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GEOMETRIC
Introduction of
Dimensioning and Tolerancing
To improve quality of drawings need to
standardize.
1935 American Standards Association published
During wartime production (Worl War II), high
scrap rates due to parts that would not assemble
properly.This was cause by weakness in
plus/minus sytem of coordinate dimensioning.
British innovated and standardize in 1944.
Now Geometric Dimensioning (G.D) and
Tolerancing (T) uses by 70%-80% of all major
camponies.
Advantages
1. Saving money for company
2. Improve communications by reducing
controversy and assumption. Design,
production, and inspection all work to the same
language.
3. Better product designs - based on part
function
4. Production tolerances increased
FUNCTIONAL DIMENSIONING
Two term used extensively
features :- applied to a physical portion of a
part such as surface, hole, or slot.
features-of-size :- one cylinderical or spherical
surface or a set of parallel surface which each
is associated with a size dimension.
Location Dimension
Is a dimension which locates a centerline or centerplane of a
features-of-size
When a features-of-sizes contains the most amount of
13 geometric symbols
use in language of
G.D & T
5 categories :
1. Form
2. Orientation
3. Location
4. Runout
5. Profile
MODIFYING SYMBOLS
5 modifying symbols used in G.D & T
APPLICATIONS
A features control frame can be applied to
either a feature or feature-of-size.
Applies to
the surface
Applies to
the axis of
diameter
BASIC DIMENSION
A basic dimension is a numerical value used to describe theoretically
BONUS TOLERANCE
The bonus tolerance values come from the features-of-
VIRTUAL CONDITION
When analyzing part that assemble with other part it
FORM CONTROL
When discussing the form of an object, one is discussing the
FLATNESS
A flatness is a condition which all surface
element are in one plane.
On such surface, all elements in two or more
STRAIGHTNESS
Straightness is a condition where each line element of a
CIRCULARITY
Circularity is a condition where at any radial section
CYLINDRICITY
Cylindricity is the condition of a surface forming a
cylinder where the surface elements in cross
section parallel to the axis are straight and
parallel and in cross section perpendicular to the
axis are round.
What is Datum??
Datum is a point, line, plane or other geometrical
Purpose Of Datum ?
Datum are used primarily to locate a part in a repeatable manner for
Primary Datum
If the primary datum features is a flat surface, it
could be laid on a suitable plane surface, such as
the surface of a gauge, which would then
become a primary datum.
Secondary Datum
If the part is brought into contact with a
secondary plane while lying on the primary
plane, it will theoretically touch at a minimum of
two point.
Tertiary Datum
The part Can be slid along while maintaining contact with
Datumidentifying symbol
ORIENTATION CONTROL :
PERPENDICULARITY
Perpendicularity is the condition of a surface, or
centerplane being exactly 90 to a datum.
ANGULARITY
Angularity is the condition of a surface,
centerplane or axis being exactly at specified
angle from a datum.
LOCATION CONTROL