Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Collaboration as a
Key to Success in Retail
Content
Executive summary .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Reasons to improve collaboration with suppliers ........................................................................................ 5
Supplier Relationship Management (SRM)..................................................................................................... 7
A collaborative project room ............................................................................................................................ 9
From complex and slow business processes........................................................................................ 10
to a dynamic and organized structure ................................................................................................... 11
Better structure and information management ................................................................................. 11
The repository ................................................................................................................................................. 11
SRM business processes efficiency .................................................................................................................. 16
Request For Proposal management ........................................................................................................... 16
RFP efficiency .................................................................................................................................................. 18
Collaborative specification ............................................................................................................................. 19
Launch wrap-up.................................................................................................................................................. 20
Artwork collaboration .................................................................................................................................. 20
Merchandising & Sales Promotion ............................................................................................................. 20
Product information transfer to supply chain ......................................................................................... 22
Post launch business processes ........................................................................................................................ 23
Sanitary alerts ...................................................................................................................................................... 23
Audits...................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Change Management ....................................................................................................................................... 24
Consumer care .................................................................................................................................................... 24
A Global Solution.................................................................................................................................................... 25
Access anywhere ................................................................................................................................................ 25
Multi-langual ....................................................................................................................................................... 25
Multi-cultural ....................................................................................................................................................... 25
Multi-regulatory ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................. 26
References ................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Lascom ................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Lascom CPG solution ................................................................................................................................... 27
www.lascom.com - San Diego office +1 858 452 1300 - Paris office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 2 sur 28
Executive summary
As consumers grow more demanding, retailers need to ensure products are available at the
right time, through the right channel and at the right price. While it seems collaboration
between retailers and suppliers has existed forever, it has become more essential for success.
While todays manufacturers and retailers are each facing significant but unique challenges,
there is common goals that drives collaboration - higher sales, increased profitability, and
stronger business growth.
Indeed, an ECR-McKinsey survey shows that an effective collaboration between retailers and
suppliers results in a cost reduction of 5.4%. and a 4.4% decrease in out-of-stocks. It also
increases revenues by 3.7% more than the average company.
Even if many industries have already fully understood the opportunity of an optimized
collaboration, Retail is still in the early stages due to both traditional past behavior and a fear
of sharing sensitive information. Indeed, the retailer-supplier relationship has long struggled
with distrust from both parties acting in self-interest. Retailers and suppliers can overcome
this challenge by better sharing information and truly collaborating to exceed customer
expectations.
At its most advanced level, they are all part of a shared system, jointly pursuing opportunities
to improve margins and growth across the entire value chain to benefit the end-consumer
through:
NPD: Collaboration eases new product development from the marketing brief (retail)
to production (supplier) all along R&D and quality processes.
Request for proposal and tender selection: Through an effective bidding process,
retailers are able to choose best suppliers for product.
Time to market improvement: It no longer simply consists of a new product a
retailer is offering but also to the retailers ability to adapt and adjust to the changing
marketing world around them. Suppliers are fully part of this new process.
Range and product optimization: To optimize existing formula with less costly
alternative or trendy ingredients, retailers have to involve suppliers in their portfolio
categorization.
www.lascom.com - San Diego office +1 858 452 1300 - Paris office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 3 sur 28
New market access: Retailers must consider multi-language and localization (multiregulatory) issues while setting up on a new marketplace. Collaborate with suppliers
at this stage is essential to enter a new place in optimal condition.
This document scopes the essential of an efficient supplier-retailer relationship, its
advantages and how to manage it to improve growth, competivity and boost innovation.
www.lascom.com - San Diego office +1 858 452 1300 - Paris office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 4 sur 28
Reasons to improve
collaboration with suppliers
To overcome todays challenges, smart retailers are taking a more focused look at
collaborating with their supplier, seeing them as partners. A successful retailer-supplier
collaboration can help smooth pressures along the product lifecycle. A strong partnership
brings products to market faster, reduce costs, increase sales and market share, while
maximizing ROI for both parties.
Main reasons to improve collaboration are:
Revenue enhancement:
Working jointly to harness complementary skills is key to better anticipate and react
to commodities price volatility.
It becomes a real challenge for food companies and retailers to ensure sustainable
margins. Crops, dairy products, oils, chemicals, etc. have high influence on companies
bottom line results. It is crucial to collaboratively work on quick adjustments to
maintain high margins on both sides.
Cost reduction:
Collaboration reduces administrative tasks and improves communication. It also
facilitate specifications sharing process through web collaboration both for initial
specifications -used to create a new product from scratch- and updated specifications
- it assumes an effective change management and a robust impact analysis.
Market shares :
Through innovation performances, collaboration also grows market shares and
accelerates innovation providing:
More disruptive ideas
Better decision making process
Greater success rates
Fewer errors
Reduced risks
Innovation performances also includes time to market rush. Being successful with time
to market is heavily dependent on a highly effective planning process and error-free
execution in both organizations.
www.lascom.com - San Diego office +1 858 452 1300 - Paris office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 5 sur 28
Process improvement:
A wide range of supplier-related processes can be improved by more intense retailer
supplier relationships. Many retailers are eager for more quality and traceability and ask their
suppliers to comply with up-to-date food standards. Processes include sourcing, product
specifications, quality certifications, recalls, promotion planning, execution, and all the supply
chain processes.
www.lascom.com - San Diego office +1 858 452 1300 - Paris office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 6 sur 28
Supplier Relationship
Management (SRM)
Private label products have existed throughout the history of retailing. In Europe, retailers
such as Boots, Marks & Spenser, and Tesco have sold private label store brands for
generations. During the recession in the early 1980s, generic no name' brands were
introduced in the U.S. as low-cost alternatives to national brands. During the late 1980s,
private label growth was phenomenal, with grocery unit shares reaching over 15%. By that
time, private labels products were following the rule doing it on the cheap. They were
copycats of national brand products.
But, private label quality has improved dramatically since the days of generic products.
Several recent consumer reports studies have claimed that the quality gap between national
brands and private label products has been reduced or eliminated. Accordingly, consumer
perception has improved substantially, creating a highly positive attitude towards private
label. In a recent survey by The Nielsen Company, 63% of consumers considered private label
brands to be of equal quality to national brands, and 72% of the respondents felt that private
label products were good alternatives to name brands.
The traditional approach to developing low-cost, generic alternatives to national brands,
targeting price-sensitive, brand-agnostic shoppers, is giving way to a much more strategic
role for private label, as part of more thoughtful shopper segmentation, category
management and assortment planning strategies.
Brand manufacturers have historically been able to compete effectively by creating disruptive
products and package designs. Nowadays, retailers contribution to NPD is more important
than ever. Retailers are pushing continuous innovative products and their role shift to be fully
part of and often drive - product innovation.
Things have changed and ratio of power is more balanced, for the best of both parties. One
way relationship has transformed to collaboration, installing trust for retailers and suppliers in
a competitive market.
Collaboration
Innovative products
Partnership
Differentiation
Cooperation
Price / performance
ratio
- maximize consumer
One way
relationship
Me-too private
label
- suppliers and
retailers are both
integrated in
competitiveness and
success
- common strategic
goals
- category
management
strategies
value through
information sharing
- finer analysis on
operational costs
- higher concern in
quality
- price- based
- highest margin
possible
- low quality product
www.lascom.com - San Diego office +1 858 452 1300 - Paris office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 8 sur 28
www.lascom.com -San Diego office (1) 858 452 1300 - Paris office (33) 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 9 sur 28
A complex and barely efficient vision - Participants have difficulties to access the right information at the right moment
Risks due to a complex organization and poor collaboration lead to costly management.
Obsolete information and non-compliance can result in a large volume of recalls.
www.lascom.com -San Diego office (1) 858 452 1300 - Paris office (33) 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 10 sur 28
The repository
Retailers are concerned with an increasing volume of data due to range expansion and a
harsher regulatory compliance.
The solution is to benefit from a robust platform performing as a unique repository to offer a
single version of the truth to all participants. Lascom CPG facilitates collaboration through
clean document versioning and always accurate product data. Participants benefit from a
customized access regarding their business roles and responsibilities for instance suppliers
can only access raw material they provide if defined as if.
For most organizations, the product information repository stores a great deal of data,
document, and any other type of information both from internal teams and extended
business. Therefore, in order for companys teams to effectively locate specific information
about product or specifications it is equally important to retrieve them through a variety of
search features.
A single core repository makes product information management easier and specification
management more efficient. Lascom repository also incorporates additional collaboration
features such as creation wizard, mark-ups and reviews, alerts, electronic signatures, etc.
www.lascom.com -San Diego office (1) 858 452 1300 - Paris office (33) 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 11 sur 28
Description
NEEDS
ARTICLES
NUTRIENTS
INGREDIENTS
& MORE
Quality
of
multiple
suppliers
proposals
and
RFP
Articles are products and all their components: raw materials, packaging
items, artworks, packing items, etc.
Nutritional facts calculation are made from this library and used in the
formulation tool
These are references used to create ingredients lists - including
preservatives- and package design.
Claims (organic, kosher, suitable for vegans, etc.),
allergens, geographical origins, etc.
Description
QUALITY CONTROLS
AUDITS
Allow to store all analyses results made upon raw material/supplier pairs
with criteria attached.
Allow to monitor all criteriae matching IFC, BRC, ISO etc. requirements
upon product/supplier.
COMPLAINTS
Supplier information
PARTNERS
Description
These are all information about partners. Partners could be suppliers,
laboratories, customers, etc.
CONTACTS
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 12 sur 28
Documents
Description
FILES
Many objects types can be stored in files. These files can be associated by themes.
OTHER DOCUMENTS
EDMS (electronic document management system) will ensure a clean document versioning
with role based access.
Handling product specifications with document only cannot be achieved anymore. An
effective way to deal with those specifications is not only to consider documents but also
data themselves.
to collaborative data
Implications on sharing a single version of the truth are:
Sharing libraries of specification item
Sharing their translation
Assuming that changing the same content with multiple usages will require to
manage all the impacts
Retailers taking their suppliers knowledge into account and involving them as experts in their
activity show better results. There is no longer a sole agent owning knowledge about
products, goals, technical needs, strategy etc. The advantage of sharing a common platform
is also to be aware of new raw materials and/or products through suppliers input and use
them as opportunities.
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 13 sur 28
Both retailers and suppliers have a common goal: the customer satisfaction.
To achieve that goal, quantitative data sharing shall be set up and acknowledge business
practices shall be organized.
Restrictive data
Information scattering
Out-of-date documentation
Waste of time
Re-keying of data
Multiple platforms and repositories
with inconsistent information
Inefficient tracking process and
recording
Inaccurate analyses
Collaborative data
Page 14 sur 28
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 15 sur 28
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 16 sur 28
Requests for Proposal management are different from a company to another. But global
process could be sum up through main stages as followed:
Product scheme
Supplier shortlist
Specifications management
- Suppliers input
- Workflows with suppliers
automation
- Alerts for return proposal
regarding priority
Specification approval
Supplier approval
Product addition in the repository
Contract management
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 17 sur 28
RFP efficiency
Productivity in the innovation and quotation process will be highly increased dispatching
automatically the technical data requirements to the various suppliers involved.
But the business process has to be flexible enough to promote suppliers pro-activity as well.
Various technologies to support RFP are crucial.
A portal technology
Optimizing RFP process and collaboration with suppliers often means benefiting from a
portal with dedicated access to securely input information about proposals, quotation or
product specifications. Tight seal front office to avoid information leaks from a supplier to
another is key. A back office repository is also required for retailers to compare suppliers
involved in the process.
RFP are sent to many suppliers. Each supplier can propose many products. Each product /
supplier pair has its own documentation, specification dataset, certificates, etc.
To avoid the pain to compare manually different bids, retailers require tools to:
Screen and comment information easily
Manage loopbacks with suppliers with a full audit trail
Compare ( submission 1 VS submission 2 ; supplier bid 1 VS supplier bid 2)
Approve individually business topics to unlock the overall approval. Lascom offers
to check each chapter. Everyone in charge of a chapter/task is able to approve it
separately considering skills needed. A final approval with electonic signature
secures the entire process.
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 18 sur 28
Electronic signature
Electronic signature lawful status is key in accountability. Partners will approve product
quality policy through validation processes.
Electronic signature will ensure data integrity and partners commitment.
Collaborative specification
RFP goal is to select a supplier based on price and pre-specifications. Once the RFP is
granted, technical specifications must be sharpened and approved both by the retailer and its
choosen supplier.
To be more efficient, departments must be able to work on many tasks at the same time
without bothering or slowing down each other. By managing electronic specifications with
chapters, businesses gain in effectiveness. GS1 developed a global standard, still in
implementation, to syndicate practices.
On the same frame, in Australia and New Zealand, the Product Information Form (PIF) is an
operational standard. Indeed, thanks to a unique template shared by all the community
business relations are faster between partners. It could someday become a new regulation
out of Australia to improve product information and traceability. The PIF was a tool codeveloped both by retailers and manufacturers to captured specification data with a better
auditability to check regulatory requirements and product consistency.
PIF avoids the potential confusion of having different forms for different sets of regulatory
requirements.
To ensure specification consistency, business process management is key as well. Participants
have to work at the same time on different tasks. Specification contents are consolidated and
approved without slowing down others.
Raw material, ingredients and product information must remain attached to a finished
product at any stage of the lifecycle and being accessible by anyone with the right to edit or
update the products.
As seen, Lascom ensures that product specifications are based on a single version of the
truth characteristics library; as collaborative specification is an iterative process, Lascom CPG
provides a full traceability of the various changes and submissions.
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 19 sur 28
Launch wrap-up
Artwork collaboration
Product specification involves packaging specification too. Since packaging and artwork
engage many functional disciplines within the company while simultaneously engaging a
large network of external partners packaging and artwork management is a definitive
collaboration bottleneck.
Yet they face critical barriers to tackle in order to achieve effective packaging and artwork
management, including:
Lack of certainty and time about the finished product final definition. Packaging and
artwork are often on the critical path of the launching process.
Difficulties for designers, developers and production teams to collaborate efficiently.
Indeed, business concerns are largely heterogeneous and iterations are short and plenty.
Paper-based artwork review. For most companies, artwork review and approval are a
lengthy process in which hard-copy drafts and proofs are circulating to internal groups
and external agencies for review and comment.
Defects and errors in pack copy and artwork are primary reasons for product recalls, costing
companies millions of dollars in lost revenue.
Lascom collaborative solution makes it possible to conduct virtual packaging reviews. Digital
mark-ups can be directly added on the document. Reviewers are then able to approve or
reject comments regarding their role.
Electronic sign-off, good to print and a full version history ensure transparency and
accountability throughout the process. As a result, participants can be sure that a complete
and accurate print file is released to production.
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 20 sur 28
Getting to market with promotional packaging and displays is challenging due to:
The multiplicity of actors involved including marketing, sales, finance, category
management, communication agencies, legal, logistics and department supervisors.
The assortment of references for a promotion. Retailers have to carefully consider
their needs and bottom lines for a specific holiday e.g. Mothers Day - while
suppliers offer operations associated with volume.
The assortment of pricing and promotional strategies loyalty points, discounts, buy
one get one free, etc. Whole categories are impacted and retailers observe whole
store effects. Some promotions can cannibalize sales or drive incremental traffic in
store. Costs forecasts are then very complex to handle.
The slow stage gate process composed by many tasks and organized through a
schedule long time before the actual promotion.
Best-in-class retailers are modifying their in-store promotional processes in collaboration
with manufacturers to eliminate bottlenecks, enhance efficacy and ensure just in time.
Lascom fuels retailers promotional strategies: dedicated promotion management business
process is supported by the supplier portal. Sales campaign will be stage-gated on a weekly
base. The tasks will be dispatched automatically to various sparticipants providing alerts if the
dates are overdue. Every assigning will have a comprehensive dynamic calendar to monitor
the critical path in a launch process.
Lascom offers a supplier portal to improve reactivity on each task. Calendars are shared and
collaboration enhanced. The system tracks, manages and optimizes the end-to-end process.
The appropriate such as POS material drawings, attention to customer, catalogs, can be
automatically generated, monitored and traced. Reporting and analytics are triggered to
benchmark progress and evaluate the promotion for cost and timing targets.
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 21 sur 28
www.lascom.com -San Diego office (1) 858 452 1300 - Paris office (33) 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 22 sur 28
Audits
The retail industry faces an unprecedented level of scrutiny. Consumers are not just
concerned about the safety and quality of products but also about the way in which they are
produced.
Audit programs require a thorough report. Whether they are set up by internal teams or third
party agencies, visibility on IFS BRC aspects is still low and corrective actions plan to solve
issues are not always implemented.
Most information is on check list format, and emails. Retailers, auditors and suppliers waste
considerable time to identify and to verify due dates all along the audit process.
As information is time/date stamped and all results/corrective actions are electronically
documented, retailers are able to gain in-depth access and insight into performance by
various suppliers; and be audit ready-on demand for almost any type of compliance audit
using the supplier portal though Lascom solution.
www.lascom.com -San Diego office (1) 858 452 1300 - Paris office (33) 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 23 sur 28
Change Management
Businesses often need to amend their specifications. A crucial part of portfolio management
in retail consists of adapting to an evolving environment. Through a change request,
suppliers offer minimum disruption to retailers on product changes, while ensuring their
marginal approval. It is also important to be able to track these changes and create reusable
versions.
Change management is also part of the solution to assist retailers dealing with change
impacts and product versioning.
Like trying to solve a Rubiks Cube, every move on one side has an impact on another. To
develop a new product or to substitute supplier requires many decisions to make with
cascading impacts on labeling, formulations, regulatory claims, documentation, ingredient
sourcing, safety, costs, and package sizing.
A new formulation from the supplier side, for instance, often drives the need for new labeling.
Knowing the full impact of each change is essential to bring about the best decisions and
avoid costly mistakes.
Lascom provide customizable alerts and change management features to better manage
changes and impacts.
Consumer care
Consumers Complaints management
When consumers send a complaint, they expect some follow-up and traceability.
When retailers send consumers complaints to suppliers, they not only expect the problem
solved but also it does not reproduce.
To set up an action plan, consumers complaints shall be categorized according to type of
issue, its criticity and its liability to reoccur to prioritize the HACCP correction.
Once acquitted each consumer claim shall trigger highly automated workflows to alert
various stakeholders, to capture potential related cost and support the tracking of the
resolution.
All participants should be informed of the work in progress - containment and preventive
actions for instance - until the problem is actually closed.
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 24 sur 28
A Global Solution
Access anywhere
Proper collaboration implies allowing people to share information electronically everywhere
on earth, yet securely. Headquarters and subsidiaries must be able to access and input data
and documents easily wherever they are, at any moment.
Mobility is gaining ground. More and more people and businesses use smartphones and
tablets to access information.
Lascom solution provides a full-web solution with responsive design interface to users to
access the software from anywhere on any device. This is particularly convenient while
checking products in-store, meeting at the suppliers place or performing an audit for
instance.
Multi-langual
Collaboration efficiency is crucial to avoid abusive translation costs. Lascom provides a
translation management tool (especially for data, formulation and labeling) to ease
collaboration between countries (including support of various alphabet types).
Multi-cultural
Some other specificities are often related to unit (imperial to metrics, C to F, etc.), currencies
and date format management or local trends.
Lascom provides the technology to keep the consistency of the product specifications even
for extensive global sales operations.
Multi-regulatory
It could be extremely difficult to deal with various countries regulations when selling globally.
Even if standards and certifications tend to be international (ISO, HACCP, OHSAS...) the
majority of rules are still region specific E.U. 1169/2011, FSMA etc.
From the idea to shelves, regulatory must be supported by intensive collaboration. To face
this complexity, Lascom proposes a master product specification and dedicated views with
the localization of the regulated contents according to the countries.
www.lascom.com -San Diego office (1) 858 452 1300 - Paris office (33) 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 25 sur 28
Conclusion
According to the consulting major AT Kearney, partners should aim for an advanced level of
collaboration where it will seem as if they have merged to form a single entity. Then, out of
their well cemented coalitions they will be able to enjoy a range of improvements: 10-15%
jump in sales, 6-10% reduction in forecast errors, 40-60% acceleration in speed of launching
new merchandise, or 20% fall in material costs.
Effective supplier collaboration reduce costs, increase visibility, aid in optimizing brand and
banner loyalty, improve marketing effectiveness, sales volume, inventory, and margins.
This has led to an attempt in establishing strong supplier collaboration, sharing both overall
business strategies and specific initiatives where suppliers are expected to play a pivotal role.
Retailers have been taking the idea of suppliers collaboration a step further by ensuring realtime visibility and collaboration. Supplier collaboration has tremendous productivity and
efficiency benefits by streamlining and automating the traditional paper-and-time-intensive
activities associated with Proposal process, product information management, vendor
performance, product development, promotion programs, rebates, customer insight and new
product introductions.
A repository significantly helps to benefit from a single version of the truth for both
parties. It is easier to manage RFP, NPD, product portfolio management and traceability.
Inputs can be made y retailers and suppliers regarding access rights. Alerts notify participants
involved in the project of any changes and related impacts. Collaboration is better, the
solution allows companies to improve innovation process and margins.
www.lascom.com -San Diego office (1) 858 452 1300 - Paris office (33) 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 26 sur 28
References
Lascom
Lascom has built its global success on developing and deploying comprehensive software
solutions and services that manage the complex business processes and information
associated with document, product, project, and configuration management.
Based on the success of its configuration management technology (introduced in 1997) and
its advanced workflow functionality (introduced in 2002), Lascom has evolved into a best-inclass provider of enterprise business process management solutions.
As projects and products evolve, maintaining a coherent single version of the truth is critical
to performing gap assessments and impact analysis, as well as making key business decisions
in the most efficient and effective manner. Lascom PLM software suite uniquely organizes,
manages, and inter-relates a wide range of project/product information.
PLM is more than just software. Understanding the different market segments of the PLM
solutions is a factor for success. Lascom has heavily invested in its workforce to transform its
project managers into a team of experts that know about customer problems and best
practices. By capitalizing on product/project information and simultaneously on market
knowledge, Lascom PLM is the key tool to empower strategic visions.
Lascom technology is used by over 200 large and medium-size organizations around the
globe such as Monin, Artenay Cereals, Maple Lodge, Yoplait, Lactalis, Servair and others.
generate
documentation
such
as
technical
datasheets,
RFP,
specifications
Initiate the bidding process
Reduce time to market
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 27 sur 28
www.lascom.com U.S. office +1 858 452 1300 Europe office +33 1 69 35 12 20 - All right reserved Lascom 2014
Page 28 sur 28