Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER

FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT

BULK CARRIER

GROUP N.-3

Propulsion system, Government and

maneuverability

TUTOR:

ING. FRANKLIN JOHNNY DOMINGUEZ

ANGEL RUIZ GONZALEZ

AUTHOR:
CHRISTOPHER VILLALTA MIRANDA

GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER

INDEX
1.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE................................................................................ 3
1.1

Specific Objectives.................................................................................. 3

2.

INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 3

3.

GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE VESSEL....................................................4

4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CALCULATION FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF

PROPELLER..................................................................................................... 4
5.1 Calculus of the delivered power.......................................................................5
5.2 Calculus wake factor,

............................................................................5

5.3 calculus of advance velocity........................................................................... 5

5.4 calculus of parameter
5.5 Parameter

opt

Bp ..........................................................................6

calculus...........................................................................6

5.6 Calculation of the optimal diameter

Dopt .....................................................7

5.7 relation Pitch/Diameter calculation (P/D)...........................................................8

5.8 Calculation of open-water efficiency ( ).......................................................8
5.9 Study of cavitation....................................................................................... 8
5.

REFERENCES........................................................................................... 10

GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER

1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE
Minimize the final cost of construction and production of the boat

1.1 Specific Objectives.

Increase performance by keeping the desired speed

Decrease the consumed fuel that basically depends on the installed power.

2. INTRODUCTION
As already known the optimization of each technology group is of utmost importance,
and this is no exception. Described as a technological group number 3 within this is the
propulsion system, Government and maneuverability.
It is intended mainly to Helix provide the necessary thrust enabling the vessel to
navigate to the desired speed, being the performance as high as possible, i.e., to achieve
that the power absorbed by the propeller is lowest. This has as a main goal get the
lowest power installed and therefore a reduction in fuel consumption.
Also do not allow vibrations induced by the propeller, consequence of a wrong position
of this in the stern with respect to the hull and rudder; produced by cavitation
phenomena must be reduced to the admissible limits, the location of the breaks where
the shaft is supported take place in such manner that complies with the frequency
requirement review, as the case may be.
Another no less important point is the fulfillment of the criteria IMO the
maneuverability of the craft-oriented.

GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER

3. GENERAL INFORMATION OF THE VESSEL

Data of the vessel to perform the optimization
Draft Amidships m
5,013
Displacement t
3587
Heel deg
0
Draft at FP m
4,723
Draft at AP m
5,304
Draft at LCF m
5,023
Trim (+ve by stern) m
0,581
WL Length m
76,515
Beam max extents on WL m
13,2
Wetted Area m^2
1353,188
Waterpl. Area m^2
797,112
Prismatic coeff. (Cp)
0,702
Block coeff. (Cb)
0,656
Max Sect. area coeff. (Cm)
0,98
Waterpl. area coeff. (Cwp)
0,789
LCB from zero pt. (+ve fwd) m
0,3
LCF from zero pt. (+ve fwd) m
-1,272
KB m
2,644
KG m
4,437
BMt m
2,738
BML m
76,904
GMt m
0,945
GML m
75,111
KMt m
5,382
KML m
79,546
Immersion (TPc) tonne/cm
8,17
MTc tonne.m
35,238
RM at 1deg = GMt.Disp.sin(1) tonne.m 59,175
Max deck inclination deg
0,4352
Trim angle (+ve by stern) deg
0,4352

4. DEVELOPMENT OF THE CALCULATION FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF

PROPELLER

GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER

5.1 Calculus of the delivered power

Initially from the preliminary design is known that motor has a Brake Power of:
BHP=4640 BHP
To determine the power delivered to the propeller, should be subtracted to the power to
brake the caused by the mechanical losses of the shaft line represented by the following
equation:
DHP=BHP M
where:
M = performance of the Shaft line

From the reference [.] takes a value of mechanical efficiency

M of a shaft line

without reducing of 98.5%

DHP=BHP98.5

5.2 Calculus wake factor,

This coefficient shall be determined using the following equation:
=0.5Cb 0.1

5.3 calculus of advance velocity

It is defined as the speed difference of the working speed of the boat and the product of
this speed by the wake factor, as shown below:
GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER

V V A
V

V A =V (1)
Where:
V = vessel speed (Knots)

V A = The propeller advance speed (Knots)

5.4 calculus of parameter B p

B p=

N DHP
V A 2.5

Where:
N= the propeller revolutions (RPM)
DHP= delivered Power (HP)

V A = The propeller advance speed (Knots)

The parameter value

opt ,

are calculated from the results obtained previously,

optimum diameter and the relation pitch/Diameter based on polynomial expressions of

Series B of Troost (Wageningen Canal).

GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER

5.5 Parameter opt calculus

Polynomial expressions of B p diagrams, are required for the determination
of the opt , , taken from the reference [1]:
n1

n2

A
opt = cij E
A0
i=0 j=0

Bp

( )( )

10

Donde:

AE
= relation between blade areas
A0
c ij = coeficient (taken from the table)
AE
The B series of Wageningen is composed of the following relationships A 0 :

0.4 0.55 0.7 0.85 1

The values of coefficient and exponents are taken from the tables exposed by the
aforementioned reference, these tables are presented in annexes, and will depend on the
number of propeller blades to analyze.

5.6 Calculation of the optimal diameter Dopt

Once obtained the parameters corresponding to each areas relation

AE
A 0 , is determined

the optimum diameter based on the following formulation:

GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER

ND
VA

Dopt =

opt V A
N

Given that the tables are based on results from tests carried out in open water, but our
propeller work under the current produced by the hull, then because of this the diameter
needs to be reduced by 5%. Thus shall calculate the new parameter due to the realized
reduction.

5.7 relation Pitch/Diameter calculation (P/D)

As for the calculation parameter opt , tables

B p

may be used from the

reference [..], in this case we have the following formulation:

n
n
n
A
P
= d ijk E
D i =0 j=0 k=0
A0
1

B p

( )( ) ( )
10

100

By this way is determinate the relation pitch/diameter for each

value, at the same time

AE
it depends of the areas relation A 0 .

5.8 Calculation of open-water efficiency ( )

At the same form as before these parameters were calculated using the
tables

B p

presented in the reference [1], the formulation used is:

GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER
n1

n2

n3

= e ijk
i=0 j=0 k=0

AE
A0

Bp

( )( )( )
10

100

5.9 Study of cavitation

Keep in mind that the ratio of areas

AE
A0

is the minimum possible, This would make

minimum cavitation, already that if the ratio of areas to increase the performance of the
propeller will decrease, due to this would have greater amount of exposed to the friction
area.
The following formulation presented by the method of keller, stablished that the

minimum area relation

AE
A 0 , should be:

A E ( 1.3+0.3 Z ) T
=
+K
A0
P0 Pv D 2
Where:
T= propeller trust (Kg)
Z= blade numbers
Kg
P0 = static pressure on propeller shaft (
2
m )
P0=P A + gh

GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER

P A = 10332.27

Kg
m2

=1025 , sea water density

g= 9.81

Kg
m3

m
s2

h= Shaft immersion (m)

Pv = water vapor pressure (Kg/m2)
D= Propeller diameter (m)
K= coefficient with a value of 0.2 for vessel with a single shaft

T=

Propeller Trust
THP
VA

0 =

THP
THP=DHP0
DHP

This analysis was made for each ratio of areas, and in such a relationship that generate
us better performance.
5. REFERENCES
[1] Luzbel e. Fernndez, Dimensionamiento de una hlice para un buque tanque
(7860kw) utilizando la serie B de wageningen calculada por expresiones polinmicas y
clculo dimensional de su eje de propulsin, ETSN, Trabajo de fin de grado, Octubre
2013.

GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

10

Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral

Ship Design II
FINAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF 2,500 DWT BULK CARRIER

GROUP 3: PROPULSION SYSTEM, GOVERNMENT AND MANEUVERABILITY

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