Air Sampling Brochure

SCIENTIFIC
Quality Solutions for

Air Sampling & Par ticle Analysis
2010 E DI T I ON
AE ROSOL CH AR AC T E RI SAT I ON AN D RE SE ARCH M I L I TARY AN D CI V I L DE F E N CE INDU ST R IA L H EA LT H A ND SA FET Y

DI E SE L E M I SSI ON AN ALYSI S M I CROB I OLOG I C AL CON TAM I N ATI ON NA NO PA RT IC L E R ESEA RC H
28/7/10 11:41:45
Air Sampling Cover.indd 2
INTRODUCTION
COPLEY SCIENTIFIC A BRIEF HISTORY
Our Philosophy
Copley Scientific was founded by Frank Copley in 1946 to

manufacture and supply laboratory equipment and glassware
to the pharmaceutical industry.The company has been based in
Nottingham, UK, since that date.
Today, users of our instrumentation demand that it is (a) precise and

accurate (b) simple to use and operate and (c) robust and rugged.
In 1957, Copley Scientific began to focus on test equipment for

pharmaceutical solid dosage forms. As a result we have built
up a wealth of experience in supplying and supporting such
equipment in both the UK and internationally. As part of our
rapid expansion Copley Scientific is now responsible for the
manufacture and worldwide supply of its own innovative range
of tablet dissolution, disintegration, friability and hardness testers
in addition to test equipment for creams, ointments, powders,
suppositories and transdermal patches.
Whilst still operating as a family-owned company, Copley
Scientific has continued to expand and increase its range of
products and services. During the 1980s Copley scientific began
developing a new range of inhaler test equipment to meet the
growing demand for drugs delivered to the respiratory tract. We
are now recognised as one of the worlds largest manufacturers
of inhaler test equipment, with a broad range of equipment,
software and services to meet the requirements of inhaled drug
development for both topical and systemic applications.
The Copley philosophy is based on the premise that the accuracy

and reproducibility of test results, and hence the ability to discern
between products can only be achieved with instrumentation
conceived using quality by design principles and maintained
through the rigorous application of quality control standards within
a Quality Management System such as ISO 9001: 2008.
It is the application of this philosophy to the manufacture of all our
instruments that guarantees you, the user, an instrument of the
highest quality and reliability.
ISO 9001: 2008 Quality Management System
Copley Scientific is committed to delivering quality products and
services to our customers. Continual improvement is an essential
part of achieving customer satisfaction and we constantly strive to
exceed the expectations of the industries we serve.
In pursuance of these goals, Copley has gained certification for its
Quality Management System to the new ISO 9001: 2008 standard
published in November 2008 to replace the previous
ISO 9001: 2000.
In 2000, Copley Scientific formed a strategic partnership with MSP

Corporation (see Page 2), a US-based company that specialises in
aerosol particle science, to sell their range of instrumentation for
the aerodynamic particle size measurement of inhaled drugs. In
2006, this partnership was extended to include MSPs range of air
sampling and aerosol characterisation products, making Copley
Scientific a major supplier of research grade aerosol analysis
equipment outside the USA.
In 2003, we opened a new sales and service company in
Switzerland to assist in supporting our increasing number of
customers on the European mainland.This was followed in 2005
by the relocation of Copley Scientifics UK-based headquarters to
a new, larger purpose-built facility in Nottingham.
Copley Scientific also works closely with a number of specialist
distributors to ensure that our range of products is supplied and
supported around the world.
The combination of both experience and flexibility within the
industries we support ensures that Copley Scientific will
continue to provide innovative, high quality solutions to
our customers, well into the future.
Air Sampling 2010.indd 1
28/7/10 11:44:03
MSP CORPORATION - PIONEERING AEROSOL RESEARCH
Founded in 1985 by Professor Ben Y H Liu and Professor Virgil A Marple, both acknowledged experts in the field of air sampling
and particle analysis, MSP Corporation is a global applied aerosol/particle technology company providing advanced products and
services to the world of aerosol research. Copley Scientific distributes MSPs air sampling and particle analysis products exclusively
in Europe.
Professor Benjamin Y H Liu
Professor Benjamin Y H Liu is the CEO and President of MSP

Corporation, a company he co-founded with Professor Virgil
Marple. He was a Regents Professor at the University of Minnesota
before his retirement in 2002. At various times at the University of
Minnesota, he served as the Director of the Particle Technology
Laboratory, the Environmental Division, and the Center for
Filtration Research. During his academic career he published more
than 400 papers and reports, and guided 42 PhD students to
completion.
He is a founding director and a past President of the American
Association for Aerosol Research and a founding Editor-inChief of the Aerosol Science and Technology journal. He was
elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1987 for his
pioneering contributions to aerosols. He was awarded the Fuchs
prize in 1994 by the aerosol societies of Europe, Japan and the
USA in recognition of his contributions to aerosol science and
instrumentation.
Professor Lius contributions to aerosol instrumentation include
some of the mostly widely used instruments in the world, such
as the differential mobility analyser, the vibrating orifice aerosol
generator and the Kr-85 and Po-210 aerosol charge neutralisers.
He also joined with Prof. Marple in developing the original Uniform
Deposit Impactor (MOUDI).
At MSP, he continues to guide the companys effort in developing
new and advanced instrumentation, including for counting
airborne fibres, for counting low levels of particles in cleanrooms,
and for extending the range of the WPS down to 5 nanometres.
Professor Virgil A Marple
Professor Virgil A Marple, Vice President and co-founder of MSP

Corporation, is a recognised authority in the design of cascade
and virtual impactors. He has been a Professor of Mechanical
Engineering at the University of Minnesota since 1970, following
his dissertation work on the fundamentals of cascade impactor
performance.
At the University of Minnesota, he has pioneered the design
and implementation of multi-nozzle cascade impactors for use
in industrial hygiene, ambient sampling, pharmaceutical inhaler
testing, mining, fundamental research and cleanroom applications.
Products derived from this work include the Multiple-Orifice
Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDI), the Personal Environmental
Monitor (PEM), the Marple 290 Personal Impactor, the Marple-Miller
Impactor (MMI) and the Next Generation Pharmaceutical Impactor
(NGI).
He was a member of the National Research Council committee
on Measurement and Control of Respirable Dust in Mines in 1980,
received the Americal Aerosol for Aerosol Research David Sinclair
Award in 1988 and has many patents related to inertial classifiers.
In recent years, he has pioneered the extension of cascade
impactors to the nanoparticle range achieving cut-points down
to 5 nanometres as reflected in MSPs NanoMOUDI product
offerings. Currently, he directs the Particle Calibration Laboratory
at the University of Minnesota, a world class facility with the
equipment and methods for passing monodisperse particles into
inertial separators, such as cascade impactors, for the purpose of
calibrating their performance.
28/7/10 11:44:19
CONTENTS
Specials
Introduction (Air Sampling and Particle Analysis)

Introduction
Particulate Matter (Aerosols)
The Study of Particulate Matter or Aerosols
Air Sampling and Particle Analysis
Range of Instrumentation
Introduction
4
4
4
5
Wide Range Particle Sizing

Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer Model 1000XP (WPS)
Introduction
General
Principle of Operation
Operation
Summary
Technical Specifications
6
7
8
10
10
11
Air Sampling & Particle Analysis in the Coarse to Nano range

MOUDI Wide-Range Cascade Impactors
Introduction
General
Unique Features
Description
Applications
12
13
14
15
16
Aerosol Generation and Monitoring

Aerosol Generator and Monitor Model 1500
Tandem AGM Model 1040XP
30
31
Aerosol Concentration
Aerosol Concentrator Model 4220
32
32
Real-Time Fibre Monitoring

Real-Time Fibre Monitor Model 7400AD
33
Ancillaries
Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps
Low Capacity Pump Model LCP5
High Capacity Pump Model HCP5
34
34
Flow Meters
Flow Meter Model DFM 2000
35
Calibration Services
35
Index
36
Air Sampling & Particle Analysis in the Coarse to Ultrafine range

Introduction
3-Stage Impactor Model 100-S4
3-Stage Impactor for PM1, 2.5 and 10 Sampling
17
18
5-Stage Marple-Miller Impactors

5-Stage Marple-Miller Impactor Model 160
5-Stage Marple-Miller Impactor Model 150
19
19
8-Stage Andersen Impactors

8-Stage Andersen Std Version (28.3 L/min)
Modified Versions for use at 60 and 90 L/min
20
20
5-Stage High Flow Impactor Model 130

5-Stage High-Flow Impactors Models 128-131
22
Micro-Environmental Monitor Model 400

Micro-Environmental Monitor (2.5 microns)
Micro-Environmental Monitor (10 microns)
Diffusion Denuder DDS Model 450
23
23
23
Universal Air Sampler Model 310

Universal Air Sampler Model 310 (PM2.5)
Universal Air Sampler Model 310 (PM10)
24
24
COPYRIGHT
This edition of the Copley Scientific Limited brochure is
copyright 2010. All rights reserved. No portion of this catalogue
may be reproduced without the permission of Copley Scientific
Limited. Copley Scientific Limited reserves the right to make
changes without further notice to any products herein to
improve reliability or design.
Copley Scientific Limited does not assume any liability arising
out of the application or use of any product described herein.
Neither does it convey any licence under its patent rights nor
the rights of others.
Any third party documentation or organisation mentioned
herein is referential only and implies no company or product
endorsement from, or affiliation, with Copley Scientific Limited.
Personal Air Samplers

Introduction
25
Personal Environmental Monitor Series 200

Single-Stage PEM Model PEM-2
26
26
26
Personal Environmental Monitor (Speciation Type)

PMASS Aerosol Speciation Sampler Model 240
27
Personal Environmental Monitor (Marple Type)

Multi-Stage PEM Model 135-6
28
28
Universal Environmental Monitor (Marple Type)

28
28
28/7/10 11:44:34
AIR SAMPLING AND PARTICLE ANALYSIS
PARTICULATE MATTER (AEROSOLS)
Particulate Matter (PM), alternatively referred to as Aerosols, Fine

Particles or Particulates, comprises small particles of chemically
and physically diverse solid or liquid suspended in a gas. In the
case of ambient air, this Particulate Matter is a complex mixture
of solid and liquid particles many of which, such as bacteria,
dust, pollen, smoke, spores and soot, can be hazardous to health.
More specific particulate matter generated by industrial and
construction processes can be equally, if not more, dangerous.
Air Sampling and Particle Analysis play key roles in determining

the physical and chemical properties of particulate matter that
are critical to aerosol characterisation. In many cases the physical
properties will determine the effect, and the chemical properties
will determine the source and formation of the particles concerned.
It is these roles combined with the increasing demands of
emerging nanotechnologies that provide the current challenge in
the continuing development of aerosol instrumentation.
The particles concerned can be divided into primary particles

emitted directly into the atmosphere from sources such as vehicle
exhausts and secondary particles formed in the atmosphere from
vapour condensation or chemical reactions. They range in size from
less than 10 nanometres to more than 100 microns in diameter
although only particles smaller than 10 microns in diameter are
thought to have an adverse effect on human health. The size of
such particles is normally classified as coarse (2.5 to 10 microns),
fine (0.1 to 2.5 microns) or ultrafine (below 0.1 microns).
Founded in 1985 by Professor Ben Y H Liu and Professor Virgil

Marple, both acknowledged experts in the field of Air Sampling
and Particle Analysis, MSP Corporation is a global applied aerosol/
particle technology company providing advanced instruments,
products and services to the world of aerosol research.
Airborne particles are produced by a number of natural sources

including airborne dust, sea spray, forest and grassland fires,
volcanic activity and biological particulates such as pollen, fungi,
etc., as well as man-made sources resulting from incomplete
combustion processes, industry and construction.
Anthropogenic aerosols emanate mainly from the burning of
fossil fuels. They are comprised of primary emissions from motor
vehicle emissions and coal combustion consisting of unburned
fuel (hydrocarbons), black carbon (soot), sulphur, mineral salts
and traces of toxic metals and secondary particles formed in the
atmosphere from hydrocarbons, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides.
THE STUDY OF PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) OR AEROSOLS
In the field of Aerosol Counting and Sizing MSP has, in the

miniaturised Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer WPS, combined
the principles employed in Differential Mobility Analysis (DMA) and
Condensation Particle Counting (CPC) with those of laser scattering
to produce a single, compact and user friendly instrument
capable of automatically counting and sizing particles from 5
nanometres to 10 microns.
In the Aerosol Sampling field, MSPs range of cascade impactors
are world renowned. With a range of 10 nanometres to 18
microns, the new Wide-Range MOUDI, NanoMOUDI and Hi-Flow
Impactors, for example, continue that tradition in providing a
new generation of instrumentation for the sampling and sizing of
coarse, fine and ultrafine particles in a single instrument.
MSP also undertakes special and bespoke projects. One
commerically available product that has resulted from such a
project is the Aerosol Concentrator: a device for concentrating
particles (<2 microns) from a 300 L/min Sample Flow into a 1 L/min
output flow for collection and analysis.
Because of the well-documented environmental changes, health

hazards and, in some instances, health benefits brought about by
Particulate Matter (PM) or Aerosols, their study is of increasing
importance in a number fields:
Atmospheric aerosol research including global climate and
air quality
Diesel and gasoline emission analysis and monitoring
Industrial hygiene and occupational health studies
Microbiological contamination: hospital, food processing,
sterile production
Military and civil defence
Nanoparticle research
Pharmaceutical inhalation research and
quality control
28/7/10 11:44:37
INSTRUMENT SELECTON GUIDE
WIDE RANGE PARTICLE SPECTROMETER (WPS) AND COUNTERS

Model
Instrument
Flow Rate (LPM)
Size Range (nm)
Page
1000 XP-A
Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer (WPS)
1.15
10 to 10,000 (WPS)
1000 XP-B
Scanning Mobility Spectrometer (SMS)
0.45
10 to 500 (SMS)
1100
High-Dilution CPC (CPC-HD)
0.45
5-20 (User selectable

detection limit
MOUDI IMPACTORS
Model
Flow
Stages
(LPM)
Cut-Point Diameter (microns)
Page
0.01 0.018 0.032 0.056 0.1 0.18
0.32
0.56
1.0
1.8
3.2
5.6
10
18
MOUDI - II : 2nd Generation MOUDI Impactor with Stepper Motor Rotating (R) or Non-Rotating (NR) Stages
120
30
10
125
10
13
12
12
Marple Multi-Stage Personal Environmental Monitor for Personal Sampling and Laboratory Use
135-6
135-8
135-10
10
135-13
13
28
28
28
28
IMPACTOR AND PARTICLE SAMPLERS

Model
Flowrate
Stages
(LPM)
Cut-Point Diameter (microns)

0.25
0.4
0.8
Page
1.0
1.4
2.5
10
18
22
22
4-Stage Micro-Orifice Impactor: for PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 Sampling

100-SA
30
3
High Flow Impactor (HFI)
128
100
129
100
130
100
131
100
22
26
22
Personal Environmental Monitor: for PM2.5 and PM10 Sampling

200
2, 4,10
1
Personal Environmental Aerosol Specification Sampler (PMASS)
240
27
Micro-Environmental Monitor
400
10
23
Other
140
Andersen Impactor: 28.3, 60 or 90 L/min
8 Stages between 0.4 and 10 microns
20
160
Marple-Miller Impactor: 4.9 to 90 L/min
8 Stages between 0.625 and 10 microns
19
310
Universal Air Sampler: 300 L/min
24
28/7/10 11:44:40
Wide Range
Particle Sizing
INTRODUCTION
The miniaturised Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer
Model 1000XP (WPS) is a must-have instrument for
the aerosol and environmental research laboratory. It is
the only general purpose high-resolution spectrometer
available on the market that combines laser light scattering,
differential mobility analysis and condensation particle
counting in a single instrument to measure the diameter
and number concentration of aerosol particles in a
sampled air stream.
The differential mobility analyser (DMA) and the
condensation particle counter (CPC) can measure aerosol
size distributions in the 5 to 500 nm particle diameter
range in up to 96 channels. The laser particle spectrometer
(LPS) can measure aerosol size distributions in the 350
nm to 10 microns particle diameter range in 24 additional
channels.
The result is a spectrometer seamlessly covering three
orders of magnitude in particle diameter, giving a range of
5 nanometres 10 microns
in one single, easy-to-use and compact instrument.
Attention to detail has resulted in an instrument measuring
only 43 cm wide x 52 cm deep x 32 cm high and weighing
less than 25 kg. This compact design makes the WPS
particularly suited to those aerosol particle sizing and
counting functions that demand frequent transportation
between laboratory and field applications.
The WPS Model 1000XP is also the only aerosol
spectrometer on the market featuring integrated system
design and control. Operation is extremely user friendly
with programmed recipe-driven operation, minimising set
up errors and ensuring repeatable data collection.
The software (WPS Commander) assumes complete control
over all of the system components via the mouse and inbuilt plasma screen. Data analysis software is included to
allow the export of data to
ernal laptop/host
an external
er and converting
computer
count distribution data
olume and surface
to volume
area distributions.
Data fitting routines
are also provided to
allow fitting of size
ibution data by
distribution
mono-, bi- or tri-modal
aerosol distribution
tions.
functions.
3/8/10 11:27:14
WIDE RANGE PARTICLE SIZING
WIDE-RANGE PARTICLE SPECTROMETER MODEL 1000XP (WPS)

The three instrument components (LPS, DMS and SMS) can be
used singly or in combination in one of five operating modes:
Particle size distribution in the 5 nm 10 micron range is a critical

parameter in the characterisation of an aerosol cloud and is a vital
area in environmental air monitoring and laboratory research.
Hitherto, the conventional approach to particle sizing has been
a somewhat haphazard collection of laser particle counting,
differential mobility analysing and condensation particle counting
equipment (see page 10).
Stand-alone Mode
LPS Mode: Range 0.5 10 microns, Cycle 1 minute
DMS Mode: Range 5 500 nm, Cycle 2 to 15 minutes
SMS Mode: Range 5 500 nm, Cycle 1 minute
Dual Range Mode
WPS Mode (LPS + DMS) : Range 5 nm 10 microns,
Cycle 2 to 15 minutes
SWS Mode (LPS + SMS) : Range 5 nm 10 microns,
Cycle 1 minute
The miniaturised Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer (WPS)

Model 1000XP-A is a single, lightweight, compact and hence
portable unit designed to operate in the range from 5 nm to
10 microns.
The unit is designed to operate at a flow rate of 1.15 L/min.
Approximately 60% of the incoming sample, 0.7 L/min, is directed
into the Laser Particle Spectrometer (LPS Mode) which sizes and
counts particles between 0.5 and 10 microns. Simultaneously, the
remaining 0.45 L/min is directed into the Differential Mobility
Analyser (DMA) for size classification and particle counting by the
Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) between 5 and 500 nm.
The instrument provides 12, 24, 48, 96 and 128 channels of size
distribution.
A second version of the 1000XP is available for those users who
only require to operate in the 5 to 500 nm range. The 1000XP-B
has exactly the same functions as the 1000XP-A but without the
LPS function (ie DMA functions only).
The CPC is of the thermal diffusion type where butanol condenses

on the sampled particles making them a size capable of detection.
Particle concentrations can be accurately determined using
single particle counting from less than 1 to as many as
10,000 particles/cm3.
All units are calibrated at manufacture to NIST (National Institute

of Standards and Technology) traceable standards.
Operational control of the 1000XP is managed by a powerful
in-built computer running on Windows XP using software
specifically written for the purpose. The in-built plasma display,
which is used in conjunction with the mouse for user interface, is
unaffected by high temperatures thus ensuring display data can
be seen in both field and laboratory conditions.
The DMA voltage can be used in either the traditional stepped

Differential Mobility Spectrometer (DMS) mode or in the more rapid
scanning Scanning Mobility Spectrometer (SMS) mode.
The nominal cycle time for the SMS is 1 minute. For the DMS,
the cycle time is adjustable between 2 and 5 minutes.
Multi-parameter control of air flow, voltage, temperature and
pressure ensures the highest precision.
1.15 L/min
28/7/10 11:44:49

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
The schematic on the previous page shows the standard WPS
Model 1000XP configuration.
The Laser Particle Spectrometer (LPS) is a single-particle, wideangle optical sensor used for measuring particle size from 350 nm
to 10 microns. Particles are drawn from the aerosol inlet at a flow
rate of 0.70 L/min and focused with a 4.5 L/min flow of sheath air
towards the centre of a ribbon-shaped laser beam generated by a
laser diode (780 nm, 5 mW).
Light scattered by each particle is collected by a spherical mirror
over a 20 to 100 degree range of scatter angle and projected on
to a red-enhanced photomultiplier tube for real-time pulse-height
analysis, hence providing real-time particle sizing in 24 channels
covering the 350 nm to 10 micron particle diameter range. The
refractive index of the particles, if known, can be entered in to the
WPS Particle Properties screen for more accurate particle sizing if
desired.
The new Miniature Differential Mobility Analyser (DMA)
employed in the WPS is capable of classifying particles in the size
range from 5 to 500 nm by capturing the narrow range of particles
that have a common trajectory within an electrical mobility
analyser and then passing them through a condensation particle
counter (CPC).
The DMA flow is first conditioned by passing it through a singlestage impactor designed to remove any particulates larger than
500 nm. The remaining particles (smaller than 500 nm) are then
passed through a charge neutraliser in the form of an electrical
ioniser such that the emerging particles carry a Boltzmann
distribution of charges (the overall charge is zero, but the aerosol
contains well defined portions of particles carrying +/- 1, 2, 3, etc)
Clean Air
Charger
Miniaturised DMA and CPC
The Electrical Ioniser Model 1090 was originally designed as a

stand-alone unit to provide a non-radioactive alternative to the
Polonium 210 radioactive charge conditioner originally employed
on the WPS. It uses an AC corona discharge to generate high
concentrations of positive and negative ions for aerosol charge
conditioning without generating undesirable extraneous particles.
The 1090 is designed to operate at flow rates of 0.5 to 5 L/min.
The conditioned aerosol is then introduced to the DMA where
the central electrode voltage can be accurately controlled to any
value between 10 and 10,000 volts. The mean size of the particles
that pass through the exit slot of the DMA into the Condensation
Particle Counter (CPC) is a function of the flow rate and the
strength of the electrical field. Thus, for any specific voltage, only
particles with a specific electrical mobility enter the slit. All other
particles are collected on surfaces inside the DMA or leave with
the excess flow dependent on their size. The overall length of
the DMA is just over 200 mm (about one third of the length of a
conventional DMA). The shorter DMA design reduces particle loss
by diffusion leading to improved measurement accuracy for nanosized particles.
Sampled
Aerosol
High
Voltage
Supply
Exit Slit
Excess Air
To Particle
Counter
Principle of the Differential Mobility Analyser (DMA)
WPS with Electrical Ioniser Model 1090
28/7/10 11:44:54

The DMA voltage can be either stepped (Differential Mobility
Spectrometer or DMS Mode) or scanned exponentially
(Scanning Mobility Spectrometer or SMS Mode). The
cylindrical DMA works in a re-circulating mode whereby the
sheath air flow is in a closed loop with a steady flow of
4.5 L/min accurately maintained by a feedback control system
to improve size response and resolution. At the same time,
sensors monitor the absolute pressure and temperature of
the air flow, the results of which are used to compensate for
changes in environmental altitude and temperature.
The particles extracted by the DMA are then transferred
to a miniaturised Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)
whereupon they are grown to a size at which they can be
detected and counted. The miniaturised CPC is of advanced
dual-reservoir design that has solved the traditional problems
of water condensation and collection in the saturator in
moderate to high humidity conditions by segregating the
condensed water from the working fluid (butanol). It also
features rapid warm-up time and instrument response for
accurate aerosol measurement.
The CPC is of the thermal diffusion type with a saturator

maintained at 35 degrees C. The aerosol particles are mixed
with butanol vapour before entering the condenser which is
maintained at 10 degrees C, whereupon the butanol condenses
on the particles making them grow for easy optical detection.
The resulting droplets are then counted by a light scattering
droplet counter utilising a laser diode beam and photo detector.
A feedback flow control system maintains the CPC flow rate at
a constant of 0.45 L/min. The aerosol leaving the CPC is mixed
with clean air prior to exiting the exhaust at the rear of the
instrument.
During automated operation, the computer software assumes
full control of the system operation including regulation of
all flow rates, control of the LPS, DMA and CPC operating
parameters, monitoring of sensor outputs, acquisition of all
system operating parameters, execution of the measurement
cycles according to the loaded recipe and data output storage.
An alarm screen allows the user to set limits for various of the
operating parameters; appropriate alarms alert the user should
they be exceeded.
Note: The Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) with built-in
high-dilution facilities employed on the WPS is now available
as a separate unit in both original form (Model 1100) and new
water-based version (Model 1110). Please ask our sales team for
further details.
From this to this
Is it time that YOU upgraded your existing aerosol testing system?
3/8/10 11:28:27
1. Launch Programme
4. Results: Graph Screen (SWS Data)
OPERATION
The sequence for automatic operation of the 1000XP is as follows:
1. Launch the programme: allow 15 minutes to stabilise
2. Check for correct status of the main operating parameters on
the Monitor screen
3. Set up the instrument by choosing or creating a measurement
recipe from one of the five Mode Setup screens provided*
4. Start the measurement cycle
5. Observe the measured size distribution in real-time (Graph screen)
6. Transfer/export the data files to an external source if required
7. End the programme
* LPS, DMS, SMS, WPS or SWS Modes
SUMMARY
What distinguishes this instrument from similar instruments?
2. Correct Status(Monitor Screen)
The Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer Model 1000XP is currently

the only stand-alone miniaturised spectrometer that combines the
following features in a single instrument:
Wide-Range: 5 nanometres 10 microns
DMA, CPC and LPS technology combined in a single
instrument
Compact: 43 cm wide x 52 cm deep x 32 cm high (25 kg)
In-built computer with user friendly interface via mouse and
in-built plasma screen
Choice of five recipe-controlled operating modes
Easy to transport and set up from lab to field
Choice of 12, 24, 48, 96 or 128 channels of size resolution
Hardware and software integrated into one system
Cat.No. Description
3. Setup (WPS Mode)
9401
9402
Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer Model 1000XP-A

Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer Model 1000XP-B*
* As 1000XP-A but without LPS function (Range = 5 to 500 nm)

9403
9404
Condensation Particle Counter Model 1100

Condensation Particle Counter Model 1110
(water-based)
10
28/7/10 11:45:12
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS*
WIDE-RANGE PARTICLE SPECTROMETER (WPS)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Sample Flow Rate

Particle Size Range
Size Resolution
Differential Mobility Analyser (DMA)
Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)
Laser Particle Spectrometer (LPS)
Sample Interval Time
Sampling Average
Instrument Modes
Scanning Wide-Range Particle
Spectrometer (SWPS)
Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer
(WPS)
Scanning Mobility Spectrometer (SMS)
Differential Mobility Spectromer (DMS)
Laser Particle Spectrometer (LPS)
Ambient Pressure Range
Ambient Temperature Range
Ambient Humidity Range
Power
1.15 L/min
5 nm to 10,000 nm
User-selectable, up to 128 channels from 10 nm to 10,000 nm
Miniature high resolution DMA
Continuous flow Advanced Dual-Reservoir CPC
High-resolution, wide-angle LPS, 350 nm to 10,000 nm
60 sec to 24 hrs, user selectable
2-999 scans
Five mode of operation
WPS=DMS + LPS
SMS
DMS
LPS
800 to 1050 mbar absolute pressure
10 to 35 C
0-90% RH, non-condensing
90-264 VAC, 47-67 Hz, single phase, 100 W steady state, 140 W start up
14
15
Dimensions
Weight
12.5 (318 mm) H, 20.5 (521 mm) D, 17.0 (432 mm) W

47 lbs (21.4 kg)
SWPS = SMS + LPS
SCANNING MOBILITY SPECTROMETER (SMS)

1
2
3
4
Sample Flow Rate

DMA Sheath Air Flow Rate
Particle Size Range
DMA Sizing Accuracy
CPC Count Accuracy
6
7
8
9
10
11
CPC Concentration Range

CPC Working Fluid
CPC Response Time (95% response)
DMA-CPC Aerosol Concentration Range
Measurement Cycle Time
Size Resolution
12
13
Sample Interval Time

Sampling Average
LASER PARTICLE SPECTROMETER (LPS)

1
Sample Flow Rate
2
Sheath Flow Rate
3
Particle Size Range
4
Particle Concentration Range
5
Size Resolution
6
Light Source
7
Light Collection
8
Detector
DMA and CPC, 0.45 L/min

Recirculating mode, 4.5 L/min
DMA, 10-500 nm; CPC 10 nm to 2 m
Mean Mobility Diameter: 3% of NIST Traceable PSL (Standard Reference)
Materials, 100.7 and 269 nm)
10% (compared to standard MSP CPC);
Single particle counting mode
0 to 104 particles/cm3 ; (single particle counting mode)
n-butyl alcohol (butanol)
< 10 sec
500 to 107 particles/cm3 (total aerosol concentration)
60 to 300 seconds, user selectable
12, 24, 32, 48, or 96 channels, log scale in the SMS Mode; 1-96 channels, log
or linear scale in the DMS Mode
60 sec to 24 hrs, user selectable
2-999 scans
0.7 L/min
4.5 L/min
300 nm to 10,000 nm
500 particles per cm3
16 channels per decade; 24 channels total
Laser diode, 635 nm, 5 mW
20 to 100 degrees
Infrared-enhanced photomultiplier tube
*Subject to change without notice
11
28/7/10 11:45:20

in the Coarse to Nano Range
INTRODUCTION
Airborne particles suspended in the air that we breathe
can be hazardous to health.
Every day we are exposed to an ever increasing number
of threats: bacteria, dust, pollen, smoke, spores and soot to
name a few. More specific particles generated by industrial
and construction processes can be equally, if not more,
dangerous.
The particles concerned range in size from less than
10 nanometres to more than 100 microns in diameter,
although only particles smaller than 10 microns in
diameter (ie those that can be inhaled into the lungs) are
thought to have an adverse effect on human health.
There is mounting evidence that the smaller the
particle the greater the potential for damage. It has, for
example, been proved that nanoparticles smaller than
100 nanometres can pass through cell membranes and
migrate to the brain, where they can cause damage similar
to that found in Alzheimer patients. Particles emitted from
modern diesel engines are typically 100 nanometres in
size.
Air Sampling and Particle Analysis play a key role in
nanoparticle research.
MSP Corporation is a global applied aerosol/particle
technology company providing advanced instruments,
products and services to the world of aerosol research.
In the Aerosol Sampling field, MSPs range of cascade
impactors is world renowned.
With a range of 10 nanometres to 18 microns,
the new series of Wide-Range Nano MOUDI*
Cascade Impactors continues that tradition
in providing a new generation of
instrumentation for the sampling, sizing
and analysis of coarse, fine, ultrafine and
nanofine particles.
The primary advantage of the Cascade Impactor,
compared with alternative methods, is that it
allows chemical analysis of the various size
fractions collected thus providing the capability
to differentiate and quantify the particle sources
making up the sample mass based on particle
type as well as particle size.
or (MOUDI)
* Micro-Orifice Uniform-Deposit Impactor
12
3/8/10 11:29:19
AIR SAMPLING AND PARTICLE ANALYSIS IN THE COARSE TO NANO RANGE
MOUDI WIDE-RANGE CASCADE IMPACTORS

The unique aerodynamic design of the MOUDI (Micro-Orifice
Uniform Deposit Impactor) family of impactors makes it possible
to collect size-fractionated airborne particulate matter over the
widest possible range of particle sizes - 10 nm to 18 microns.
Rigorous adherence to aerodynamic principles, unique microorifice stages and the ability to spread out the collected deposits
ensures that the MOUDI range provides unparalleled capabilities
and data confidence for the collection and study of the
increasingly wide range of particles of interest to industrial and
academic aerosol researchers.
In common with the original Models 100 and 110 (which continue
to be available on request), the new MOUDI Model 120 and
NanoMOUDI Models 125A and 125B operate on the same basic
principle as any other multiple-nozzle inertial cascade impactor.
The MOUDI is designed such that as the aerosol stream passes
through each stage, particles having sufficient enough inertia will
impact upon that particular stage collection plate, whilst smaller
particles with insufficient inertia will follow the stream lines and
pass to the next impaction stage.
The stages are assembled in a stack in order of decreasing particle
size (where the nozzles are smaller, the air velocity through the
nozzles is higher and finer particles are collected) until the smallest
particles are collected at an after-filter.
The particle size distribution is determined by weighing the
particles captured on each stage. If desired, the captured particles
can also be analysed chemically by standard means.
In the case of the MOUDI, the range of the impactor has been
extended down to 10 and 56 nanometres respectively by the use
of thousands of small micro-orifices in the lower stages. These
serve to reduce jet velocity, particle bounce, pressure drop and
evaporative loss from collected particle samples containing semivolatile material.
Aerosol Flow
Left: NanoMOUDI Rotating Wide-range Impactor Model 125B (Exterior)

Right: NanoMOUDI Rotating Wide-range Impactor Model 125B (Interior)
One of the unique features of the MOUDI is the ability (if desired)
to rotate the impactor plates to spread out the particle deposit
uniformly over the stage. This minimises particle build-up under
each nozzle and reduces possible particle blow-off by the jets.
It also allows the collected particle mass to be greatly increased
before over-loading occurs.
The range of MOUDI impactors is noted for its aerodynamic stage
design resulting in sharp cut-off characteristics and low interstage particle losses. These design characteristics combined with
stringent quality control processes have made the MOUDI the
impactor of choice by researchers for whom high quality sample
and data quality are essential. It is these characteristics that form
the basis of the second generation of MOUDI impactors.
The new generation of MOUDI impactors have additional
attributes that make the impactors more user friendly and assist
the user in gaining ever greater measurement precision.
Three new models are available in addition to the original 100
Series:
The MOUDI Model 120 is a rotating model designed to operate
at 30 L/min. It has 10 impactor stages with cut-point diameters
from 0.056 to 10 microns (56 to 10,000 nanometres) plus a final
filter.
Collection Plate
The NanoMOUDI Model 125 is similar in construction to the

MOUDI but operates at 10 L/min and has 13 impactor stages from
0.010 to 10 microns (10 to 10,000 nanometres) plus a final filter.
Principle of Operation
13
3/8/10 11:30:13
MOUDI WIDE-RANGE CASCADE IMPACTORS

The Model 125 is available in two versions, the Model 125A (nonrotating) and 125B (rotating).
The current range of MOUDI cascade impactors represents the very
latest in air sampling and particle sizing technology.
Common to all MOUDI impactors, multiple nozzles at each stage
provide for the desired flow conditions resulting in low inter-stage
losses, low pressure drop, sharp cut efficiency curves and stable,
predictable cut-points. Indeed, the nozzles of corresponding
stages are the same as the earlier versions such that a direct data
correlation can be made between the MOUDI Impactors of both
generations.
UNIQUE FEATURES
At the same time, the new range of MOUDI impactors has a
number of unique features:
Wide Range
Use of micro-orifice nozzles extends range down to 10 nm:
sizes particles according to their aerodynamic diameter between
10 nm and 10 microns, in 10 or 13 logarithmically spaced stages
(dependent on model).
Choice of Analytical Procedures
Choice of gravimetric or chemical analysis
Rotating Impactor Plates (optional)
Internal stepper motors individual to each stage rotate the
impaction plates during collection (at approx. 1 rpm) thus
providing uniform particle deposition across the stage and
avoiding particle overload.
Interchangeable Impaction Plates and Filter Holders
Provides maximum flexibility whilst sample handling. Sealed
transport covers provide protection for the impaction plates
and filter holders during transport whilst simultaneously
reducing sample evaporation and/or chemical reaction with
ambient gasses.
MOUDI Stage Schematic
PLC controlled operation (Programmable Logic Control)

Use of a programmable VGA display/controller for manual or
timed operation including pump start and stop with total
sampling time selected by the user plus internal impaction
plate rotation start and stop.
Data Acquisition
Real-time monitoring of cabinet temperature and absolute
pressures downstream of stages 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 at
predetermined time intervals throughout the test plus
subsequent download of results via built-in RS232 capability.
NanoMOUDI Non-Rotating Wide-Range

Impactor Model 125A
14
28/7/10 11:45:44
DESCRIPTION
The MOUDI consists of two main parts: the cascade impactor
itself and its associated housing, with hinged door access. The
combined unit measures 210 x 210 x 641 mm and weighs
approximately 14 kg.
Stage Components
The non-rotating version of the NanoMOUDI (Model 125A)

operates as a conventional impactor and is supplied without the
housing (see illustration on page 14).
In the rotating versions, Models 120 and 125B, the nozzle and
impaction plates rotate at 1 rpm relative to each other, to form a
near-uniform particle deposit on each substrate.
This has the effect of increasing the deposited particle mass by
a factor of up to 1000, thus more particle mass can be collected
without the risk of overloading.
The rotational motion is generated by individual stepper motors
which drive the impaction plates at each stage (see schematic).
Power for the stepper motors is controlled via electronics
contained with the housing of the impactor, with power being
distributed to each motor by miniature flat-ribbon cables from
stage to stage.
The housing also contains electronics for precisely controlling
the volumetric flow rate. These provide a readout of the cabinet
temperature and also the six absolute pressure readings from the
transducers used to monitor pressure between the more critical
micro-orifice stages of the impactor.
The flow stability data derived from these measurements provides
a quick and easy means of identifying any problems emanating
from leaks or blocked nozzles within the system.
Schematic showing relationship of Rotating Motor to Impactor Plate
If, for example, one or more of the absolute pressures on the

stages begins to drop while the flow remains constant, it indicates
that the nozzles in these stages are becoming dirty and should
be cleaned. The micro-orifice nozzles used in the final stages are
quite small and can become partially occluded due to particle
deposition by impaction or diffusion (Brownian and turbulent).
When this occurs, the pressure drop across the nozzle plates
will increase.
The MOUDI Model 120 has a flow rate of 30 L/min and cut-sizes
from 18 microns at the inlet to 56 nanometres at the lowest stage.
The standard configuration is ten stages (eleven including the
inlet) with cut-sizes at 18, 10, 5.6, 3.2, 1.8, 1.0, 0.56, 0.32, 0.18, 0.10
and 0.056 microns plus final filter.
The NanoMOUDI Model 125 has a sampling rate of
10 litres/min and cut-sizes spanning the range from 10 microns
to 10 nanometres. The standard configuration is thirteen stages
with cut-sizes at 10, 5.6, 3.2, 1.8, 1.0, 0.56, 0.32, 0.18, 0.10, 0.056,
0.032, 0.018 and 0.010 microns plus final filter.
A suitable vacuum pump is required to generate the desired flow
rate.
The pictures at the base of the page illustrate the inlet and a
typical impactor stage together with the Impaction Plate for
Stage 13 (the final stage) and the filter holder. The picture at the
top of the next page illustrates all the parts of an individual stage.
Substrates are normally used to collect the sample; these are
secured to the impaction plate holder by means of a securing ring.
The impaction plates can be prepared in the laboratory and
inserted into the impactor at the time of use. Covers are provided
for the plates to keep them clean during transit. The impactors
were designed and calibrated based on the use of a 25 nm thick
substrate having a diameter of 47 mm. Other types of filter are
available on request.
Inlet and Impactor Stage (NanoMOUDI Model 125B)
Impactor Plate for Stage and Filter Holder (Model 125B)
15
28/7/10 11:45:48
Main and Timed Operation Screens
In some cases, it may be necessary to apply a sticky surface to the

substrates to reduce particle bounce. This is normally the case if
foils are used and the sampled particles are dry.
Special coating masks (with a 37 mm diameter hole punched in
the centre) used in conjunction with a silicone spray are available
as options and are ideal for this purpose.
If the mass size distribution is to be determined from the impactor,
the substrates must be weighed before and after a run. It is
important that the weight of the sticky material applied to the
substrate be stable. It is essential therefore to ensure that all the
solvent is evaporated completely before use.
In the case of the rotating versions, overall control of the impactor
is assumed by a programmable VGA display/controller located on
the front of the housing and accessed by means of a membrane
keypad.
The unit can be operated in two modes: manual or timed
operation. Under manual operation, the vacuum pump switches
on, all of the impaction plates start to rotate and the sensor
outputs begin to transmit data to the screen immediately the
start button is pressed. Operation will continue and data will be
collected at 1 minute intervals until terminated by the stop button.
Under timed operation, the start and end of the run is
predetermined by the operator. Sampling times can be adjusted
between 5 minutes and 7 days with appropriate data logging
intervals of between 1 and 15 minutes. The sampling interval
should be selected so as to provide sufficient mass for subsequent
gravimetric or chemical analysis. Check the inlet flow rate using a
suitable flow meter prior to the start of the test.
Additional controls serve to download and erase the
environmental and pressure-related data from the memory.
Time Setting and Data Collection
APPLICATIONS
Environmental monitoring
Sampling of atmospheric aerosols
Nanoparticle research
Chemical composition of ultra-fine particles
Industrial hygiene and occupational health studies
Process aerosol analysis
Biological contamination: hospital, civil & military defence
Size-fractionated gravimetric or chemical analysis
Diesel and gasoline emission analysis and monitoring
Pharmaceutical inhalation research
Model
120
Flow Rate 30 LPM
Stages
10 (between 0.056 and 18 microns)
Model
125
Flow Rate 10 LPM
Stages
Cat. No. Description

9405
9406
9407
MOUDI Model 120 Impactor (Rotating)

NanoMOUDI Model 125A Impactor (Non-Rotating)
NanoMOUDI Model 125B Impactor (Rotating)
7901
8764

Spare Parts
9408
9409
9410
9411
8603
Set of 11 Impaction Plate Holders/Final Filter (120)

Set of 13 Impaction Plate Holders/Final Filter (125)
Spare O Ring Kit
Pack of 300 Aluminium Foil Substrates, 47 mm
Pack of 100 Glass Fibre Filters, 47 mm
16
28/7/10 11:45:59

in the Coarse to Ultrafine Range
INTRODUCTION
Airborne Particle Sampling and Analysis play key roles
in determining the physical and chemical properties
of particulate matter that are critical to environmental
characterisation. In many cases, the physical properties will
determine their effect and the chemical properties the source
and formation of the particulates concerned.
Aerosol characterisation is becoming increasingly important
because of the well-documented environmental changes,
health hazards and, in some instances, health benefits
brought about by airborne particulates. Such areas include
atmospheric research into global climatic and air quality
changes, diesel emission monitoring, occupational health
studies, military/civil defence and industrial/medical research.
Various sizing techniques are available for this purpose:
particle time of flight (TOF), laser diffractometry (LD), PhaseDoppler particle size analysis (PDA), etc. However only
cascade impaction allows chemical analysis of the various
sized fractions collected thus providing the capability to
differentiate and quantify the particles making up the sample
mass according to particle type as well as particle size.
The other methods provide no differentiation between one
particle and another; they simply measure overall particle size
distribution.
With a range from 56 nanometres to over 10 microns, the MSP
range of Cascade Impactors has been specifically designed to
sample, size and analyse airborne particles in the coarse, fine
and ultrafine size categories.
Cascade impactors operate on the principle of inertial
impaction. Each stage of the impactor comprises a single or
series of nozzles or jets through which the surrounding air is
drawn, directing any airborne particles towards the surface
of the collection plate for that particular stage. Whether a
particular particle impacts on that stage is dependent on its
aerodynamic diameter. Particles having sufficient inertia will
impact on that particular stage collection plate whilst smaller
particles with insufficient inertia will remain entrained in
the air stream and pass to the next stage where the process
is repeated.The stages are normally assembled in a stack in
order of decreasing particle size. As the jets get smaller, the
air velocity increases and finer particles are collected. Any
remaining particles are collected on an after-filter.
At the end of the test, the particle mass relating to each stage
collection plate can be measured gravimetrically and/or
recovered using a suitable solvent and then analysed using
an appropriate technique to determine the chemical makeup
of the particles concerned.
17
3/8/10 11:30:50
AIR SAMPLING AND PARTICLE ANALYSIS IN THE COARSE TO ULTRAFINE RANGE
3-STAGE IMPACTOR FOR PM1, PM2.5 AND

PM10 SAMPLING MODEL 100-S4
Airborne particles entrained in the air are a complex mix of varying
sizes and chemical composition, some of which can be hazardous
to health. Some examples are more common than others ie
asbestosis, silicosis, etc.
The particulate matter (PM) results from a variety of sources
including fuel combustion from power stations, industrial
operations and vehicle exhaust. Fine particles also form in the air
when combustion gases such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides are chemically transformed into particles.
PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 are airborne particles less than 1 (ultrafine),
2.5 (fine) and 10 (coarse) microns respectively.
The 3-Stage Impactor Model 100-S4 is a high-resolution cascade
impactor intended for general purpose sampling and is ideal for
atmospheric, industrial and health related studies. The unit has
three stages with nominal cut-points of 10, 2.5 and 1.0 microns
respectively.
The design of the impactor incorporates several unique features
that you, the user, advised as being essential to the ideal air
sampler. The most important of these is the use of interchangeable
impaction plates and filter holders. This allows the user to add and
remove the impaction substrates, for example, in the comfort of
the laboratory as opposed to risking disturbance of the particle
deposits in the field. Sealed transport covers are used to protect
the impaction plates and filter holders from contamination during
transport (to and from the test site) and to minimise evaporative
loss and chemical reaction with ambient gases of samples during
storage.
Model 100-S4: Stage dis-assembled
The sized particles are collected on 47 mm diameter aluminium

foil impaction substrates secured by a ring to the impaction
plate of each stage. In some cases, it may be necessary to apply a
sticky surface (a silicone spray is suitable for this purpose) to the
substrate to reduce particle bounce. Two coating masks (essentially
a plastic sheet with a 37 mm diameter hole punched in the centre)
are provided with each pack of substrates to facilitate this. Simply
centre the mask on the substrate and apply the spray.
Particles less than 1 micron are captured by a 47 mm diameter
glass fibre filter positioned in the final filter holder. The M100-S4
measures 80 mm diameter x 216 mm high and weighs 1.5 kg.
Sampling is carried out at 30 L/min. The Copley Low Capacity Pump
Model LCP5 is suitable for this purpose. Connect the impactor to
the pump and adjust the air flow to 30 L/min using a suitable flow
meter (see below).
Model
100-S4
Flow Rate 30 LPM
Stages
3 ( 1, 2.5 and 10 microns)
Model 100-S4: Component Parts

9412
9413
9414
8603
3-Stage Impactor Model 100-S4
3-Stage Impactor for PM1, PM2.5 and

PM10 Sampling Model M100-S4
Spare Set of 4 Impaction Plate Holders, 47 mm
and 1 x Final Filter Holder, 47 mm
Pack of 300 Aluminium Foil Substrates, 47 mm
Accessories
7903
8764

18
28/7/10 11:46:05
5-STAGE MARPLE-MILLER IMPACTOR

MODELS 150/160
Originally designed for the size distribution analysis of
pharmaceutical inhalers, the Marple-Miller Impactor Model 160
is a 5-stage cascade impactor, which has subsequently been used
in a wide range of applications (eg the aerodynamic sizing of oil
mist and soot particles from crankcase blowby of diesel engines).
Two other versions of the impactor are available, such that
between the three impactors, a flow range of 4.9 to 90 L/min is
covered.
The Marple-Miller Impactor Model 160 has five impaction stages
and is calibrated for operation between 60 and 90 L/min.
Each stage has a removable collection cup capable of holding
10 ml of solvent to assist in the quick and simple recovery of
the particles, with low inter-stage losses. The interchangeable
aluminium cups act as both a collection surface and a convenient
cup in which to begin chemical analysis. Delrin caps are provided
as standard to seal the collection cup after the sample has been
collected to prevent sample evaporation.
A GLA-5000 PVC Membrane Filter is incorporated after Stage 5 to
ensure total mass balance.
Schematic of Marple-Miller Impactor
At a volumetric flow rate of 60 L/min, the cut-off aerodynamic

diameters of Stages 1 to 5 are as follows:
The actual cut-off diameters of each of the individual stages of the

impactor at the flow rate, Q, may be calculated as follows:
Stage 1:
Stage 2:
Stage 3:
Stage 4:
Stage 5:
D50Q = D50Qn (Qn/Q)1/2
10 microns
5
microns
2.5 microns
1.25 microns
0.625 microns
where, D50Q is the cut-off diameter at the flow rate, Q, and the
subscript, n, refers to the nominal values determined when
Qn equals 60 L/min. Thus when Q equals 40 L/min, the cut-off
diameter of Stage 2 is given by the formula:
D5040L/m = 5 microns x [60/40]1/2 = 6.1 microns
In this impactor, particles are deposited directly onto the bottom of
the stage collection cups which can then be easily removed after
each test without dismantling the impactor.
Because the impactor is designed to have very low interstage
losses, it is not necessary to frequently clean the interstage
passageways between tests.
The Marple-Miller Impactor Model 150 has half the number of jets
per stage, compared with Model 160, such that the same cut-points
apply at 30 L/min, rather than at 60 L/min. This version is calibrated
for use through the flow rate range 30 to 60 L/min.
A low flow rate version, the Model 150P, is also available for
operation at between 4.9 L/min and 12 L/min.
Model
150 or 160
Flow Rate 12, 30 or 60 LPM
Stages

Marple-Miller Impactor
6901
6902
6903
Marple-Miller Cascade Impactor Model 160

Marple-Miller Cascade Impactor Model 150
Marple-Miller Cascade Impactor Model 150P
19
28/7/10 11:46:10
8-STAGE ANDERSEN IMPACTORS

The potential health hazards associated with exposure to fine
particles have long been recognised and led to the development
of the Andersen Cascade Impactor, which has evolved over a
number of years.
In many respects, the human respiratory tract resembles an
aerodynamic particle size classifying system, filtering out
progressively smaller particles the deeper into the airways the air
flow penetrates.
In the same way, a cascade impactor is assembled from a series
of stages with progressively decreasing cut-sizes such that an
incoming aerosol is divided into a number of size related fractions.
It is therefore logical that cascade impactors be used to provide a
guide as to the deposition of particles in the respiratory tract.
The Standard 8-Stage Non-Viable Impactor has been designed for
use at 28.3 L/min with eight cut-sizes between 0.4 and 10 microns.
The eight stages correspond approximately to the various parts of
the respiratory system as follows:
Stage 0: 9.0
Stage 1: 5.8
Stage 2: 4.7
Stage 3: 3.3
Stage 4: 2.1
Stage 5: 1.1
Stage 6: 0.7
Stage 7: 0.4
- 10.0 microns
- 9.0 microns
- 5.8 microns (pharynx)
- 4.7 microns (trachea & primary bronchi)
- 3.3 microns (secondary bronchi)
- 2.1 microns (terminal bronchi)
- 1.1 microns (alveoli)
- 0.7 microns (alveoli)
A preseparator is normally mounted on top of the impactor stack

to remove particles larger than 10 microns and to prevent particle
bounce and re-entrainment errors.
Andersen 8-Stage Non-Viable Impactor
MODIFIED CONFIGURATIONS FOR USE AT 60 AND 90 L/MIN

In addition to the standard 28.3 L/min version, two further versions
of the Impactor are available for operating at flow rates of 60 and
90 L/min respectively.
In the 60 L/min version, stages 0 and 7 are removed and replaced
with two additional stages, -0 and -1. Similarly, in the 90 L/min
version, stages 0, 6 and 7 are removed and replaced with three
additional stages, -0, -1 and -2. Changes are also made to the
configuration of the collection plates (with and without centre
holes).
These changes result in a new set of target cut-points as follows:
Stage -2 :
Stage -1 :
Stage -0 :
Stage 0 :
Stage 1 :
Stage 2 :
Stage 3 :
Stage 4 :
Stage 5 :
Stage 6 :
Stage 7 :
Diagram of the Human Respiratory System
60 L/min
90 L/min
-----9.0 microns
5.8 microns
-----4.7 microns
3.3 microns
2.1 microns
1.1 microns
0.7 microns
0.4 microns
------
9.0 microns
5.8 microns
4.7 microns
-----3.3 microns
2.1 microns
1.1 microns
0.7 microns
0.4 microns
-----------
This restores the 28.3 L/min target cut-points at the increased flow
rates of 60 and 90 L/min respectively.
20
3/8/10 11:31:23
8-STAGE ANDERSEN IMPACTORS

DESCRIPTION
The Andersen 8-Stage Impactor has been designed to measure the
aerodynamic size distribution and mass concentration of solid and
liquid particles in the surrounding environment.
The impactor comprises of eight aluminium stages each equipped
with a removable stainless collection plate capable of accepting
approximately 10 mg of particulate matter, plus a final filter stage.
Each stage of the stack contains a series of precision-drilled
holes through which air is drawn, directing any airborne particles
towards the surface of the collection plate for that stage. The size
of the jets get progressively smaller for each succeeding stage.
Whether a particular particle impacts on that stage is dependent
on its aerodynamic size. Those particles having sufficient inertia will
impact on the collection plate whilst those of insufficient inertia
will remain entrained in the airstream and will pass to the next
stage where the process is repeated.
Impaction Stages and Reports
The stages are assembled in a stack in order of decreasing particle

size. As the jets get smaller, the air velocity increases and finer
particles are collected. Any remaining particles are collected on the
after filter.
Each impactor is machined to the same precision tolerances in

order to guarantee reproducibility between impactors and is
mensurated (calibrated) on a Mitutoyo QV404 Vision Inspection
System prior to despatch.
At the end of the test, the stainless steel collection plates relating
to each stage are removed for analysis. The particle size distribution
is determined by weighing the mass of particles impacted on each
plate or by analysing the chemical composition of the particles at
each stage.
The unit measures 216 x 95 mm diameter, weighs 1.6 kg and comes

in a carrying case.
With knowledge of the chemical, biological and/or radiological

properties of the material collected, the exact nature and extent of
the health hazard can be assessed.
Stainless steel and titanium versions are available on request.

Model
140
Flow Rate 28.3, 60 or 90 LPM
Stages
A constant volumetric air flow rate is generated by a suitable

vacuum pump.
Cat. No.
Description
8301
8301-60
8301-90
28.3 L/min Andersen Cascade Impactor

60 L/min Andersen Cascade Impactor
90 L/min Andersen Cascade Impactor
Preseparators
8401
28.3 L/min Preseparator
8420
60 L/min Preseparator
8420-90
90 L/min Preseparator
Conversion Kits for the Standard 28.3 L/min ACI
8318
Conversion Kit for 60 L/min operation
8319
Conversion Kit for 90 L/min operation
7903
8764

Preseparator, Stages and Plates
21
28/7/10 11:46:15
5-STAGE HI-FLOW IMPACTOR MODEL 130

The Hi-Flow MOUDI Model 130 is a 100 L/min 5-stage cascade
impactor for aerosol sampling and collecting size-fractionated
particle samples in the range of 0.25 to 10 microns for gravimetric
and chemical analysis.
The unit provides the same sharp cut-size characteristics as all
MSP Impactors. However, at 100 L/min, the Model 130 has more
than three times the ow rate, making it the ideal impactor for
sampling in relatively clean environments with low particulate
concentrations.
In more polluted environments with high particulate
concentrations, the high sampling ow rate of the Model 130
makes it possible to sample for shorter periods, if desired, and still
collect sufcient sample for analysis. It also means that sample
substrates can be sub-divided to provide multiple samples for
analysis by differing chemical techniques.
The standard Hi-Flo MOUDI Model 130 has ve impactor stages
with a 10 micron cut inlet and collecting stages at 2.5, 1.4, 0.80,
0.44 and 0.25 microns, plus nal lter. Alternative 3, 4 and 6 stage
versions are available and are listed below.
Deposits are collected in four 90 degree quadrants on 75 mm
aluminium foil impaction substrates, making it possible to divide
each substrate into two or four equal parts for compositional
analysis by differing techniques.
Nozzle plates are hard-coat anodised aluminium to ensure
dimensional stability of the nozzles with no oxide build-up or
corrosion. Multiple nozzles at each stage provide ow conditions
that result in sharp cut characteristics at each stage with
predictable and stable cut-points and low pressure drops.
The unit measures 18 cm diameter x 11 cm high and weighs 1.4 kg.
Model 130: Impactor Plate

9415
9416
9417
9418
9419
9420
Standard 5-Stage Hi-Flow Impactor Model 130

(2.5, 1.4, 0.80, 0.44 and 0.25 microns)
Pack of Aluminium Foil Substrates, 75 mm diameter
Pack of 100 Glass Fibre Filters, 90 mm diameter
(nal lter)
3-Stage Hi-Flow Impactor Model 128
(10, 2.5 and 1.0 microns)
(10, 2.5, 1.0 and 0.25 microns)
(10, 2.5, 1.4, 1.0, 0.4 and 0.25 microns)
Accessories
7903
8764

Model 130: Component Parts
Model
130
Flow Rate 100 LPM
Stages
3 to 6 (dependent on model)
22
28/7/10 11:46:30
SINGLE-STAGE MICRO-ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITOR MODEL 400 (FOR PM2.5
AND PM10 SAMPLING WITH CHEMICAL
SPECIATION)
The Micro-Environmental Monitor Model 400 (MEM) is a
compact aerosol sampler comprising a single stage impactor and
an after filter for indoor/outdoor air quality studies.
The MEM uses a sampling flow rate of 10 L/min and is equipped
with either a PM2.5 or PM10 sampling head for determining
the concentration of airborne particles in the surrounding
environment of less than 2.5 and 10 microns respectively.
The impactor/classifier is based on multi-nozzle technology. In
both PM2.5 and PM10 versions, ten nozzles are used in parallel thus, each nozzle is designed to operate at 1 L/min.
The MEM can be equipped with an optional ultra-compact 4-Stage
Diffusion Denuder Model 450 (DDS) if required. This provides
up to three stages of final filtration and is used to separate out
SO2, NO2, NH3 and other gases from the particles for acid aerosol
measurement.
The MEM Model 400 includes an omni-directional filter, a PM2.5
or PM10 impactor classifier, a 37 mm after filter and supporting
pumps, timer, flow meter and manual flow control valve.
A schematic of the complete 400/450 System is shown below. Air
is sampled at 10 L/min from the ambient atmosphere through an
omni-directional, cylindrical inlet.
Particles with aerodynamic diameters greater than the impactor
cut-size (2.5 or 10 microns) are removed from the sample stream
by an appropriate impactor.
If the Diffusion Denuder is installed, up to four different gases can
be removed from the airstream by diffusion deposition on porous
plates and then analysed using, for example, ion chromatography.
The remaining fine particles are collected on a 37 mm diameter
after filter where the concentration can be determined by either
gravimetric or chemical analysis.
Micro-Environmental Monitor (MEM)
The sampling flow rate is maintained by two compact, quiet

vacuum pumps with a near-critical flowmeter.
Under typical, indoor conditions, the 10 L/min sampling flow rate
can be maintained within +/- 5% for up to 2 weeks.
The sampling time is controlled by a seven-day, solid state timer
capable of multiple start-stop functions. The unit can, for example,
be programmed to start each day at 6.00 am and stop at 6.00 pm
to allow daytime samples to be collected over a seven day period.
Extremely compact, the MEM measures 240 x 230 x 300 mm and
weighs 3.6 kg (4.6 kg with Diffusion Denuder).
Model
400
Flow Rate 10 LPM
Stages
1 (2.5 or10 microns)
Cat. No.
Description
9421
9422
9423
Micro-Environmental Monitor MEM (2.5 microns)

Micro-Environmental Monitor MEM (10 microns)
Diffusion Denuder DDS Model 450
Spare Parts
9424
Schematic - Complete 400/450 System
23
28/7/10 11:46:38
SINGLE-STAGE UNIVERSAL AIR SAMPLER

MODEL 310 (FOR PM1, PM2.5 AND PM10
SAMPLING)
The Universal Air Sampler Model 310 (UAS) is a general purpose
air sampler for atmospheric aerosol sampling and mass, organic
and inorganic analysis.
Ideal for air pollution and air quality research, the Sampler is
provided with an omni-directional inlet, a PM10 (10 micron) virtual
impactor classifier, a second PM2.5 (2.5 micron) or PM1.0 (1 micron
classifier), a fine particle filter and a polyurethane foam (PUF)
sampler.
Virtual impactors differ from cascade impactors in that the
impaction plate is replaced by a receiving tube which accepts and
directs larger particles to one sampling substrate whilst the rest of
the flow carrying smaller particles below the cut-point is diverted
around the receiving tube downstream.
The use of two virtual impactors in the UAS allows the unit to
operate as a high volume dichotomous sampler for the size
fractionation of airborne particles in the 0-2.5 and 2.5-10 micron
aerodynamic size ranges (0-1 and 1-10 micron in the case of the
PM1.0 version).
In the case of the UAS, air is sampled at 300 L/min through the
omni-directional, cylindrical inlet. Particles greater than 10 microns
are removed from the sampled air by the PM10 classifier and
discarded.
The remaining particles less than 10 microns flow to the PM2.5 (or
PM1.0 in that version) classifier located down stream whereupon
particles in the 2.5-10 (1-10) micron range are collected on one
filter and those smaller than 2.5 (1) micron are captured on a final
after filter.
UAS Flow Schematic
PUF SAMPLER
The filtered airstream is then directed through a polyurethane
foam sampler (PUF) to collect any semi-volatile organic
compounds eg PCBs, PAHs, etc.
The air flow in the sampler is maintained by a vacuum pump
controlled by means of a variable frequency drive.
The flow entering the PM2.5 (PM1.0) virtual particle classifier is
measured by the pressure differential across one of the classifier
nozzles and should be set to 285 L/min.
The two coarse particle minor flows are monitored by the
differential pressure across a calibrated orifice flow meter in each
line and adjusted by two manual flow control valves to 15 L/min
each.
The sampling time is controlled by a seven-day, solid state timer
capable of multiple start-stop functions. The unit can, for example,
be programmed to start each day at 6.00 am and stop at 6.00 pm
to allow daytime samples to be collected over a seven day period.
The UAS measures 762 x 406 x 1422 mm and weighs 43 kg.
Model
310
Flow Rate 300 LPM
Stages
1 (1 or 2.5 + 10 microns)
Cat. No.
Description
9425
9426
Universal Air Sampler UAS (PM2.5/PM10 Version)

Universal Air Sampler UAS (PM1.0/PM10 Version)
Universal Air Sampler UAS
24
28/7/10 11:46:44
Personal Air
Samplers
INTRODUCTION
Unlike the stationary environmental Air Samplers described
in the previous section, Personal Air Samplers are small,
portable, lightweight impactors designed to monitor actual
individual exposure levels.These accompany the user during
the performance of their duties wherever they may be.The
Air Sampler itself is normally clipped to the operators lapel or
pocket and serviced by a Personal Sampling Pump strapped
to the waist band.
Personal exposure is determined by weighing the mass of
particles on the particle collection stage(s) or by analysing
the chemical composition of the particles at each stage for
specific compounds.
Whilst various sizing methods are available to measure
airborne particulate matter, only inertial impaction provides
the means to differentiate and quantify the various particles
making up the sample mass by chemical means.
Copley Scientific offers three types of personal sampler.
The Model 200 Series of Personal Environmental Monitors
(PEM) provides a range of single stage impactors with
cut-points at either 2.5 or 10 microns in accordance with the
specifications laid down in the US EPA IP-10A method for
Determination of Fine Particulate Matter in Indoor Air at
inlet flows of 2, 4 or 10 L/min.
Because of the complex nature of airborne particulate matter
(PM), the components responsible for a specific health
hazard are not always obvious.The Model 240 Personal
Microenvironmental Aerosol Speciation Sampler (PMASS) is
a single-stage impactor designed to collect particles smaller
than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) whilst simultaneously differentiating
between its organic and inorganic components.To
accomplish this, the PMASS uses two sampling channels: one
with quartz filters used to measure elemental and organic
carbons and one with Teflon filters to measure particle mass
and inorganics such as sulphates, nitrates and ammonium.
Whilst the PEM Model 200 and PMASS Model 240 give an
accurate assessment of an individuals personal exposure to
ambient particles based on a 10 or 2.5 micron cut-off, that is
to say, they collect all particles smaller than 10 or 2.5 microns,
they do not in themselves provide information on the overall
size distribution and corresponding chemical composition of
the particulate matter concerned.
The Model 135 Series of Marple Type Multiple-Stage Personal
Environmental Monitor is a miniaturised cascade impactor
designed to overcome this problem. It is currently available
in four versions (6,8, 10 and 13 stages) depending on the
particle size ranges required.
25
28/7/10 11:46:47
PERSONAL AIR SAMPLERS
SINGLE-STAGE PERSONAL ENVIRONMENTAL

MONITORS SERIES 200 (PEM)
Airborne particles entrained in the air are a complex mix of
varying sizes and chemical composition some of which can can be
hazardous to health. Some hzards are more obvious than others,
asbestosis and silicosis, for example.
This particulate matter (PM) results from a variety of sources
including fuel combustion from power stations, industrial
operations and vehicle exhaust. Fine particles also form in the air
when combustion gases such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides are chemically transformed into particles.
PM2.5 and PM10 are airborne particles less than 2.5 (fine) and 10
(coarse) microns respectively. These criteria are consistent with
the International Standards Organisation (ISO) definition for
distinguishing particulate matter between thoracic (that penetrate
through the larynx into the lung airways = 10 microns) and
respirable (that penetrate beyond the terminal bronchioles = 2.5
microns).
The Personal Environmental Monitor Model 200 (PEM) is a
small, lightweight, personal sampling device for collecting airborne
particles in the PM2.5 or PM10 size ranges at 2,4 or 10 L/min
sampling flow rates.
It has been designed in accordance with the specifications laid
down in the US EPA IP-10A Method: Determination of Fine
Particulate Matter in Indoor Air using Size-Selective Impaction.
The PEM is designed to be worn on the operators lapel. Small,
light and unobtrusive, it measures 60 x 65 x 22 mm and weighs
48 grams. The appropriate flow rate is provided by a small personal
sampling pump secured to the operators belt and connected to
the PEM by means of a flexible tube.
Personal Environmental Monitors (PEM)
The sample air enters the PEM through a multi-nozzle single-stage

impactor which removes any particles above 2.5 or
10 microns, dependent on model. Particles smaller than the
cut-size are collected on a 37 mm filter which can then be
removed and analysed for potential health hazards.
The filter may be analysed gravimetrically for particle mass and
chemically for specific chemical compounds.
Whilst the original unit was developed to assess the exposure
to PM hazard in the individual, the PEM is equally well suited
to indoor/outdoor air pollution and quality studies as well as
industrial health and safety applications.
The Personal Environmental Monitor is available in a number of
variants (see specification table below).
Model
200
Flow Rate 2,4 or 10 LPM
Stages
1 (1 or 2.5 microns)
PEM VARIANTS
Specifications
Part
Number
Inlet
Flow
(LPM)
CutColour
Point
(microns)
Pressure
Drop*
(inwg)
9427
9428
9429
Personal Environmental Monitor PEM-2 (2.5 microns)

PEM-2-2.5
PEM-4-2.5
PEM-10-2.5
PEM-2--10
PEM-4-10
PEM-10-10
2.0
4.0
10.0
2.0
4.0
10.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
10.0
10.0
10.0
1
3
13
1
2
12
9430
9431
9432
Personal Environmental Monitor PEM-2 (10 microns)

9433
Personal Sampling Pump 909300/601900

(for 2 and 4 litre versions)
(for 10 litre versions)
Blue
Black
Red
Green
Outside Gold
Inside Gold
9434
*Vacuum at hosebarb with glass fibre filter in place

Filter Diameter: 37 mm
Dimensions:
60 x 65 x 22 mm
Weight:
48 g
Spare Parts
9435
9424
Calibration Cap
Personal Sampling Pump
26
28/7/10 11:46:48
PERSONAL MICROENVIRONMENTAL
AEROSOL SPECIATION SAMPLER MODEL 240
(PMASS)
Because of the complex nature of airborne particulate matter (PM),
the components responsible for a specific health hazard are not
always obvious.
Cyclone inlet
Polyethylene
body
Filter channel
screw cap
The Personal Microenvironmental Aerosol SPECIATION Sampler

Model 240 (PMASS) is designed to collect particles smaller than
2.5 microns (PM2.5) whilst simultaneously differentiating between
the various chemical constituents - both organic and inorganic.
Light and compact enough to be worn by the operator, the PMASS
consists of a dry non-greased size-selective inlet (cyclone principle)
which removes any particles above 2.5 microns.
The resulting air flow is split into two parallel sampling channels.
Each channel accommodates a carbon multicell denuder which
removes any unwanted gases, whilst at the same time allowing
passage of particles to the main filters.
By varying the filter media employed in the main filters, the various
chemical constitutents can be collected and analysed.
Typically, one channel is used for inorganic and mass analysis and
the other for organic carbon analysis.
An adsorbing backup filter recovers particulate matter volatilised
from the primary filter eg nitrate during sampling.
The result is a lightweight, compact personal sampler capable of
the simultaneous measurement of PM2.5 mass concentration,
elemental carbon, organic carbon, sulphates and nitrates in a
single instrument.
Denuder
holder
Upper filter
support ring
Teflon
separator
Backup filter
Total denuderfilter pack w/

carbon multicell denuder
Personal Microenvironmental Aerosol SPECIATION Sampler (PMASS)
Air is sampled through the cyclone inlet at a flow rate of 4 L/min

giving a flow rate of 2 L/min in each channel. A single battery powered belt mounting pump provides the flow for both channels.
To prevent electrostatic losses, all surfaces coming into contact
with the aerosol upstream of the filter are made of aluminium. The
sampler body itself is made of low density polyethylene.
This and other design elements ensures a light (300 g), compact
(106 x 65 x 45 mm) design suitable for both general and use by
children and the elderly.
APPLICATIONS
Simultaneous measurement of inorganic and organic aerosols
Personal exposure to PM 2.5 mass, nitrates, sulphates,
organic and elemental carbons
Studies of personal exposure in various environments
Microenvironmental sampling / epidemiology studies
Model
240
Flow Rate 4 LPM
Stages
1 (2.5 microns)

9437
9433
PMASS Model 240

PMASS Schematic
27
28/7/10 11:46:51
MULTIPLE-STAGE PERSONAL
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITOR SERIES 135
(MARPLE TYPE)
Whilst the Personal Environment Monitor Model 200 (PEM) and
Personal Micro-environmental Aerosol SPECIATION Sampler
Model 240 (PMASS) give an accurate assessment of an individuals
individual
personal exposure to ambient particles based on a 10 or 2.5 micron
cut-off, that is to say, they collect all particles smaller than 10 or
2.5 microns, they do not in themselves provide information on the
overall size distribution and corresponding chemical composition
omposition
of the particulate matter concerned.
The Marple Type Multiple-Stage Personal Environmental
Monitor Series 135 is a miniaturised cascade impactor designed to
overcome this problem. It is currently available in four versions (6, 8,
10 and 13 stages) depending on the particle size ranges required.
ed.
Like other cascade impactors, the Series 135 is designed so thatt
as the aerosol stream passes through each stage, particles having
ving
sufficient inertia will impact upon that particular stage whilst
smaller particles with insufficient inertia will remain entrained in
the air stream and thus pass to the next impaction stage where the
nozzles are smaller, the air velocity through the nozzles is higher
and the cut-size is therefore smaller. This continues on through the
cascade impactor until the smallest particles unable to impact on
the last impaction plate are collected by a final filter.
The 6-stage unit (Model 135-6) separates the aerosol cloud into six
size classifications based on cut-points of 10, 5.6, 3.2, 1.8, 1.0 and
0.56 microns. The 8-stage unit (Model 135-8) has similar cut-points
to that of the 135-6 but with the addition of two further stages
having cut-points of 0.32 and 0.18 microns.
The resulting overall design is compact (86 x 57 x 40 mm) and
light allowing the impactor to be attached to the lapel or pocket
in a similar manner to the PEM. The sampling flow is 2 L/min. Like
the PEM, the appropriate flow rate is provided by a small personal
sampling pump secured to the operators belt and connected to
the impactor by means of a flexible tube.
Marple Model 135

with Pump
The particle size distribution is determined by weighing the mass

of particles impacted on each stage or by analysing the chemical
composition of the particles at each stage.
The 10-stage (Model 135-10) and 13-stage (Model 135-13)
configurations require a less portable vacuum pump due to the
larger pressure drop requirements and, for that reason, are suited
to more general, as opposed to personal, sampling applications.
The 10-stage unit has similar cut-points to Model 135-8 but with
further cut-points at 0.1 and 0.056 microns whilst the 13-stage unit
adds three further stages, namely 0.032, 0.018 and 0.010 microns.
Model
135
Flow Rate 2 LPM
Stages
6 - 13 (dependent on model)

9438
9439
9433
Marple Multiple-Stage PEM Model 135-6

Marple Mutliple-Stage PEM Model 135-8
9440
9441
7903
8764

Spare Parts
9442
9424
Pack of 300 Aluminium Foil Impaction

Substrates 37 mm diameter
Pack of 100 Glass Fibre Filters 37 mm diameter
Marple Model 135
Marple Model 135 Substrate

ate
28
28/7/10 11:47:00
Specials and
Ancillaries
INTRODUCTION
This section of the catalogue covers those items of
equipment that do not readily fall within the remainder
of the brochure and also general details relating to the
ancillaries used with the various impactors and samplers
that we offer.
The Aerosol Generator and Monitor (AGM) Model
1500 is a versatile system for generating mono-disperse
test aerosols in order to standardise and calibrate
other aerosol instrumentation. It can also be used as a
differential or scanning mobility spectrometer.
The Aerosol Concentrator Model 4200 was originally
designed for use in the detection of biological
weapons.The detection of these airborne weapons is
difficult because of their lethal nature at relatively low
concentrations. One method of identifying biological
aerosols is by mass spectrometry, a technique capable of
detecting the presence of potential threats as low as one
particle per litre of air. However, this technique requires a
sample stream flow rate of 1 L/min whereas the sampling
rate necessary to initially capture the bio-aerosol is of the
order of 300 L/min. As a result, the need arose for a device
capable of concentrating particles from several hundred
L/min into a low flow rate a need fulfilled by the 4200.
The Real-Time Fibre Monitor Model 7400AD meets
an industrial concern, that of asbestos.The ability to
detect potentially hazardous fibres in air is essential
before, during and after asbestos removal. It is also a key
analytical device in manufacturing operations that use
any fibrous raw material and for monitoring air safety
following uncontrolled releases such as fires, earthquakes
or explosions. Designed to automatically detect and
count airborne fibres such as asbestos, mineral wool,
advanced composites, ceramics and glass, the 7400AD
emits a visible and audible alarm when concentrations
exceed preset user-defined levels.
Finally, the section covers those Ancillaries that are
required in addition to the sampler itself to make up a
complete air sampling system such as pumps and flow
meters, and covers the essential subject of instrument
calibration.
29
28/7/10 11:47:06
SPECIALS - AEROSOL GENERATION AND MONITORING
AEROSOL GENERATOR AND MONITOR

MODEL 1500 (AGM)
Introduction
The Aerosol Generator and Monitor Model 1500 (AGM) is a multifunction aerosol system with aerosol generation, classication and
monitoring capabilities for:
generating mono-disperse aerosols using mobility classication
with automatic concentration detection and monitoring
size distribution by differential mobility and scanning mobility
size spectrometry
It incorporates three main elements, (a) an atomiser aerosol
generator, (b) a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and (c) a
condensation particle counter (CPC).
As a stand-alone aerosol generator, the AGM is eminently
suitable for use in corporate standards laboratories to generate
mono-disperse test aerosols for standardising and calibrating
aerosol instruments for quality assurance purposes including
aerosol particle counters, diesel exhaust monitoring, etc. to ensure
consistency of measurement results.
The AGM generates a mono-disperse aerosol by atomisation and
electrostatic classication.The resulting aerosol concentration is
continuously monitored by the built-in CPC to provide a stable
output of known particle size and aerosol concentration (10 nm to
1000 nm).
The built-in combination of differential mobility analyser (DMA)
and condensation particle counter (CPC) also means that the AGM
can also be used as a differential mobility spectrometer (DMS)
or as a scanning mobility spectrometer (SMS) to measure aerosol
distributions from 10 nm to 1000 nm.The aerosol can be sampled
from an external source or generated internally by the built-in
atomiser to provide a poly-disperse aerosol with a known and
monitored size distribution.
The generation and measurement capabilities of the AGM also
means that two such systems can be used together to perform
studies using the tandem differential mobility analysis (TDMA)
method. In a typical TDMA study, one DMA is used to classify an
aerosol into a mono-disperse fraction having a uniform and known
particle size.This aerosol is then subjected to a physical or chemical
change leading to a change in particle size which is then measured
by the second DMA operating in DMS or SMS mode as an aerosol
size distribution analyser.
Operational control of the AGM is maintained by a powerful in-built
computer running on Windows XP using software specically
written for the purpose. User interface is provided by a mouse in
conjunction with an in-built plasma display.The AGM measures
525 mm x 610 mm x 450 mm (w x d x h) and weighs 40 kg.
AGM Model 1500
Description
The gure on page 31 provides a simplied schematic diagram of
the AGM.
The AGM Model 1500 comprises three main elements:
1. Atomiser Aerosol Generator
The built-in compressed-air atomiser is used to generate a spray of
ne droplets suspended in air.The atomiser can also be operated
by other compressed gases to generate an aerosol of particles
suspended in the atomising gas.This droplet aerosol is then dried
to form a poly-disperse aerosol comprised of residue particles
formed from the dissolved non-volatile material in the atomised
liquid.
Common materials used for laboratory aerosol generation include:
NaCl, other soluble salts and ammonium uorescence dissolved
in water; polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres suspended in water; and
organic materials such as oleic acid dissolved in ethanol.
The atomiser used is a single jet Collison-type device operated by
compressed air.The droplet spray is about 2 microns in volumemean diameter for an aqueous solution. Drying is accomplished by
allowing the droplet aerosol to ow through a NaonR membrane
dryer to evaporate water from the droplets to form dry solid or
liquid particles of the dissolved non-volatile material.
For NaCl aerosol generation, a solution of, say, 1% NaCl
concentration by weight can be prepared by dissolving 1 gram
of NaCl in 100 ml of Dl water.This solution when atomised and
dried will result in a solid NaCl having a volume-mean diameter
of approx. 0.33 microns. When a liquid, such as water, containing
suspended solid polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres of a unit size,
is atomised and dried, a PSL aerosol comprised of uniform PSL
spheres can be generated.
Left: AGM Model 1500 DMA
30
28/7/10 11:47:12
SPECIALS - AEROSOL GENERATION AND MONITORING
2. Differential Mobility Analyser (DMA)

The DMA ow is rst passed through a charge neutraliser in the
form of an electrical ioniser such that the emerging particles carry
a Boltzmann distribution of charges.The charged particles can then
be classied electrically by mobility via the in-built DMA to provide
a mono-disperse aerosol at the output.
The DMA is cylindrical in shape and has an overall height of
400 mm. When operated with a sheath ow of 10.0 L/min, the DMA
has a mobility range to allow particles as small as 10 nm to be
classied. At 3 L/min, particles as large as 1000 nm can be classied.
The aerosol particle size selected for size classication can be
adjusted by varying the DC high voltage applied to the DMA using
the built-in power supply in the AGM.
The DMA is operated in a re-circulating sheath ow mode with
the sheath ow being accurately maintained using a feedback
control system. A heat exchanger is used to maintain the sheath
ow at temperatures close to ambient.The temperature and
absolute pressure in the DMA are measured and used to correct for
temperature and pressure effects when particle size is determined
by electrical mobility.
3. Condensation Particle Counter (CPC)
The AGM uses a condensation particle counter to monitor the
aerosol output concentration.The CPC is of patented MSP design,
with two separate uid reservoirs: one containing the working uid,
typically 1-butanol and the other for collecting the condensate
of butanol and condensed moisture in the condenser. When
operating with a 35 C saturator temperature and a 10 C condenser
temperature, the CPC has a nominal detection limit of 10 nm in
particle diameter.The nominal ow of the CPC is 0.3 L/min.
The output aerosol concentration in the AGM is automatically
monitored by the built-in CPC so that the aerosol concentration
is also known. Under normal operation, the concentration range
of the CPC is from approx.1 to 10,000 particles/cm3. A feedback
control system maintains the CPC ow rate at a constant 0.3 L/min.
The aerosol leaving the CPC is mixed with clean, dilution-air ow at
the rate of about 2 L/min and passes through an activated-carbon
lter before it is exhausted.
AGM Model 1500 Atomiser
Cat.No.
Description
9443
9444
Aerosol Generator and Monitor (AGM) Model 1500

Tandem Aerosol Generator and Monitor Model
M1040 XP (with 2 x DMAs)
AGM Model 1500 Schematic
AGM Model 1500 Control Screen
31
28/7/10 11:47:17
SPECIALS AEROSOL CONCENTRATION
AEROSOL CONCENTRATOR SERIES 4200

Originally designed for the detection of airborne biological
weapons, the Aerosol Concentrators Models 4220 and 4240 are
high-performance particle concentrating aerosol samplers which
can be used in any application where particle concentration
presents a problem.
In many cases of particle sampling from ambient air, the
concentration of particles is so low that it becomes necessary to
sample for prolonged periods of time in order to obtain sufcient
mass for chemical or biological characterisation.
One such case is the identication of biological aerosols by mass
spectrometry. In this application, the aerosol sampler delivers a
representative sample of the airborne particles to a pyrolysis tube
which, periodically, converts the sample thermally and chemically
to components that are then analysed by mass spectrometry.
In so doing, it is essential, rstly, that the mass rate of delivery
of material to the pyrolysis tube is sufcient to allow biological
aerosols having concentrations in the order of 1 particle per litre
of air to be detected. Secondly, for obvious reasons, any delay in
analysis could be potentially fatal and is therefore to be avoided.
Indeed, a response time in the order of minutes is essential.
As a result, the need arose for a device capable of concentrating
particles from several hundred litres per minute of air into
a low ow rate compatible with the spectrometric technique
outlined above.
The Aerosol Concentrator Series 4220 draws air at 300 L/min
from the surrounding environment and then splits the air into
a particle-rich stream and a particle-depleted reject stream.The
resulting particle-rich stream contains only 0.3% of the inlet air
ie 1 L/min, but up to 90% of the ambient particles in the size
range 2.5-10 microns thus increasing the sensitivity of the analysis
by up to 300 times (1-10 microns in the case of Model 4240).
The Aerosol Concentrator is effectively a 3-stage virtual impactor.

In a conventional impactor, particles with sufcient inertia (size)
impact and hence are collected on a series of collection plates
where they remain for later analysis.
In a virtual impactor, particles are drawn through a series of nozzles
and upon exit encounter a receiving tube.The design is such that
those particles with sufcient inertia (above the desired cut-point)
continue forward with a small portion of the ow into the receiving
tube whilst the rest of the ow carrying only small particles below
the cut-point is diverted around the receiving tube.
Ambient air is sampled at 330 L/min through an initial impactor
which removes particles larger than 10 microns and discards
them along with 30 L/min of the air ow.The remaining 300 L/min
sampled air ow then passes through a 2-stage concentrating
virtual impactor which concentrates particles in the 2.5 to 10
micron (or 1 to 10 micron in the case of Model 4240) diameter
ranges into a single 1 L/min stream for output to an external
collector or detector (not provided).
Two lightweight, high performance vacuum pumps draw
the inlet air ow through the system.The air ow streams are
balanced and no valves are used to control the ow.The
precisely balanc
Concentrator measures 356 x 394 x 254 mm and weighs 16 kg.
Conc
Cat.No. Description
9445

(2.5 10 micron range)
9446

(1.0 10 micron range)
4200 Showing Access to CVI
Concentrating
Virtual Impactor
32
28/7/10 11:47:30
SPECIALS - REAL-TIME FIBRE MONITORING
REAL-TIME FIBRE MONITOR MODEL 7400AD

Description
The Fibre Monitor Model 7400AD is a technologically advanced
real-time bre monitor that automatically detects and counts
potentially hazardous airborne bres such as asbestos, mineral
wool, advanced composites, ceramics and glass whilst ignoring
non-brous background particles. Operating on the proven
principle of electric-eld-induced bre alignment, the 7400AD is
laboratory calibrated prior to despatch to NIOSH Method 7400 for
asbestos bres.
The rechargeable battery pack and hence portability of the Fibre
Monitor makes it the ideal instrument to check and verify worker
safety during asbestos remediation and removal operations,
giving an instantaneous visible and audible alarm when bre
concentrations exceed preset user-dened levels. Fully charged,
the 7400AD will operate unattended for eight hours, periodically
recording bre data at preset intervals for further examination.
The 7400AD includes a lter positioned ahead of the exhaust outlet
which can be used to collect samples for later chemical or physical
analysis such as comparison with phase-contrast microscopy.
The operational control of the Fibre Monitor is maintained by a
powerful in-built computer running on Windows XP using software
specically written for the purpose. User interface is provided by a
stylus in conjunction with a touch screen. Under normal conditions,
the computer software assumes full control of system operation
including sample ow rate, AC and DC high voltages, signal
detection settings for the photomultiplier tube and subsequent
signal processing, data acquisition and le storage, and
user-selected settings for scheduled or continuous sampling.
The 7400AD measures 370 mm x 295 mm x 360 mm (w x d x h) and
weighs between 7.8 and 12.6 kg dependent on whether the battery
pack is tted or not.
Fibre Monitor 7400AD Schematic
Features
Measures and reports bre concentrations in real time

Saves measured data over user-selectable periods
USB port allows easy upload of data
Alarm mode warns when bre concentrations exceed
user-selected concentration levels
Calculates time-weighted-average exposure limits
Back-up lter enables comparison with phase-contrast
microscopy
Colour touch-screen LCD provides easy operation and
data display
Fibre sampling intervals adjustable between 1 minute and
24 hours or up to 168 hours continuous
Easily portable
Applications
Use before and after asbestos abatement to monitor success
and ensure safety
Measure bre concentrations in manufacturing operations
that use brous raw materials
Monitor airborne bres resulting from uncontrolled releases
such as res, earthquakes or explosions.
Cat.No. Description
9447
9448
Pack of 100 Cellulose Ester Filters 0.8 micron

Ref. M/AAWP02500
9449
Pack of 100 Cellulose Backing Filter Pads 5.0 micron

Ref. M/AP1002500
Fibre Monitor 7400AD
33
28/7/10 11:47:42
ANCILLARIES - SAMPLING PUMPS, FLOW METERS AND CALIBRATION
1000
ROTARY VANE VACUUM PUMPS
Both pumps are fully encased with an internal acoustic lining and
vibration damping to reduce noise levels to less than or equal
to 60 db (A). Being oil-free, neither pump requires regular topups of oil, routine lubrication or regular replacement of oil lters.
Importantly, the exhaust gases produced are guaranteed to be free
of oil contamination and can therefore be vented to atmosphere if
desired.
Self-sealing compound carbon vanes continually adjust so that the
pump effectively performs with as new efciency throughout their
service life.
The Low Capacity Pump Model LCP5 is a small footprint, rotary
vane vacuum pump designed for optimal operation at low ow
rates.This makes it ideal for low-resistance impactors and particle
samplers requiring ow rates up to 100 L/min.
The unit employs a 0.42 kW motor capable of generating a
maximum of 133 L/min free ow (at 50 Hz mains frequency).The
ow rate can be adjusted between 0 and the 133 L/min maximum
using the ow control valve mounted on the front panel for this
purpose.
900
800
700
Flow Rate (L/min)
The Copley LCP5 and HCP5 represent the very latest in high
performance, low maintenance, oil-free rotary-vane vacuum pump
technology. Both pumps come complete with the appropriate
ttings to connect to your impactor/sampler and to allow the user
to position the pump to either right or left of the system concerned
for space efciency. Provision is also made to vent the exhaust to
waste should this be required.
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Absolute Pressure (kPa)

Performance Chart Key
HCP5 (230 v, 50 Hz)
HCP5 (110 v, 60 Hz)
2 x HCP5 (230 v, 50 Hz)
2 x HCP5 (110 v, 60 Hz)
LCP5 (230 v, 50 Hz)

LCP5 (110 v, 60 Hz)
The pump has an in-built cooling fan located on the top of the
pump which, during operation, draws air through the ventilation
grill on the front of the pump to cool the interior.Two handles are
located on the top of the pump for lifting and positioning.
The LCP5 measures 270 x 310 x 300 mm (w x d x h) and weighs
18 kg.
The High Capacity Pump Model HCP5 is a well-established, high
capacity pump suitable for high-resistance multi-stage impactors
and samplers requiring ow rates up to 400 L/min.The unit
employs a 0.90 kW motor capable of generating a maximum of
416 L/min free ow (at 50 Hz mains frequency).The ow rate can
be adjusted between 0 and the 416 L/min maximum using the
ow control valve mounted on the front panel for this purpose.
Like the LCP5, the pump is provided with two vacuum inlets
such that the user can decide whether to place the pump on the
right or left side of the impactor/sampler concerned and has an
in-built cooling fan located on the top of the pump which, during
operation, draws air through the ventilation grill on the front of
the pump to cool the interior.Two handles are located on the top
of the pump for lifting and positioning.
High Capacity Pump Model HCP5 (left) and

Low Capacity Pump Model LCP5 (right)
The HCP5 measures 320 x 560 x 390 mm (w x d x h) and weighs

45 kg.
Cat.No. Description
7903
7901

34
6
28/7/10 11:47:52
ANCILLARIES - SAMPLING PUMPS, FLOW METERS AND
CALIBRATION
FLOW METERS AND CALIBRATION

The majority of impactors and samplers operate on the principle
of inertial impaction which divides the aerosol cloud into various
particle size classications on the basis of particle inertia, which in
itself is a function of aerodynamic particle size and velocity.
Because velocity is directly related to the ow rate, it is essential
that the inlet ow rate (the ow rate at the entrance to the
impactor/sampler) employed both prior to and during testing is
both accurate and consistent.The normal procedure is to check the
ow rate concerned prior to testing using a suitable ow meter.
The ow meter concerned must:
Calibration
Be capable of measuring volumetric ow as opposed to

mass ow
Be calibrated for exit ow as opposed to inlet ow
Allow prevailing environmental conditions to be taken
into account
The performance and reproducibility of an impactor/ sampler is

dependent on a number of factors, the most critical being the
dimensions and spatial arrangement of the nozzles that make
up the size classication stages.
Copley Scientic provides two ow meters that meet these

criteria:;the nal decision must rest with the user based on the
accuracy required and the price.
The DFM3 operates on the Differential Pressure (Venturi) principle,
has a range of 15-100 L/min, a resolution of 0.1 L/min and an
accuracy of 0.75% FSD.
The DFM 2000 operates on the principle of thermal mass, has a
range of 0-200 L/min, a resolution of 0.01 L/min between 0 and
90 L/min and 0.1 L/min between 90 and 200 L/min and an accuracy
of +/- 2% of ow rate. It is tted with automatic temperature and
pressure compensation as standard.
Cat.No. Description
8002
8764
9450
In practice, impactor stages can corrode and wear with repeated

use.This leads to changes in impactor aerodynamics and hence
particle collection characteristics.
Stage mensuration is an optical process used to calibrate
impactors to ensure that the manufacturing tolerances that
determine the stage nozzle dimensions critical to accurate particle
size measurement are within specication.
Copley Scientic provides a calibration service for all types of
impactors featured in this brochure.
Cat.No. Description
9451
9452
9453
Re-calibration MOUDI-II Impactor Model 121

Re-calibration MOUDI-II Impactor Model 125
Re-calibration Andersen 8-Stage Impactor
Flow Meter Model DFM3

Flow Meter to Impactor Inlet Adapter
Close-up of Single Impactor Stage
Mitutoyo Vision Inspection System
35
3/8/10 11:25:42
INDEX
A
Aerosols
Aerosol Generator and Monitor Model 1500 (AGM)
Airborne Particles
Andersen Impactor
Anthropogenic Aerosols
Asbestos Monitor Model 7400AD
Q
4
32
32
30
4
20
4
33
B
Bio-concentrator Model 4220
Bio-concentrator Model 4240
32
32
C
Calibration
Coarse Particles
Condensation Particle Counter Model CPC
Contents, Table of
35
4
9
3
F
Fibre Monitor Model 7400AD
Fine Particles
33
4
35
R
Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps
33
34
S
Secondary Particles
Selection Guide
Stage Mensuration
4
5
35
T
Table of Contents
Tandem Aerosol Generator and Monitor Model 1040 XP
Three-Stage Impactor for PM1, 2.5 & 10 Model 100-S4
3
31
18
U
Ultrafine Particles
Universal Air Sampler Model 310 (UAS)
4
24
V
Vacuum Pumps
34
H
High Flow Impactor Model 130
Quality Management System ISO 9001:2008
34
22
Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer Model 1000 XP (WPS)
I
ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System
L
34
M
Marple-Miller Impactor Model 160 (MMI)
Marple Multi-stage PEM Series 135
Mensuration
Micro-Environmental Monitor Model 400 (MEM)
Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI)
MOUDI Wide Range Impactor
MSP Corporation
Multi-Stage PEM Series 135 (Marple Type)
19
28
35
23
13
13
2
28
P
Particle Concentrator Model 4220
Particle Concentrator Model 4240
Particulate Matter (PM)
Particulates
Personal Air Samplers
Personal Environmental Monitor (PEM)
Personal Speciation Sampler Model 240 (PMASS)
PM (Particulate Matter)
Primary Particles
Pumps
32
32
4
4
25
26
27
4
4
34
28/7/10 11:47:59
28/7/10 11:41:51
UK, Ireland & International Sales:

Copley Scientific Limited
Colwick Quays Business Park
Private Road No. 2, Colwick
Nottingham NG4 2JY
United Kingdom
Te l : + 4 4 ( 0 ) 1 1 5 9 6 1 6 2 2 9
Fa x : + 4 4 ( 0 ) 1 1 5 9 6 1 7 6 3 7
e-mail: sales@copleyscientific.co.uk
we b s i t e : w w w. c o p l e y s c i e n t i f i c . c o m
A u s t r i a , F r a n c e , G e r m a n y, I t a l y & S w i t z e r l a n d :
USA & Canada:
Copley Scientific AG
Erlenstrasse 27
Postfach 152
CH-4106 Therwil
Switzerland
MSP Corporation
5910 R ice Creek Park way
Suite 300, Shoreview
Minnesota 55126
USA
Te l : + 4 1 ( 0 ) 6 1 7 2 5 2 5 3 5
Te l : + 1 6 5 1 2 8 7 8 1 0 0
Fa x : + 4 1 ( 0 ) 6 1 7 2 1 3 1 8 7
Fa x : + 1 6 5 1 2 8 7 8 1 4 0
e-mail: sales@copleyscientific.ch
we b s i t e : w w w. c o p l e y s c i e n t i f i c . c o m
e-mail: sales@mspcorp.com
we b s i t e : w w w. m s p c o r p. c o m
AE
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SCIENTIFIC

Quality Solutions for

AE ROSOL CH AR AC T E RI SAT I ON AN D RE SE ARCH M I L I TARY AN D CI V I L DE F E N CE INDU ST R IA L H EA LT H A ND SA FET Y

Air Sampling Cover.indd 2

COPLEY SCIENTIFIC A BRIEF HISTORY

Copley Scientific was founded by Frank Copley in 1946 to

Today, users of our instrumentation demand that it is (a) precise and

In 1957, Copley Scientific began to focus on test equipment for

The Copley philosophy is based on the premise that the accuracy

In 2000, Copley Scientific formed a strategic partnership with MSP

Air Sampling 2010.indd 1

MSP CORPORATION - PIONEERING AEROSOL RESEARCH

Professor Benjamin Y H Liu is the CEO and President of MSP

Professor Virgil A Marple

Professor Virgil A Marple, Vice President and co-founder of MSP

Air Sampling 2010.indd 2

Introduction (Air Sampling and Particle Analysis)

Wide Range Particle Sizing

Air Sampling & Particle Analysis in the Coarse to Nano range

Aerosol Generation and Monitoring

Real-Time Fibre Monitoring

Air Sampling & Particle Analysis in the Coarse to Ultrafine range

5-Stage Marple-Miller Impactors

8-Stage Andersen Impactors

5-Stage High Flow Impactor Model 130

Micro-Environmental Monitor Model 400

Universal Air Sampler Model 310

Personal Air Samplers

Personal Environmental Monitor Series 200

Personal Environmental Monitor (Speciation Type)

Personal Environmental Monitor (Marple Type)

Universal Environmental Monitor (Marple Type)

Air Sampling 2010.indd 3

AIR SAMPLING AND PARTICLE ANALYSIS

PARTICULATE MATTER (AEROSOLS)

AIR SAMPLING AND PARTICLE ANALYSIS

Particulate Matter (PM), alternatively referred to as Aerosols, Fine

Air Sampling and Particle Analysis play key roles in determining

The particles concerned can be divided into primary particles

Founded in 1985 by Professor Ben Y H Liu and Professor Virgil

Airborne particles are produced by a number of natural sources

In the field of Aerosol Counting and Sizing MSP has, in the

Because of the well-documented environmental changes, health

Air Sampling 2010.indd 4

INSTRUMENT SELECTON GUIDE

WIDE RANGE PARTICLE SPECTROMETER (WPS) AND COUNTERS

Flow Rate (LPM)

Size Range (nm)

Wide-Range Particle Spectrometer (WPS)

Scanning Mobility Spectrometer (SMS)

High-Dilution CPC (CPC-HD)

5-20 (User selectable

Cut-Point Diameter (microns)

0.01 0.018 0.032 0.056 0.1 0.18

IMPACTOR AND PARTICLE SAMPLERS

Cut-Point Diameter (microns)

4-Stage Micro-Orifice Impactor: for PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 Sampling

Personal Environmental Monitor: for PM2.5 and PM10 Sampling

Andersen Impactor: 28.3, 60 or 90 L/min

8 Stages between 0.4 and 10 microns

Marple-Miller Impactor: 4.9 to 90 L/min

8 Stages between 0.625 and 10 microns

Universal Air Sampler: 300 L/min

Air Sampling 2010.indd 5