrier while
varying the frequency of the carrier at the transmitter section.

Diode Detector

Comparator
Recovered
Signal