BASIC MEASUREMENT AND UNCERTAINTY

Helny Lydarisbo*), Andi Lisra Andriani Hasrat, Nurul Angelita, Sitrah Nurdini Irwan
Basic Physic Laboratory, Chemistry Education ICP FMIPA UNM 2015
Abstract. Measurements have been carried out activities entitled "Basic Measurement and
Uncertainty". This measurement activity is divided into three parts, the measurement of length,
mass measurement and the measurement of time and temperature. Objects measured in lab
activities that beam cube and small balls (marbles). At length measurement used ruler, vernier
caliper and micrometer screw while mass measurements using three kinds of balance sheet ohauss
ohauss ie 2610 grams, 311 grams ohauss balance, balance ohauss 310 grams then for time and
temperature measurement used a stopwatch and thermometer. The first activity undertaken by the
practitioner that the length measurement. In this activity 3 alternately between the practitioner to
measure and record the measurement results. In the measurement of the cube beam is measured in
length, width and height of the beam cube which has the same length but in this lab turns out there
are some differences in the length measurement on the ruler, calipers, and micrometer screw. Then
focus on the measurement of the ball diameter. Measuring the diameter of the ball using a ruler can
not be done because of the uneven surface of the ball, so it can not be measured. Then for
measurements with calipers or a micrometer screw can be done because these tools have a special
function, making it easier to measure the diameter. Furthermore, for both activities and the
activities of the three is also done by 3 people praktikan which alternately measure and record the
measurement results. The conclusion of the experiment was done by is that for the measurement of
length in greater detail is a micrometer a screw it can be seen from the value of DK ( degrees the
truth ) on the results of direct observation that was the great it is present in a measuring instrument
a micrometer a screw, while for the measurement of mass in greater detail were the balance of
ohaus 311 grams with precision 0.005 grams/scale, and to activities the measurement of
temperature can be concluded that along with increase in time, temperature is large.
Keywords: Measurement, micrometer screw, ohaus balance, temperature, varnier calipers.

FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM

1. How to use a measuring instrument basic ?
2. How to determine the uncertainty in a single measurement and repetitive?
3. How to use the numbers mean?
PURPOSE
1. Able to use measuring tools.
2. Being able to determine the uncertainty in a single measurement and repetitive.
3. Able to understand the numbers mean.
BRIEF THEORI
Measurement is part of the Science Process Skills which is a collection of
information both quantitatively and qualitatively. By performing the measurement, can be
obtained magnitude or value of a quantity or qualitative evidence. In Physics science
learning, an educator not only convey only a collection of facts but should teach science
as a process (process approach). Therefore, doing science experiments or experiments in

Physics is very important. Conduct experiments in the laboratory, means deliberately

evoke natural phenomena then take measurements.
The precision (accuracy), if a quantity is measured several times (multiple
measurements) and produce prices are spread around the measurement sebenarnyamaka
price said to be "accurate". In these measurements, the average price closer to the actual
price.
Accuracy, if the measurement results centered in a specified area then called the
measurement precision (the price of each measurement is not much different). Important
figure is the number obtained by measurements given (read at the gauge) and the last
digit is estimated.
a. All non-zero numbers are significant figures.
b. Zeros are located between nonzero digits including significant figures
Example: 25.04 A contains four significant figures
c. The zero on the right number is not zero, including significant figures, unless
there are other explanations, such as a line under the last digit is still considered
important. Example: 22.30 m containing four significant figures
d. Zeros are located on the left digit is not zero, either on the right or the left of the
decimal point does not include significant figures. Example: 0.47 cm containing
two significant figures
Uncertainty (error) applying will cause any results obtained deviate from actual results.
Sources of uncertainty include applying:
1. Calibration error
2. Zero point error (ZPE)
3. Demage to equipment components
4. Friction
5. Parallax error
6. Errors due to the current state of work, conditions in different calibration tool
with the condition at the condition at the time of the tool works.
This error comes from the symptoms may not be controlled or overcome such
changes take place so quickly that the controlling and regulating beyond capabilities.
This uncertainty causes the measurement falls slightly to the left and to the right of the
actual value. Sources of random uncertainties, among others.
random uncertainties include :
1. The error estimating section scale.
The first source of uncertainty in the measurement is limited scale measuring
instrument. The price is less than the value of the smallest scale measuring
instrument can no longer be read, so be estimated. that is to say, an uncertainty
has infiltrated the measurement results. There are three determinants in terms of
assessment, namely:
Distance physical (physical distance) between two adjacent scratches
Smooth or rough needle
Power split (resolving power) of the human eye

2. The state of fluctuating, meaning the rapidly changing circumstances of the time.
For example, strong electrical currents and other sources always changing
irregularly.
3. The random motion (motion brown) air molecules. This motion causes the needle
designation of a measuring instrument that is very smooth to be disturbed.
4. The foundation of a vibrating
5. Noise, ie interference with the electronic device in the form of rapid fluctuations
in voltage due to increased temperature component tool works.
6. Radiation background cosmic radiation from outer space.
Measurement is always accompanied by uncertainty. Some of the causes of these
uncertainties include Smallest Scale Value (NST) calibration errors, zero point error,
parallax error, friction, fluctuations in measurement parameters and environment affect
each other as well as well as the skills of the observer.
Single measurement is a measurement performed one time only. Limitations scale
measuring instruments and limited ability to observe as well as many other sources of
error, the result would always be considered the uncertainty of measurement.
coat x is the absolute uncertainty. For single single measurement taken wisdom:

x =

1
2

NST Alat

Where x is the uncertainty of a single measurement. Number 2 in the formula

have the meaning of the scale (values between the two nearest scratches) can each be
divided into two partially clearly by eye. x value measurement reported in a
standardized manner as follows:
X = ( x x ) [X]
information :
X = symbol magnitudes measured
(X x) = measurement results and uncertainty
[X] = unit mass x (in units of S1)
Absolute uncertainty in the value of [X] and give an idea of the quality of measuring
instruments used. The better the quality of the measuring instrument, the smaller x
obtained. By using better quality measuring instrument, it is expected that the results
obtained are also more precise, therefore absolute uncertainty stated accuracy of
measurement results. The smaller the absolute uncertainty, the more precise the
measurement results
Comparison between the results of measurements of absolute uncertainty x / x
is called the relative uncertainty on the value of {x} is often expressed in% (multiplied by
100%. The uncertainty relative express the degree of accuracy of measurement results.
The smaller the relative uncertainty, the higher accuracy achieved in the measurement.
Repeated measurements (Multiple). By holding the repetition of knowledge about the
actual value (x) be the better. Deviation is the difference between each result between
each measurement results of the average value. Deviation (deviation) or the largest
average deviation is reported as x So :
{x} = x , average measurements

x = max =
with:

x =

average

x +x +x
3

and :

x =

+ +
3

= x x |
= | x x |
= | x
x |

[1]

EXPERIMENT METHODS
Tools and materials
Tools
a. Ruler
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

Vernier Caliper
Screw Micrometer
Stopwatch
Thermometer
Ohaus Balance
Beaker glass
Tripod
Gauze
Bunsen burner

Materials
a. Iron beam
b. Balls
c. Water
Identification of variabel
1st activity (Length Measurement)
Control Variable
Balance of measuring instrument
Manipulation Variable
Length, width, height, diameters
Respon Varible
Each object that measured (balls or iron beams) has length, width, height,
diameters differently and own measuring instrument has a different precision

2nd activity (Mass Measurement)

Control Variable

3rd

Balance of measuring instrument

Manipulation Variable
Mass of each object that used
Respon Variable
Eeach object that measured has a different mass accordance with materials that
compound the object
activity (Time and Temperature Measurement)
Control Variable
Burner
Manipulation Variable
100 ml water
Respon Variable
If the water heated more longer, so that the temperature of water will be high

Operational Definition of Variables

1st activity
Length is the size of that began from the left to the right object of use measuring
instrument length namely ruler, calipers and micrometer screw expressed in a unit
of m or mm.
Width is the size of that began from the front end of the an object to the rear end
of or otherwise use measuring instrument length namely ruler, calipers and
micrometer screw expressed in a unit of m or mm.
Height is the size of that began from the top an object to point the bottom or
commonly called a pedestal or otherwise use measuring instrument length
namely ruler, calipers and micrometer screw expressed in a unit of m or mm.
Diameter is the size of that began from the other side to the other side through a
point the center of a circle an object use measuring instrument length namely
ruler, calipers and micrometer screw expressed in a unit of m or mm.

2nd activity

Mass is the size of the what owned by an object measured by a measuring

instrument mass namely the balance ohaus 310, balance ohaus 2610 and balance
ohaus 311 grams expressed in a unit of grams.

3rd activity

Temperature is the increases of value that showing in the thermometer.

Time is interval between the two the state or can be expressed as long of an
event.

Work Procedure
1st activity : length measurement
In this measure, we measure the length, wide, high beams and diameter of on the
ball . An instrument used a ruler, vernier caliper and micrometer screw. After prepared

all tools which will be used, first determine SSV each tools. Began measuring for length,
width and hight the iron beam each three times by using three tools that is a ruler, vernier
caliper and micrometer screw, then measuring the diameter of the ball each three times
too by using a ruler, vernier caliper and micrometer screw. And we must write down on
the obeservation result table with the uncertainty.

2nd activity : measuring the amount of mass

In this practicum we measure mass manually by using three types of the balance
ohaus that is the balance ohaus 2610 grams, 310 grams, 311 grams. After prepared all
tools, first determine SSV each tools and then make the balance balanced by means of
burden sliding is at the zero point, put the objeck in platter the balance, made balance by
moving burden sliding on where the most appropriate, after balanced those are mass
objects. So mass objects equal to the mass that indicated by each burden sliding on an
arm of the balance, write down the mass that shown by burden sliding on the outcome of
the measurement of arms the balance.

3rd activity : measurement of temperature and time

In this practicum we measure time and temperature by using stopwatch and
thermometer,first, we prepared tools and material and then determine SSV of
thermometer and stopwatch, turn on the burner bunsen (spiritus) right down a beaker
glass and then measuring the temperature first, stopwatch on, write down changes of
temperature occurring every one minute each six times.
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS
Experimental Result
Measurement of Length
a. Ruler
SSV Ruler
x =

1
2

Limit of measurement
30 cm
=
Number of scale
300 scale

SSV =

= 0.1 cm = 1 mm

1
1 mm = 0.5 mm
2

Measurement result ( HP ) =

x x

Table 1. the result of measurement for lenght with ruler

Measured object

Magnitude is Measure

Length

The measurement results (mm)

|18,5

0,5|

|18,5

0,5|

|18,0

0,5|

Iron beam

Width

Hight

|18,5

0,5|

|18,5

0,5|

|18,5

0,5|

|18,0

0,5|

|18,0

0,5|

|18,5
Ball

|23,0
|24,0
|24,0

Diameter

0,5|

0,5|
0,5|
0,5|

b. Varnier caliper
SSV Varnier caliper
20 nonius scale = 39 main scale

main scale = 39 =1.95 mm

nonius scale 20
SSV 21.95=0.05 mm
x 1 0.05=0.05 mm
Measurement result ( HP ) =

x x

Table 2. the result of measurement for lenght with varnier caliper

Measured object
Magnitude is Measure
The measurement results (mm)
Length

Iron beam

Width

Hight

Ball

Diameter

|18,90 0,05 |
|18,90
|19,05
|19,95
|19,85
|19,50
|19,05
|19,10
|19,05
|25,85
|25,85
|26,00

0,05
0,05
0,05
0,05
0,05
0,05
0,05
0,05
0,05
0,05
0,05

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

c. Micrometer screw

Horizontal scale value

5
=
= 0.5
N
10
Horizontal scale
0,5

SSV Micrometer screw

= 0.01 mm
turn scale
50
SSV Horizontal scale =

x =

1
2

0,01 mm = 0,005 mm

Measurement result ( HP ) =

x x

Table 3. the result of measurement for lenght with micrometer screw

Measured object

Magnitude is Measure

The measurement results (mm)

|18,250 0,005 |
|18,250 0,005 |

Length

|18,250 0,005 |
|18,790 0,005 |
Iron beam

|18,780

Width

0,005 |

|18,780 0,005 |
|19,380 0,005 |
Hight

Ball

|19,380 0,005 |
|18,875 0,005 |
|25,430 0,005 |
|25,430 0,005 |
|25,410 0,005 |

Diameter

Measurement of Mass
a. Ohaus Balance of 2610 grams
Value scale arm 1
Value scale arm 2
Value scale arm 3
The mass of the hanging load
SSV =
x =
=

10
100

= 10 grams
= 100 grams
= 0,1 grams
= 0 kg

= 0,1 gram

1
SSV
2
1
0,1 gram
2

= 0,05 gram
Tabel 4. Result Mass Measurement with Balance Ohauss 2610 gram
Object
Iron
Beam

Appointment
Arm 1
50

Appointment
Arm 2
0

Appointment
Arm 3
4,10

Hanging
Burden
0

Mass Load (g)

|54,10
0,05|

Ball

50

3,95

|53,95
0,05|

50

3,85

|53,85
0,05|

60

6,90

|66,90
0,05|

60

6,90

|66,90
0,05|

60

6,85

|66,85
0,05|

b. Ohaus Balance of 311 grams

Value scale arm 1 = 100 grams
Value scale arm 2 = 10 grams
Value scale arm 3 = 1 gram
Value scale arm 4 = 0.01 gram

1
= 0.01 g
100
1
SSV
x =
2
1
0.01
=
2

SSV =

= 0.005 g
Table 5. Result Mass Measurement with Balance Ohauss 311 gram
Object

Iron
Beam

Appointmen
t Arm 1

Appointmen
t Arm 2

Appointmen
t Arm 3

Appointme
nt Arm 4

50

0,245

|54,245
0.005|

50

0,245

|54,245
0.005|

50

0,255

|54,255
0.005|

60

0,865

|66,865
0.005|

60

0,840

|66,840

Ball

Mass Load (g)

0.005|
0

60

0,820

|66,820
0.005|

c. Ohaus Balance of 310 grams

Value scale arm 1
= 100 grams
Value scale arm 2
= 10 grams
Turn the scale value = 0.1 scale
Number Nonius scale = 10 scale
SSV = 0.20 - 0.19 = 0.01 g
x = 1 x VSS
= 1 x 0,01
= 0.01
Table 6. Result Mass Measurement with Balance Ohauss 310 gram
Designation
Appointment Appointment Designation
Object
Nonius
arm 1
arm 2
Rotate Scale
Scale

Iron
Beam

Ball

50

4,23

0,06

|54,31
0.01|

50

4,20

0,07

|54,27
0.01|

50

4,20

0,07

|54,27
0.01|

60

6,70

0,04

|66,74
0.01|

60

6,70

0,03

|66,73
0.01|

60

6,70

0,03

|66,73
0.01|

Time and Temperature Measurement

SSV thermometer

= 10/10 = 10C

1
x= 1=0.5
2
Temperature at first = |31 0,5| 0C
SSV stopwatch

Mass Load
(g)

= 1/10 = 0.1 s / scale

Table 7. Result of Time and Temperature Measurement

No.

Time (s)

Temperature (C)

Temperature Change (C)

60

|31 0,5|

|0,0 0,5|

120

|34 0,5|

|3,0 0,5|

180

|37 0,5|

|3,0 0,5|

240

|40 0,5|

|3,0 0,5|

300

|43 0,5|

|3,0 0,5|

360

|46 0,5|

|3,0 0,5|

Data Analisys
1. Length Measurement
Beam
a. Ruler
Length of ruler

p1+ p 2+ p 3
3
1=| p1 p| =
2=| p2 p| =
3=| p3 p| =
max=0,3
p=

18,5+18,5+ 18,0
3
|18,518,3| = 0,2
|18,518,3| = 0,2
|18,018,3| = 0,3

= 18,3 mm

P
100
P
0,3
=
100 =1,64 ( 3 AB )
18,3
=

Physics Report :
Hp = | p p| mm
Hp = |18,3 0,3| m m
Width of ruler

l= l 1 +l 2 +l 3 = 18,5+18,5+ 18,5 = 18,5 mm

3
3
1 = |l 1l| = |18,518,5| = 0,0
2 = |l 2l| = |18,518,5| = 0,0

 3 = |l 3l| = |18,518,5| = 0,0

max=0,5
l
= 100
l
0,5
=
100 =0,0270 (4 AB)
18,5
Physics Report :
Hp = |l l|mm
Hp =

|18,50 0,50| m m

Height of ruler

t 1 +t 2+ t 3
18,0+18,0+ 18,5
=
= 18,2 mm
3
3
1 = |t 1t| = |18,018,2| = 0,2
2 = |t 2t| = |18,018,2| = 0,2
3 = |t 3t| = |18,518,2| = 0,3
max=0,3
t
= 100
t
t =

0,3
100 =1,65 (3 AB)
18,2

Physics Report :
Hp = |t t |mm
Hp = |18,2 0,30|mm
Volume of iron beam
V = pp x lp x tp = 18,3 x 18,5 mm x 18,2 mm = 6161,61 mm3
dV =

dV
V
dV
V
dV
V
dV
V

V
P

dp +

V
l

dl +

V
l

dt

pt
pl

plt dp + plt dl + plt dt

l .t
p.t
p .l
=
dp +
dl +
dt
p . l .t
p . l .t
p . l .t
1
1
1
= dp + dl + dt
p
l
t
dp
dl
dt
=
+
+
p
l
t
dp
dl
dt
dV =
+
+
V
p
l
t
=

| |

| |

| |

V =

V =

|pp + l l + t t |
0,3 0,5 0,3
+
+
6161,61
|18,3
18,5 18,2|
V

V = 369,0804 mm3
RE =

V
X 100
V

RE =

369,0804
X 100
6161,61

RE = 5,99 % (2AB)
DK = 100 % - RE
DK = 100% - 5,99%
= 94,01 %
Physics Report :
Hp = V Vmm3
Hp = |6,2 0,37| 103 mm3
b. Vernier caliper
Length of Vernier caliper

p1+ p 2+ p 3
3
18,90+18,90+19,05
p=
=18,95 mm
3
1=|18,9018,95|=0,05
2=|18,9018,95|=0,05
3=|19,0518,95|=0,10
max=0,10
p
100
RE =
p
0,10
100
RE =
18,95
p=

RE = 0,527 % (4 AB)
Physics Report :
Hp = | p p| mm
Hp = |18,95 0,10| m m

Width of Vernier Caliper

l= l 1 +l 2 +l 3
3
l= 19,95+19,85+19,50 =19,76 mm
3
1=|19,9519,76|=0,16
2=|19,8519,76|=0,09
3=|19,5019,76|=0,26
max=0,26
l
100
RE =
l
0,26
100
RE =
19,76
RE = 1,3157 % (3 AB)
Physics Report :
Hp = |l l|mm
Hp = |19,8 0,26|m m
Height of Vernier caliper

t +t 2 +t 3
3
19,05+19,10+19,05
t =
=19,07 mm
3
1=|19,0519,07|=0,02
2=|19,1019,07|=0,03
3=|19,0519,07|=0,02
max=0,03
t
100
RE =
t
0,03
100
RE =
19,07
t =

RE = 0,1573 % (4 AB)
Physics Report :
Hp = |t t |mm
Hp = |19,07 0,03|m m
Volume of iron beam
V = p x l x t
dV =

V
P

= 18,95 mm x 19,76 mm x 19,07 mm = 7140,79 mm3

dp +

V
l

dl +

V
l

dt

dV
V
dV
V
dV
V
dV
V

pt
pl

dp +
dl +
dt
plt
plt
plt
l .t
p.t
p .l
=
dp +
dl +
dt
p . l .t
p . l .t
p . l .t
1
1
1
= dp + dl + dt
p
l
t
dp
dl
dt
=
+
+
p
l
t
dp
dl
dt
dV =
+
+
V
p
l
t
p l t
+ +
V =
V
p
l
t
0,1
0,26 0,03
+
+
7140,79
V =
18,95 19,76 19,07
=

| |

|
|

| |

V = 141,69 mm3

V
100
V
141,69
100
=
7140,79

RE =

= 1,98 % (3 AB)
DK = 100 % - RE
= 100 % - 1,98 %
= 98,02 %
Physics Report :
Hp = V Vmm3
Hp = |7,14 0,14|

103 mm3

c. Screw Micrometer
Length of screw micrometer

p=

p1+ p 2+ p 3
3

p=

18,250+18,250+18,250
=18,250 mm
3

1=|18,25018,250|=0,00
2=|18,25018,250|=0,00
3=|18,25018,250|=0,00
max=0,05

| |

RE =

p
100
p

RE =

0,05
100
18,250

RE = 0,274 % (4 AB)
Physics Report :
Hp = | p p| mm
Hp = |18,25 0,05| m m
Width of screw micrometer

l= l 1 +l 2 +l 3
3
l= 18,790+18,780+ 18,780 =18,783mm
3
1=|18,79018,783|=0,007
2=|18,78018,783|=0,003
3=|18,78018,783|=0,003
max=0,007
RE =

l
100
l

RE =

0,007
100
18,783

RE = 0,0372 % (4 AB)
Physics Report :
Hp = |l l|mm
Hp = |18,78 0,007|m m
Height of Screw micrometer

t =

t +t 2 +t 3
3
t = 18,875+19,380+19,380 =19,212 mm
3
1=|18,87519,212|=0,337

2=|19,38019,212|=0 ,168
3=|19,38019,212|=0,168
max=0,337

RE =

t
100
t

RE =

0,337
100
19,212

RE = 0,0175 % (4 AB)
Physics Report :
Hp = |t t |mm
Hp = |19,21 0,337| m m
Volume of iron beam
V = p x l x t
6585,6767 mm3
dV =

dV
V
dV
V
dV
V
dV
V
dV =
V =
V =

V
P

18,250 mm x 18.783 mm x 19,212 mm =

dp +

V
l

V
l

dt

pt
pl

plt dp + plt dl + plt dt

l .t
p.t
p .l
=
dp +
dl +
dt
p . l .t
p . l .t
p . l .t
1
1
1
= dp + dl + dt
p
l
t
dp
dl
dt
=
+
+
p
l
t

| |

dp
p

dl
l

| |

dt
t

| |

|pp + l l + t t |
0,05
0,007 0,337
+
+
6585,6767
|18,250
18,783 19,212|
V

V = 135,7506 mm3
RE =

dl +

V
100
V
135,7506
100
6585,6767

= 2,06 % (3 AB)
DK = 100 % - RE
= 100 % - 2,06 %
= 97,94 %

Physics Report :
Hp = V Vmm3
Hp = |6,59 0,135|

103 mm3

Ball
a. Ruler

1=|23,023,67|=0,67
2=|24,023,67|=0,33
3=|24,023,67|=0,33
max=0,67
x 1 + x 2+ x
x =
3
3

23,0+24,0+24,0
3
x =23,67
1
d
r =
2
1
x 23,67
r =
2
x =

= 11,835
Volume of ball

4 3
r
3
4
1
(
d )3
V=
3
2
4
x 3,14 x 11,835 3
V=
3
= 6940,2189 mm3
V=

The propagation of ball

V=

4 3
r
3

v
v

|dd|
0,67
3|
x 6940,2189
23,67 |

v=589,3468

v
x 100
v

RE =

589,3468
x 100
6940,2189

= 8,4917% (2AB)
DK = 100% - RE
= 100% - 8,4917 %
= 91,5082 %
Physics Report :
Hp = V Vmm3
Hp = |6,9 0,59| 103 mm3
b. Vernier caliper

1=|25,8525,90|=0,05
2=|25,8525,90|=0,05
3=|26,0025,90|=0,10

max=0,10
x 1+ x

2+ x 3

3
x =
x =

25,85+ 25,85+26,00
3

x =25,90
r =

1
d
2

r =

1
25,90
2

= 12,950
V=
=

4 3
r
3
4
3

3,14

= 9092,3823 mm3

12,9503

For propagation of ball

4 3
r
3

V=

v
v
=

|dd| v
0,1
3|
9092,3823
25,90 |
=

v=105,31716
RE =

v
100
v
105,31716
100
9092,3823

= 1,1583 % (3AB)
DK = 100% - RE
= 100% - 1,1583 %
= 98,84 %
Physics Report :
Hp = V Vmm3
Hp = |9,09 0,11| 103 mm3
c. Screw micrometer

1=|25,43025,423|=0,007
2=|25,43025,423|=0,007
3=|25,41025,423|=0,013

max=0,013
x 1+ x

2+ x 3

3
x =
25,430+ 25,430+25,410
3
x =25,423
1
d
r =
2
1
x 25,423
r =
2
x =

= 12,71

Volume of ball

4 3
r
3
4
x 3,14 x 12,71
3

V=
V=

= 8599,2146 mm3
The propagation of ball

4
3
r
3

V=

v
v

|dd| v
0.013
3|
8599,2146
25,423 |

v=13,1915
RE =

v
100
v
13,1915
100
8599,2146

= 0,1534 % (4 AB)
DK = 100% - RE
= 100% - 0,1534 %
= 99,8466 %
Physics Report :
Hp = V Vmm3
Hp = |85,99 0,13|
Measurement of Mass
Beam (m)
1. Ohaus Balance 2610 gram

m1=|54,10 0,05|g
m2=|53,95 0,05|g
m3=|53,85 0,05|g

102 mm3

m=53,97

g
1=|54,1053,97|=0,13 g
2=|53,9853,97|=0,02 g
3=|53,8553,97|=0,012 g

max=0,13 g
max= m=0,13 g
=0,24 (4 AB)
Hp=|53,97 0,13| g
Density of Beam on Balance Ohauss 2610 grams
Volume that measured by Ruler

m=|53,97 0,13| g
3
v =|6161,61 369,2469|mm

53,97
6161,61

=0,0087

|mm + vv|
0,13 369,2469
=|
+
0,0087
53,97 6161,61 |
=

=|0,00024+ 0,0599|0,0087

=0,0005 4
=

100

0,0005 4
100
0,0087

6,2

(2 AB)

DK = 100% - RE

DK =100 5,88
93,8
g
Hp=| |
mm3
Hp=|8,7 0,54| 10-3 g/mm3

Volume that measured by Vernier Caliper

m=|53,97 0,13| g
3
v =|7140,79 141,691|mm
g
=0,0075
3
mm
g
=0,00017
mm 3
=2,27 (3 AB)
DK =97,73
g
Hp=| |
mm3
Hp= 7,50 0,17 10-3 g/mm3
Volume that measured by Micrometer screw

m=|53,97 0,13| g
3
v =|6585,6767 119,7276|mm
g
=0,0082
3
mm
g
=0,00017
mm 3
=2,07 (3 AB)
DK =97,93
Hp= 8,2 0,17 10-3 g/mm3

2. Ohauss Balance 311 gram

m1=|54,245 0,005| g
m2=|54,245 0,005|g
m3=|54,255 0,005|g
m=54,248

g
1=|54,24554,248|=0,003 g
2=|54,24554,248|=0,003 g
3=|54,25554,248|=0,007 g

max=0,007 g
max= m=0,007 g
=0,01 ( 4 AB)

Hp=|54,25 0,007| g
Density of Beam on balance ohauss 311 grams
Volume that measured by ruler

m=|54,25 0,007| g
3
v =|6161,61 369,2469|mm
g
=0,0088
3
mm
g
=0,00053
mm 3
=6,01 (2 AB)
DK =93,98
Hp= 8,8 0,53 10-3 g/mm3
Volume that measured by Vernier Caliper

m=|54,25 0,007| g
3
v =|7140,79 141,69|mm
g
=0,0076
mm3
g
=0,00015
mm 3
=2,00 (3 AB)
DK =98,00
Hp= 7,60 0,15 10-3 g/mm3
Volume that measured by Micrometer Screw

m=|54,25 0,007| g
3
v =|6585,6767 119,7276|mm
g
=0,0082
3
mm
g
=0,00015
mm 3
=1,83 (3 AB)
DK =98,17
Hp= |8,2 0,15| 10-3 g/mm3
3. Ohauss Balance 310 gram

m1=|54,31 0,01| g
m2=|54,27 0,01|g

m3=|54,27 0,01|g
m=54,28

g
1=|54,3154,28|=0,03 g
2=|54,2754,28|=0,01 g
3=|54,2754,28|=0,01 g

max=0,03 g
max= m=0,03 g
=0,055 ( 4 AB)
Hp=|54,28 0,03|g
Density of Beam on Balance Ohauss 310 grams
Volume that measured by Ruler

m=|54,28 0,03| g
v =|6161,61 369,2469|mm3
g
=0,0088
mm3
g
=0,00053
mm 3
=6,02 (2 AB)
DK =93,8
Hp= 8,8 0,53 10-3 g/mm3
Vernier Caliper

m=|54,28 0,03| g
v =|7140,79 141,69|mm3
g
=0,0076
mm3
g
=0,00015
mm 3
=2,03 (3 AB)
DK =97,96
Hp= |7,60 0,15| 10-3 g/mm3
Micrometer Screw

m=|54,28 0,03| g

v =|6585,6767 119,7276|mm3
g
=0,0082
mm3
g
=0,00015
3
mm
=1,83 (3 AB)
DK =98,17
Hp= 8,2 0,15 10-3 g/mm3
Ball
1. Ohaus Balance 2610 gram

m1=|66,90 0,05|g
m2=|66,90 0,05|g
m3=|66,85 0,05| g
m=66,84

1=|66,9066,84|=0,06 g
2=|66,9066,84|=0,06 g
3=|66,8566,84|=0,01 g
max=0,06 g
max= m=0,06 g
=0,09 ( 4 AB)
Hp=|66,84 0,06| g
2. Ohaus Balance 311 gram

m1=|66,865 0,005|g
m2=|66,840 0,005|g
m3=|66,820 0,005|g
m=66,841

g
1=|66,86566,841|=0,024 g
2=|66,84066,841|=0,001 g
3=|66,82066,841|=0,021 g

max=0,024 g
max= m=0,024 g

=0,036 ( 4 AB)
Hp=|66,841 0,024| g
3. Ohaus Balance 310 gram

m1=|66,74 0,01| g
m2=|66,73 0,01| g
m3=|66,73 0,01|g
m=66,73

g
1=|66,7466,73|=0,01 g
2=|66,7366,73|=0 g
3=|66,7366,73|=0 g

max=0,01 g
max= m=0,01 g
=0,01 ( 4 AB)
Hp=|66,73 0,01|g
Calculate Volume of Ball
1. Ruler

1
V = d 3= mm3
6
1
V = (3,14 ) ( 23,673 )=6940,2 mm3
6
V
dV =
d
d

| |

| |

dV =

(d3)
d
d

dV =|3 d 2| d

| |
2

V 3d
=
d
V
V

| |

V 3 d2
= 3 d
V
d

| |

dV
d
=3
V
d

| dd|V
0,67
V =3|
6940,2
23,67 |
V =3

V =589,34 mm3
=

V
x 100
V

=8,49 ( 3 AB )
DK =100 KR
DK =91,5

Hp= 6,94 0,589 103 mm3

2. Vernier Caliper

1
V = d 3=mm3
6
V =9092,38mm 3
V =105,32mm3
=1,16 ( 3 AB )
DK =98,8
Hp=|9,09 0,105| 103 mm3
3. Micrometer Screw

1
3
3
V = d =mm
6
V =8599,21 mm3
V =13,19mm 3
=0,15 ( 4 AB )
DK =99,85
Hp=|85,99 0,1319| 102 mm3
EXPLANATION
Based on the data that has been obtained, it can be seen the volume of a cube
beam using a ruler V = 6,16 0,20103 mm3, calipers V =7,14 0,14103 mm3and
micrometer screw V = 6,59 0,12103 mm3. The volume of the ball using the rule =
6,94 0,59103 mm3, calipers V =9,09 0,11103 mm3, micrometer screw V =

85.99 0,13102 mm3. Also known density of beam cube using the ruler |8,7 0,54 |
10-3 (g / mm3), calipers |7,50 0,17| 10-3 (g / mm3) and micrometer screw = |8,20 0,17|
10-3(g / mm3). Based on the data obtained by means of which have a high level of
accuracy is the micrometer screw, because the smaller the relative uncertainty (RE), then
the higher accuracy achieved in the measurement. As for the balance sheet, which has a
high level of accuracy is the balance of 311 grams and 310 grams because it has relatively
little uncertainty as well.
CONCLUSION
From the result experiment we can conclude that on the basis of lab
measurements and uncertainties can be knotted that any measurement error can have
different, depending on the state of the measuring instrument, differences in the level of
accuracy of measuring instruments, measuring methods used in, and the ability of the
measure. In this lab can distinguish between where the gauge is more accurate and precise
in minimizing the time of measurement error.
REFERENCE
[1] Practice Guidebook 1 Unit Basic Physics Basic Physics Laboratory Department of
Physics, State University of Makassar